All EUTs with Telecom Ports
Scope
Required tests
LISN
Scope
Required tests for RF Emissions
All apparatus intended for use Refers to EN55022, EN55014 and EN60555 for
Electrical
and electronic
apparatus tests.
Refers
to EN55022
and EN55014-1
for tests. conRadiated
in the domestic,
commercial
Radiated
emissions
on the enclosure,

intended
use in residential,
emissions
on harmonics
the enclosure;
conducted
RF including
and light for
industrial
environducted
RF and
on the
AC mains
port
commercial
and light-industrial
discontinuous on the AC mains port; conducted RF
ments for which
no productenvironments
for which
using a current probe on signal, control, DC power
specific standards
existno
dedicated product or productand other ports
family
standard
exists environ- Refers to EN55011 for enclosure radiated and AC
As above
for industrial
ments
EN50081-2: 1993
mains conducted tests
As above for industrial
Refers to EN55011 for enclosure radiated and AC 
EN61000-6-4:2001

mains
conducted
tests;150kHz–30MHz
discontinuous conducted
(Equivalent to IEC 61000-6-4: environments
Equipment designed to gener- Mains
terminal
voltage
using
emissions
on
the
AC
mains
port
occurring
more
than
1997)
ate RF energy for industrial,
EN55011: 1991
CISPR-16 LISN; radiated field 30– 1000MHz on test

5 times
a minute
subjectGroup
to modified
scientific and medical (ISM) pur- site
(Equivalent to CISPR 11:
or in situ
(Classare
A only).
2 Classlimits
A limits
poses, including spark erosion apply down to 150kHz; limits for 11.7–12.7GHz
1990 with modifications)
Mains
terminal voltage 150kHz–30MHz using CISPREN55011:
1998CISPR
+ A1: 11:
1999
+ Equipment designed to generate also
(3rd edition
1997,
presented

RF energy for industrial, scientific
16 LISN; radiated field 30– 1000MHz on test site or
A2:
to 2002
be published as EN)
medicalsound
(ISM) and
purposes,
in situ (Class A only). Group 2 Class A limits apply
(Equivalent to CISPR 11: 1997 and
Broadcast
television
including
erosion
downterminal
to 150kHz;
A1: 1999
introduces emissions
with
modifications)
receivers spark
and associated
equip- Mains
EN55013:
1990
voltage
150kHz–30MHz
using
limits between
1 and 18GHz
fromvoltage
Group 30–
2 Class B >
ment, e.g. audio equipment,
(Not equivalent to CISPR
CISPR-16
LISN; antenna
terminal
400MHz radiated field 80–1000MHz for LO and 
VCRs, CD players, electronic
13)
1000MHz,
organs
harmonics, disturbance power for associated
Broadcast sound and television
Mains terminal
voltageon
150kHz–30MHz
EN55013: 2001 + A1: 2003
equipment
30–300MHz
leads > 25cmusing CISPR16 LISN; antenna terminal voltage 30–1000MHz,
(Equivalent to CISPR 13: 2001 receivers and associated

equipment
to befuncradiated
field 80–1000MHz
for LO and harmonics
with modifications)
Appliancesintended
whose main
Mains
terminal
voltage 150kHz–30MHz
using
connected
directly to by
these
or to CISPR-16
and Class
B limits
for others, interference
disturbance power
tions are performed
motors
EN55014-1: 1993
LISN;
discontinuous
over for
or reproduce
audio or this
associated
equipment
30–300MHz
on leads
> 25cm;
and switching
or regulating
(Equivalent to CISPR 14-1: generate
frequency
range where
appropriate;
disturvisual
information
A1: 2003
adds
methods
receivers
devices,
e.g. household appli1993)
bance
power
30–
300MHzfor
ondigital
all leads

ances, electric tools etc
Appliances whose main functions Mains terminal voltage 150kHz–30MHz using
EN55014-1: 2000 + A1: 2001
are
performed
by motors
and
CISPR-16 LISN; discontinuous interference over this
+ A2: 2002

All lighting
equipment
and
auxswitching
or aregulating
devices, Fluorescent
frequency range
where appropriate;
(Equivalent to CISPR 14-1:
iliaries with
primary function
lamp luminaire
insertion disturbance
loss 150–
e.g.
householdand/or
appliances,
electric 1605kHz;
power 30–
300MHz
on all equipment,
leads; A1: 2001
adds
an
2000)
of generating
distributEN55015: 1996
all other
lighting
mains
tertools
etc for illumination, and
extravoltage
EN55022
radiated testusing
only CISPR-16
for toys LISN;
ing light
(Equivalent to CISPR 15:
minal
9kHz–30MHz
lighting part of multi-function
1996)
HF lamps, radiated magnetic field 9kHz–30MHz

lighting equipment and
Fluorescent
lamp
luminaire
loss 150–
EN55015: 2000 + A1: 2001 + All
equipment
using
Van Veen
loop,
relaxed insertion
levels between
2.2
auxiliaries with a primary function and
1605kHz;
A2: 2002
3MHz all other lighting equipment, mains terminal 
generatingTechnology
and/or distributing
voltage 9kHz–30MHz using CISPR-16 LISN; HF lamps,
(Equivalent to CISPR 15: 2000) of
Information
light
for illumination,
and primary
lighting Mains
radiated
magnetic
field150kHz–30MHz
9kHz–30MHz using
Van Veen
Equipment
(ITE), whose
terminal
voltage
using
part
of multi-function
loop, relaxed
between
2.2 1000MHz
and 3MHz on test
function
is data entry,equipment
storage, CISPR-16
EN55022: 1994
LISN; levels
radiated
field 30–
display, retrieval, transmission, site
(Equivalent to CISPR 22:
Equipment
Mains terminal voltage 150kHz–30MHz using CISPREN55022:
processing, Technology
switching or
control
1993) 1998 + A1: 2000 + Information

(ITE), whose primary function
16 LISN; radiated field 30– 1000MHz on test site;
A2: 2003

conducted current or voltage from 150kHz to 30MHz
(Equivalent to CISPR 22: 1997) is data entry, storage, display,
retrieval, transmission, processing, at telecommunication ports; further tests are being
switching or control
introduced in a later edition from 1 to 6GHz
Note:
ISNs
LISN
Electrical equipment intended for
Mains port conducted RF 150kHz–30MHz, radiated
professional, industrial process and RF 30MHz–1000MHz. The reference standard for the
educational use, for measurement test methods quoted is CISPR 16-1 and CISPR 16-2
and test, control or laboratory
EN61326: 1997 + A1: 1998,
A2: 2001 + A3: 2003
(Equivalent to IEC 61326:
1997)
H-field loop
BiLog
o
Magnetic field test
o
peak
Within the far field, field strength is inversely proportional to the
distance from the source, the electric and magnetic field vectors
are orthogonal to each other and the direction of propagation, and
their ratio is constant and defined by the impedance of free space
CURRENT¬PROBE

hig
1GHz


100MHz
Far field
o
o
l
FERRITE
o
10MHz
MAINS
COAXIAL
WAY
SWITCH
NON CONDUCTIVE¬BASE¬AND¬SUPPORT
1.0
nc
e
quasi-peak 30MHz - 1GHz
e
mp
u
so
100
i
rce
nc
da
-40
Plane wave
Zo = 377Ω
-50
E ∝ 1/d, H ∝ 1/d
10
1
e
100
lower reading still. Continuous signals will show the same value with all types of detector.
Magnetic field
predominates
E ∝ 1/d2, H ∝ 1/d3
Peak detector
near field
10
0.1
Peak detector
Create table
of frequencies
far field
Y
1
Y
Create table
of frequencies
N
result < avge limit?
10
Distance from source d, normalized to λ/2π

QP detector
N
Maximize at
each freq
result < QP limit?
N
result < avge limit?
Y
N
result < QP limit?
N
Pass

N
result < avge limit?
Average detector
Y
result < QP limit - X?
QP detector
Y
How does a product emit RF?
o

Y
N
result < QP limit?
Y
o
10k
1k
will give a lower reading for low pulse rate impulsive signals, while the average detector will give a
transition region
o

average 0.15 - 30MHz
-30
The peak detector will always give the highest reading on all types of disturbance. The QP detector will give a lower reading for low pulse rate
low
10
da
-20
impulsive
signals,
while the will
average
detectorgive
will give
a lower
readingreading
still. Continuous
signals
will show
the same value with
all types
of detector.
The
peak
detector
always
the
highest
on all
types
of disturbance.
The
QP detector
100
Within the near field, field strength is inversely proportional to the
square or cube of distance from the source, and the ratio and
direction of the electric and magnetic field vectors is complex and
generally unknown
,ARGE¬LOOP¬ANTENNA¬,,!¬OR¬6AN¬6EEN¬LOOP ¬
FOR¬MAGNETIC¬FIELD¬MEASUREMENTS¬K(Z¬ ¬-(Z
FROM¬#)302¬¬!NNEX¬"
o
0.1
rce
i
quasi-peak 0.15 - 30MHz
Repetition frequency of pulsed interference (Hz)
Distance from source (m)

ou
Region of
unknown field
impedance E/H
λ/2π
1MHz
hs
mp
e
M
TO¬TEST¬RECEIVER
o
Near field
-10
Electric field predominates
E ∝ 1/d3, H ∝ 1/d2
1000
%54
o
Relative output versus PRF for CISPR 16 detectors
0
according to Maxwell's field equations
RESISTIVELY¬
LOADED¬SLIT

10k
The near field/far field transition
M¬DIAMETER

CISPR 16-1 Instrumentation
Electromagnetic Field
Relative output (dB)

Wave impedance, Ω
Some EUTs
Abs. clamp
o
BiLog
All mains powered EUTS
H-field loop

Current probe
All EUTs
Standard
Standard
EN50081-1: 1992
EN61000-6-3:2001 +
A11:2004
(Equivalent to IEC 61000-6-3:
1996)
Fail
Pass
Fail

Conducted emissions
Radiated emissions
X is a margin to allow for expected difference due to maximization procedure;
X is aa fully
margin
to allowmeasurement
for expected difference
duealltoradiated
maximization
procedure;
compliant
requires that
emissions
are maximized
most product standards reference one or other of the above to define the measurement methods for emissions. Those which define their own emissions test methods are
a fully compliant measurement requires that all radiated emissions are maximized
EN50091- 2 : 1995: Uninterruptible power systems
EN60945 : 2002: Marine navigation and radio-communication equipment and systems
Flowchart for use of detectors
CISPR 16-1 Instrumentation characteristics
f o r m e r l y S c h a f f n e r Te s t S y s t e m s
The deciBel
Voltage or
Power ratio
current ratio
The deciBel (dB) represents a logarithmic ratio (base ten) between two quantities and is
0.1
0.01
referred to 1µV, dBm is referred to 1mW.
Originally the dB was conceived as a power ratio, given by
1
1.122
1.259
(mains port)
0.15 - 30MHz
3.6dB
2
1.259
1.585
Disturbance power
30 - 300MHz
4.5dB
3
1.413
1.995
5.2dB
4
1.585
2.512
V
=
5
1.778
3.162
I
=
6
1.995
3.981
P
=
30 - 1000MHz
Measurement uncertainty budget for radiated measurement
7
Example: 200MHz to 1GHz, log periodic antenna, vertical polarisation, distance = 3m
Value(±dB)
Prob. dist.
Divisor
ui(y)
ui(y)
1.00
1.50
1.50
0.10
0.50
Normal
Rectangular
Rectangular
Normal (1)
Normal
2.000
1.732
1.732
1.000
2.000
0.500
0.866
0.866
0.100
0.250
0.250
0.750
0.750
0.010
0.063
2.00
0.30
0.50
1.00
0.10
0.90
0.00
Normal
Rectangular
Rectangular
Rectangular
Rectangular
Rectangular
Rectangular
2.000
1.732
1.732
1.732
1.732
1.732
1.732
1.000
0.173
0.289
0.577
0.058
0.520
0.000
1.000
0.030
0.083
0.333
0.003
0.270
0.000
Normal
Triangular
Rectangular
Normal
U-shaped
2.000
2.449
1.732
2.000
1.414
0.050
1.633
0.173
0.050
-0.708
Normal
Normal, k = 2.0
Combined standard uncertainty
Expanded uncertainty
0.003
2.668
0.030
0.003
0.501
2.597
5.19
6.747
Magnetic field strength
0.0084
105.0
0.0105
15
5.623
-36.5
0.0149
186.2
0.0186
20
10.000
-31.5
0.0265
331.5
0.0331
nanogauss
17.8
-26.5
0.0472
0.590
0.0590
30
31.62
-21.5
0.0839
1.048
0.1048
35
56.23
-16.5
0.1492
1.865
0.1865
37
70.79
-14.5
0.1878
2.347
0.2347
40
100.00
-11.5
0.2652
3.315
0.3315
3.162
10.000
12
3.981
15.849
14
5.012
25.120
16
6.310
39.811
A simple rule of thumb:
18
7.943
63.096
When working with power, 3dB is twice, 10dB is ten times;
20
10.000
100.00
When working with voltage or current, 6dB is twice, 20dB is ten times.
25
17.783
316.2
30
31.62
1000
dBµV vs dBm
35
56.23
3162
dBµV
40
100
10,000
45
177.8
31,623
105
50
316.2
55
562.3
60
1000
65
1778
70
3162
75
5623
80
10,000
85
17,783
90
31,623
0.316
-1.5
0.839
10.48
1.048
60
1.000
8.5
2.652
33.15
3.315
70
3.162
18.5
8.388
104.8
10.485
80
10.000
28.5
26.525
331.5
33.156
H-field, dBµA/m
3.162 . 106
107
3.162 . 107
108
3.162 . 108
109
56,234
100 105
3.162 . 109
1010
110 3.162 . 105
120 106
1011
1012
50
-127
-117
-107
-97
-87
-77
-67
-57
-47
-37
-27
-17
-7
3
13
75
-129
-119
-109
-99
-89
-79
-69
-59
-49
-39
-29
-19
-9
1
11
150
-132
-122
-112
-102
-92
-82
-72
-62
-52
-42
-32
-22
-12
-2
8
0
10
20
30
-17
-7
3
13
-19
-9
1
11
-22
-12
-2
8
nanoTesla
38.5
0.0839
1.048
0.1048
100
100.0
48.5
0.2652
3.315
0.3315
110
316.2
58.5
0.8388
10.48
1.048
120
1000.0
68.5
2.652
33.15
3.315
suffix
refers to
dBV
dBmV
dBµV
dBV/m
dBµV/m
dBµA
dBW
dBm
dBµW
1 volt
1 millivolt
1 microvolt
1 volt per metre
1 microvolt per metre
1 microamp
1 watt
1 milliwatt
1 microwatt
-28
-18
-8
2
CISPR Class A
CISPR Class B
CISPR 11 Group 2 Class A QP
Conducted limits
QP = quasi peak detector, Avge = Average
detector, PK = peak detector; average limits
shown dashed, other limits apply QP unless
stated; if the average limits are met using
the QP detector, a further average
measurement is unnecessary
CISPR 11 Group 2 > 100A QP
High frequency extensions
All measurements above 1GHz, dBµV/m at 3m
Frequency GHz
IEC 60945 marine equipment QP
EN 50121-2 railway systems 750V DC, PK
110
FCC Class A
FCC Class B
Disturbance power QP
100
90
CISPR 22 Telecom ports Class A QP
80
CISPR 22 Telecom ports Class B Avge
CISPR Band D
60
VHF limits
80
70
MHz
1
30
10
60
Magnetic field limits
50
50
40
40
30
see extensions above 1GHz
30
20
in 9kHz bandwidth
20
30MHz
6
56
50
60
54
60
54
IEC 60945 QP
90
0.15
3
54
Conditional testing for F > 1GHz
CISPR 22 and FCC
CISPR Band C
0.1
2
FCC
Class A avge
Class B avge
CISPR 22 Telecom ports Class A Avge, Class B QP
70
1
CISPR 22 Am 1
Class A avge
Class B avge
CISPR 14-1, CISPR 13
associated equipment)
Disturbance power Avge
Peripheral
EUT
100MHz
1GHz
10
Fint
Max Ftest
< 108 MHz
< 500 MHz
< 1GHz
> 1GHz
1GHZ
2GHz
5GHz
5·Fint or 6GHz
(40GHz, FCC)
Fint is the highest frequency of the
internal sources of the EUT
< 40cm
1m mains
cable, excess
bundled as
shown **
Main
AMN/LISN
0
51.5 dB
-10
1 Gauss = 100 micro Tesla = 80 Amps/metre
CISPR 11 Group 2 Class A, QP @ 10m
CISPR 11 induction cookers, QP @ 3m
CISPR 15, QP @ 3m (from LLA limits)
EN 50121-2 750V DC systems, PK @ 10m
IEC 60945 marine equipment, QP @ 3m
VLF
100
50Ω
50Ω/50µH down to 150kHz
L
4µF
10
Mains
input
50Ω/5µH + 1Ω
9kHz
50Ω/50µH + 5Ω
1MHz
LORAN C,
Decca
D=distress frequency
ISM = industrial, scientific & medical
Frequency
30
Wavelength 10 4 km
40
8
60
6
80
4
100Hz
200
2
300
10 3 km
400
8
600
6
800
4
1kHz
2k
2
thunderstorm detection
3k
100km
4k
8
6k
6
8k
4
10kHz
20k
2
30k
10km
40k
8
SF
Principles
See EMCTLA TGN42 (from www.emctla.org ) for further guidance
EUT
80k
4
100kHz
D
200k
2
2.5M
SF
300k
1km
400k
8
1.64 - 1.78M
500k
600k
6
800k
4
1MHz
2.182M
2M
2
D
EUT
100
current or voltage
measurement
uncontrolled
impedance
50
25
AF CBL6111C,
dB/m
20
10m N-N cable
loss, dB
dB
Associated
equipment (AE)
VN
30
Receiver noise
floor, 6dBµV
EUT side
(3) For other cables: method
C.1.3 using both current and
voltage probes
I
I
connection
to outside
of screen
100
measurement output (50 )
V
Key characteristics



Longitudinal conversion loss (LCL):
defined in product standards,
implemented by Zunbal in adapter
Common mode impedance at EUT port:
150 ±20 , phase 0º ±20º
Isolation from AE port: > 35-55dB from
0.15-1.5MHz, > 55dB from 1.5-30MHz
Voltage division factor: approx. 9.5dB
3M
100m
10
Class B limit
dBµV/m at 10m
10M
D
8.4M
6M
6
D
8M
4
SF
12.5M
15M
D
am 21-21.45M
SF
20M
SF
16.8M
ISM
13.56M
10MHz
D
25M
SF
100
1000
VT Z
=
E (dBµV/m) + AF (dB/m) + A (dB)
30
direct wave
Z = 100
typ.
aero
136M
maritime
comms
military aero & satellite
satellite
land mobile (PMR)
amateur
amateur
Bands IV/V
TV broadcast
853M
430 440M
144 146M
960M
1.215G
land mobile
10m
40M
8
60M
6
80M
4
100MHz
200M
2
300M
400M
1m
8
600M
6
800M
4
1GHz
2
horizontal
vertical
5.0
0.0
tracking generator
spectrum analyser
-5.0
-10
Geometries for broadband antennas:
Geometries for broadband antennas:
Transmitting antenna height: 1m
Transmitting
antennaantenna
height: 1m
Receiving
height scan: 1 - 4m
Receiving Horizontal
antenna height
scan: 1
4m
separation
D –between
antennas 3m, l0m or 30m
Horizontal The
separation
D between
antennas
3m, 10m
or 30m
curves are
normalized
to exclude
antenna
characteristics
The curvesFrom
are normalized
to exclude antenna characteristics
CISPR 16-1:1999
Source: CISPR 16-1-4, CISPR 22
radar
satellite downlinks
4.2G
radio altimeters
4.3G
2G
10m
3m
horizontal
vertical
-15
-20
-25
SHF
fixed
radio
access
3.6G
fixed links
L-band
10
100
1000
MHz
Electromagnetic Spectrum - RF emissions
radar
1.35G 1.53G 1.7G
aero DME
156M 165M
Band II vhf/fm
87.5M broadcast
radar
cellular
phones
470M
15
30
UHF
108M
Theoretical normalised site
attenuation versus frequency
20
Height varied
over 1 to 4m
during test
ground reflected
wave
HT = 1m
The system noise floor as shown above – the smallest signal that can be detected – is
given by the receiver's own noise floor corrected by A and AF.
The antenna factor is initially provided by the manufacturer but can be re-calibrated at
any time by a specialist calibration house, using a number of methods. CISPR has
standardized on the free space calibration in which the antenna is assumed not to interact
with its surroundings, e.g. the EUT and the ground plane. Actual antenna factors will vary
with proximity to other objects and also between vertical and horizontal polarization; these
variations should be accounted for in the measurement uncertainty budget.
LCL = 20·log(V T /E L )
EL
ISM
30M
to measuring instrument
to measuring instrument
ground plane
ground plane
25
attenuator
pad for
matching
VMEAS is the measured voltage at the test receiver, A is the cable and other losses
between the antenna and receiver
Z/4
amateur
Cable should drape to ground plane
Cablewell
should
ground
plane
backdrape
from to
rear
of antenna
well back from rear of antenna
> 40cm 80cm
> 40cm 80cm
measurement distance D
Frequency, MHz
10
VMEAS (dBµV)
land mobile (PMR)
am 28-29.7M
Measurement distance is taken
Measurement
from the distance
boundaryisoftaken
the EUT
to the
reference
point
on the
from the
boundary
of the
EUT
to theantenna
reference point on the
antenna
Theoretical site attenuation characteristics versus frequency
27.12M
20M
2
27 28M
2⋅L
AN(dB) = VDIRECT - VSITE - AFT - AFR
Using the antenna factor
LCL describes mode conversion, i.e the degree to
which a poorly balanced termination develops an
unwanted transverse (differential) signal when
by a longitudinal (common mode) signal, as in the
measurement circuit below
radio
astronomy
am 14-14.35M
SF
4M
8
amateur 7-7.1M
2⋅L
Site attenuation is the overall loss between two antennas on a given open field test site, spaced at the measuring distance.
According to CISPR 16-1-4 and CISPR 22, the measured site attenuation of a site used for compliance tests must be within ±4dB
of the theoretical for an open site.
Site attenuation can be measured with a pair of broadband antennas, a spectrum analyser and tracking generator (see diagram).
For test sites which do not conform to the open area requirements, a set of site attenuation measurements are needed with the
transmit antenna placed at several points over the test volume (see CISPR 22 Annex A and CISPR 16-1-4).
The measured value VSITE is the maximum recorded over the receiving antenna height scan at each frequency, and VDIRECT
is the value recorded when the antenna cables are connected to each other. AFT and AFR are the respective
antenna factors. The NSA is then given by
•
VHF
CB
a+2m
Normalised site attenuation
•
•
System noise
floor, dBµV/m
ISN
100
ferrite
(optional)
50
6.3M
mains
5
AE side
Z unbal
CVP
minimum ground plane a+2m
minimum ground plane
vary height
varyover
height
1 to 4m
over 1 to 4m
EUT
Emissions measuring antennas are characterised by their antenna factor AF. This gives the
conversion between the field strength E they are measuring and their output voltage:

D
mains
•
•
15
0
Notes:
 for method (2) the common mode impedance Z CMto the AE side of the
150 resistance should be confirmed as >> 150
 for method (3) both current and voltage limits should be satisfied; if
these are exceeded, at spot frequencies measure Z CM and set it to
150 by adjusting ferrites, then apply current limit only (method C.1.4 )
4.2M
EUT
√
√3 ⋅ L √
√
d = maximum EUT dimension
a = maximum
antenna dimension
d = maximum
EUT dimension
(1.6m
for BiLog)
a = maximum
antenna
dimension
(1.6m for BiLog)
Generic circuit for two unscreened balanced pairs
(2) For screened cables: method
C.1.2 using current probe or
voltage measurement
10cm ferrite
V
energy saving
lamps 2.6M
turntable
turntable
Example system noise floor
35
The telecom port Impedance Stabilising Network
AE
ISN
> 40cm
if possible
(1) The ISN may be replaced by a CDN according to IEC 61000-4-6:
method C.1.1
5M
Frequency MHz
Frequency
80cm
Alternative measurement options when ISNs are not suitable
3.5-3.8M
Frequency
MHz dB
Measured
power
= indicated
value
(dBµV)+ +correction
correctionfactor
factor
Measured
power
= indicated
value
(dBµV)
dB
Measured power = indicated
value
(dBµV)=+voltage
correctiondBµV
factoracross
dB 50Ω - 17dB
Power
in dBpW
Power
in dBpW
= voltage in in
dBµV across
50Ω - 17dB
Power in dBpW = voltage in dBµV across 50Ω - 17dB
40
measurement
amateur
1.8-2M
0 17 17
-2 15 15
antenna
antenna
L
receiver
coupling and decoupling may be
separate or combined
Z CM = 150
controlled
external
impedance
to ground
The ISN is adapted for LCL
with Zunbal according to the
category (ISO/IEC 1 1801)
of the cable to be used
short-wave broadcasting
cordless phones
150k
60k
6
500k
HPF
CISPR 22: Telecom port testing
The basic layout for the conducted test is the same as for measuring
mains emissions
0
-2
L
both polarisations tested
both polarisations tested
rotate to maximise level
rotate to maximise level
Antenna Factors
Applying 230V 50Hz ac across approximately 12µF creates around 0.9A of earth current,
continuously while the LISN is connected: a LISN cannot be used with an earth leakage protected supply
aero, maritime & land mobile and fixed
1.6M
15
Warning: high circulating currents - ensure a positive connection to safety earth!
Test setups
+2 +2 19 19
external limiter
CFL 9206
HF
amateur
long-wave broadcasting
17
50Ω
Impedance is measured from each phase to earth
50Ω/50µH type is used for most purposes
50Ω/5µH type is used for high currents and automotive
aero nav NDB
coastal radio telegraph
radio navigation
Omega 10 - 13k
SF=standard frequency & time
60kHz MSF
aircraft power
0
d+2m
EUT
measurement distance L = 3 or 10m
measurement distance L = 3 or 10m
+4 +4 21 21
short, direct strap to
ground reference plane
9kHz high pass filter
advisable but not mandatory
30MHz
10MHz
19
d+2m
Record
level,
frequency
and polarization of the six
polarization
and
turntable
rotation
highest
measurements
of those disturbances
Record
level, frequency
and polarization
of the six
greater
than (Limitof–those
20dB)disturbances
highest
measurements
greater than (Limit – 20dB)
E
50Ω
E
100kHz
Equipment
under test
5Ω
10Ω
150kHz
1
10kHz
L
0.25µF
8µF
21
+2
-2
N
50µH
250µH
Radiated emissions test setup
Radiated
emissions
test22
setup
according
to CISPR
according to CISPR 22
Typical calibration curve
+4
EUT
to mains
to mains
supplyor
or Method: select frequencies to be measured, at each
supply
frequency
find maximum
with
respect to
other Method:
select frequencies
to be
measured,
atheight
each scan,
other
polarization
and turntable
rotation
termination
frequency
find maximum
with respect
to height scan,
termination
to mains
raceway
supply or
racewayfor
forclamp
clamp
raceway for clamp
other auxiliary
auxiliary
cable
measuring
termination
cableunder
undertest
test
measuring
auxiliary
clamp
non-conducting
table
clamp
cable under test
clamp
non-conducting
table measuring
clamp
clamp
or
non-conducting table
or ferrites
ferrites
clamp
or ferrites
0.4m
minmin
(CISPR
14-1)
0.4m
(CISPR
14-1)
0.4m min (CISPR 14-1)
0.8m
minmin
(CISPR
16-2-2)
0.8m
(CISPR
16-2-2)
0.8m min (CISPR 16-2-2)
ISN
N
to spectrum analyser
or test receiver
Site must meet the normalised site attenuation requirements
of CISPR
16-1-4
(see below)
Site must
meet the
normalised
site attenuation requirements
Alternative
test sites
(e.g. semi-anechoic chambers)
of CISPR
16-1-4 (see
below)
can be
used
if they
the ±4dB NSA
requirement
Alternative
test
sites
(e.g. meet
semi-anechoic
chambers)
five
points
can beover
used
if they
meet the ±4dB NSA requirement
over five points
area free of reflecting objects
to spectrum analyser
to spectrum analyser
area free of reflecting objects
or test receiver
or test receiver
EUT
EUT
EUT
network duplicated for each phase and/or neutral
±20% tolerance
medium-wave broadcasting
mains power
bonded to ground
reference plane *
50Ω/50µH + 5Ω LISN circuit
according to CISPR 16-1-2
LISN impedance
according to CISPR 16-1-2
MF
induction heating, mains signalling communication and control, induction loop systems, metal detectors
It follows the ITU Region 1 allocations (Europe, Middle East, Africa
and CIS); other ITU Regions may have different allocations
secondary
AMN/LISN
Conducted emissions test layout for tabletop equipment according to CISPR 22
NB differences
in detector type
and measurement
distance
LF
(5m + clamp length) min
(5m + clamp length) min
(5m +varied
clampfor
length)
min reading
distance
maximum
distance varied for maximum reading
distance varied for maximum reading
** rules apply for system EUTs with multiple mains cables: each cable
terminated in a standard plug or not connected via a host unit is tested separately
CISPR Band B
ELF
This display of the electromagnetic spectrum lists the main services
in the UK according to the UK Frequency Allocation Table 2002
Lead to be
Standard open area test site (OATS)
Standard open area test site (OATS)
measured
2 or 3 ferrite rings
ferrite rings
2 or 3 ferrite rings
ferrite rings
2 or 3common
ferrite rings
mode
(interference current absorbers)
ferrite rings
common mode
(interference current absorbers)
interference
current
common mode
current absorbers)
interference (interference
current
interference current
Ground reference plane(s) at least 2m x 2m, and at least
0.5m beyond the projection of the test arrangement
* LISNs may alternatively be bonded to vertical plane
to spectrum
to spectrum
analyser
or
analyser
or
test
receiver
test receiver
Lead to be
Lead to be
measured
measured
Absorbing clamp test setup
40cm to vertical
reference plane
bonded to ground
reference plane * HORIZONTAL GROUND REFERENCE PLANE
-20
CISPR Band A
> 80cm
EUT
associated
equipment
cables bundled to hang
> 40cm above horizontal plane
and run 40cm from vertical plane
I/O cable
> 40cm
for external
connection
10
H-field dBµA/m can be converted
to E-field dBµV/m using a far field
assumption by adding a factor of
80cm to
ground
reference
plane
unconnected
cable
to receiver or
spectrum analyser
via limiter
Power in dBW
dBV
60
µgauss
31.6
600
-138
-128
-118
-108
-98
-88
-78
-68
-58
-48
-38
-28
-18
-8
2
rear of EUT to be flush
with rear of table top
at least 80cm between
closest point of LISN
and boundary of EUT
Common suffixes
Power in dBm for impedance ZΩ
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
3.162 . 105
106
32.5 - 3.5 – 2.5 + 46.0 = 72.5dBµV = 12.5dBmV = 4.2mV
40
10kHz
70
mA/m
90
691-003A
into an amplifier of gain 200 (46dB) will result in an output of:
=
For dwell time of 5 time constants, half-bandwidth frequency spacing
Radiated test setup
ferrite rings (sheath surface current absorbers)
ferrite rings (sheath surface current absorbers)
ferrite rings (sheath surface current absorbers)
Current
Current
transformer
to spectrum
Current
transformer
analyser or
transformer
EUT
test receiver
EUT
non-conductive table
All trademarks recognised.
transducer with conversion factor 0.67 (–3.5dB) and a cable with attenuation loss 0.75 (-2.5dB)
50
mV/m
50
dBµV at telecom port, 150Ω ISN
-41.5
dBµV at mains port, 50Ω/50µH LISN
3.162
96 – 50dBµV
0.0059
IEC 60945
58.8
90dBµV
– 80dBµV
0.0033
10
25
10
are transformed into simple additions. For example, a signal of 42µV (32.5dBµV) fed via a
120
110dBµV
0.0047
150kHz
-46.5
33.1
50kHz
1.78
5
0.00265
picoTesla
9kHz
-51.5
picogauss
EN 55015
EN 55011
Ind. cookers
1.0
0
µA/m
7.943
130
Frequency
dBµA/m
2.818
140
Low frequency extensions
µV/m
9
Emissions Limits: Limit values for the common commercial standards
Field strength conversion table
dBµV/m
6.310
95
To be entered
Calculated
Electric field strength
2.512
10cm
hospital pagers 31.75M
0.10
4.00
0.30
0.10
-1.001
0.33
0.33
8
Absorbing clamp construction
VERTICAL GROUND REFERENCE PLANE
hand-operated devices
placed as for normal
useage
© 2006 Teseq
Specifications subject to change
without notice.
Expressing values in dB means that multiplicative operations (such as attenuation and gain)
Vout
300kHz
1.67 · 107
Absorbing clamp setup
Conducted test setup and LISN
Teseq AG
Teseq AG
Teseq AG
log-1 (dBV/20) volts
log-1 (dBA/20) amps
log-1 (dBW/10) watts
peak limits
20dB higher
Receiver contributions
Receiver sinewave accuracy
Receiver pulse amplitude
Receiver pulse repetition rate
Receiver indication
Noise floor proximity
Antenna contributions
Antenna factor calibration
AF frequency interpolation
Antenna directivity
Antenna phase centre variation
AF height deviation
Cross-polarisation
Balance
Other contributions
Cable loss calibration
Site imperfections
Measurement distance variation
Table height variation
Mismatch
Receiver VRC
Antenna VRC
9kHz
1.25 · 106
CISPR 16 measuring receivers.
Teseq AG
Nordstrasse 11F
4542 Luterbach
Switzerland
Tel: +41 (0)32 681 40 40
Fax: +41 (0)32 681 40 48
Actual voltage, current or power can be derived from the antilog of the dB value:
5.012
200Hz
1.89.104
for measuring EMI in the frequency range 9kHz to 1GHz. All commercial standards refer to
90 + 10 log (Z) + P(dBm)
E field, dBµV/m, normalised (1/d) to 10m
Contribution
2
2.239
=
120kHz
1ms
550ms
43.5dB
74 mins
methods – measuring apparatus”, specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment
(dBpW on leads, using absorbing clamp, CISPR 13/14-1)
Radiated Disturbance
on EMC measurement uncertainty.
V(dBµV)
9kHz
1ms
160ms
30dB
89 mins
dB
4.0dB
200Hz
45ms
500ms
24dB
64 mins
IEC/CISPR 16-1-1, “Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
3G
10cm
4.8G
aero
MLS
5.1G
4G
8
doppler radar
satellite uplinks
5.85G
7G
ISM, RTTT
5.8G
6G
6
8G
4
EHF
radar
radar
DBS
HIPERLAN 17.2G
9 - 150kHz
detail and UKAS publication LAB 34 for more guidance
1
aero weather
radar 9.375G
Conducted disturbance
radiated test with a vertically polarised log periodic
antenna at 3m. See CISPR 16-4-1 and 16-4-2 for more
Bandwidth
τ /τ
D C
Conversion between voltage in dBµV and power in dBm for a given impedance Z ohms is
indicates how this was derived as an example for the
FREQUENCY RANGE
0.15 to 30MHz
30 to 1000MHz
Peak
20 log (V1/V2) or 20 log (I1/I2)
HIPERLAN 5.2G
1.122
=
satellite-mobile downlinks 1530-1559M
GPS 1575.4M
mobile-satellite uplinks 1626-1660M
PCN/GSM mobile-base 1720-1785M
PCN/GSM base-mobile 1815-1880M
DECT cordless phones 1880-1900M
UMTS (3G) 1920-1980 uplink
UMTS (3G) 2110-2170 downlink
ISM, microwave ovens, tags,
wireless LANs, Bluetooth 2450M
1.059
dB
GPS1227.6M
0.5
The table to the right gives UCISPR, and that below
constant impedance is given by
ATC SSR transponders 1030,1090M
1.000
UCISPR
radio mics 854-860M
CT2/CAI cordless phones 864-868M
1.000
Measurement
Bandwidth
Charge time
Discharge time
Overload factor
Sweep duration1
Good shielding, filtering, layout and grounding help, but can never be perfect, so testing is always needed
ET ACS mobile-base 872-890M
GSM mobile-base 890-915M
ET ACS base-mobile 917-935M
GSM base-mobile 935-960M
0
and compared to the limit as before.
RF emission testing
Power is proportional to voltage squared, hence the ratio of voltages or currents across a
Correction
factor
dB
Correction
Insertion
factor
dB
loss
dB
Insertion
loss dB
0.501
10 log (P1/P2)
TETRA 380-400M
TETRA 410-430M
short range devices 433.92M
2-way radios (license-free) 446M
wide area pagers 454-454.8M
SRDs & local pagers 458.5-459.5M
telemetry 463-464M
0.708
=
Correction
factor dB
Insertion
loss dB
-3
dB
aero ILS glide path 329-335M
0.251
If ULAB is greater than UCISPR, then the measurements are increased by a factor (ULAB — UCISPR)
EPIRBs 243M
0.1
0.501
Digital audio broadcast 217-230M
0.3162
-6
ERMES pagers 169.4-169.8M
radio mics 173-175M
-10
aero nav + ILS localizer 108-118M
aero comm 118-136M
(EPIRBs121.5M)
pagers 138M
pagers 153-153.5M
maritime distress 156.8M
the product does not comply if any measurement exceeds the limit.
aero ILS marker beacon 75M

9 to 150kHz
Quasi - Peak
VN and IN create radiated E and H fields which travel away from their source (A)
Internal circuit operation creates noise voltages V N and currents IN within the circuit and chassis structure:
Noise
voltages
appear
on mains
signal
cable ports
and
causeelectro-mechanical
common-mode currents
(on all
sources
includealso
SMPS,
HF clocks
andand
digital
operation,
video
signals,
switching
wires together) which radiate directly from the cables (AB), (AC)
VN and IN create radiated E and H fields which travel away from their source (A)
At lower frequencies these currents radiate more effectively from long cables, and so measurement of
Noise voltages
also appear
signal cable ports and cause common-mode currents (on all
voltage
(B) or current
(C) onon
themains
cableand
is easier
wires together) which radiate directly from the cables (AB), (AC)
All conducting parts (PCB, wires and chassis) of the product contribute to the process, and common mode
At lower
currents radiate more effectively from long cables, and so measurement of
paths
arefrequencies
usually the these
most important
voltage (B) or current (C) on the cable is easier
Good shielding, filtering, layout and grounding help, but can never be perfect, so testing is always needed
All conducting parts (PCB, wires and chassis) of the product contribute to the process, and common mode
paths are usually the most important
model aircraft 35.1M
cordless audio 37M
ISM 40.68M
vehicle & security alarms 47.3M
CT1 cordless phones 47.45-47.54M
radio mics 48.4-48.5M
on-site pagers 49-49.5M
radio mics 52.85-52.95M
-20
40cm
the product complies if no measurement exceeds the limit;
> 80cm

unitless. If the ratio is referred to a specific quantity this is indicated by a suffix, e.g. dBµV is
Parameter
Internal circuit operation creates noise voltages V N and currents IN within the circuit and chassis structure:
sources include SMPS, HF clocks and digital operation, video signals, electro-mechanical switching
1 of a series of wallchart guides
Impedance Ω
dB
test and how to use it. If the laboratory’s calculated uncertainty ULAB is less than or equal to UCISPR as given below, then:
E & OE: Whilst great care has been taken in preparing this data, Teseq AG cannot be responsible in any way for any errors or omissions.
Standards are subject to change and it is strongly recommended that before any tests are carried out, the latest issue of the standard is obtained from the relevant standards body.
CISPR16-4-2: 2003, Uncertainty in EMC measurements, specifies how to calculate the uncertainty budget for an emissions
www.teseq.com
Measurement uncertainty CISPR 16-4-2
In the far field, with Zο = 377Ω
Scope and required tests and equipment for the common commercial standards
Standards

11.7G 12.5G
fixed radio
access
10.1–10.6G
10GHz
satellite
satellite
radio astronomy
oxygen resonance Road Transport &
Traffic Telematics
(RTTT) 76-77G
water vapour resonance
ISM
24.125G
20G
2
microwave spectroscopy
30G
1cm
40G
8
60G
6
80G
4
100GHz
200G
2
300G
1mm