Attention turns to wire 2020 and Düsseldorf
With the seasonal festivities now out of the way, it is time to
look ahead to the new year and all that it brings – including
wire Düsseldorf.
The most influential exhibition in the wire and cable industry
is now just a matter of weeks away, with more than 42,000
trade visitors expected to head to the Fairgrounds in
Germany’s sixth largest city.
There they will meet up with more than 1,400 exhibitors to
learn of new technologies and the latest trends from the
industry.
Suppliers and buyers from around the world and from all
sectors of the industry will converge at the side of the River
Rhine for the week-long exhibition.
Our coverage starts on page 85 with the current list of
exhibitors.
You will also be able to collect your free copies of EuroWire
and Wire & Cable ASIA from our stand in the wire halls, 11D26,
and from the new Hall 1, stand FO01. Sister publications Tube
& Pipe Technology and Tube Products INTERNATIONAL will also
be available from the Hall 1 stand, and from E44 in Hall 4.
This issue of EuroWire also includes a new section –
EuroFasteners. Covering the whole fasteners and springs
industry, from machinery manufacture to the end products,
the section is highlighted by its own covers and features
industry news, products and manufacturing technology.
Turn to page 65 for more details.
We look forward to meeting up
with many of you in Düsseldorf.
David Bell
Editor
Publishing Team
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4
January 2020
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Contents
January 2020
(Photos courtesy: Messe Düsseldorf/Constanze Tillmann)
Regulars
Market News
8
Diary of events
9
Corporate News
Deutsch Inhalt
99 Neuigkeiten
124 Inserentenverzeichnis
30
Transatlantic Cable
38
Technology News
65
EuroFasteners
85
wire 2020 Preview
124 Editorial Index
124 Advertisers’ Index
6
Содержание на русском языке
104 Ηοвости рьінка
124 Перечень рекламодателей
Sommaire Français
109 Nouvelles du Marché
124 Index des Annonceurs
Indice Italiano
114 Notizie del Mercato
124 Indice degli Inserzionisti
Indice Español
119 Noticias de Mercado
124 Indice de Anunciadores
Next Issue
Subscribe Now!
Getting Technical
Fibre Optic Strain
Gauge Using
Pseudorandom Code
Interrogation
Features
wire 2020 show issue
Visit us online at:
www.read-eurowire.com
EuroFasteners
Technical Articles
96
Cables in Wet Environments
By Brian Marchant, Berk-Tek
LLC, New Holland, Pennsylvania,
USA
111 Câbles en environnements humides
Par Brian Marchant, Berk-Tek LLC,
New Holland, Pennsylvania,
États-Unis
101 Kabel in nassen Umgebungen
von Brian Marchant, Berk-Tek
LLC, New Holland, Pennsylvania,
USA
116 Cavi in ambienti umidi
A cura di Brian Marchant,
Berk-Tek LLC, New Holland,
Pennsylvania, Stati Uniti
106 Кабели во влажных средах
Брайан Марчант, Berk-Tek LLC,
Нью Холланд, Пенсильвания,
США
121 Cables en ambientes mojados
Por Brian Marchant, Berk-Tek LLC,
New Holland, Pensilvania,
EE.UU.
7
wire 2020
30 March - 3 April:
wire 2020 – trade exhibition – Düsseldorf, Germany
Organisers: Messe Düsseldorf GmbH
Fax: +49 211 4560 668
Email: wire@messe-duesseldorf.de
Website: www.wire.de
Dates for your
diary. . .
2020
April
20–24 April:
MACH – trade exhibition –
Birmingham,UK
Organisers:
MTA (Manufacturing
Technologies Association)
Email: mach@mta.org.uk
Website: www.machexhibition.com
June
2–4 June:
Wire Expo – trade exhibition and
conference –
Uncasville, Connecticut, USA
Organisers:
Wire Association International
Fax: +1 203 453 8384
Email: sales@wirenet.org
Website: www.wirenet.org
17–20 June 20 –
Korea Metal Week –
trade exhibition –
Seoul, South Korea
Organisers:
KT Fairs
Fax: +82 02 784 6810
Email: master1@ktfairs.com
Website: www.korea-metal.com
September
23–26 September:
wire China – trade exhibition –
Shanghai, China
Organisers:
SECRI and Messe Düsseldorf
(Shanghai) Co Ltd
Fax: +86 216 169 8301
Email: shanghai@mdc.com.cn
Website: www.wirechina.net
October
11–14 October:
IWCS – technical symposium –
Providence, Rhode Island, USA
Organisers:
IWCS
Tel: +1 717 993 9500
Website: www.iwcs.org
(photo courtesy: Messe Düsseldorf/ctillmann)
8
January 2020
Corporate News
▲▲ The BWE SheathEx 400
First SheathEx 400 is
installed in Russia
BWE has installed and commissioned the first SheathEx™ 400
machine in Russia.
Rybinskkabel LLC, established in 1949, is a major supplier
of cable products in Russia. BWE worked with the company
to develop a new cable application for BWE’s SheathEx
technology.
Following the success of the larger 550 model for ‘seamless’
corrugated aluminium sheathing of high-voltage cables,
Rybinskkabel had a new application for the smaller 400 model.
www.read-eurowire.com
An oil-impregnated cable is fed directly into the SheathEx 400
machine. A seamless and smooth aluminium sheath is extruded
from 2 x 9.5mm Ø aluminium rods, directly onto the cable. The
aluminium sheath is immediately cooled without any cable burn,
then automatically coiled onto a large cable drum.
The machine was installed and commissioned in record time
and BWE continues to work with Rybinskkabel to enhance and
optimise the technology.
BWE Ltdwww.bwe.co.uk
January 2020
9
Corporate News
Quality control in cable extrusion, optical fibre
drawing and plastic pellet inspection
SIKORA is a manufacturer and supplier of online measuring,
control, inspection, analysis and sorting technologies for the
wire and cable, optical fibre, hose and tube, sheets, metals and
plastics industries. Its technology is used for increasing quality,
process optimisation and efficiency in manufacturing.
At wire 2020, Sikora will present laser and X-ray technologies
that precisely and reliably measure product parameters such as
diameter, ovality, wall thickness and concentricity.
The company’s product portfolio includes spark testers for the
detection of insulation faults, lump detectors for the detection
of faults on the product surface, capacity measuring systems,
and devices for conductor preheating and temperature
measurement/control. Systems for online and offline inspection,
sorting and analysis of raw material, eg for the insulation of
high-voltage cables, round off the product range.
With the X-ray-based X-Ray 8000 Advanced, Sikora will showcase
at wire 2020 the High-Speed Technology (HST) that is tailored to
the demands of MV, HV and EHV cable production. It represents
an advanced alternative to the X-Ray 8000 NXT.
The system is equipped with 16 measuring sensors and
measures the diameter, wall thickness and eccentricity of cables
in CV lines up to ten times faster than the X-Ray 8000 NXT, for
more efficient control and information transparency in terms of
Industry 4.0.
10
January 2020
With the Fiber Series 6000, Sikora will present a wide range
of measuring systems for quality control of optical fibres at
different positions in the drawing tower. The range consists of
systems for the measurement of the diameter and the position
of the naked and coated fibre, as well as for the determination of
the tension and detection of airlines.
Further gauge heads measure the fibre temperature at the hot
position, to determine the fibre temperature for the control of
the furnace, and at the cold end, to exactly dose the helium used
for the cooling. In addition, a gauge head is available for the
determination of the concentricity of the coating as well as for
the detection of lumps on the surface of the coated fibre.
At wire 2020, Sikora will also exhibit systems for plastic material
inspection. The Purity Scanner is an online inspection and
sorting system based on X-ray and optical technologies.
Contamination inside the pellets as well as on their surface is
detected and automatically sorted out.
The Purity Concept X is an offline inspection and analysis
system, based on X-ray technology. It detects and analyses
contamination both on the surface and inside transparent,
translucent and coloured plastic material.
Sikora will be exhibiting at wire 2020 in Hall 9, on Stand A41.
Sikora AG
www.sikora.net
www.read-eurowire.com
Supermac enters strategic partnership with German Companies
– M/S Scholz to cover CCV Lines and M/S Rubicon to cover Rubber
Extrusion Lines in India, Africa and Far East markets.
Supermac Industries, established in the year 1974, is a leader
in manufacturing high-end systems and process technology
for wire & cable in the power and telecom sector and related
industries. The ISO 9001 certified company specializes in
offering customized and tailor-made solutions to fulfil specific
needs of a variety of customers all across the globe.
With a highly skilled design team, with the best of manufacturing
and highly talented commissioning team, and trained experts
in cable processes and technology, we offer design to process
expertise to bring in the best product for you.
Rubicon/Supermac Silicone and Rubber Cable Co Extruder
The company has established one unit in New Delhi and two units in Manesar, Haryana. The combined area
of Supermac manufacturing units adds up to 95000 Sq. ft. The state-of-the-art facilities are equipped with
international and domestic machinery to carry out the process of manufacturing as per the customer's
requirements. Supermac has recently had its products approved for CE Mark, enabling export to the
European market.
Supermac has received repeat orders from domestic and international markets: DUBAI, ABU
DHABI, SHARJAH, RAS AL KHAIMAH, OMAN, NIGERIA, UGANDA, KENYA, BANGLADESH, SRI
LANKA, SAUDI ARABIA, DOHA QATAR, EGYPT, LEBANON, JORDAN, MALAYSIA and PHILIPPINES.
Supermac is now endeavoring to expand its presence to NORTH & SOUTH AMERICA, EUROPE, and
CIS COUNTRIES & RUSSIA.
Supermac specialises in the following areas:
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
State-of-the-art CCV Line with Scholz Vulcanisation system for Power
Cables up to 132 KV XLPE and 33 KV for Rubber
Proven Triple Extrusion Line for SIOPLAS (XLPE) cables
High-speed Insulation Line and Sheathing Line for House Wiring &
Control Cables and medical equipment sector
High output and best in class Insulation Line and Sheathing Line for
Power Cables
HCV Rubber insulation and sheathing line
Hybrid and composite CCV lines for both XLPE and Rubber
Rubicon make Rubber extruders for Insulation and sheathing materials
Silicone extrusion lines with infrared vulcanisation system
Extruders for variety of applications – up to 175 mm
Cross-Head Single/Dual/Triple
Haul-Off Caterpillar
Capstan
Take-up and pay-off of all types and sizes and as per requirement
above 4.5 meters and 40 MT
Supermac Scholz CCV 132 KV Line
SUPERMAC INDUSTRIES (INDIA) LIMITED
OFFICE:
A-28 & 29, NARAINA Industrial Area
Phase-1, New Delhi-110028, INDIA
Ph.: +91-11-45574317
E-mail: office@supermacindia.com
UNIT-I:
Plot No-2, Sector-6, IMT Manesar,
Gurgaon Haryana, INDIA
Ph.: +91-0124-4690500 | Fax: +91-0124-4690501
E-mail: jasvinder@supermacindia.com, vkohli123@gmail.com
www.supermacindia.com
UNIT-II:
Plot No. 18-19, Sector-2A, IMT Manesar,
Gurgaon, Haryana, INDIA
Corporate News
Teknor Apex appoints new president
process engineer in 1987 after receiving
his MSc degree in polymer engineering
from the University of Akron.
TEKNOR Apex Company has appointed
Suresh Swaminathan as its new president.
He succeeds William J Murray, who is
retiring after 41 years with the company.
He subsequently served as a technical
manager, then as a plant manager,
before taking on business development
responsibilities for the company’s TPE
products.
Mr Swaminathan will be responsible
for the company’s worldwide custom
compounding business. Teknor Apex
operates
thirteen
manufacturing
facilities in the USA, Europe and Asia,
and produces flexible and rigid vinyl,
TPEs, nylons and other engineering
thermoplastics, colour masterbatches and
speciality chemicals.
“In 32 years with Teknor Apex, Suresh has
gained wide experience in technology,
manufacturing, sales and business
management, and he has played
an important role in our worldwide
expansion,” said Jonathan D Fain, CEO
and chairman of the board. “Under his
leadership, Teknor Apex will continue to
strengthen its commitment to innovation,
global growth and localised service to
customers.”
Eventually he took charge of the TPE
business and was instrumental in making
it a global enterprise, playing key roles in
three acquisitions.
Upon promotion to senior vice president,
he took on leadership of the colour
masterbatch business as well as TPE.
In 2018 he became executive vice
president, continuing to oversee the TPE
and colour businesses while supervising
all operations in Europe and Asia.
▲▲ Suresh Swaminathan, Teknor Apex’s new president
Mr Swaminathan joined Teknor Apex as a
Teknor Apex Company
www.teknorapex.com
TURN TO PAGE 85 FOR THE WIRE DÜSSELDORF EXHIBITOR LISTING
12
January 2020
www.read-eurowire.com
Corporate News
IWCS 2019 focused on the future
THE IWCS 2019 International Cable & Connectivity Symposium
welcomed attendees to the annual conference in Charlotte,
North Carolina, USA, at the end of September.
“In spite of international macroeconomic and geopolitical
challenges, we overcame them and were more than pleased
with our symposium in Charlotte,” said IWCS chairman Scott H
Wasserman, PhD, of Dow, Inc.
“Vital advances in our industry on the horizon, such as 5G
networking, systems and cable innovation, along with the
requisite need for new materials to enable them, demand a
forum for us to discuss that technology.
“IWCS remains the premier global technical forum for open
discussion and collaboration that will fuel our industry into the
future.”
The executive session included CRU’s Richard Mack providing an
overview of the global markets for metallic wire and cable as well
as optical fibre markets.
Michael Finch, also of CRU International, discussed optical cable
markets and trends in broadband network construction, and
Robert Fry, of Robert Fry Economics, LLC, gave a global economic
outlook.
Robert Canny, of Marmon Wire and Cable Group, led the
Executive Panel Session, which was a lively, informative
discussion on the topic “CTO Crystal Ball – Telecommunications
in 2025 and Beyond”.
14
January 2020
Panellists included Morgan Kurk of CommScope, Claudio Mazzali
of Corning, and Srini Siripurapu of the Prysmian Group.
Mr Kurk was also the plenary keynote speaker, presenting “Our
Future Connected World: Network Architecture to Support 5G
and Data Traffic Growth”, and discussing topics such as artificial
intelligence, robotics, automation and Industry 4.0.
The event featured 110 unique presentations over the four days
of the symposium, along with eight professional development
courses led by industry experts. Presenters and attendees
came from 27 countries, with 80 per cent of attendees from the
Americas, and Europe and Asia each contributing 10 per cent.
Technical session topics included materials; reliability and
network management; data centre and central office; multimode
fibre; advancing power and data transmission over copper;
special applications; optical fibre design and ultra low loss; codes
and standards; and advances in optical connectivity.
One paper this year was written and presented by students
from the University of North Carolina, which fitted in well with
the IWCS emphasis on encouraging and supporting the next
generation to enter the industry. This paper will be featured as a
technical article in the March issue of EuroWire.
The IWCS 2020 Cable & Connectivity Symposium will be held in
Providence, Rhode Island, USA, from 11 to 14 October, 2020.
IWCS, Inc
www.iwcs.org
www.read-eurowire.com
Corporate News
Stable investment climate at wire South America
FROM 1 to 3 October 2019, the Expo
Exhibition & Convention Center in São
Paulo, Brazil, served as a meeting place
for regional and international industry
experts from the wire, cable and pipe
industries. 186 exhibitors at the trade
fairs wire South America and Tubotech
presented
innovative
machinery,
equipment and services on approximately
5,000m2 of exhibition space.
The new exhibition hall 1, which is more
conveniently accessible thanks to its
central location, was occupied for the first
time.
Technology highlights from the fields
of
metalworking
and
processing,
welding technology and the wire and
cable industry were presented, along
with trends and technologies from
tube production, tube finishing, tube
processing, tube accessories and tube
trading.
The interest of national and international
companies to position themselves in
South America and to invest in the
corresponding machinery and equipment
appears to be high, even in the face of
difficult economic conditions on the
South American continent.
A total of 106 companies from 15
countries presented themselves at wire
South America 2019, while the parallel
Tubotech trade fair for tubes attracted 80
exhibitors from 11 countries.
For the third time there was a German
joint participation for the wire and
cable segments. Ten companies took
this opportunity to demonstrate their
expertise in Brazil.
Over the three days of the trade fairs
just under 13,000 trade visitors went São
Paulo; 95 per cent of these were from
Brazil, with the rest from neighbouring
www.read-eurowire.com
▲▲ Nearly 13,000 people visited the trade fairs in São Paulo
countries such as Chile, Colombia,
Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Mexico,
Peru and Uruguay, as well as from India,
Canada and China.
The products exhibited at the two trade
fairs are indispensable, especially in
the fields of infrastructure, energy and
automotive technology and agriculture.
Trade visitors came primarily from
the oil and gas sector, the automotive
industry, the construction sector, metal
construction and mining.
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH
www.wire-south-america.com
New market development hire at ECC
ELECTRIC Cable Compounds (ECC), based in Connecticut, USA, has announced the
addition of Jessica Foss to its commercial team.
Ms Foss joins as market development manager. Her responsibilities will include
promotion and consultative selling of ECC’s products and services to both current and
prospective customers, nationally and internationally.
Before joining ECC, Ms Foss served as account manager for Colorant Chromatics, a
PolyOne company, and previously held sales and marketing positions at T&T Marketing,
Inc (now M Holland). She has eight years of experience in the wire and cable industry
and is a member of WAI’s New England chapter board of directors.
Electric Cable Compounds, Inc
www.electriccablecompounds.com
January 2020
15
Corporate News
Repsol markets its first certified circular
polyolefins
REPSOL has achieved a milestone in
its commitment to boost the circular
economy, with its pioneering work
in the production of certified circular
polyolefins, which use plastic waste as
raw material.
In 2015, Repsol experimentally began to
feed oil from chemically recycled plastic
waste, leading the implementation of
plastic waste chemical recycling on an
industrial scale.
The company has obtained ISCC
Plus certification for its complex in
Puertollano, Spain, for the first tons
of circular polyethylene and polypropylene that are already commercially
available to customers in Europe.
Repsol’s circular polyolefins are produced by feeding, as an alternative
raw material, oils obtained from
plastic waste that is not suitable for
mechanical recycling and would
otherwise go to landfill.
This new raw material is fed alongside
conventional raw material at the
refinery, reducing the consumption of
non-renewable resources.
With ISCC Plus certification, Repsol can
allocate these savings on a specific
share to the polyolefins produced in the
complex.
The certified
traceability of
at the source,
quality and
polyolefins.
materials ensure the
the plastic waste used
while offering the same
functionality as virgin
Repsol
www.repsol.com
New EU HQ and
warehouse for Proton
Products Europe
In spring 2020, Proton Products
will celebrate its first 20 years in the
industry.
The company made a multi-millioneuro investment with its recently
completed
purpose-built
European
headquarters in Belgium, with warehousing and training facilities, that
will allow it to improve logistics and
customer services and accommodate
more staff.
Proton has grown into a supplier for
on-line instrumentation and process
machinery for the wire and cable
industries.
Proton Products Europe director Danny
Buelens said, “These modern facilities
underline our commitment as an
Industry 4.0 company. They will support
our further growth into the industries
we serve. Here we will accommodate
and retain more young professionals to
develop the Proton brand and reputation
for many years to come.”
Proton Products Europe NV
www.protonproducts.eu
16
January 2020
www.read-eurowire.com
Corporate News
Technical conference advanced discussions on
latest industry trends
THE Wire Association International (WAI) Inc and the Italian
Machinery Manufacturers Association (ACIMAF) concluded their
jointly organised conference in Verona, Italy, in October.
The Wire & Cable Verona event was envisioned as a “technical
conference of collaboration and innovation”, intended to serve
as a venue to further industry knowledge and foster discussions
between manufacturers and suppliers.
235 industry professionals participated in the conference, which
included presentations, tabletop exhibits, a gala dinner and two
plant tours. The technical programme featured 11 ferrous and
nine non-ferrous presentations by speakers representing nine
countries. 32 companies presented products and services at a
tabletop exhibit adjacent to the conference rooms.
ACIMAF president Ferruccio Bellina began the event by
observing that the global economy remains delicate, and
that times are challenging for many industrial sectors: “It
is our conviction that these moments require even greater
commitment than periods of positive economic growth and that
this commitment must be deployed in all the components of the
company’s activity, from research and product development,
to quality controls, to sales strategies, just to mention a few
aspects.”
Mr Bellina said that Wire & Cable Verona was designed to address
such needs, so operators can access new innovative proposals
www.read-eurowire.com
and have possibilities of communication and interaction, on an
international level.
Two WAI board members in attendance shared praise of the
conference. Kurt Breischaft of SDI LaFarga said, “The Verona
event was another solid WAI-ACIMAF offering: excellent
presentations on the state of the industry, in-depth plant tours,
and many networking opportunities.
“The non-ferrous programme was well balanced with something for
copper, aluminium, plastic, equipment and the economy in general.”
Brian Burr of Sumiden Wire Products Corporation said, “The Wire
& Cable Verona Italia 2019 event was an unqualified success.
The two educational tracks addressed a wide range of technical
topics with many diving deep into the area of Industry 4.0 as well
as continuous improvement.”
Guests were given a choice between ferrous and non-ferrous
wire plant tours, to Pittini Group’s Acciaierie di Verona, and
Mondini Cavi, respectively. The gala dinner was held at the
Palazzo Verità Poeta.
Wire Association International, Inc
www.wirenet.org
Italian Wire Machinery Manufacturers Association
www.acimaf.com
January 2020
17
Corporate News
▲▲ Members of the Alloy Wire team on the shop floor
Nuclear powers Alloy Wire
expansion
SUPPLYING high-performance nickel alloy wire to fuel the growth in nuclear power is
helping a UK manufacturer to expand.
Alloy Wire International (AWI) has seen a ten per cent surge in orders for its specialist
wire, which is being used within components for the sector and critical seals and
springs found in many of the world’s largest reactors.
Employing 31 people across sites in the West Midlands and Yorkshire, the company is
on course to hit £1mn of sales for this industry for the first time in 73 years, and the
management team believes its ability to fulfil orders in three weeks is a major factor in
this increase.
Much of the nickel alloy wire in the company’s range can be treated with a special
process that can offer the critical performance required to operate in one of the most
demanding business areas.
Decalub green cleaning
TecHnOlOgieS FOcuS On:
Wire Cleaning
( for plating and high glossy finish )
“We have been supplying into this sector for a long time and our track record for
manufacturing quality is well known with customers in both the UK and overseas,”
explained Mark Venables, managing director of AWI. “The last nine months have
definitely been our busiest time to date and we are supplying wire that is going into
both existing plants and also new projects taking shape across the globe.”
Mr Venables continued, “Companies need to know the material they’ve ordered will
withstand harsh temperatures/corrosion and is manufactured in accordance with strict
quality controls. With the world relying on nuclear power more than ever, any type of
disruption would impact on a lot of people.”
AWI manufactures round, flat and profile wire. It has over 200 tonnes of EU/
DFARS-approved stock available at any time, with its 60-strong range including Inconel
600, Inconel 718, Inconel 750, Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90 – all materials suited to
nuclear applications.
The firm’s Emergency Manufacturing Service, which involves wire being produced and
delivered within a few days, has also been in high demand – up nearly 15 per cent on
the same period last year. This underlines the fluctuating requests being placed on
spring makers supplying the nuclear sector, and the importance of being able to access
material quickly to meet sudden spikes in usage.
AWI spent in excess of £250,000 in 2019, in the acquisition of 560mm single block and
200mm multi-block drawing machines. “This has increased our capacity to be able to
take on even more nuclear work as we look to build on a record year in this sector,” said
Mr Venables.
Alloy Wire International
www.read-eurowire.com
www.alloywire.com
Wire Rod Lubrication
( for frictionless drawing )
Rod Dry Preparation
( with no speed limit )
DECALUB
31, avenue de Condé
77500 CHELLES, FRANCE
E-mail: info@decalub.com
Website: www.decalub.com
January 2020
19
Corporate News
Industrial connector wins Innovative Product
Award
THE Harting Technology Group has been
awarded the Innovative Product Award
in China, in recognition of its ix Industrial®
connector.
The award was given by the MM
modern manufacturing publication, the
counterpart to the specialist magazine
MM Maschinenmarkt.
The ix Industrial for new industrial devices
was developed in response to users,
designers and developers who wanted a
compact and rugged connector with Cat
6A performance for 1/10 Gbit/s Ethernet
on the control level.
The latest award is the fourth accolade
bestowed on the ix Industrial connector.
The Harting Technology Group states that
in presenting the ix Industrial, it is keeping
pace with the times and has created the
future miniaturised interface for Ethernet
in the industrial arena.
The award ceremony took place
in connection with the Industrial
Automation Show (IAS, Shanghai). In
line with the event’s focus on ‘Integrated
20
January 2020
Industry – Industrial Intelligence’, the
Harting portfolio showcased cloud
manufacturing and edge connectivity, as
well as solutions for the miniaturisation
trend, with the awarded ix connector
featuring as one of the highlights.
The Harting Technology Group is
a worldwide provider of industrial
connector
technology
for
data,
signals and power, and maintains 14
manufacturing locations and 44 sales
companies.
The
company
also
manufactures
electromagnetic actuators for automotive
and industrial series applications and
recharging equipment for electric
vehicles.
The portfolio includes hardware and
software for customers and applications
in
the
automation
technology,
mechanical engineering and plant
construction areas, in addition to the
robotics and transportation sectors.
Harting Stiftung & Co KG
www.harting.com
▲▲ Daniel Deng, senior product manager device
connectivity, was on location to receive the award
www.read-eurowire.com
Corporate News
Business development manager appointments
at Metalube
LUBRICANT manufacturer Metalube has appointed
Songul Facey and Adrian Day as business
development managers.
Ms Facey has nearly 20 years’ experience in the
lubricant industry and joins the company from
her home in Istanbul, Turkey. Her more recent
experience has focused on the wire drawing,
wood panel and automotive industries, but in
previous roles she has worked in the steel and iron,
automotive spare parts and fastening sectors.
Commenting on her new role, Ms Facey said, “I am
very excited to be joining Metalube. I have just
completed an MBA master’s degree, and the size
of the business, its reputation as a fast growing
and exceptionally innovative lubricant company,
combined with my own desire for a more
international role meant it was a great fit. I also
have an engineering degree and relish identifying
problems, finding solutions and improving
efficiency.”
Commercial director Douglas Hunt added, “Songul
will be a very valuable asset to the team. She is a
confident team player with fantastic leadership
and communication skills; these combined with
her engineering background make her a winning
22
January 2020
formula. We are thrilled that her move to the UK is
already proving so successful.”
The second new appointee, Mr Day, has a wealth
of experience, with more than twenty years in the
lubricant industry, including the last eight focused
on speciality lubricants used in the wire drawing,
wire rope and non-ferrous tube sectors.
Mr Hunt said, “It’s great to have Adrian on board;
he is exceptionally experienced and his friendly
and highly positive personality will fit well within
our business culture. He will be responsible for
new business development, sales and working
closely with existing clients specifically in Africa,
Australasia, China, India and Southeast Asia.”
▲▲ Songul Facey
Mr Day added, “I started my lubricant career in
1995 with Texaco Lubricants, later to be Chevron
UK. For as long as I can remember I have always
had an interest and fascination in all things
mechanical and wondered how they work or what
they do. The one thing they all have in common is
lubricants. From a Ferrari to a Royal Navy frigate
to a wire drawing machine, effective and correct
lubrication is essential.”
Metalube Ltd
www.metalube.co.uk
▲▲ Adrian Day
www.read-eurowire.com
Corporate News
Ajex & Turner success at wire Southeast Asia
AJEX & Turner has reported that it had a
successful experience at the latest wire
Southeast Asia Fair in Bangkok.
wire Southeast Asia is a leading
procurement and networking platform
that connects local and global
manufacturers, suppliers and service
providers for the wire, cable and fastener
industries, and has witnessed a growth
in numbers of exhibitors and visitors
in the last few years. Industry-focused
conferences and seminars complement
the exhibition.
Staff from Ajex & Turner met with many
old industry colleagues and customers,
and had discussions about new industry
trends and forthcoming technology.
Representatives from Prysmian and
Usha Martin were among those who
visited the company’s stand. Many
new potential customers also visited
and explained their requirements
and expectations of how to increase
production and cut costs.
Ajex & Turner showcased its upgraded
WPM_3 automatic wire sizing and
www.read-eurowire.com
▲▲ Jareeporn Ngenthaweekoon (left) and Revi Andran (right) from Prysmian were welcomed to the Ajex & Turner
stand by Jyoti Bedi and JS Gupta
polishing machine, and the TCD-11
air-cooled tungsten carbide die polishing
and re-grinding machine, with live
demonstrations of the machines.
The company’s VNT Nano PCD dies were
a centre of attraction for visitors. Offering
higher output with an additional metal
saving feature, the dies were claimed
to have been chosen by many visitors
for their future production. For complex
applications, the sector/trapezoidal dies
were also popular.
Ajex & Turner Wire Technologies
www.ajexturner.com
January 2020
25
Corporate News
Robotics presents an opportunity for cable
manufacturers
THE use of robotics in manufacturing has come some way since
the first industrial robot patent in 1954 and General Motors’ early
adoption in 1962.
Many roles in the factory environment are better suited to
robots, for example where parts are too small for human eyes, or
where workers need to be protected from high-risk tasks. Where
work is mundane or repetitive, using robots brings the added
advantage of allocating human resources to more skilled work,
such as engineering or programming.
Robots require no climate control and can operate continuously
in lights-out situations, long after human workers have gone
home. Where manufacturers have lost business due to an
inability to scale up in time to service a large contract, the use
of robotics can improve competitiveness. The rise in popularity
of robots also presents an opportunity for cable manufacturers
involved in the assembly of robotic cables.
However, robots are not cheap, and there is the added cost of
assessing the factory to identify where the use of robotics might
make the most impact. It can take several years before a return
on investment can be achieved.
What might dictate the adoption of robotics in the cable
industry is how adaptable the technology is to a linear industry.
Robotics are already well embedded in discrete industries such
as car or mobile phone manufacture. In the mobile phone
26
January 2020
▲▲ The use of robotics can improve competitiveness
industry, for example, there may be only four different SKUs
(stock keeping units) for an iPhone. For the cable industry,
however, there could be thousands of different product
iterations.
Cable and wire manufacture is rarely off-the-shelf, and there will
need to be significant advancements in robotics technology
before it can be rolled out at pace to this industry. Even then,
it is unlikely that it will fully replace the human workforce.
Implementing robotics still requires in-depth assessment and
continual review, and relies on the capability of the human
mind in anticipating issues that may lie ahead and adapting the
approach accordingly.
Cimteq Ltd
https://cimteq.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Corporate News
EAF automation revamping successfully
accomplished
AUTOMAZIONI Industriali Capitanio Srl (AIC) has completed the
revamping of EAF2 automation at Alfa Acciai in Brescia, Italy.
During the last summer shutdown, AIC commissioned the
complete revamping of the EAF2 automation at the site, with
the main target being to replace the obsolete PLC GE 90-70 and
related remote I/Os with Rockwell ControlLogix and GuardLogix
Safety PLC.
Starting with the engineering phase in March, the project was
accomplished according to the time schedule, following the
active collaboration between the customer and AIC staff, during
both the erection phase and the software tests.
The scope of supply included new PLC and safety master PLC for
automation of auxiliary items equipped with CPU 1756-L83ES;
a set of new RIO cabinets equipped with Rockwell Point I/O
for easier data collection and maintenance; and new remote
Rockwell Point I/Os installed in the existing cabinets, desk
and local stations related to EAF2. AIC also provided electrical
drawings of new equipment and an upgrade of all electrical
drawings of existing equipment; electrical installation of new
cabinets and replacement/cabling of the remote I/Os; software
PLC development based on the ControlLogix platform; upgrade
of the HMI supervision system; and turnkey commissioning of
the whole supply and assistance with the start-up.
The new automation system provides easier and safer
www.read-eurowire.com
▲▲ The technicians of AIC and Alfa Acciai on the main desk
management of all auxiliary EAF2 machines, with an effective
start-up of the melt shop; the plant completed castings during
the first day of production, to the satisfaction of both Alfa Acciai
and AIC.
AIC is a global system integrator providing advanced and
tailored automation solutions for the steel industry, with the aim
to continuously improve efficiency, competitiveness and safety
of the production processes.
Automazioni Industriali Capitanio Srl
www.aicnet.it
January 2020
27
Corporate News
Using the sun’s power
THERE are many different possibilities to
generate energy. As fossil fuels such as oil
or gas are not available indefinitely and
are becoming scarcer, renewable energies
are increasingly popular.
Solar energy offers many benefits to
its users. Natural sunlight is available
any time and anywhere, consumption
releases no climate-damaging emissions
and energy can be generated where it is
needed.
Energy losses due to long-distance
transmission are barely present in this
form of energy production. The global
expansion of solar fields has steadily
been increasing in recent years and is still
growing.
Technologies and systems that will
make the use of solar energy better,
cheaper and easier are constantly under
development.
Rosendahl is also investing in the
improvement of lines for the production
of solar cables. In particular, the
processing of new materials and more
efficient manufacturing processes must
be constantly adapted to current market
28
January 2020
▲▲ Rosendahl helps harness the power of the sun
requirements. The two most common
methods – electronic beam and Sioplas –
ensure that the chemical and mechanical
resistance of solar cables stand up to the
highest demands, in order to meet the
requirements of the current standards
and test methods EN 50618: 2014 or
TÜV2Pfg1169/08.07.
The experience and know-how in
Rosendahl production lines allow thinner
walls on solar cables; higher production
speeds; easy operation, using only one
extruder group; and shorter line length.
Rosendahl Nextrom GmbH
www.rosendahlnextrom.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Research
Material displays “weird” physics but
with superconductivity potential
Once dismissed by physicists for its “lack of interesting
properties”, the material uranium ditelluride has attracted
the attention of a team of researchers from the University
of Maryland (UMD), the US National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST), the US National High Magnetic Field
Laboratory (NHMFL) and the University of Oxford in the UK.
Two studies, published in rapid succession, detailed the
team’s findings, and their implications for future research and
development.
The team’s paper in Nature Physics reported “re-entrant
superconductivity” in uranium ditelluride, a discovery that
furthers the case for uranium ditelluride as a promising material
for use in quantum computers.
Sometimes referred to as Lazarus superconductivity, the
phenomenon occurs when a superconducting state arises,
breaks down, and then re-emerges in a material following a
change in a specific parameter – in this case, the application of a
very strong magnetic field.
“This is a very recently discovered superconductor with a host
of other unconventional behaviour, so it’s already weird,” said
Nicholas Butch, an adjunct assistant professor of physics at
UMD and a physicist at the NIST Center for Neutron Research.
“[Lazarus superconductivity] almost certainly has something to
do with the novelty of the material. There’s something different
going on in there.”
Previous research, published in Science, described finding a rare
and exotic ground state known as spin-triplet superconductivity
in uranium ditelluride. The discovery offered the first suggestion
that uranium ditelluride’s physical properties warranted
investigation.
“This is...a remarkable material, and it’s keeping us very busy,”
said Johnpierre Paglione, a professor of physics at UMD and
a co-author of the paper. “Uranium ditelluride may very well
become the ‘textbook’ spin-triplet superconductor that people
have been seeking... It could be the next strontium ruthenate
– another proposed spin-triplet superconductor that has been
studied for more than 25 years.” Superconductivity is a state in
which electrons travel through a material with perfect efficiency.
Compare this with copper – in conductivity, second only to silver
– which loses around 20 per cent of power when transmitting
over long distances.
30
January 2020
Superconductivity that resists magnetism
Strong magnetic fields destroy the superconducting state in
the vast majority of materials. In uranium ditelluride, however, a
strong magnetic field, in combination with specific experimental
conditions, caused Lazarus superconductivity to occur more
than once.
“These are probably different – quantum mechanically different
– from other superconductors that we know about,” said Mr
Butch. “Sufficiently different, I think, to expect it will take a while
to figure out what’s going on.”
With its novel physics, uranium ditelluride shows every sign of
being a topological superconductor, as are other spin-triplet
superconductors. Mr Butch added that its topological
properties suggest it could be a particularly accurate and robust
component in the quantum computers of the future.
Making history?
“The discovery of this Lazarus superconductivity at record-high
fields is likely to be among the most important discoveries to
emerge from this lab in its 25-year history,” said Greg Boebinger,
director of NHMFL.
Telecoms
Opposition to T-Mobile and Sprint
merger loses an ally
An attempt by state attorneys general to scupper T-Mobile
US Inc’s $26 billion merger with Sprint Corp lost an ally
in mid-October, when the state of Colorado abandoned the
fight.
Colorado made a deal with T-Mobile and Dish Network Corp,
which is buying assets divested from the merger, whereby Dish
pledged to bring 2,000 jobs to the state and T-Mobile pledged
to deploy the next generation of wireless 5G across much of
Colorado. Colorado’s decision closely followed Mississippi’s
announcement that it would withdraw its opposition.
Washington DC, New York, California and 13 other states were
prepared to fight the companies when the trial began in early
December, with 13 states (including Colorado) ready to support
the merger.
The two companies have agreed to divest Sprint’s prepaid
businesses to Dish, and provide access to 20,000 cell sites
www.read-eurowire.com
Image: www.bigstockphoto.com Photographer Adrian Grosu
Transatlantic
Cable
Transatlantic cable
and hundreds of retail locations, under a Justice Department
deal to win anti-trust approval for the merger. However,
New York Attorney General Letitia James said that the
agreement with Colorado will not fix the “nationwide harms”
created by the merger of the USA’s third and fourth largest
wireless carriers. “We remain committed to challenging this
merger, and have continued to develop strong evidence that it
is bad for consumers, bad for workers, and bad for innovation,”
she said.
The lawsuit against Sprint and T-Mobile, and their respective
parent companies, asserts the merger will lead to higher prices
for consumers.
Increase in global connectivity options
with a landing station first
NJFX, the only cable landing station (CLS) co-location campus in
the USA to offer Tier 3, carrier-neutral data centre capabilities, is
also the first CLS-to-CLS terrestrial interconnection, connecting
NJFX’s CLS in Wall, New Jersey, to Telxius’s CLS facilities in Virginia
Beach, Virginia.
The move is partly due to its strategic location, 64 feet above
sea level, and its Category 5 hurricane-resistant CLS campus. The
three cables it currently accesses were to be increased to four
subsea cables by the end of 2019, so exceeding 500 Terabits per
second of transmission capacity.
The Telxius communications campus at Virginia Beach provides
direct access to the two top-capacity subsea cables in the world,
MAREA and BRUSA.
www.read-eurowire.com
“We are proud to be the catalyst of the first ever CLS-to-CLS
terrestrial route,” stated Gil Santaliz, CEO for NJFX. “This is
an integral part of the shift the industry is seeing in new
infrastructure being deployed to replace the old networking
models. The total capacity of the subsea cables coming out
of these two cable landing stations is greater than all of the
capacity of the previously placed North American subsea
cables, stretching across the Atlantic, combined. Windstream
and Telxius are bilaterally leveraging each company’s routes to
address customer network diversity requirements and capacity
needs. The potential for clients is endless.”
Extending reach
“Our fibre deployment between two of the most important
cable landing stations along the east coast aligns with
Windstream’s core strategy to take our national network
global,” commented Joe Scattareggia, executive vice president,
Windstream Wholesale. “Our fibre connectivity across the US,
from Canada to Mexico, combined with our build-out at the
NJFX CLS campus in New Jersey and at the Telxius CLS campus
in Virginia Beach, offers customers the ability to leverage our
national network and go beyond.”
Windstream’s domestic network consists of 150,000 fibre route
miles connecting Tier 1, 2 and 3 cities throughout the USA.
Windstream provides high-speed connectivity directly into
NJFX CLS and Telxius CLS campuses, enabling access to multiple
subsea cable systems.
Customers can now also extend their reach, through Telxius’s
network, into South America and Europe.
January 2020
31
Transatlantic cable
Customers can access points of presence in 15 countries across
central and South America, Mexico and the Caribbean.
Unconfirmed reports suggest that GM is considering using its
Hummer brand. Mr Fiorani described Hummer as “a still strongly
recognised brand name. Putting a Hummer badge on anything
is a great idea for General Motors because half the marketing is
already paid for. Making it environmentally friendly is just icing
on the cake.”
The Telxius CLS campus in Virginia Beach includes the Telxius
facilities at the MAREA and BRUSA CLS, and connects directly to
main data centre campuses in Ashburn, Richmond and Phoenix.
General Motors’ previous entrants to the market – the electric
hybrid Chevrolet Volt and all-electric Bolt – failed to attract
enough interest to generate a profit.
Auto industry
GM’s latest programme, named BT1, includes an electric pickup
for the GMC brand and an electric SUV for Cadillac, both due in
2023.
NJFX’s CLS campus will offer access to four subsea cable
systems to Europe and South America and seven independent
US fibre-based backhaul providers.
GM eyes a move into pickups and SUVs
General Motors is said to be planning a range of premium
electric pickup trucks and sport utility vehicles.
The programme is at the centre of a $3 billion investment in
the Detroit-Hamtramck plant, and part of a wider investment
programme across GM’s US plants. The plans were revealed by
the United Auto Workers union, which has brokered a labour
deal with the company.
“It makes perfect sense to hit the high end of the market in order
to generate some revenue that might actually turn a profit,”
said Sam Fiorani, vice president of global vehicle forecasting
at Auto Forecast Solutions, who went on to suggest that GM is
following Tesla’s lead by starting in the electric vehicle sector “at
the high end”.
www.read-eurowire.com
In the meantime, GM plans to begin low-volume production of
the first BT1 model, a pickup but under a different brand, in late
2021. A performance variant of the pickup is expected in 2022,
followed by an electric SUV in 2023.
Vehicles in the BT1 series will use a new purpose-designed
electric vehicle architecture, including a ‘skateboard’ chassis that
bundles electric motor and batteries.
General Motors president Mark Reuss said in June 2019 that the
new EV architecture will be highly flexible, and adaptable to a
variety of body shapes, sizes and drive models.
Expected to achieve full production by 2024, the plant could be
shipping 80,000 vehicles a year.
Mr Fiorani anticipates that the GM electric truck will sell at over
$90,000, with other models exceeding $100,000.
January 2020
33
Transatlantic cable
GM spokeswoman Jordana Strosberg, in a statement to Reuters
[“Electric Hummer could be part of GM’s move into EV trucks”],
confirmed that the company is committed to an electric future,
but had “no additional information to provide.”
GM’s plans include a battery plant in Ohio, possibly a joint
venture and part of a further plan to invest $1.3 billion in
non-GM plants in the USA.
Other carmakers with an eye to the long-anticipated electric
pickup include Ford (planning an electric version of its
F-series pickup); the Michigan-based start-up Rivian; and
Tesla, which revealed a prototype in November 2019, as had
been expected.
But there are issues for GM to resolve. Namely, a costly strike by
48,000 United Auto Workers union members at General Motors
plants.
34
Testing times at the Nürburgring
Porsche and Tesla are vying for lap time pre-eminence as
a measure of electric four-door sports car performance,
prompting the management team at the Nürburgring to step
in with tighter rules by which a carmaker can claim a certified
lap time.
“We want to have circumstances that can be understood and
replicated,” said Nürburgring spokesman Alexander Gerhard.
Setting a new time record for four-door electric cars could
deliver a turbo-boost at a time when established sports car
developers, such as Audi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Porsche,
prepare to launch their own competition to Tesla’s Model S.
In mid-October, when the strike was a month old, analysts were
already estimating its costs to the carmaker at around $2 billion,
and production of the Chevy Blazer SUV, in Mexico, was halted
by a consequent parts shortage.
However, industry watchers are crying “foul” since a Tesla Model
S, recently said to have achieved an unofficial record lap time,
was suspected of being “heavily modified”. Stefan Baldauf, a
photographer at the circuit, said, “Aside from a roll cage and the
driver’s seat, the interior had been stripped out. The windows
were blacked out, so it was hard to tell.” The Tesla also appeared
to be using semi-slick racing tyres.
Daniel Silver, a JPMorgan economist, predicted the strike would
cut US job growth by up to 75,000 – an estimate of direct and
indirect damage to non-farm payrolls.
So the Nürburgring circuit officials are trying to standardise
speed record attempts, including specifying the track, and the
location of timing devices.
At the time of writing, the UAW and GM had achieved a
“tentative” agreement for the basis of a return to work, but
confirmation was still awaited via a workers’ vote on the
proposals.
Nürburgring hopes the new rules will help revive the circuit’s
popularity as a venue for competitive benchmarking. Only
by equitable comparison will there be any value in lap times.
As Mr Gerhard said, “We want to be a believable benchmark.”
January 2020
www.read-eurowire.com
Transatlantic cable
Metals mining
Waste rock, want not
Lithium is in high demand by the growing electric vehicle and
battery industry, but finding, extracting and processing the
reactive alkali metal brings its own problems: not simply issues
of geology and technology, but of environmental impact. In
2018, Christina Valimaki, an analyst at Elsevier, was quoted: “One
of the biggest environmental problems caused by our endless
hunger for the latest and smartest devices is a growing mineral
crisis, particularly those needed to make our batteries.”
Lithium is currently produced in South America and Australia,
both continents where water is a major issue, and lithium
extraction is a big user of water. South America’s ‘Lithium
Triangle’, covering parts of Argentina, Bolivia and Chile, is
thought to hold more than half the world’s lithium reserves
beneath its salt flats. It happens to be one of the driest places
on earth, but to extract lithium miners drill into the salt flats
and pump mineral-rich brine to the surface, where it remains
for several months while it evaporates. The resulting mix of
manganese, potassium, borax and lithium salts is filtered,
placed into another evaporation pool, and again left for several
months. It takes up to 18 months before lithium carbonate can
be extracted. It is a relatively cheap and simple process, but
water-costly. It takes approximately 500,000 gallons of water to
produce a tonne of lithium this way.
According to consultancy Cairn Energy Research Advisors, the
lithium-ion industry is expected to grow from 100GWh of annual
production in 2017 to almost 800GWh in 2027. With lithium-ion
batteries being central to cleaning up our energy act, and the
planet in general, and with lithium prices rising exponentially
(the price doubled between 2016 and 2018), projects to extract
lithium are on the increase.
It is not necessarily for reasons of ecology that the Trump
administration is keen to see home production of the
commodity, but it may have concentrated minds.
In California, Rio Tinto plc is studying ways to extract lithium
from waste rock at a mine the company controls. Rio has
produced borates in the Mojave Desert, about 120 miles north
of Los Angeles, for over a century, and as a result has decades’
worth of tailings (the industry term for rock waste). While
searching the tailings for gold the Rio team discovered a high
concentration of lithium.
It is a win-win for Rio and the industry. As Bold Baatar, Rio’s chief
executive of energy and minerals, said in a statement, “The
material being used has already been mined, so this will be a
low-energy option for the production of lithium.”
The company is investing $10 million to build a pilot plant to
extract lithium using a heat-and-leaching process. The pilot plant
will produce around ten tonnes a year, but is just a first step to a
possible 5,000 tonnes if Rio spends the estimated $50 million it
will cost to build an industrial-scale plant.
36
“Green copper” grinds to a halt
In August 2017, Nelson Pizarro, president of Chilean company
Codelco, announced a plan to sell “green copper” – a sustainable
copper cathode produced according to very strict environmental
and social considerations.
The result would be a premium-priced product that would
appeal to customers looking to reduce their carbon footprint
via more sustainable practices such as renewable energy and
recycled water.
“We have the opportunity to seize socio-environmental variables
and turn them into opportunities to create added value,” Mr
Pizarro said at the time. Codelco’s green plans also included the
construction of a desalination plant to process 630 litres per
second and supply water, at a competitive price, to mining sites
across northern Chile.
However, in October 2019 the project was wound up, after
Codelco conceded it was almost impossible to guarantee
the sustainability of “green copper” after it left the mine. The
metal would need to be driven to its market, and would likely
be melted into cathodes at a coal-powered smelter. Without
traceability, traders said, and in the absence of an approved
industry-wide methodology for sustainability, Codelco’s higher
prices were unjustifiable.
Codelco will now examine and test broader initiatives to make
its products more sustainable. If successful, industry analysts
believe, the move by such an influential mining operator could
stimulate more significant industry-wide sustainability standards
for the historically high-polluting copper mining industry.
Rachael Bartels, a senior managing director at consultancy
firm Accenture, said Codelco’s initiative is “ahead of [its] time,”
and may still be an opportunity to gain the “green” advantage.
“They may not get a premium for it, but they may become the
preferred supplier,” she told Reuters in an interview.
Codelco will continue to develop its $1 billion desalination plant,
and is currently assessing its energy contracts for ways to reduce
carbon emissions, albeit without a firm deadline to migrate
completely to clean energy.
But some copper will be greener by 2021
BHP has signed four renewable energy contracts to supply all
of its Chilean copper mines from 2021, cutting the company’s
energy costs by 20 per cent.
Daniel Malchuk, president of BHP Minerals Americas, said BHP
had signed contracts to cover the energy needs of Escondida,
the world’s biggest copper mine, and Spence, another copper
mine in Chile.
Once in commercial production, the Rio facility would make
battery-grade lithium, the type demanded by Panasonic Corp
and other cathode producers who, in turn, supply the battery
part for use in electric vehicles.
BHP did not give a cost for the new contracts, but they are
believed to be the most extensive signed by a corporate
customer in Chile. They will result in a provision of about $780
million related to the cancellation of the existing coal contracts,
which will be recognised in BHP’s December 2019 half-year
results. “It’s good for the environment, it’s good for emissions,
but it’s also great business,” Mr Malchuck told reporters in
London.
Rio also controls a lithium deposit in Serbia that has yet to be
developed, and other companies working on projects within the
USA include Lithium Americas Corp, Standard Lithium Ltd, Texas
Mineral Resources Corp, Piedmont Lithium and ioneer Ltd.
Another mining major, Anglo American, announced in July that
it will use only renewable sources to power its mines in Chile
from 2021. BHP chief executive Andrew Mackenzie said he
expected the trend to continue globally, together with moves to
January 2020
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Transatlantic cable
protect water security and supplies. In Chile, BHP is working to
eliminate the depletion of aquifers in the desert regions where
it operates. The company’s 2030 goal is to end the use of water
from aquifers, and it is investing in desalination plants.
This working life
A report by the New York Federal Reserve highlights growing
wage inequality in many of the biggest cities in the United States
over the last 35 years.
The report, by economists Jaison Abel and Richard Deitz, found
that, with the tendency of companies to group in urban centres,
the limited pool of in-demand qualified and/or experienced
workers are enjoying dramatic rises in salary, with which low to
middle-income workers cannot hope to keep pace.
Cities such as New York, Houston and San Francisco are topping
the ranking for wage inequality, seeing the majority of their
workers “being left behind”.
For example, in San Francisco inflation-adjusted wages for
workers in the top 5 per cent of wage earners grew by 120 per
cent between 1980 and 2015, while wages for the bottom 10 per
cent of earners grew by only 20 per cent. In New York City, wages
grew by 110 per cent for the top 5 per cent of workers, but just
15 per cent for the bottom 10 per cent.
Economic inequality has risen across the United States
as globalisation and automation eliminate a number of
middle-income jobs, while highly skilled workers in technology,
www.read-eurowire.com
finance and other sectors win higher wage premiums. The
changes are making city life more challenging for lower-wage
workers, who are struggling to accommodate rising housing,
heating, travel and living costs.
The researchers found that, while cities with “sluggish
economies” tend to have weaker wage gains, they also show
lower levels of inequality than larger cities, and this is “especially
true in cities where the main industries are struggling financially,
like Detroit, where automation and auto plant closures have led
to job losses.”
Some cities that showed the most – and least – inequality in
1980 are still marked by extremes some 35 years later. Fairfield,
Connecticut, had the starkest wage gap between rich and poor
in both 1980 and in 2015, though arguably more dramatic in
2015.
In 1980, a Fairfield resident with earnings in the top 10 per cent
made almost six times as much as a neighbour in the bottom
10 per cent. By 2015, those on the high end were earning nine
times as much.
In conclusion, Josh Bivens, research director for the Economic
Policy Institute, believes that lower-wage workers have less
leverage than previous generations because of the diminished
status of the unions, and because long periods of high
unemployment have limited workers’ ability to push for better
pay. “In the last 30 years, lots of those things that provided wage
growth for low- and moderate-wage workers have been stripped
away,” he said.
Gill Watson – Features Editor
January 2020
37
Technology News
Photo credit: © Schuler
▲▲ With isothermal forming, die and workpiece have the same temperature during the forming process
Aircraft drives produced
on Schuler presses
UEC-Saturn, part of the United Engine Corporation, specialises
in gas turbines for aviation, shipping and power plants. Since
1937, almost 50,000 aircraft engines have been produced on its
assembly line. At the production site in Rybinsk, Russia, around
300 km north of Moscow, a total of ten Schuler presses are used.
In 2014, Schuler received an order from Saturn for a 1,600-ton
PA 325 screw press. The machine bodies of the smaller series
are monobloc-type. The most recent delivery was a PSS 480
screw press with a press force of 2,800 tons, which has been in
operation at Saturn for more than a year.
Schuler has also supplied Saturn with an isothermal press
for the production of turbine blades made of titanium. The
high-strength material is becoming increasingly important as
a material in aircraft construction because of its light weight. In
isothermal forming, die and workpiece have the same constant
temperature during the entire forming process.
The press can be used for several forming processes: turbine
blade production, calibration and thermosetting. In this special
process, the components are heated to a temperature slightly
below forming temperature and then acted upon by a constant
38
2020 2020
38 JanuaryJanuary
pressure. The isothermal presses enable the company to develop
advanced technologies for the forming of engine blades that
allow the production of parts with minimal machining effort.
Saturn also purchased an isothermal deep-drawing press from
Schuler for the production of sheet metal parts from TA6V. It
enables the isothermal hot deep-drawing of sheet metal parts
in a combined operation (parts can be hot or cold formed), with
a newly developed oven concept without chimney effect and a
controllable bed cushion. It can also be retrofitted with an argon
gas supply for superplastic forming.
As a result, complicated components with good dimensional
accuracy can be produced in a single step. The low main forming
speed keeps the flow stresses low, allowing a good distribution
of material in the die and protecting it from high loads.
Schuler offers customer-specific technology in all areas of
forming technology, from networked presses to press shop
planning.
Schuler AG
www.schulergroup.com
EuroWire – January 2012
www.read-eurowire.com
www.read-eurowire.com
When the result matters…
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Technology News
Pelletised cable filling and
water blocking compound
ELECTRIC Cable Compounds (ECC) is
a global supplier of high-performance
elastomeric
and
polyolefin-based
cross-linkable
and
thermoplastic
compounds. The company can provide
two flame-retardant elastomeric cable
filler compounds that are pelletised,
extrudable,
non-halogenated
and
RoHS-compliant.
CableFill300, which is the more highly
flame retardant of the two grades, has
an LOI of 48; CableFill 200 has an LOI of
36. Both compounds are engineered to
be processed on conventional extrusion
equipment.
Electric Cable Compounds, Inc
www.electriccablecompounds.com
▲▲ CableFill maintains cable shape while filling gaps
CableFill®200 and CableFill®300 are
designed to provide a range of benefits
to cable manufacturers: they maintain
cable shape; prevent deformation/
stress of cable components; fill gaps/
voids; provide additional flame-retardant
benefits to overall construction; and
reduce water ingress.
While
isolating
individual
cable
components from contact, they do not
detract from overall cable flexibility. They
are colourable, easy to peel, and easily
processable at low temperatures. Typical
applications include low toxicity transit,
mining and shipboard cable.
Lower power
consumption on
continuous use of VNT
PCD dies
Ajex & Turner has introduced VNT Nano
PCD dies for stranding, compacting and
bunching of copper and aluminium, and
for low-carbon/welding wire drawing.
The dies are designed to reduce
consumption of power and metal, to
give a bright surface, and to avoid heat
generation in the die/conductor.
The company has developed VNT Nano
PCD dies for the 0.7 to 100mm range for
electrodes, CO2, welding, stainless steel
wire, etc.
The dies are made with multi-layer
coatings of nanocrystalline diamond
through vapour deposition on hard base
metal, which provides a smooth surface
with low friction.
Nanocrystalline diamond has been used
extensively to improve the properties of
surfaces for manufacturing processes,
due to its favourable material properties
such as high hardness, improved wear
resistance, thermal conductivity, chemical
inertness and low coefficient of friction.
Ajex & Turner
www.ajexturner.com
www.read-eurowire.com
January 2020
41
Technology News
Cold heading oil launched
CONCERNS about PAHs and BaP (polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons and benzo[a]pyrene) have been present in the
metalworking industry since 2015. Some petroleum-based
products, such as process lubricants, can release PAHs and BaP
under severe operating conditions.
For greater vigilance, the French Health Insurance authority
issued a recommendation, reference R.451, concerning the
“Prevention of chemical risks caused by cutting fluids”. It uses the
data provided by the INRS on the risks and thresholds related to
BaP contained in new and in-service neat cutting oils.
While this issue is regularly raised when using machining neat
oils, there are no recommendations for cold heading operations.
Guided by its HSE (health, safety and the environment) and CSR
(corporate social responsibility) principles, Condat decided to go
further by taking into account this question and by anticipating
the regulation.
After six months of research, Extrugliss HT 268 VP was created.
In partnership with an automotive supplier, the product was
tested for nearly 12 months on cold heading operations for the
manufacture of seat pinions and hubs, and reportedly showed
good results.
Available for sale since June 2019, Extrugliss HT 268 VP is
positioned as a premium product specially formulated for
extreme operations that generate excessive heat (stainless steel,
alloy steel with high elastic limit, etc).
Developed to solve BaP emissions problems, the neat cold
heading oil is formulated from high-quality, highly refined base
oils, and contains fewer residual compounds that may degrade
to PAHs.
The company’s in-depth knowledge of how to reduce PAHs/
BaP in in-service machining oils led to the development of Neat
Green oils, which do not show an increase in BaP content after
1,500 hours of machining.
It resists oxidation, increases the life of the baths and facilitates
degreasing by preventing the formation of sticky residues on
the parts. It is less volatile, and limits oil evaporation and mist
generation, improving the atmosphere in workshops.
In early 2018, Condat requested its R&D laboratory to work on
new formulas for cold heading oils with neutral impact in terms
of BaP.
The dual-purpose cold heading oil provides lubrication
characteristics to the mechanical components of cold heading
machinery as well as lubrication for the deformation operations,
and has a viscosity of 68 cst.
Beyond its CSR commitment, the company also wants to address
the concerns of automotive suppliers and provide customers
with the safest possible products. The objective was to
42
co-develop with major automotive groups a high-performance
product for very difficult forming operations.
January 2020
Condat SA
www.condat.fr
www.read-eurowire.com
THE magazine for
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Technology News
Halogen-free flame-retardant portfolio expands
LUBRIZOL Engineered Polymers has developed several new
halogen-free Estane ZHF thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)
grades that feature low toxicity, low smoke and low gas
conductivity. The design versatility of Estane ZHF polymers
expands the scope of applications in which the new grades can
be applied, including thinner or coloured cables. The new ZHF
resins also meet requirements for more sustainable alternatives
because of their recyclability and improvement of processability
in the extrusion of most cables.
The new Estane ZHF TPU products include:
• 90AT8 NAT 02 for robotic and communication cables
• 58202 NAT 02, combining easy processability and low gas
conductivity with flame-retardant performance
• 58370 NAT 01, providing easy processability and low gas
conductivity in compliance with IEC 62893 and EN 50620
standards for electric vehicle charging cables
• 58211 NAT 0, with good thermal resistance and easy
processability combined with flame-retardant performance
• 85AT8 MATT, featuring a matt surface, good flame-retardant
performance and easy processability
Fabio Morelli, new business development senior manager for
Lubrizol Engineered Polymers in EMEA, stated, “New emerging
applications have demanding material requirements, and
international cable-related regulations are also becoming more
stringent. As an example, some Estane ZHF grades have been
designed after a collaborative development process with key
manufacturers of EV charging cables.”
Mr Morelli added that “new Estane ZHF 58202 and 58370 grades
www.read-eurowire.com
▲
The new products include a grade designed to meet standards for electric vehicle
charging cables
have the standard features of a TPU (eg durability and good
hydrolysis resistance), but also show very low conductivity levels.
Lubrizol’s regulatory and legal expert team has ensured that the
new Estane portfolio without halogenated flame retardants is
compliant with the standards required by the cable industry.”
With more than 60 years of experience and a worldwide
network that includes formulation design, manufacturing and
R&D, Lubrizol Engineered Polymers offers a broad portfolio
of engineered polymers, including resins that are bio-based,
recyclable, light stable, flame retardant, adhesive, chemically
resistant, optically clear and fast cycling.
The Lubrizol Corporation
www.lubrizol.com
January 2020
45
Technology News
Drawing lubricants for industrial wire and
power cable producer
BAHRA Cables, one of the largest producers and distributors
of industrial wire and power cable products in the Gulf region,
has achieved performance targets by using Metalube’s
specialist wire drawing lubricants: Lubricool 22G and Metaclean
NEC-50. Both lubricants are being used on the company’s
new high-performance Niehoff MM85 twin wire copper rod
breakdown machine.
By using Lubricool 22G in conjunction with good in-house
controls, daily monitoring, filtration and the ongoing use of
Metaclean NEC-50 as a conditioning tonic, Bahra Cables is said to
be achieving notable maximum production speeds of 36m/sec,
along with an average daily production of 120 tonnes of drawn
copper, equating to 40,000 tons per year on one machine.
Lubricool 22G has also provided a three-year life in the 8,000L
system. The product is claimed to have excellent pH and
emulsion stability, and is low-maintenance, making it a durable
and high-performance copper wire drawing lubricant. Bahra
Cables has achieved a considerable sump life, limited downtime
and reduced disposal costs.
Albert Molloy of Metalube said, “From humble beginnings in
2008, Bahra Cables is now one of the leading wire and cable
companies operating in the Gulf region.
"We are delighted that Metalube’s products and technical
services have played a role in their growth and helped them to
www.read-eurowire.com
▲▲ Bahra Cables has seen significant benefits of using Metalube’s products
achieve their production goals. We are looking forward to what
the future holds for our partnership.”
Metalube Ltd
www.metalube.co.uk
January 2020
47
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CONTACT INTERNATIONAL SALES: Tel: +44 (0)1926 334137 - eurowire@intras.co.uk
Technology News
Five servo-axis turret tool-changer
with servo cutter
AT Interwire 2019, AIM released its new
AFES-3DxT five servo-axis turret tool-changer
machine with a fast servo cutter. Described
by AIM as its most robust and proven model
for twenty years, the turret head indexing tool
changer provides flexibility in wire forming
capability, while the 200 msec servo-cut assures
fast and quiet production.
Standard features include DXF, LRA and XYZ
import, animated bending simulation with
collision detection, auto pilot speed/load
monitoring, and 5 hp wire payoff. Equipped with
touchscreen monitors and Microsoft Windows®,
the machine features ‘Dial-A-Service’ for remote
support via the Internet, and a maintenance
module that reminds users of required work for
zero downtime.
Available options include automatic bend setup
with AccuCal, easy production statistics with
AccuTrack, online AIM Academy training, Faro,
Romer and Aicon CMM communications for
automatic programmer corrections, integration
with robots, and import of STEP and IGES files.
AIM, Inc
www.aimmachines.com
www.read-eurowire.com
▲
AFES-3D8T CNC bender
January 2020
49
Technology News
Length and speed gauge for bouncing,
unguided moving products
APPLICATIONS that involve the production of long, continuous
cylindrical products can pose measurement challenges.
Products that cannot be well guided can move off-axis and out
of the measurement range, making it difficult for traditional
laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) gauges to keep the laser on the
product’s surface. This results in hard-to-obtain and unreliable
length and speed measurements.
NDC’s new LaserSpeed Pro M Series gauge from the Beta
LaserMike products family is designed to solve this problem.
The patent-pending gauge uses an LDV optical technique that
provides reliable and robust length and speed measurements of
small, bouncing and unguided cylindrical moving products, from
bare conductor wire to insulated primary wire and cable.
The LaserSpeed M Series gauge enables manufacturers to
effectively control product speed and process functions
in challenging applications. Manufacturers can benefit by
reducing product give-away, minimising scrap, avoiding loss in
productivity and downtime, and realising other savings.
▲▲ The new LaserSpeed Pro M Series gauge can measure moving wire
Beta LaserMike – an NDC Technologies brand
www.ndc.com
Rod cleaning for reduced die friction Testing times for offshore cables
and wear
High-voltage engineering specialist EDS HV Group
Installed in-line after a simple rod reverse bending descaler,
the SB (smooth brush) system from Decalub removes excess
rod scale, converting the scale into ultra-hard micro-abrading
rotating pads that provide a white metal, clean satin finish. It
is suitable for dry cleaning applications, H/C and L/C, including
0.98% C, eliminating the need for acid cleaning.
Continuously liberated rod scale pads provide receptive 3
to 5 micron bonding sites (similar to phosphate crystalline
morphology), enhancing lubricant pick-up and adherence at
high drawing speeds.
This enables powder lubricant to be chemically and
mechanically interlocked to the rod surface, forming a
high-performance anti-friction and anti-wear conversion coating
that is claimed to perform comparably to, or better than, zinc
phosphate or other in-line wet pre-coating chemicals.
Decalub
www.decalub.com
www.read-eurowire.com
has
completed a cable testing campaign for Vattenfall at Horns
Rev 1, after the wind farm experienced network issues. For the
first time for the offshore wind industry, EDS used damped AC
testing (DAC) to collect partial discharge (PD) and tanδ data to
clarify the condition of the array cables and subject the entire
array system to a high-voltage withstand test.
Luke Bishop, group engineering director at EDS, said, “Damped
AC testing is a real step change in the industry. VLF [very low
frequency] testing has been the ‘go-to’ test system to date.
However, despite VLF’s advantages, it doesn’t have the benefits
offered by DAC to test long lengths of array cables through
multiple switchgear positions and collect PD and tanδ data, all
from a single point.”
Using damped AC to test all array cables from one single
point on the offshore platform avoided multiple transfers of
equipment and personnel.
EDS HV Group
www.edshv.com
January 2020
51
Technology News
Automated inspection and analysis of plastic
pellets
EVEN the smallest metallic contamination
in plastic pellets can cause problems
during the production and processing of
plastics. Fault prevention usually requires
major effort, but fault correction is
time-consuming and expensive.
High-voltage cables have to be coated
with a 100 per cent metal-free plastic
insulator. Metal contamination of a
submarine cable can cause breakdown
(short circuit), leading to very high
recovery and repair costs.
There are many causes of metal
contamination in raw material, such as
abrasion both of the metal screws in the
extruder and of the barrel. Abrasion can
also occur at conveyer pipes and pipe
bends.
Metal contamination can get into the
pellets due to damaged melt filters or
a defective granulator. Full protection
against metal contamination cannot be
ensured, even with the use of melt filters,
inductive metal separators or permanent
magnets.
www.candorsweden.com
•
•
•
•
•
Electrolytic plating
Candojet hot water cleaning
Electrolytic & Ultrasonic degreasing
Welding wire cleaning and copper coating
Pickling & phosphating
Welding
wire copper
coating
Multi wire
cleaning
plant
Ultrasonic
& Electrolytic
CANDOR Sweden AB
Tel: +46 11 21 75 00 Fax: +46 11 12 63 12
Email: info@candorsweden.com
52
January 2020
▲▲ The X-ray-based inspection and analysis system detects metallic contamination in plastic pellets
Sikora AG has developed an offline
inspection system that detects and
analyses contamination from 50µm in
plastic pellets. With the support of X-ray
technology, a non-destructive look into
and through plastic pellets is possible.
Materials such as pellets and metal
particles can be differentiated as they
vary in their absorption or attenuation
of X-rays, and even the smallest metal
inclusions in the raw material can be
detected.
The X-ray unit is hermetically
sealed, so no radiation can
escape and the standards
of the Radiation Protection
Act and Radiation Protection
Ordinance are fulfilled, and
the system can be used by the
operator without any concern.
a batch can be taken at different times
and scanned for analysis. The measuring
values are included in the overall
evaluation.
The collected data provides information
about the process and the material
quality of the plastic pellets. The system
also supplies a test certificate containing
all information about the quality of the
inspected pellets and a summary of the
test results.
The inspection and analysis
system can be connected
to a company network via
LAN interface, and collected
data can be exported for
processing. The creation of a
central and up-to-date data
bank allows for conclusions
on sources and causes of
contamination.
The operator places the
The mobile system can be
material onto a 210 x 300mm
used for sampling inspection
sample tray; this is moved
through the inspection area, ▲▲ Metal inclusions in in a laboratory environment
plastic pellets, caused or alternatively directly next to
which features an X-ray
by a damaged extruder
the production line. In addition
camera, and the inspection
during
material
to
traditional
production
and analysis are carried out
production
control, the 30-second analysis
within 30 seconds. A projector
highlights contaminated material in procedure makes the system suitable for
colour directly on the sample tray. the inspection of incoming goods.
The contamination is simultaneously
visualised and highlighted on the The system can inspect pellets, flakes,
monitor, including information about its films/tapes, sheets and injection-moulded
size and area.
parts made from various plastics, such
as XLPE used for the insulation of
In addition to an image gallery of high-voltage cables, TPU or TPE. The
detected contamination, the software height of the test material can be up
provides statistics about size, area and to 50mm. 100g of plastic pellets can
number. Previously recorded image be inspected and analysed per run.
material can be re-imported and With a pellet size of 4 x 4 x 4mm, this
evaluated, for example with divergent corresponds to up to 3,500 pellets.
analysis parameters. In addition to
single inspections, serial tests can be Sikora AG
performed – any number of samples from www.sikora.net
www.read-eurowire.com
Technology News
▲▲ DS-Blend feedscrew from Davis-Standard
Feedscrew extruder
with improved
performance
THE DS-Blend is the latest option in Davis-Standard’s
award-winning feedscrew line. The patent-pending design
improves the performance of a single screw extruder for
demanding applications by providing distributive and
dissipative melt mixing.
The two-stage approach achieves outputs similar to those
of a single-stage barrier screw, but with a lower melt
temperature and reduced energy requirements. It can be
installed on new or existing single screw Davis-Standard
extruders as well as other brands.
Building feedscrews for non Davis-Standard extruders has
been an area of growth for the company as customers realise
the benefits of the technology. According to John Christiano,
vice president of technology at Davis-Standard, “This is one
of our most versatile and energy-efficient feedscrews to
date … As with all of our feedscrew designs, we are focused
on product line performance, improved outputs, material
homogeneity and feedscrew longevity. We are also proud of
the fact that we can build a feedscrew for any extruder brand.”
Davis-Standard’s feedscrews are available from 19 to 300mm
(3/4" to 12") in diameter, with varying L/Ds. Each screw
is engineered for specific polymers and processes, with
customisation available depending on the end product.
Davis-Standard feedscrews accommodate the full range of
extrusion and converting applications, including blown film,
blow moulding, cast film, compounding, elastomer, extrusion
coating and fibre. Sales and service engineers work alongside
customers to find the right solution based on manufacturing
parameters. Testing and trials are available to fine-tune the
process prior to purchase.
In Davis-Standard’s feedscrew manufacturing process, plasma
arc welding stations provide wear-resistant materials such
as Colmonoy 56 and 83. Three whirlers are used for screw
cutting and milling for screws made of stainless steel, 4340
steel or Inconel materials.
These machines produce screw surfaces at very tight
tolerances. After screws are milled and polished, they are
treated with chrome plating or other wear-resistant coatings,
based on the application. Screws receive a final inspection
and polish before shipment.
Davis-Standard, LLC
www.davis-standard.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Technology News
Italian know-how in medium-voltage insulation
MIXER SpA combines quality and reliability with innovation,
offering materials to the cable market that are designed on the
basis of its acquired expertise. The company has a consolidated
experience in MV compounds, having been producing blends
based on EPDM and EPDM/PE since 1996, and becoming a major
compounder for medium-voltage insulation, marketed around
the world.
Ten years ago, Mixer conceived and pioneered fully lead-free
products for this market segment, ahead of user demand, with
an environment-friendly approach.
The range of Mixer products for medium-voltage insulation is
now comprehensive, and includes harder or flexible products,
grades for single-core or multi-core cables and for an operating
voltage from 6 to 95kV, and with lead or lead-free.
The Ekopren MV products are suitable for operating
temperatures of 90°C and 105°C and are compliant to
international standards. To provide a complete package, Mixer
can suggest a match with semi-conductive shields that have
been tested for peelability and compatibility with its products.
The latest versions of Mixer’s grades, arising from its
commitment to provide customers with added value, are
claimed to enable faster and easier production. Ekopren 3IS73F
and 3IS75F were optimised to reach higher speed in extrusion;
with decreased hardness, these compounds avoid scorch issues
and offer enhanced flexibility.
Ekopren 3IS73L and 3IS75L grades feature cost efficiency and
flowing process with a voltage rating between 6 and 20kV.
Mixer SpA will promote its complete portfolio and solutions
during wire 2020 in Düsseldorf, Germany, on stand E74 in Hall 12.
Mixer SpA
www.mixercompounds.com
Air wipe dries, cools and cleans small diameters
Exair’s new 3/8" Standard Air Wipe™ produces a 360° airstream
that can blow dry, clean or cool the material passing through it.
The split design can be clamped around continuously moving
material such as wire, cable, pipe, hose and extruded shapes.
The air wipe ejects a small amount of compressed air through
a thin slotted nozzle that pulls in high volumes of surrounding
room air. The airflow uniformly ejects from the 360° of its inner
diameter. Coupling brackets that hold each half of the 3/8"
Standard Air Wipe can be latched together or removed quickly.
Additional shims can be installed if more blowing force is
required.
Air velocity can be varied with a pressure regulator, and instant
on/off control provides precision blow-off. Air consumption is
11.1 SCFM at 80 psig and the sound level is low at only 82 dBA.
Standard Air Wipes are CE-compliant and available from stock
in aluminium in diameters from 13 to 279mm (3/8" to 11").
www.read-eurowire.com
▲▲ Exair’s Standard Air Wipe is CE-compliant
Applications include wiping wire, drying inks, cooling hot
extruded shapes, and blow-off of water, plating, coatings and
dust.
Exair Corporation www.exair.com
January 2020
57
Technology News
Shaving and shaped dies –
collaborative problem solving
▲▲ Paramount has collaborated to produce shaped dies and shaving dies
COMMITMENT to experimentation drives the process of innovation forward. Successful
manufacturing operations collaborate with their suppliers and customers, to conduct
trials, collect data, and let the data guide process improvement and future business
decisions.
Companies across multiple product segments have collaborated with Paramount Die
throughout the last two years to evaluate a large range of geometries, coatings and
constructions in order to find their optimal solution for shaving wire and for drawing
shaped wire.
Standard shaving dies are offered as insert-based and cased solutions. Several standard
sizes, geometries, coatings and casing options are available to provide improvements
and a basis for future experimentation.
Customer-specific shaving die solutions are said to be delivering superior quality and
purity of shaved wire rod to manufacturers drawing stainless steel wire, valve spring
wire, cold heading wire, aluminium wire and brass wire.
Innovative shaped profile dies, developed with Paramount Die, offer increased surface
quality, tight tolerance control, and wire/bar straightness. Ovate-shaped wire drawing
solutions have more than doubled drawing speeds while increasing high-quality
finished tons. With technical shape engineering capability, Paramount can design single
and progression drafts to meet specific needs.
Shaped dies are available in ovates, rectangles, squares, hexagons and custom shapes.
Standard carbide blank sizes, coatings and casing options are available to match
current drawing practices. A collaborative team can then evaluate the performance
of the drawing die to deliver recommendations for progression and shape design
improvements.
Wire production efficiencies are improving because each die design is rooted in the
needs and feedback of each individual customer, their production process, and the
market segment they serve. The customer and Paramount Die’s technical staff then
put the dies and production processes through improvement trials to determine the
optimal solution.
Paramount Die
www.paradie.com
58
January 2020
www.read-eurowire.com
Technology News
Red-hot for silicone
IN recent years, silicone has been
increasingly used in the automotive
sector, but now it is being found in more
applications.
Due to its many positive attributes,
silicone is a popular material for cable
production, and has played a major
role in the continuous development of
Rosendahl’s lines.
Rosendahl developed its first silicone
extrusion line with infrared curing several
years ago. Since then, new lines have
been installed worldwide, and existing
lines have been expanded by updates
from Rosendahl.
The
special
matching
extruders,
crossheads and curing tunnels make
effective and reproducible results from
one provider possible.
In the automotive cable market, silicone
has established itself as an isolation
and jacketing material for cables and
high-voltage cables for electric and
hybrid cars. The high flexibility of the
material does not change, even at various
temperatures. With its high temperature
resistance, silicone enables a reduction
60
January 2020
▲▲ Rosendahl’s RN-Z silicone line
in conductor cross-sections and the
minimising of cable weight.
In addition to the automotive sector,
there are several other popular
applications for silicone, for example
in medical technology or robotics.
As the fire resistance of cables in
public buildings, such as airports or
hospitals, is subject to particularly
strict guidelines, Rosendahl focused
on developing production facilities for
this field. The standards that need to
be fulfilled for integrity (DIN 4102-12)
and insulation (IEC60331, EN50200
and BS6387) are met by each cable
produced by Rosendahl.
Rosendahl Nextrom GmbH
www.rosendahlnextrom.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Technology News
Huber+Suhner
unveils first
copper-less
link to the
antenna
The new Direct GPS-over-Fiber (GPSoF)
solution from Huber+Suhner is claimed
to be the first of its kind to allow a fibre
optic connection to be made directly
onto an antenna, eliminating the need for
a separate power line.
The company says that this new
capability has the potential to
revolutionise the remote antenna
application landscape by addressing
power constraints at the remote end,
and is expected to provide benefits to
installations within the aerospace and
defence markets.
Power over fibre eliminates power
constraints by making use of available
fibre optic backbones to deliver the
required power to the antenna. This
removes the need for external power
sources at the remote end, while
adding all the benefits of fibre optics
into a conventional radio frequency
link.
Supplying power to remote antenna
locations is a common challenge
in shelter and other command and
control applications within the defence
industry. “Our ability to support rapid
deployments by reducing the amount
of hardware and enhancing operational
effectiveness by providing a truly
copper-less link adds tremendous
value to these types of applications,”
said Dominik Ruckstuhl, new product
introduction engineer at Huber+Suhner.
Direct GPSoF employs laser safety
features that are compliant with the
IEC laser standards. The use of the
Q-ODC connector ensures a ruggedised
connection using single mode fibres,
which enables link distances of up to 10
km.
Chad Trevithick, head of solutions
business at Huber+Suhner, commented,
“The Direct GPSoF solution, featuring
power over fibre, demonstrates the
commitment from Huber+Suhner to
solving real-world challenges in our
customers’ applications.”
Huber+Suhner Group
www.hubersuhner.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Industry & technology news from
the world of fasteners
in every issue, starting
January 2020
www.read-eurowire.com
www.read-eurofasteners.com
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Technology News
Optimised energy
consumption in continuous
casting lines
FURNACES are crucial equipment in
Upcast continuous upwards casting
lines, to ensure a high-quality process
and end product. They also play a key
role in energy consumption; optimised
use of energy decreases heat loss and
production costs.
Energy consumption is the largest
individual cost factor in production.
Typically, it is around 58 to 67 per cent
of the overall costs. What impacts
consumption are the furnace type and
the inductor attached to it, as well as
the lining materials. With the right
combination, energy consumption can be
minimised.
“It is essential to choose the right
combination suitable for each product
and capacity,” said Janne Hosio, sales
manager at Upcast Oy.
As
capacity
requirements
vary
significantly, Upcast Oy has designed
new sizes of furnace to meet the various
needs of customers, and they can be used
in combination with a range of different
power inductors. Options include smaller
furnaces for lower capacity requirements,
and larger ones for higher demands.
Upcast furnaces are equipped with
energy-efficient inductors, and the power
supply can be controlled steplessly,
enabling any power range to be used
efficiently. Using transistor converters
instead of step transformers allows the
use of precisely the amount of power
▲
Janne Hosio, sales manager at Upcast Oy
required, which also reduces the amount
of heat loss. The variation of temperature
is reduced, which also saves energy.
Upcast has long experience of casting
lines, and its development work has been
based on the actual values of existing
lines, in order to develop a more efficient
and wider product range.
Upcast Oy will be participating in wire
Düsseldorf 2020, on stand 09 C06.
Upcast Oy
www.upcast.com
Bows for all types of double-twist equipment
The C2S service division of Sampsistemi supplies more than 600 adaptable bow
designs to the market for all kinds of double-twist equipment. For smaller bunching
units (400/560mm) to larger double-twist stranders for aluminium or copper cords
(2,000mm), C2S can propose bows to ensure performance and optimised production.
By moulding high-graded carbons, C2S also ensures the long durability of its bows,
as well extended lifetime of the main equipment, preventing harmful vibrations from
spreading to the main bearings housings. The technical definition of the bow design is
always discussed with the end-user, in terms of expected production speeds, product
size or wire path interchangeability.
The C2S team works in close collaboration with cable makers (mostly maintenance
teams) to harmonise guides or eyelets on different brands of double-twist equipment.
Among C2S’s best sellers is the patented Greenbow2, a closed-bow design that allows
up to 25 per cent energy savings on high-speed bunchers. Initially developed for
automotive products but now extended to small control or robotics cables thanks
to fully interchangeable wire paths, Greenbow2 is easy to maintain as it features a
removable inner tube.
Samp SpA
www.read-eurowire.com
www.sampsistemi.com
January 2020
63
Technology News
Wire and cable machinery from Turkey
SARMAKINA Sanayi ve Ticaret AS is a manufacturing,
engineering and contracting company that was founded in
1991 by Sarkuysan AS, the largest copper wire manufacturer in
Turkey.
Its main products are machinery supplied to the wire and
cable industry, including motor-driven payoffs and spoolers,
bunching machines, bobbin winders, rewinding lines, emulsion
systems, filters and tin plating lines.
It also supplies standard and custom-made steel reels, as well
as projecting, manufacturing, subcontracting and contraction
works and steel construction works.
The company reports that, in addition to routine local sales, its
exports and customer portfolio are growing. There is serious
competition in this sector, but the company believes it is strong
enough not to have the need for competition in the local
market because of the quality and price of its products.
Sarmakina’s export targets for the next year are European
countries, and the USA and Russia. It already has customers in
the USA, Germany, Italy, the UK, Bulgaria, Croatia and Austria
who buy its machinery and steel reels periodically.
Demand for Sarmakina’s products has increased because of
European companies’ investment in new machinery and their
desire to expand production, and it is targeting a ten per cent
growth in production and profits.
The company has new plans and an investment programme
64
January 2020
for the forthcoming year. As a company that develops its
own products, it has started continuous training to increase
production quality, and has established a quality laboratory
in its new factory. One-to-one education and training for all
operations makes the working environment safer and more
efficient.
The move to the new factory provided the growth of work
areas, as well allowing an increase in the number of employees,
enabling the design of new products and an increase in the
manufacture of existing products.
Sarmakina states that its bobbin winder lines, for the bobbins
that feed braiding machines, are used in major cable and wire
factories from Brazil to the UK. The company is expecting a
busy year, based on both the orders it already has and the
planned demands of customers in the new period.
After completing work for its sister companies – Sarkuysan,
Sark Wire and Sark Bulgaria – for double twist bunching
machines, last year the company started to meet the needs of
other customers.
Its bunching machines began to run for companies in Turkey
and around Europe, and it is in negotiations with other cable
companies for their needs for bunching machines in the
coming years. The number of payoffs in operation around the
world is now approaching 1,000.
Sarmakina Sanayi ve Ticaret AS
www.sarmakina.com.tr
www.read-eurowire.com
Contents
Diary of Events
2020
January 2020
EF 2/68
Corporate News
EF 7/73
Products
30 March - 3 April:
wire 2020 – trade exhibition –
Düsseldorf, Germany
Organisers:
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH
Fax: +49 211 4560 668
Email: wire@messe-duesseldorf.de
Website: www.wire.de
EF 13/79 Manufacturing Technology
bigstockphoto.com/Scanrail
20-24 April:
MACH – trade exhibition –
Birmingham, UK
Organisers:
MTA (Manufacturing
Technologies Association)
Email: mach@mta.org.uk
Website: www.machexhibition.com
New year, new industry
WITH a new year comes a new sector of the industry for EuroWire to
focus on – fasteners.
EuroFasteners is a new part of EuroWire magazine as we aim to increase
our comprehensive coverage of the wire and cable industry.
With its own glossy covers to separate it from the rest of the magazine,
EuroFasteners will provide detailed coverage of industry news, products
and manufacturing technology, as we highlight everything from
machinery manufacture to the end products.
This will also be expanded on at the forthcoming wire 2020 exhibition in
Düsseldorf, Germany, where exhibitors will be appealing to distributors,
wholesalers and buyers from a broad range of sectors in the fasteners
industry.
Sister publication Wire & Cable ASIA will also be launching Fasteners ASIA
in its January issue.
2–4 June:
Wire Expo – trade exhibition and
conference –
Uncasville, Connecticut, USA
Organisers:
Wire Association International
Fax: +1 203 453 8384
Email: sales@wirenet.org
Website: www.wirenet.org
17–20 June:
Korea Metal Week –
trade exhibition –
Seoul, South Korea
Organisers:
KT Fairs
Fax: +82 02 784 6810
Email: master1@ktfairs.com
Website: www.korea-metal.com
23–26 September:
wire China – trade exhibition –
Shanghai, China
Organisers:
SECRI and Messe Düsseldorf
(Shanghai) Co Ltd
Fax: +86 216 169 8301
Email: shanghai@mdc.com.cn
Website: www.wirechina.net
11–14 October:
IWCS – technical symposium –
Providence, Rhode Island, USA
Organisers:
IWCS
Tel: +1 717 993 9500
Website: www.iwcs.org
Visit us online at:
www.read-eurofasteners.com
EF 1/67
Corporate News
▲
“Frazer-Nash is able to produce components cost-effectively in small batch sizes”
Faster and cheaper with
additive manufacturing
The new component can be made
quicker, and at a lower cost, when
compared to traditional subtractive
machining methods.
In 2014 Frazer-Nash decided to bring AM
capabilities in-house with Renishaw’s
AM 250 system. The company has
since purchased the AM 400, which is
currently used to produce metal parts for
customers.
One of Frazer-Nash’s most successful
projects is for its customer Kwikbolt,
which is working to revolutionise the
assembly of aircraft.
Kwikbolt is one of only a few businesses in
EF2/68
68
January 2020
the world to produce a specific temporary
fastening device used to align aircraft
panels and fuselage during assembly.
The component simplifies the manufacturing process and ensures that
aerospace companies no longer require
a bespoke tool for every panel, helping
to reduce costs, improve precision and
speed up assembly.
To simplify the manufacturing process,
Frazer-Nash now additively manufactures the fasteners on Renishaw’s AM
400. By using AM instead of subtractive
machining, the fasteners can be produced
with custom geometries at comparatively
lower cost.
“By using AM, Frazer-Nash is able to
produce components cost-effectively
in small batch sizes,” explained
Stuart Offer, AM sales manager at
Renishaw. “In contrast to machining,
no custom tooling is required, which
results in improvements in speed and
a reduction in manufacturing costs,
particularly for such a difficult-tomachine part.”
“The Kwikbolt project is a true AM success
story,” said Paul Mortlock, managing
director at Frazer-Nash. “Using AM
means we can easily produce a bespoke
component based on each aerospace
customer’s requirements. Renishaw’s
AM systems have been flawless since we
started working together. Frazer-Nash
now produces 25,000 AM parts a year
and has expanded its range of components. Over the last five years, we
have developed a close partnership
with Renishaw, added Mr Mortlock. “We
originally chose to partner with Renishaw
due to its support services and we have
found these to be invaluable.”
Frazer-Nash Manufacturing
https://frazernash.com
www.read-eurofasteners.com
Graphics bigstockphoto.com/Artist tereh
Since investing in a Renishaw AM 400
additive manufacturing (AM) system,
Frazer-Nash has produced a unique
fastener for a customer, Kwikbolt, for use
during aircraft assembly.
Corporate News
Joint venture company for cold
heading and forging in USA
Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation (NSSMC)
established Nippon Steel & Sumikin Cold Heading Wire Indiana
Inc (NSCI), a US company manufacturing and selling steel wires
for cold heading and forging, in February 2016.
NSCI started its commercial production and held an opening
ceremony, inviting the governor of Indiana and other related
Indiana and Shelbyville officials, the Consulate-General of Japan
in Chicago, customers, shareholders, and employees’ families.
The steel wire manufacturing plant is NSSMC’s third overseas
plant, in addition to those established in Thailand and China.
The new plant at NSCI has an annual production capacity of
36,000 tons and is capable of manufacturing steel wires with a
maximum diameter of 40mm.
By making use of the plant’s proximity to customers, NSSMC will
meet demand from the major production plants of Japanese
automobile and parts manufacturers and display strong delivery
capability.
Steel wires for cold heading and forging, which are produced
by adding secondary processes (such as pickling, coating, wire
drawing and heat treatment) to hot rolled wire rods, are mainly
used for important safety-related parts such as automobile bolts.
These steel wires require a very high standard in terms of internal
quality and surface defects.
In order to satisfy these requirements, NSSMC and NSCI
are cooperating in performing strict and unified quality
management for wire rods and steel wires.
▲
The team celebrates the first shipment
Under the banner of SteeLinc, the brand name of NSSMC’s bar
and wire rod unit, NSCI will contribute to enhance the value
of customers’ products through proposals that optimise the
combination of steel materials and secondary processes (steel
materials x processing methods).
The steel product portfolio includes steel for high-strength bolts
(MB series and ADS series) and steel that omits processes, such
as new soft wire rods and untempered steel for cold forging
(NHF® and SUC80D).
Nippon Steel & Sumikin Cold Heading Wire Indiana Inc
www.nsciinc.com
Industrial Fasteners market forecast
The global industrial fasteners market
is expected to expand at a compound
annual growth rate of 5.3 per cent
during the forecast period 2016 to 2023.
A new report from Credence Research
expects the market to be worth $107
billion by 2023.
“Industrial Fasteners – global market
size, analysis, share, trends, growth
and forecast to 2026” is an in-depth
research report on the world’s major
regional market conditions, focusing
on the main regions (North America,
Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main
countries (United States, Germany,
United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea
and China).
The report firstly introduces industrial fasteners: definitions, classifications, applications and market
overview;
product
specifications;
manufacturing processes; and cost
structures etc.
www.read-eurofasteners.com
It then analyses the world’s main
region market conditions, including
the product price, profit, capacity,
production, supply, demand, and
market growth rate and forecast etc.
Finally, the report introduces new
project SWOT analysis, investment
feasibility analysis and investment
return analysis.
The global industrial fasteners market
is fragmented by stiff competition,
with several small and large players
competing to maintain their market
share.
In developed economies, market
consolidation is a major trend as small
companies are merging operations with
established players to leverage their
resources.
Furthermore, the global market
for industrial fasteners is highly
matured and has been marred by a
lack of product differentiation. This
has resulted in price wars among
manufacturers, leading to profit
crunching.
A focus on product enhancement is the
key strategy for manufacturers.
The report includes six parts, dealing
with:
1) Basic information
2) Asian industrial fasteners market
3) North American industrial fasteners
market
4) European
industrial
fasteners
market
5) Market entry and investment
feasibility
6) Report conclusion
A report sample is available at: https://
www.credenceresearch.com/samplerequest/58059
Credence Research
www.credenceresearch.com
January 2020
EF 3/69
Corporate News
Bufab completes HT
Bendix acquisition
Last year, Bufab confirmed the group’s
acquisition of all outstanding shares in
HT Bendix A/S. The plan was originally
announced in June 2019. Bendix has
annual sales of approximately SEK
500 million (DKK 345 million) and an
operating margin of approximately
ten per cent.
Formation of Aluform USA
Duncan MacLean, president and CEO of MacLean-Fogg, has announced the joint
venture formation of Aluform USA between Richard Bergner Verbindungstechnik
GmbH & Co KG (RIBE) of Schwabach, Germany, and MacLean-Fogg Component
Solutions (MFCS) of Mundelein, Illinois, USA.
The RIBE-Aluform® product is claimed to be a market leader in the automotive
industry for high strength aluminium bolt, screw and stud fasteners for lightweight,
corrosion-sensitive automotive applications. Aluform USA combines the strengths of
RIBE® and MFCS to bring the Aluform product line to the North American marketplace.
Mr MacLean said, “RIBE is a terrific, innovative fastener company. The RIBE-Aluform
product line sets the global standard for high strength automotive aluminium
fasteners, and vehicle lightweighting will continue to be a major industry trend as
OEMs work to improve fuel economy and battery range. We’re excited to further help
our North American customers in their lightweight efforts by including Aluform high
strength aluminium bolts in our range of fastener solutions.”
Frank Bergner, managing partner of RIBE, said: “MacLean-Fogg has been well-known
for 94 years as a leader in innovative fasteners and high quality manufacturing.
MacLean-Fogg’s excellent manufacturing capabilities, application engineering and
high customer service makes them an ideal partner to support and grow Aluform in
North America.”
▲
HT Bendix is well known in the industry for its
product and service quality
HT Bendix A/S was founded in 1975
and is a leading C parts supply chain
partner in the Nordics with a strong
expertise in the furniture and fittings
industries. Bendix’s head office and main
operations are in Herning, in Jutland,
Denmark, but the company generates
sales throughout Scandinavia, the
Baltics, Germany, the UK, France and
Poland.
“I am honoured and very happy to
announce this acquisition, which is a
significant and attractive add-on to
our existing businesses in the Nordics,
and which presents attractive growth
synergies for both companies,” said
Jörgen Rosengren, Bufab’s president and
CEO. Johan Lindqvist, who manages
Bufab’s Segment Sweden added: “HT
Bendix A/S is well known in the industry
for its high product and service quality,
solution-oriented approach, and skilled
staff. We wish the HT Bendix A/S team
a very warm welcome into the Bufab
Group,”
Aluform USA LLC will be headquartered within the existing MacLean Maynard division
of MFCS in Chesterfield, Michigan, USA. RIBE® Verbindungstechnik offers lightweight
construction, new materials and material combination solutions with secure,
comprehensive systems integrated into the fastening element itself or as an automated
fastening system. RIBE® interlinks product development and engineering to ensure
rational, sustainable production for the entire product portfolio.
RIBE’s range includes high-strength aluminium screws, RIBE–Aluform, RIFIXX® functional
modules, maximum strength steel screws, complete sheet metal joining systems
including RIFAST®, and an extensive selection of special cold-formed parts.
Aluform USA
www.macleanfoggcs.com
▼
High strength aluminium bolt, screw and stud fasteners from Aluform
“In the past years, Bufab has become
known as a leader in the C parts
industry globally. We have looked
for a global player with the strength
to help us bring HT Bendix A/S to
a new level. And we have searched
for a company with a mindset and
culture that fit HT Bendix A/S. We
are convinced that Bufab is the ideal
partner to continuous successful
growth,” commented Kaj Østergaard,
MD and spokesman for the owners of
HT Bendix A/S.
Bufab Group
www.bufab.com
EF 4/70
January 2020
www.read-eurofasteners.com
Corporate News
Paragon acquires Kuduma Fasteners
India-based manufacturer of precision fasteners Paragon
Fasteners has acquired Kuduma Fasteners Pvt Ltd, a
manufacturer of high tensile fasteners and cold-headed
components for automobile and industrial applications.
Kuduma Fasteners is a tier 1 vendor to many southern
India-based automotive producers, and has operated in
the fastener industry for over 30 years. The company has an
in-house continuous furnace and a wire processing facility
with a total installed capacity of 300 tonnes per month. Almost
all of Kuduma’s machinery is Taiwanese: multi-station bolt
formers ranging from M4 to M16, up to 250mm long (up to
M8), it makes for an ideal facility for fastener production.
Established in 1996 with a small capacity for making precision
fasteners, Paragon Fasteners today boasts a large capacity
and range to produce precision fasteners in both ferrous and
non-ferrous metals, catering to major OEMs of automobiles,
machine manufacturers, electronics, electrical, and furniture
manufacturers.
The company has acquired some big names in the industry,
including Kadimi’s fasteners unit, Electronic Fasteners, and
EkaEngg Technics.
Described by Dilip Sheth, CEO of Paragon Fasteners, as
the realisation of a “long standing dream”, the acquisition
of Kuduma is also Paragon’s biggest. With this acquisition,
Paragon believes it will have the largest range of standard
▲
A focus on precision for Paragon Fasteners
and custom-made import substitute cold forged fasteners,
supported by in-house heat treatment and wire drawing units.
Paragon Fasteners
www.paragonfastener.com
Cooper & Turner acquires Beck Industries
the Watermill Group, we see tremendous
opportunity to accelerate innovation
and growth within the global energy and
infrastructure markets.” Steven E Karol,
managing partner and founder of private
investment firm Watermill, commented:
“This is an ideal time for these companies
to come together. Both are thriving
and well positioned in their respective
markets. We are looking forward to
supporting the combined management
team in capitalising on the inherent
opportunities.”
Andaray (Holdings) Ltd and its subsidiary
Cooper & Turner have acquired Beck
Industries, a manufacturer and distributor
of high security bolting components.
The combined company aims to be
the first truly global manufacturer of
safety-critical fastening applications,
supporting a range of industries that
includes renewable energy, power
generation, nuclear, construction and
heavy equipment.
Established in France more than
100 years ago, Beck is now a global
organisation with capabilities that
complement and expand those of Cooper
& Turner. As one entity, the company’s
services span all key production
processes, including hot and cold
forming, heat treatment, CNC machining,
thread rolling, robotics and automation.
“We are excited to join the Cooper
&
Turner
family,” said
Hugues
Charbonnier, former Beck president.
Mr Charbonnier and his wife, Karine,
will both remain on the management
team as executive vice presidents of
Cooper & Turner. “Our complementary
technologies,
facilities,
services
and product portfolios will form an
unequalled platform to serve local and
international clients.”
www.read-eurofasteners.com
Founded in the 1800s by Joseph
and James Turner as a gun barrel
manufacturer, Cooper & Turner is a
UK-based manufacturer and distributor
of high strength, large diameter industrial
fastener systems.
The company is headquartered in
Sheffield, UK, with operations in the UK,
China and North America.
▲
A “one-stop shop for the highest quality,
mission-critical industrial fasteners”
“The acquisition strengthens our
position as a seamless, one-stop shop
for the highest quality, mission-critical
industrial fasteners,” said Tony Brown,
group CEO and president, Cooper &
Turner. “Supported by our partners at
Beck Industries International is a
manufacturer and distributor of fully
certified, high-security bolting components for refineries, power generation, subsea oil and gas and the nuclear
power end markets.
Cooper & Turner Ltd
www.cooperandturner.co.uk
January 2020
EF 5/71
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Products
▲
Rapierstar, a supplier of window and door fasteners
West Port’s fastener focus
helps deliver assured fire
door performance
Graphics bigstockphoto.com/Artistnd 3000
Rapierstar’s specialist technical support
has played a key role in helping West Port
to achieve high-performing fire-rated
door-sets, by eliminating the risk of failure
during testing as a result of the incorrect
choice and application of fasteners.
Rapierstar, which is a UK supplier
of window and door fasteners, is
recommending that fire door manufacturers follow West Port’s lead and
not overlook the major role that these
smallest of components play in a
door-set’s structural integrity, durability
and long-term quality. West Port door-sets
offer performance in either 30-minute or
60-minute options, providing installers
with a trusted fire protection solution.
Andy Tyas, operations director at West
Port, said: “From the outset we wanted to
create fire doors that offer performance
that far exceeds the ratings they are
awarded, demonstrated by our 30-minute
www.read-eurofasteners.com
fire doors actually achieving 42 minutes in
testing. Our 60-minute fire door is another
really important development which,
like our FD30 option, is built using only
technically superior components.”
Rapierstar, whose collective technical
expertise in fastener design, manufacture
and application totals more than 100
years, has provided West Port with
detailed guidance on which fasteners
to use throughout the door-sets’
construction in order to achieve the 30
and 60 minute fire ratings.
as its weakest components, and all too
often that turns out to be the fasteners
as a result of choosing the wrong type
of screws for the application or sourcing
poor quality screws. With fire doors, it
goes without saying that weak points
simply must not exist, given that their role
is to protect lives and assets. That’s why
it’s vitally important that fastener choice is
given the same attention and scrutiny as
the glass type, the insulating qualities of
the door slab and the intumescent seals.
In addition to input at the design
stage, this includes training to ensure
fabricators use fasteners correctly, and
regular auditing of the factory to maintain
consistency in the quality and promised
protection level in finished door-sets.
“A fire-rated door-set is tested as a
complete system, so there is absolutely no
scope to substitute the components at a
later stage, no matter how small. We can
help eliminate the risk of fasteners being
substituted through a process of regular
reviews and monitoring to provide
assurance to end-customers.”
Paul Balfe, technical consultant at
Rapierstar, said: “Any door is only as good
Rapierstar
www.rapierstar.com
January 2020
EF 7/73
Products
Rawlplug products in space
Rawlplug DIN 7984 screws were used
to build the NASA Mars Curiosity rover
which, as part of the Mars Science
Laboratory
programme,
performs
research on the former and current
environment on the Red planet.
Curiosity is the largest and most
technologically advanced vehicle so far
sent to Mars by NASA.
Due to the extreme conditions to be
faced by the Curiosity vehicle, only
elements capable of meeting the highest
demands in terms of resistance to
external factors were selected during the
design process.
Among
the
priorities
for
the
development of the project was weight
reduction which, given that the surface
of Mars ranges in temperature between
-127º and +40º Celsius, was a difficult
task.
The vehicle demanded solid construction
and strength.
Curiosity’s mission in the Mars crater
was originally planned to last 687 days
but, given the robust elements and
construction of the vehicle, the period
has been extended.
▲
Rawlplug DIN 7984 screws are in use on NASA’s Mars Curiosity
Rawlplug
www.rawlplug.co.uk
Jubilee Clips – British made, world class
The worm drive hose clip was invented
almost 100 years ago by Commander
Lumley Robinson. The company he
founded, Jubilee® Clips, still produces hose
clamps in its factory in Gillingham, Kent,
UK.
Jubilee Clips offers a full range of hose
clips, including the Original Range worm
drive hose clips for a wide range of
applications.
High Torque clips and Superclamps offer a
choice of different types of clamp for high
pressure and heavy duty applications,
while the all-new Flexiband band and
buckle clamping system can be used in
tamper-proof applications such as sign
fixing.
Multiband cut-to-length banding and
Quick-release straps are a solution for
ventilation and ducting applications, and
the company also produces Light Range
and Wingspade worm drive clips, P-clips,
O-clips and nut-and-bolt fuel line clips.
EF 8/74
January 2020
Downtime resulting from failure
of a hose clip can be extremely
costly.
This is why some of the world’s
leading manufacturers specify
Jubilee Clips for use on their
assembly lines.
Jubilee Clips’ Original Range
and High Torque worm drive
hose clips in stainless steel are
approved by Lloyd’s Register
for use in marine, offshore and
industrial applications.
The British Standard BS5315:1991
is one of the most stringent
▲ A range of hose clamps from Jubilee Clips
standards for hose clips in the
world. By adhering to this standard and Jubilee Clips are claimed to have excepbeing awarded the Kitemark by the tional sealing properties, able to withstand
British Standards Institute for its Original very high tightening torques and offer a
Range of worm drive hose clips, Jubilee high level of corrosion resistance.
Clips demonstrates dedication to
producing hose clamps of the highest Jubilee Clips
www.jubileeclips.co.uk
quality.
www.read-eurofasteners.com
Products
Plastic spring technology from Lee Spring
Engineers are increasingly seeing the
benefits of plastic spring technology,
as exemplified by Lee Spring in its LeeP
range.
By offering non-magnetic, non-corrosive
and chemically inert properties in a
lightweight package, LeeP springs are
described as often a complete solution
for applications in areas of medical device
manufacturing, pharmaceutical equipment, aerospace and lightweight/
portable instrumentation.
The LeeP range combines the strength
of metal springs with the attributes of
high-performing engineered thermoplastics – in this case, Ultem PEI
(polyetherimide) resin, which has
excellent thermal stability and electrical
insulation properties, while being
non-contaminating.
They have low flammability and are
recyclable in compliance with global
regulations, including RoHS and REACH.
LeeP plastic composite springs are
stocked in a variety of standard sizes,
each available in a range of strengths
formulated from different Ultem resins.
The five increasing strengths are easily
identifiable by distinct
colours:
red,
orange,
yellow, green and violet.
These plastic compression
springs offer high strengthto-weight ratios that optimise performance, while
reducing mass; they are
said to have excellent
stability of physical and
mechanical properties at
elevated temperatures up
to 170°C; high corrosion
resistance; and are generally
compatible
with
many chemicals, including
strong acids, weak bases,
aromatics and ketones.
▲
Plastic spring technology from Lee Spring
Their non-magnetic material does
not interfere with imaging and other
ferro-sensitive technologies and, being
of a dielectric insulating material, they are
suitable for non-conductive applications.
Being inert and non-contaminating, the
plastic composite protects the purity of
products they come in contact with.
Other applications include medical
products
and
processing
equipment, pharmaceutical delivery devices,
Light-weighting solution for attaching carbon
fibre and composite panels
imaging and X-ray equipment, food
processing and packaging equipment,
aerospace products, marine products,
electronics
and
electrical
equipment, water purification systems,
chemical environments, automotive
interiors, pollution control systems,
semi-conductors, instrumentation, communication devices, and cosmetics
packaging equipment.
Lee Spring
www.leespring.com
Index makes anchor
improvements
Index Fixing Systems has improved and
extended its range of structural MTH
anchors, with the introduction of a new
MTH-A2 anchor.
EFC International’s BCT
rivet nut is a best practice
light-weighting
solution
for attaching carbon fibre
and composite panels in
automotive
applications.
The rivet nuts are manufactured by BBA with BCT®
(bulge control technology).
Improvements in the design mean
that load performance is increased by
40 per cent in all three versions (zinc, A2
stainless steel and A4 stainless steel).
BCT rivet nuts are ultra-high
strength and engineered
to prevent cracking or
de-lamination of carbon
fibre panels. The patented
▲ EFC International’s BCT rivet nuts
design
enables
an
engineered yield point on the body of the rivet nut, ensuring the bulge formation
always begins beyond the panel and is drawn back on the panel. BCT rivet nuts can
be placed near the edge of the panel without risk of inducing a crack in the panel.
The installation process of BCT rivet nuts can be fully process-monitored and
controlled, and they can be installed into areas with limited rear side clearance. For
example, an M6 rivet nut needs only 8mm of rear side clearance prior to installation
and only 5mm after installation. This is suitable for use in thinner versions of
sandwich (composite) materials, avoiding the need for a through hole. The bulge
of the BCT product is strong enough to form by pushing away any material in the
sandwich material. In addition, by producing BCT rivet nuts from aluminium for use
in aluminium and magnesium, weight is said to be “dramatically reduced”.
EFC International
www.read-eurofasteners.com
www.efc-intl.com
▲
Anchor improvements from Index
The MTH range is designed for use in
concrete, reinforced concrete and stone.
Installation distances to the edge of the
material, and between anchors, can be
calculated using INDEXcal software.
Index Fixing Systems
www.indexfix.com
January 2020
EF 9/75
Products
Cable hangers’ evolution
Cable cleat manufacturer Ellis has shown
that innovation does not have to be
restricted to new product development,
having enhanced a product that has
been amongst its best-sellers for over
20 years.
Ellis’s technical team has taken the
company’s cable hangers, which are used
primarily in the rail industry, and made
them stronger and cheaper.
Stephen
Walton,
Ellis’s
technical
director, said: “We’ve been successfully
manufacturing and selling our cable
hangers for two decades, and it’s fair to
say that the design is tried, tested and
completely trusted by all those who
use it. But with the market for cable
hangers growing, and the number
of extremely similar products also
expanding, it was felt we needed to
improve on the design in order to
capitalise on new opportunities, while
at the same time protecting our current
customer base.”
Ellis achieved this by looking at every
aspect of the product and exploring ways
to improve on it.
The first key development is that
there are two versions of the new Ellis
cable hanger – a standard Mk2 cable
hanger, and a convex hanger; the latter
is designed specifically for use in tunnels,
where the mounting surface is often
curved.
Benefits of the new Mk2 cable hangers
include:
• Rounded corners that reduce snagging points
• Spin galvanised (55µm or 150µm
thickness) to protect against erosion
• Only 6mm thick, leading to reduced
product and shipping costs
• Wide range of sizes available
• Suitable for cables up to 100mm
diameter
• Custom designs available
• Rolled designs for tunnels available
Meanwhile, the convex cable hanger has
all the benefits of Mk2 plus the removal
of all sharp edges, while offering the same
strength as the Mk2, but being only 5mm
thick.
“To take a product that to all intents and
purposes was a commodity product, and
redesign it in a manner that makes it not
only better, but also cheaper and stronger
than anything else on the market, goes
to show the commitment we have at
Ellis to not just sell cable cleats and cable
hangers, but to sell the very best,” added
Mr Walton.
▲
New cable hangers, stronger and cheaper from Ellis
Ellis
www.ellispatents.co.uk
Quarter-turn catches in stainless steel
The EMKA range of stainless
steel quarter-turn catches now
includes the new Program 1000
System incorporating a sealed
cover.
This is thought to be especially
valuable for railway applications, and for other situations
where a floor-mounted latch
is required. The sealed cover
prevents the infiltration of dirt
and moisture into the latch
mechanism.
The threaded cover may be
used with a number of Program
1000 latches, which offer square,
slotted, triangular, hexagon and
proprietary railway key inserts.
▲
The new Program 1000 System is a new addition to EMKA’s range
The quarter-turn catch is
installed onto the floor-mounted cover plate or access panel. The O-ring sealed cover fits over it for protection and for a neat
flush appearance, and provides a safe footing for pedestrians.
EMKA
EF 10/76 January 2020
www.emka.com
www.read-eurofasteners.com
Products
EFC’s utility pole fastening solution
EFC International, a supplier of
engineered fasteners, has announced the
approval of Sherex Fastening Solutions’
Large Size rivet nuts for use in steel utility
poles by a leading energy company.
The approval is in accordance with
the specification Tubular Steel Pole
Transmission Line Structures SES-PD027.
The specification covers the minimum
requirements for the design, drawings,
material, fabrication, welding, coating,
inspection and delivery of tubular steel
pole structures.
Sherex Large Size rivet nuts eliminate the
welding process and reduce the number
of components for installation.
They also allow for a safer, one-handed
installation of the step bolts in the field.
Paul Musgrove, industrial and distribution sales manager, said: “This is a
▲
Large Size rivet nuts for use in steel utility poles from EFC
significant cost savings for pole and tower
manufacturers and we are excited to
bring this product to the market.”
The new rivet nuts exceed application
performance and safety requirements,
including
maximum
retention
in
fibreglass material and increased spin
out resistance for pole structures. It is
thought the rivet nut will serve other
industries including automotive, truck,
agriculture, heavy equipment, rail and
HVAC.
EFC International
www.efc-intl.com
Lidl headquarters – a Lindapter case study
German discount supermarket chain Lidl has built its new
headquarters on a 4.6ha area with a gross floor area of
130,000m2 in Heilbronn, Germany. The project involved the
construction of an office building, meeting rooms, a reception
facility, cafeteria, underground parking facilities, fitness centre,
logistics facilities and outdoor parking facilities.
A hot dip galvanised (HDG) finish was also specified for the
girder clamps to provide a high level of corrosion protection. The
decision to use Lindapter type A girder clamps was influenced by
independent technical accreditations, which include the CE mark
(ETA-13/0300), TÜV and Lloyd’s Register approvals. Secondary
steel sections were fixed onto the existing concrete façade in
preparation for the T-shaped brackets to be installed.
The brackets were connected to the steel sections using
Lindapter type A girder clamps through the end plates in a
four-bolt configuration. Installation was quick and easy as each
bolt is simply inserted into the pre-drilled holes with the type A
on one end and the nut on the other.
The recessed top of the clamp holds the bolt captive while the
nut is tightened with a torque wrench to the recommended
tightening torque. This arrangement provided the necessary
standoff distance from the original structure and allowed the
large cladding panels to be attached to the other end of the
T-shaped brackets to complete the installation.
▲
Cladding panels fitted by Colt International on the new Lidl headquarters in
Germany
Part of the development included a requirement for a façade sun
protection cladding system for the multi-storey staff car park.
Main contractor Leonhard Weiss sub-contracted this building
element to Colt International, a specialist cladding designer
and installer. The challenge was to find a suitable method of
connecting the cladding system to the steel structure on the car
park, and one that was easy to install.
The engineers at Colt International designed a T-shaped steel
bracket with an end plate incorporating four pre-drilled holes.
Lindapter type A girder clamps with M12 bolts were specified
for the end plate connection to achieve the required tensile
resistance and safe working load.
www.read-eurofasteners.com
Lindapter type A girder clamps provided a drilling- and weld- free
connection on-site that was quick and easy to install. The clamps
are fully adjustable, which gave the contractor the ability during
installation to manoeuvre the brackets into their final positions
before fully tightening them.
Benefits of the type A:
• Recessed top holds the bolt captive while the nut is
tightened
• Fully adjustable on-site to provide an easy installation
• Supports up to 78.8kN tensile in four-bolt configuration
• HDG finish offers a low-maintenance solution
• CE mark (ETA-13/0300), TÜV and Lloyd’s Register approvals
Colt International
www.coltinfo.co.uk
January 2020
EF 11/77
30 t
3 rd hM
Ap ar
ril ch
20 20
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• Industry news
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• Latest technology news
• Technical articles
• Specialist features
• New Fasteners section for 2020
Manufacturing Technology
▲
On the right successful track at KTM with the 450 SX-F engine
Fastener management
system proves a winner
Manufacturing high-quality products
is always serious business – even when
the products are used for fun. KTM
AG, for example, builds each of its
off-road motorcycles with top-notch
and thoroughly tested parts so that
each model is “ready to race”. Riders of
the motorcycles appreciate this level of
commitment, and have driven KTM bikes
to win more than 200 world championship
titles over the past 27 years.
Graphics bigstockphoto.com Artist Youra_P
KTM is the largest motorcycle manufacturer in Europe, with annual sales of
more than 200,000 off-road motorcycles
worldwide.
The company also makes a wide variety
of street bikes and two-seater sports
cars. KTM’s growth has brought with
it some production challenges at its
non-engine plant in Mattighofen, Austria.
A major one, according to Christian
Reiter, materials group manager at KTM,
is the need for workers to better manage
their use of fasteners and connecting
components (ie, C-parts) during the busy
spring season.
Monitoring and re-ordering of C-parts
was done manually for many years.
Unfortunately, this approach often
www.read-eurofasteners.com
79
resulted in empty parts bins and
production delays during the busy
season. To help workers respond better
to seasonal fluctuations, KTM recently
switched to the ECOSIT bin system
made by the Bollhoff Group. This system
consists of an RFID antenna, RFID tags
on bin labels and enterprise resource
planning (ERP) software. KTM kept its bin
shelves, and with Bollhoff ’s help, installed
and commissioned the system in only
one day.
During production, workers take parts
from each bin as needed. Once a bin is
empty, it is placed in a collection box next
to the shelf, and data is automatically
transmitted from the bin’s RFID tag to
the ERP software. This process takes only
a few seconds and immediately notifies
stock workers, via computer, to promptly
refill the specific bin.
Mr Reiter and others at KTM are very
impressed with the system, citing
many important benefits. First, the
risk of C-parts being unavailable has
essentially been eliminated, thereby
cushioning seasonal demand fluctuations
in production. In addition, delivery of
replenishment parts requires no manual
ordering and is considerably faster, easier
and more reliable than before. Empty
bins are often replaced within one day.
According to Mr Reiter, the ECOSIT system
also reduces the need for excessive
inventory, and improves inventory
security and tidiness.
Bettina Schober, purchasing manager at
KTM, says that, despite reducing inventory
values, the RFID-based system enables
the company to always stay on top of
demand fluctuations in material supply.
The system’s benefits convinced KTM
to implement the ECOSIT system at the
warehouse of its engine assembly plant
in Munderfing, Austria. This warehouse
features high shelves loaded with
boxes and pallets of all the parts for
engine assembly: spark plugs, pistons,
transmission components, cylinder studs,
clutch springs and electric starters. An SX-F
engine, for example, consists of 389 parts
and 78 screws.
Nearly 200 people work at Munderfing,
producing 13 different types of engine.
Daily production volume is 300 to 400
units, including two-stroke, four-stroke,
single- and twin-cylinder models.
KTM Group
www.ktmgroup.com
January 2020
EF 13/79
Manufacturing
Technology
Wafios has a new process for hairpin
production
Wafios has developed what is described as “the most flexible
machine currently available on the market”, specifically for the
production of bent wire hairpins.
This flexible new process means that the majority of hairpin
geometries for a stator, including the connection assemblies
required, can be manufactured in any sequence without the
need to change tools.
A patent application has been filed for the new process that
enables bending work to be accurate, and free of physical
damage. The measurement and feedback control algorithms
employed ensure that the machine is able to monitor and
control itself during production operations.
Geometric programming dispenses with the need for the user
to program individual CNC axes, and speeds the definition of
hairpin geometry.
Flexibility depends on the geometric programming of bending
parts and/or hairpins. The Wafios controller WPS 3.2 EasyWay
also allows users to import 3D geometries automatically with
STEP/IGES files.
After the coordinates have been imported, the requisite bending
program can be produced automatically.
There is also the option of integrating and using the simulation
tool to run through the complete production sequence of the
bending component.
The entire process is simulated using a digital twin, including
machines, tools and workpieces to create a dependable collision
check in advance.
▲
A new process for hairpin production from Wafios
The entire production planning process, including the
programming of parts, simulation, definition of cycle time and
the collision check, can be performed in a parallel manner at an
external programming station.
In addition, simulation is used to establish the optimum tool
arrangement for the specific bending part.
Wafios
www.wafios.com
Second Aichelin furnace for fasteners
Swedish fastener manufacturer Bulten
commissioned the Austrian heat
treatment specialist Aichelin with the
production of a cast link belt furnace for
the refinement of high-strength steel
screws and nuts.
▼
The new furnace at Bulten
At 80m length, the furnace plant has
a performance of two tons per hour.
It is the second industrial furnace plant
for the Swedish Hallstahammar site.
This is the second 2,000kg/h cast link
belt furnace plant supplied by Aichelin
to Bulten. Thanks to the positive
references at Bulten,
the current project was
finalised within a few
months between the
first request and the final
negotiation.
The plant line measures
80m x 10m and weighs
around
180
tons;
counting liquids and
components,
it
can
weigh up to 230 tons.
Aichelin is delivering the
electrically heated hightemperature hardening
furnace and the pro-
EF 14/80
January 2020
tective-gas-tight tempering furnace
with oil or emulsion hardening baths.
Measuring and switching systems are
included, along with the process control
system FOCOS 4.0 for the new plant (as
well as an update of the data acquisition
of the existing plant) and a protective
gas generator.
As with the previous order, the customer
provides the loading and unloading
device and the component washing
machines under their own direction.
Aichelin GesmbH, with head-quarters
in Mödling near Vienna, is a leading
European company for high-quality
industrial plants and systems for thermal
and thermo-chemical heat treatment of
metallic components.
Bulten AB
www.bulten.com
Aichelin Group
www.aichelin.com
www.read-eurofasteners.com
Manufacturing
Technology
Spring calculator for
professionals
WTI invests in dyeing
technology
WTI prides itself on adapting to new
trends and developments within
the fastenings market, and has
invested in a new machine to keep
up with the increasing demand for
dyed inserts.
The Rotamat R60 is an innovative
coating system that allows the
company to colour its inserts with
optimum control and efficiency,
with the fully automatic spraying
system and rotating drum ensuring a
uniform dye coating.
Though
specially
designed
to
colour small components, the easily
exchangeable drum sizes enable
WTI to colour a variety of insert sizes
in a range of quantities, meaning
it can quickly adapt to customer
needs.
▲
Spring Calculator Professional software from the Institute of Spring Technology
Integral to the Institute of Spring Technology (IST) is the design, production,
consultation and accreditation process within the spring industry. To assist this, IST has
developed software, Spring Calculator Professional (or SCP for short), that facilitates
and simplifies the creation of even the most challenging spring designs.
SCP has continued to evolve since its creation in 1988, and is widely recognised by
industry professionals. The software allows designers to create designs and validation
work throughout the whole of the project, for a range of spring types.
Spring Calculator Professional is user-friendly software that allows spring
characteristics to be evaluated. The user can make changes to materials, design
standards and spring parameters, which are quickly and automatically assessed. The
designer gets a clear overview of a spring that is fit for purpose with the assurance of
correct design.
The process is further streamlined due
to the Rotamat’s sensitive IR sensors,
which carefully monitor and adjust
the temperature of heated inserts
to allow them to dry during the
colouring process.
This removes the need for further
treatment, so WTI can despatch dyed
inserts faster than before.
With repeatable, visually homogeneous results, the new machine
enables WTI to provide dyed inserts
to high quality standards in low
lead times, allowing WTI to meet
the increasing industrial demand
for coloured inserts as a means of
identification.
Using the software aids the entire design process, saves time and reduces human
errors. The life of the designed spring at various operating positions can be predicted
using fatigue and relaxation data based on the Institute of Spring Technology’s own
research, drawn from many years of experience and testing.
Other key features included in the SCP software are that it provides Goodman
diagrams, load/length, and other graphical tools to help evaluate the design. In
addition, there are options to allow a design to be optimised to fit in with “real-world
constraints” such as limited space for the spring when it is integrated into equipment.
Graphical and test-based data are available, including engineering drawings. Spring
design drawing documentation can be customised with a company name and logo,
which adds to the professionalism of design projects.
Choosing to use SCP design software can ensure that the spring is designed with the
exact and correct tolerances, therefore preventing unnecessary failures.
The Institute of Spring Technology has complete confidence in its Spring Calculator
Professional software – made by the professionals for professionals.
Institute of Spring Technology
www.ist.org.uk
www.read-eurofasteners.com
▲
WTI has a new machine for dyed inserts
Red dyed inserts are currently the most
popularly requested colouring option,
particularly for screw locking inserts,
though the company also offers blue
dyed inserts and green dyed inserts
upon request.
WTI
www.wti-fasteners.co.uk
January 2020
EF 15/81
Manufacturing
Technology
William Hughes – endurance
testing for springs
▲
Two new compression spring fatigue testing machines from Micro Studio are in use by William Hughes
William Hughes has increased its component endurance testing
capabilities with the acquisition of two new compression spring
fatigue testing machines from Italian test equipment specialist
Micro Studio.
With the investment in these new machines William Hughes
can test fatigue on compression, tension and some torsion
springs.
There are also facilities for endurance testing of torsion bars and
seat mats. This enables the company to guarantee its springs will
meet customer requirements for a minimum number of cycles
without breaking.
Springs in different applications are subject to different levels of
usage – from modest usage in an automotive seat mechanism
to much more demanding duties in typical aeronautical
applications – and it can be important to have data for spring
fatigue in these real-world tasks.
“Fatigue is not just a body function for athletes,” says William
Hughes technical director Emma Burgon. “Any component
working in a dynamic application is prone to fatigue. We
can – and do – model theoretical lifespan, and that’s useful
information, but practice can differ from theory so the only way
to guarantee lifespan is to test in real life.”
The new machines enable William Hughes to test large numbers
of cycles on compression springs very quickly, establishing the
minimum number of operations a component or assembly can
achieve.
“More and more customers are demanding within their
EF 16/82
January 2020
production specification that a certain component must be able
to achieve a given number of operations,” explained Ms Burgon.
“If a main assembly has to meet, say, 20,000 cycles, then all of
the components within that assembly must be able to meet
that cycle requirement, under stress conditions, even if they’re
not involved in all actions. Knowing that a particular spring
will not fail during those 20,000 operations gives the customer
confidence, and means he can in turn guarantee the safety of the
whole assembly.”
With two machines, William Hughes can test up to
24 springs simultaneously, with the machines ensuring accurate
strain tests of compression springs, even at the highest speeds.
The equipment gives William Hughes the capability to test
springs up to a load of 30kN as standard, and the machines can
be equipped to test springs up to a load of 40kN.
The company can fatigue springs to specified numbers of cycles
without breaking, or until the spring breaks. When a spring does
finally break, the machines record the number of cycles achieved
at that point.
“It’s not unusual for us to be asked to produce springs that
will offer spring lifecycles of tens of thousands or even tens of
millions of operations without breaking,” said Ms Burgon.
Ms Burgon added “With these new machines, we can back up
spring theory with real-world testing, and offer the guarantees
that give our customers the highest levels of confidence.”
William Hughes
www.wmhughes.co.uk
www.read-eurofasteners.com
Industry & technology news from
the world of fasteners
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January 2020
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wire 2020 Preview
International Wire and Cable Trade Fair, Düsseldorf, Germany
The Fairgrounds, Düsseldorf. Opening times: Monday to Thursday: 9.00am–6.00pm, Friday: 9.00am–4.30pm
More than 1,400 exhibitors and 42,000 trade visitors
are expected in Düsseldorf in March for wire 2020 –
the largest exhibition in the wire and cable calendar.
Running alongside Tube Düsseldorf, the Fairgrounds
will become the centre of attention for the industry at
the week-long exhibition. And this year the new Hall
1 and South entrance will be in use following its initial
opening in September last year. With some 12,000m2
of floor space, Hall 1 provides space for around 10,000
people. And at 158m long and 77m wide, it also has no
internal supporting pillars.
Also making its debut at this year’s exhibition will
be the extended fasteners section, ensuring that
organisers Messe Düsseldorf caters for the entire supply
chain of this sector.
The current list of exhibitors can be found on the
following pages.
www.wire.de
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January 2020
85
wire 2020 preview
30 March – 3 April
Alphabetical list of exhibitors
Listing correct at time of going to press, December 2019
Exhibitor .......................................................................................................Hall/Stand
3View.Com, Inc ....................................................................................................16 H67
A-Tech Co, Ltd CNC ............................................................................................16 H42
A Appiani Srl .........................................................................................................11 G32
Ampere Deutschland GmbH ..........................................................................11 G02
ATR Srl .....................................................................................................................13 D46
AWM SpA ............................................................................................................... 15 C26
Aachener Maschinenbau GmbH................................................................... 16 E50
Aamor Inox Ltd.................................................................................................... 14 C17
Abhar Polymer Compounds Abbas Moayed ............................................ 14 E04
ABZ (Shanghai) Smart Technology Co, Ltd ...............................................11 A41
Acciai Speciali Zorzetto Srl ..............................................................................12 D59
Acciaierie Bertoli Safau SpA............................................................................14 A04
Acciaierie Valbruna SpA ................................................................................... 12 C60
Acciaierie Venete SpA ....................................................................................... 12 C44
Acenta Steel Ltd .................................................................................................. 12 B55
ACIMAF................................................................................................................... 11 B51
ACMMT AB ............................................................................................................ 09 E40
ACOTEQ GmbH....................................................................................................11 G33
ADC SARL .............................................................................................................. 09 C04
Advaris Informationssysteme GmbH .......................................................... 09 B54
AEI Machines Ltd ................................................................................................11 D14
AESA SA AESA Cortaillod .................................................................................10 A38
AFH-Antriebstechnik GmbH...........................................................................12 A50
AGAPE Industrial, Inc..................................................................................09 D16-06
AGIBI Progetti Srl ................................................................................................16 D04
AGRO Steel Wire GmbH.................................................................................... 10 C31
AGST Draht & Biegetechnik GmbH ..............................................................10 A32
Aichelin Holding GmbH ................................................................................... 16 F63
AIM, Inc ..................................................................................................................11 A21
Air Control Industries Ltd ................................................................................ 14 E11
Ajex & Turner Wire Dies Co .............................................................................. 11 C02
Akcelik Demir Celik San Tic AS ....................................................................... 13 B23
Aksh Optifibre Ltd ..............................................................................................14 D03
Albaksan Alasimli Bakir San ve Tic AS .....................................................14 C54-3
ALECOSA Aleados del Cobre SA....................................................................09 A11
Alfred Wertli AG....................................................................................................11 J60
All Steels Trading Ltd ......................................................................................... 12 B09
Alloy Wire International Ltd ............................................................................ 11 E26
Almetha GmbH ....................................................................................................11 J68
Alok Ingots (Mumbai) Pvt Ltd ........................................................................14 A68
ALP Steel Metal San ve Tic AS ........................................................................ 14 B48
Alroc SAS ...............................................................................................................12 A51
Altec Srl ..................................................................................................................11 A42
Altin Kural Uluslararasi Metal Makine Danismanlik ........................... 14 E59-3
Altman Technologies, Inc ..........................................................................09 E06-04
Altrimex Packaging Equipment BV ..............................................................16 H73
Amada Orii Co, Ltd .............................................................................................16 G22
Ambica Steels Ltd ............................................................................................... 14 B34
Ambrell B V ...........................................................................................................11 H32
Amic SARL .............................................................................................................10 H22
AMPAC International Inc ..................................................................................11 A02
Anand Arc Ltd ......................................................................................................11 D30
Anbao Qinhuangdao International Corp................................................... 14 F54
Anordica AB .......................................................................................................... 12 E25
Anping Yuze Hardware Wire Mesh Co, Ltd ................................................ 15 C60
Anu Extrusions Pvt Ltd ..................................................................................... 16 F49
Aperam Alloys Imphy SAS ...............................................................................12 A32
Ara Makina Imalat Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd................................................ 14 D54-2
Arcelormittal Commercial Sections SA.......................................................12 D34
Area Sistemi Srl.................................................................................................... 10 E68
Arma-Plus SAS .....................................................................................................15 G04
Artofil BV................................................................................................................ 11 B01
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ASA-RT Srl.............................................................................................................. 09 C21
Asahi-Seiki Manufacturing Co, Ltd ...............................................................16 G29
Ascometal SAS.....................................................................................................12 A28
Ascotex Ltd ........................................................................................................... 11 B60
ASEL – Spring Machine Production ............................................................. 16 C25
Asil Celik San ve Tic AS ...................................................................................... 12 E56
Aslanli Metalurji ve Metal Urunleri Sanayi Ticaret AS ............................ 14 B19
ASMAG GmbH ..................................................................................................... 09 C06
ASO Siderurgica SpA Unipersonale .............................................................13 A13
Associated Machinery Corp Ltd .................................................................... 14 B20
Assomac Machines Ltd ..................................................................................... 11 B17
Asteq Srl Wire Reinforcing Machines........................................................... 15 E29
AstroPlast Kunststofftechnik GmbH & Co KG ............................................11 J74
AT Wire GmbH & Co KG..................................................................................... 09 F56
ATE Applicazioni Termo Elettroniche Srl .................................................... 11 C77
August Hildebrandt GmbH ............................................................................. 12 E71
August Strecker GmbH & Co KG....................................................................10 A21
Aurubis AG ............................................................................................................ 12 C34
Auto Link (Shenzhen) Technology Co, Ltd ................................................16 A18
Avar Kompozit Ürünleri San ve Tic AS......................................................... 09 B60
Aversion Technologies, Inc.............................................................................. 12 C05
Avtar Steel Ltd ..................................................................................................... 14 B29
AW Machinery LLC .......................................................................................09 E10-05
Axjo Plastic AB .....................................................................................................12 A56
Aymak Makine Mühendislik Hiz San ve Tic Ltd Sti...................................11 J77
Aztech Lubricants LLC ................................................................................09 F06-02
B + B Eisen- und Stahlhandel GmbH ........................................................... 12 C02
B S Shakti Steel Pvt Ltd .....................................................................................14 A05
B2K Wire Co, Ltd ..................................................................................................14 G43
Baicheng Fujia Technology Co, Ltd .............................................................. 17 E35
Balloffet SAS .........................................................................................................10 A12
Bar Products & Services Ltd ............................................................................ 11 F05
Barcelona Performance Yarns SL................................................................... 14 F33
Baremo GmbH Revisionen Montagen .........................................................11 J09
Bartell Machinery Systems LLC...................................................................... 09 B74
BASF SE .................................................................................................................. 09 C22
Bass GmbH & Co KG Technik für Gewinde.................................................16 G69
Baudrand New Tech Europe EURL ................................................................16 H04
BB Spring Technology Srl.................................................................................16 H17
bedea Berkenhoff & Drebes GmbH .............................................................12 A16
Bedmutha Industries Ltd .................................................................................14 D72
BEGRA Granulate GmbH & Co KG .................................................................12 A60
Beijing Holland Co, Ltd ..................................................................................... 16 F81
Beijing Tongdaxinming International Trading Co................................... 16 F79
Bekaert NV/SA ..................................................................................................... 10 E60
Beneke Wire Company .....................................................................................09 A77
Bennett Mahler Ltd ............................................................................................ 16 E04
Berdan Civata ...................................................................................................14 C53-1
Bergandi Machinery Co Inc............................................................................. 09 B04
Berkenhoff GmbH .............................................................................................. 12 C12
Besel Basim San ve Tic AS ................................................................................12 D13
BGH Edelstahlwerke GmbH ............................................................................12 A12
Bharat Wire Ropes Ltd....................................................................................... 14 C38
BHH Mikrohuta Sp z oo .................................................................................... 12 C60
Bilwinco A/S .........................................................................................................16 H41
Bimeks Tel AS ...................................................................................................14 C53-3
Blachford Corporation ...................................................................................... 09 E02
BLM SpA................................................................................................................. 10 F21
BMS Birlesik Metal San ve Tic AS ................................................................... 14 B04
Boffi SpA ................................................................................................................10 H67
Bogdany Petrol Kft ............................................................................................. 12 E29
bogimac engineering nv-sa............................................................................ 09 E01
Böllinghaus Steel GmbH .................................................................................. 12 B34
Bongard Machines GmbH & Co KG .............................................................. 11 B25
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wire 2020 preview
30 March – 3 April
Bonotto Packaging Srl ...................................................................................... 14 E33
Boockmann Engineering GmbH ................................................................... 09 C34
Borealis AG ............................................................................................................10 D72
Borkener Kistenfabrik GmbH .........................................................................09 A59
Bottaro Srl .............................................................................................................14 D20
BoWiTec GmbH Wire Band Technology ......................................................13 A28
Boxy SpA................................................................................................................ 10 C51
Bozalioglu Orman Urunleri ..............................................................................11 J31
Bozdemir Makina................................................................................................13 A35
British Steel Ltd ...................................................................................................12 A44
Brouwer Metaal BV ............................................................................................15 D26
Brune GmbH......................................................................................................... 16 C78
BS Stainless Ltd ...................................................................................................14 A13
Buch Estrimec SL ................................................................................................16 A17
Burk Ziehwerkzeuge – Poliermaschinen.................................................... 12 B03
burster cable measurement GmbH ............................................................. 11 F01
Buss AG .................................................................................................................. 09 C50
BWE Ltd ..................................................................................................................11 G26
Byelorussian Steel Works OJSC ......................................................................14 A52
CD Wälzholz GmbH & Co KG...........................................................................14 A18
Caber Impianti Srl ............................................................................................... 16 E41
Câbleries Namuroises SA ................................................................................. 14 F52
Cabopol – Polymer Compounds, SA ...........................................................12 A02
Cabrol – Universal Wires LLC ...........................................................................11 J39
CAESA Special Profiles ...................................................................................... 11 C51
CAG Celik Endüstri Anonim Sirketi............................................................... 14 C51
Caleotto SpA ........................................................................................................ 12 E47
Calmec Precision Ltd ...................................................................................09 E14-01
Calvi SpA ................................................................................................................ 12 C59
Camfart Mole Abrasive Srl ............................................................................... 16 C13
Can-Eng Furnaces International Ltd ............................................................ 16 B63
Candor Sweden AB ............................................................................................ 10 B72
Carl Bechem GmbH ........................................................................................... 09 F42
Carl Bechem GmbH ........................................................................................... 16 B30
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Carlo Salvi SpA..................................................................................................... 16 C58
Castelnuovo Oreste ...........................................................................................14 A64
CB Trafilati Acciai SpA – Steelgroup .............................................................11 D58
CEA Costruzioni Elettromeccaniche Annettoni SpA.............................. 15 B50
CEIA SpA Induction Heating Generators ................................................... 16 E64
CEL-Mer Celik Endustrisi AS ............................................................................14 D52
Celik Halat Ve Tel Sanayii AS ...........................................................................14 A38
Central Wire Industries UK Ltd ....................................................................... 11 B52
CeramTec GmbH ................................................................................................. 10 B46
Ceratizit SA............................................................................................................ 09 C53
Cerrini Srl ............................................................................................................... 10 C41
Cersa-MCI SAS...................................................................................................... 10 C38
Ceviz Pres Dokum Sanayi ve Ticaret AS ...................................................... 16 B74
Champs Technologies SpA.............................................................................. 16 F74
Chase Neptco Inc................................................................................................ 09 E41
Chemische Werke Kluthe GmbH................................................................... 13 B20
Chengdu Centran Imp & Exp Co, Ltd........................................................... 09 F77
Chhaperia International Company .............................................................. 14 E47
Chi Ning Co, Ltd ..................................................................................................16 A72
Ching Chan Optical Technology Co, Ltd .................................................... 16 E77
Chum Yuan Co, Ltd.............................................................................................16 A78
Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co, Ltd .......................................................... 16 E73
Cimteq Ltd ............................................................................................................11 D15
Claus Bender Werkzeugbau GmbH & Co KG ............................................ 09 B78
Clinton Instrument Company ........................................................................ 09 E38
CM Manzoni SpA Evercompounds SpA .....................................................14 A72
CMC Poland Sp z oo .......................................................................................... 13 B29
Cogebi as ...............................................................................................................10 H38
Cogeim Europe Srl .............................................................................................11 D57
Cogne Acciai Speciali SpA ...............................................................................11 H22
Cogne Stainless Bars SA ...................................................................................11 H22
Cokyasar Halat Makina Tel Galv San Tic AS ...............................................14 A54
Collari snc di Collari Gian Luca e Valeria .....................................................11 G63
Colmec SpA ..........................................................................................................11 H31
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Cometo Srl ............................................................................................................ 09 C54
Comtech Srl .......................................................................................................... 16 E13
Concertina Razor Wire Co Ltd ....................................................................14 C54-4
Condat Lubricants SAS .....................................................................................10 A52
Condat Lubricants SAS ..................................................................................... 16 B59
Condor Compounds GmbH............................................................................ 12 E55
Condorchem Envitech SL ................................................................................ 13 B48
Condoroil Chemical Srl ..................................................................................... 10 B48
Conductix Wampfler France SAS .................................................................. 11 E78
Confex Technology Ltd..................................................................................... 09 C38
Conflandey Industries SAS .............................................................................. 11 E74
Conoptica AS ....................................................................................................... 09 C33
Construcciones Mecanicas Jose Lazpiur, SLU........................................... 16 E59
Continuus-Properzi SpA...................................................................................11 G40
Copperclad SA de CV ..................................................................................09 E14-02
Coremo Ocmea SpA ..........................................................................................11 D69
Corning Incorporated ................................................................................09 D16-01
Coseco Srl ..............................................................................................................14 G33
CPM GmbH ...........................................................................................................16 G68
Craft Group OOO ................................................................................................13 D47
Cromogenia Units SA ........................................................................................ 11 F14
Crosspolimeri SpA .............................................................................................. 12 C22
CS Co, Ltd ..............................................................................................................13 D16
CSG Wiremachinery Solutions GmbH .........................................................15 A31
CSM Metalurji Imalat San ve Muhendislik Ltd Sti ...................................13 A29
CTR Carbide Dies (B’ham) Ltd ........................................................................ 16 C30
CY Carbide Mfg Co, Ltd.....................................................................................15 A50
Dalli Makine San Tic Ltd Sti .............................................................................13 A03
Dayi Plastik San ve Tic Ltd Sti ......................................................................... 09 B40
Delta Composants SA ....................................................................................... 17 B10
Delta Tecnic, SA ................................................................................................... 09 E49
DEM SpA ................................................................................................................11 G42
DEM SpA ................................................................................................................11 H04
Demasteel Srl .......................................................................................................11 A18
Demirci Makina San ve Tic Ltd Sti ................................................................. 15 C03
Demirhan ..............................................................................................................14 D30
Demirsan Soguk Cekme Sanayi Ticaret Anonim Sirketi .......................14 D11
Deuk-Young Co, Ltd ........................................................................................... 10 B68
Deutsche Nickel GmbH .................................................................................... 12 B43
DEX2 sprl ............................................................................................................... 09 C63
Die Quip Corporation.................................................................................09 D06-01
Diedr Hesse GmbH & Co KG............................................................................10 H28
Diler Demir Celik End Tic AS, Ltd ................................................................... 12 C72
Dimac Srl................................................................................................................16 H31
Dipl-Ing Fritz Lichthart Betriebsgesellschaft mbH ................................. 16 F22
Direct Wire & Cable Evolution Products ..................................................... 14 B28
Dirk Suski Drahtwalzwerkzeuge ...................................................................10 H46
DISA Industrie AG ............................................................................................... 10 E27
Dneprometiz PJSC ..............................................................................................14 G37
Dogan Tel Örgü ...............................................................................................14 C53-2
Domeks Makine Ltd Sti ....................................................................................10 A60
Dominion GmbH ................................................................................................12 D60
Domino Deutschland GmbH..........................................................................10 H06
DongGuan Better Part Mould Technology Co Ltd ..................................16 H68
Dongguan Gemwell Electrical Machinery Co, Ltd .................................. 09 F51
Dongguan Qingfeng Electrical Machinery Co, Ltd................................. 17 E35
Dongseo Auto Tech Co, Ltd ............................................................................16 H54
Dorstener Drahtwerke H W Brune & Co GmbH ........................................11 J25
Dow Europe GmbH Dow Wire & Cable .......................................................09 A40
Dr Werner Röhrs GmbH & Co KG................................................................... 17 B02
Drahtwerk Elisental W Erdmann GmbH & Co ........................................... 12 C56
Drahtwerk Friedr Lötters GmbH & Co KG...................................................10 A77
Drahtwerk GmbH & Co KG Fritz Finkernagel ............................................12 A31
Drahtwerk St Ingbert GmbH .......................................................................... 11 E74
Drawing Technology, Inc (DTI) .......................................................................16 A42
DSE Test Solutions A/S ...................................................................................... 09 F33
DSM Desotech BV...............................................................................................13 D14
DSR Corp................................................................................................................ 09 C42
Dura-ID Solutions Ltd ........................................................................................11 J71
Durit Hartmetall GmbH ....................................................................................09 A26
Durmaz Çelik San ve Tic AS ............................................................................. 14 B54
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Dusco Wire Co, Ltd ............................................................................................. 14 F30
Dutch Vision Systems GmbH ..........................................................................10 H24
DWK Drahtwerk Köln GmbH .......................................................................... 11 E74
E Ponziani SpA .....................................................................................................14 A37
ETK Srl .....................................................................................................................09 A73
Easydur Italiana di Renato Affri .....................................................................10 D16
ECM Datensysteme GmbH.............................................................................. 16 B66
Edentec Industria e Comercio Ltda.............................................................. 12 C06
EFFEGIDI International SpA ............................................................................ 10 B33
Eisendraht- und Stahldrahtvereinigung e V .............................................10 G52
EJP Maschinen GmbH .......................................................................................09 A12
EKM Steel Reel Co Ltd ....................................................................................... 11 B78
Ekomor sro ............................................................................................................11 H52
Ekstel doo ..............................................................................................................10 H12
Elantas Europe Srl............................................................................................... 10 F74
Elaskon Sachsen GmbH & Co KG ..................................................................14 D10
ELAV Srl .................................................................................................................. 10 F67
Elkem Silicones France SAS............................................................................. 13 B22
Elyon Industry Co, Ltd .......................................................................................14 G06
Emuco Ernst Müller & Co OHG....................................................................... 12 E34
Emvo Mühendislik.............................................................................................. 14 C27
Engelmann Drahtseilfabrik GmbH ...............................................................10 D60
Enkotec A/S .......................................................................................................... 16 E37
EOT Eibach Oberflächentechnik GmbH .....................................................11 G15
Er-Bakir Elektrolitik Bakir Mamulleri AS ...................................................... 10 C59
ErgoPack Deutschland GmbH ....................................................................... 14 B67
Erocarb SA ............................................................................................................. 10 C60
Esal Rod Alloys, SA .............................................................................................10 A33
ESF Elbe-Stahlwerke Feralpi GmbH .............................................................14 D71
Essen Steel Industry LLC .................................................................................. 14 E34
Esteves Group SA................................................................................................ 10 C72
Eurobend GmbH ................................................................................................. 15 E26
Eurodraw Wire Equipment Srl ........................................................................11 A60
Eurografite Srl ......................................................................................................14 G08
Eurolls Industrial SpA ........................................................................................11 D40
Euromicron Werkzeuge GmbH ...................................................................... 14 B63
European Spring Federation ESF eV ............................................................16 H21
Europiren BV......................................................................................................... 14 F17
Eurotek Srl .............................................................................................................11 G22
EVG Entwicklungs- und Verwertungs- Gesellschaft mbH ................... 15 F04
Excel Craft Machineries Pvt Ltd .....................................................................14 G44
Exelfil SA ................................................................................................................11 A25
Expometals.net Dell’oro di Dell’Oro Davide.............................................. 17 C10
EZM Edelstahlzieherei Mark GmbH .............................................................12 A16
FBC Yayincilik (Kablosan Turkey) Ltd Sti ......................................................11 J01
Fabricacion Metales Duros Sal FMD Carbide............................................ 15 C55
Fagersta Stainless AB ........................................................................................ 12 B34
Fainplast Srl .......................................................................................................... 12 E59
Falci Srl.................................................................................................................... 12 C59
Fapricela – Indústria D Trefilaria, SA.............................................................13 A45
FAR SpA – Steelgroup .......................................................................................11 D58
Farbwerke Herkula SA/AG ...............................................................................11 A55
Fasten Group Imp & Exp Co, Ltd....................................................................10 H50
Fastener Eurasia .................................................................................................. 17 C09
Fastener Technology International .......................................................09 D16-04
Fastener World Inc.............................................................................................. 16 F70
Fastmatec Fastener Manufacturing Technology, SL ..............................16 A65
Fenn, LLC .........................................................................................................09 E10-02
Feraxo nv ............................................................................................................... 11 C52
Ferriere Nord SpA ...............................................................................................12 D44
Fiav L Mazzacchera SpA ................................................................................... 12 C59
FIB Belgium SA .................................................................................................... 11 C60
Fil-Tec, Inc .......................................................................................................09 D16-03
Fine International Corp ..............................................................................09 E10-04
Firm Prominvest Plastic Ltd ............................................................................ 13 C04
Fisk Alloy Inc ...................................................................................................09 E14-03
Flanschenwerk Bebitz GmbH .........................................................................13 A89
Flymca, SL Fluidos y Mecanicas Cantabria ................................................ 10 F78
Flyro Used Cable Equipment, SL ................................................................... 10 F78
FMS Force Measuring Systems AG ................................................................11 J05
Forplan AG ............................................................................................................ 16 C74
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wire 2020 preview
30 March – 3 April
Forplas Plastik San Tic Ltd Sti.......................................................................... 14 F04
Fort Wayne Wire Die, Inc...................................................................................12 A27
Fortuna Federn GmbH....................................................................................... 16 F04
Fr und H Lüling GmbH & Co KG Stahldrahtwerk......................................11 H42
Framco Chemicals Oy........................................................................................ 17 C11
Frank Sieber GmbH tools and design..........................................................16 A68
Fratelli Rotta SNC.................................................................................................13 D33
Frekans Makina San ve Tic AS......................................................................... 11 B06
Friedrich Krollmann GmbH & Co KG............................................................. 12 B59
Froma Srl.................................................................................................................14 G24
Fröndenberger Drahtwerk GmbH.................................................................10 D60
FSP-One SAS.......................................................................................................... 10 B11
Fuchs Lubricants (UK) plc................................................................................. 14 C52
Fuhr GmbH............................................................................................................13 D13
Fuhr GmbH & Co KG...........................................................................................11 A50
G Klawe GmbH Holzwaren- und Spulenfabrik.........................................09 A50
GYM Co, Ltd........................................................................................................... 14 B30
G+M Dorn GmbH Drahttechnologie............................................................16 H22
Gabarro SA.............................................................................................................10 A42
Galdabini SpA.......................................................................................................09 A52
Garant Metiz Invest PJSC.................................................................................. 15 E20
Garg Inox Ltd........................................................................................................09 A74
GarnTec GmbH.....................................................................................................12 A61
Geca Tapes BV....................................................................................................... 10 E77
GeisslerWista GmbH........................................................................................... 12 C28
Gel Di Giussani E & L SNC.................................................................................17 D09
GEM Srl....................................................................................................................15 A25
Gema Europe sro................................................................................................. 16 C17
General Clad Co, Ltd...........................................................................................13 D21
General Inspection, LLC.................................................................................... 16 F64
GEO Reinigungstechnik GmbH......................................................................11 A32
Georgsmarienhütte GmbH.............................................................................. 12 C28
Georgsmarienhütte Holding GmbH............................................................. 12 C28
GEPE Technik GmbH...........................................................................................16 A77
German Machine Technics GMT ApS...........................................................15 A42
Gimac di Maccagnan Giorgio..........................................................................14 G34
Gimax Srl................................................................................................................. 10 B17
Giovanni Anceschi Srl........................................................................................ 16 C38
Global Special Steel Products SA...................................................................12 D47
Global Steel Wire, SA.......................................................................................... 12 C48
Gloser Srl Marketing & Technology...............................................................09 A78
GMH Blankstahl GmbH...................................................................................... 12 C28
GMM Güven Mühendislik Makina San Tic Ltd........................................... 11 F16
GMP Slovakia sro................................................................................................. 10 E32
Gökcüoglu Makina San ve Tic AS................................................................... 16 E42
Golden Spot Industry Inc................................................................................. 15 C56
Golden Technologies Wire & Cable Equipment Co..................................11 J73
Gotex SA.................................................................................................................09 A22
Grün & Köder GmbH.......................................................................................... 16 C41
Guidetti Srl............................................................................................................. 14 C29
Gunes Tel Cekme Sanayi ve Ticaret AS.........................................................14 A20
Guney Celik Hasir ve Demir Mamulleri San Tic AS................................... 12 E62
Gurfil Foil - Film - Tape & Machinery AS....................................................... 09 C39
Gutmann Aluminium Draht GmbH............................................................... 10 B60
GWI Werkzeug und Stahl Vertriebs GmbH................................................. 16 C37
Gwo Lian Machinery Industry Co, Ltd.......................................................... 11 E32
Gyscoal Alloys Ltd...............................................................................................14 D38
H Folke Sandelin AB............................................................................................ 10 C06
H&R ChemPharm (UK) Ltd...............................................................................12 A64
Habasit GmbH......................................................................................................16 H78
Häfner & Krullmann GmbH..............................................................................09 A25
Hagemann Systems GmbH..............................................................................14 D09
Hagener Feinstahl GmbH..................................................................................11 J42
Hamex Hardmetallverktyg AB........................................................................ 10 F77
Hampton Steel Ltd..............................................................................................15 A37
Hangzhou Dongxing Telecommunication Material Co, Ltd................ 15 B49
Hanil Machinery Co, Ltd.................................................................................... 09 E36
Hans Schmidt & Co GmbH............................................................................... 09 B22
Hanwha Chemical Corporation...................................................................... 10 B71
Hanyu Cable Materials Co, Ltd........................................................................12 D10
Harditalia div Diamil Srl.....................................................................................11 A78
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wire 2020 preview
30 March – 3 April
Hariton Machinery Co Inc................................................................................16 D64
Harms & Wende GmbH & Co KG ...................................................................13 D35
Has Celik ve Halat San Tic AS .......................................................................... 17 C18
Hascelik San ve Tic AS .......................................................................................12 A09
Hascor BV ..............................................................................................................14 G56
Haser Makina Sanayi Ticaret AS.................................................................14 C54-2
Hatebur Umformmaschinen AG ................................................................... 16 C58
Hawers Co, Ltd .....................................................................................................16 H55
HDS-Group GmbH ............................................................................................. 17 E12
Hebei Jiake Welding Equipment Co, Ltd ....................................................15 G10
Hebei Jiaoyang Wire Mesh Machine Co, Ltd .............................................15 A04
Hefei Smarter Technology Group Corp ......................................................11 H33
Hegewald & Peschke Meß- und Prüftechnik GmbH .............................. 13 C22
Heinze & Streng GmbH ....................................................................................11 A37
Helmut Steinfels GmbH & Co KG .................................................................. 16 E56
Henan Mi-Tel Imp & Exp Trading Co, Ltd .................................................... 09 F77
Herdon Machinery Ent Co, Ltd....................................................................... 16 E17
Hermann Klincke JH Sohn GmbH & Co KG................................................ 12 B33
Heroslam, SAL ...................................................................................................... 16 F28
Herzog GmbH ...................................................................................................... 09 C65
HF Mixing Group Harburg-Freudenberger
Maschinenbau GmbH ..................................................................................14 D27
Highvolt Prüftechnik Dresden GmbH .........................................................11 A26
Hindustan Inox Ltd ............................................................................................ 09 C77
Hivotec AG ............................................................................................................ 11 C01
HJ Polymer China Co, Ltd.................................................................................16 G81
HMP Heinrich Müller Maschinenfabrik GmbH......................................... 09 B42
Holifa Fröhling GmbH & Co KG ...................................................................... 11 C40
Holton Crest Ltd ..................................................................................................11 H39
Hörle Wire AB .......................................................................................................12 A43
Hosokawa Alpine Aktiengesellschaft..........................................................14 G09
Hubei Joint Intelligent Technology Co, Ltd ...............................................16 A09
Huei Shang Industrial Co, Ltd.........................................................................16 A04
Huesecken Wire GmbH ....................................................................................12 A43
Huestis Industrial ..........................................................................................09 E06-03
Hüttner Maschinenfabrik GmbH .................................................................. 10 C47
Hyodong Machine Co, Ltd ..............................................................................16 H59
I Penkert Metallbearbeitungs-GmbH .......................................................... 16 B37
ICE Wire Line Equipment Inc ..........................................................................11 D51
IFP SpA ...................................................................................................................11 A16
ITC Srl ...................................................................................................................... 13 B13
IBA SA .....................................................................................................................10 D26
ICDAS Celik Enerji Tersane ve Ulasim San AS............................................ 12 C16
Ideal-Werk C+ E Jungeblodt GmbH + Co KG ............................................15 D04
IFI Insertec Fornos Industriais Ltda Brasil................................................... 16 C55
iiM AG measurement + engineering ........................................................... 09 C49
Ikra Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi .......................................... 12 B60
Imanpack Packaging and Eco Solutions SpA ...........................................16 A66
imess Optische Mess- und Prüfanlagen GmbH ....................................... 16 F14
India Steel Works Ltd ......................................................................................... 14 B68
Indore Composite Pvt Ltd ...............................................................................11 G74
Inductotherm Heating & Welding Ltd ........................................................ 09 E54
Induflex NV ........................................................................................................... 10 B77
Inese, LDA...............................................................................................................11 J06
Info-Gel, LLC .........................................................................................................13 A10
Inhol BV .................................................................................................................. 12 E03
InnoVites Cable ERP Software BV ................................................................. 11 C16
Inosym Ltd ............................................................................................................11 D52
Inserlec SAS .......................................................................................................... 14 F18
Institut Dr Foerster GmbH & Co KG .............................................................. 09 C25
Institut Dr Foerster GmbH & Co KG .............................................................. 09 C26
Institute of Spring Technology Ltd............................................................... 16 F30
International Bron Metal GmbH.................................................................... 13 B45
Intras Ltd ................................................................................................................11 D26
Invimec Srl.............................................................................................................11 H30
Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co KG ...................................................... 11 B31
Isinox Metaltec Private Ltd .............................................................................. 11 C02
ISIS SAS ................................................................................................................... 09 B39
ITA SpA Industria Trafilati Acciai - Steelgroup ..........................................11 D58
Italmec Sp z oo ....................................................................................................11 D06
Itaya Europe GmbH ........................................................................................... 16 C03
90
January 2020
Itco Industries Ltd............................................................................................... 09 E55
Itec Co, Ltd ............................................................................................................09 A78
Ito-Sin (Deyang) Wire & Cable Equipment Co, Ltd ................................. 11 E14
IVA / Essex SAS ..................................................................................................... 09 F48
IVR Heat Treatment Furnaces ......................................................................... 13 B47
IWE Spulen und Handling GmbH ................................................................. 10 E22
IWMA – International Wire & Machinery Association Ltd ....................11 D22
J G Dahmen GmbH & Co KG ............................................................................11 J26
Jailaxmi Casting and Alloys Pvt Ltd .............................................................14 G61
Jasper Gesellschaft für Energiewirtschaft und Kybernetik mbH.......14 D67
Jenn Tai Machine Enterprise Co, Ltd ............................................................16 A70
Jern Yao Enterprises Co, Ltd ............................................................................ 16 C37
Jia Shan Sheng Chyean Precision Technology Co, Ltd .......................... 13 C11
Jianglong Cable Industry Co, Ltd.................................................................. 17 E36
Jiangsu Greenshine Supcon Tech Co, Ltd .................................................. 14 C10
Jiangsu Gt Inox Co, Ltd ..................................................................................... 14 B60
Jiangsu Handing Machinery Co, Ltd ............................................................15 A49
Jiangsu Hongze Stainless Steel Wire Rope Co, Ltd ................................. 16 F77
Jiangsu Huafei Alloy Material Technology Co, Ltd.................................. 14 C48
Jiangsu Kemaite Technology Development Co, Ltd ..............................12 A35
Jiangsu Netda Wire Products Co, Ltd .......................................................... 17 F30
Jiangsu Ninesky Optoelectronics Technology Co, Ltd ..........................14 A17
Jiangsu Reliable Industry Co, Ltd ..................................................................15 A47
Jiangsu Tiangu Wire Rope Co, Ltd ................................................................ 16 B77
Jiangsu Yonggao Wire Co, Ltd ........................................................................ 17 F30
Jiangyin Sinoland Trading Co, Ltd ................................................................ 16 C77
Jiangyin Strong Precision Technology Co, Ltd .........................................15 A56
Jiangyin Xingcheng Special Steel Works Co, Ltd.....................................15 A60
Jiaxing Eternal Electronic Co, Ltd..................................................................15 D59
Jinyang Technology Co, Ltd ............................................................................ 10 B32
JLC Electromet Pvt Ltd ...................................................................................... 12 C04
JNB Steel Industries Pvt Ltd ............................................................................14 G52
Joachim Uhing GmbH & Co KG ..................................................................... 11 B40
Jouhsen-bündgens Maschinenbau GmbH ...............................................11 G51
JSC VNIIKP Trade House of VNIIKP ................................................................ 10 B51
Jyoti Steel Industries ......................................................................................... 14 B37
kabelmat® Wickeltechnik GmbH....................................................................11 H50
Kabeltrommel GmbH & Co KG.......................................................................12 A56
Kabkom Kimya Sanayi ve Ticaret AS ............................................................ 12 E68
Kablomar Kablo Ve Hammaddeleri San ve Tic Ltd Sti ...........................11 A22
Kabmak Mühendislik Ve Makina Sanayi Ticaret Ltd Sti ......................... 11 B74
Kadimi Tool Manufacturing Company Ltd ................................................ 16 B67
Kalipyansan Standart Kalip Elemanlari San ve Tic Ltd Sti ....................16 G49
Kalmark Integrated Systems Ltd .............................................................09 F06-04
Kamaridis Global Wire SA ................................................................................09 A58
Kamatech Srl ........................................................................................................ 16 F03
Kamateks Makine San ve Tic Ltd Sti .............................................................15 A05
Kamila Investment sro ...................................................................................... 14 E54
Kämpfer Würz Umformtechnik GmbH .......................................................12 A47
Kar-el Demir Tel San ve Tic Ltd Sti.................................................................14 A67
Kardemir Karabük Demir Çelik Sanayi ve Ticaret AS .............................. 14 C37
Kei Industries Ltd ................................................................................................11 G31
Keir Manufacturing, Inc .................................................................................... 09 C69
KeiUi International Co, Ltd ..............................................................................16 A74
Keyence Deutschland GmbH .........................................................................15 A41
KGHM Polska Miedz SA .................................................................................... 12 B44
KHK Scaffolding & Formwork LLC .................................................................14 A28
Kieselstein International GmbH ....................................................................10 D22
Kingwin Precision Co, Ltd ................................................................................ 16 E74
Kinrei Machinery Co, Ltd ..................................................................................11 A37
Kisco Castings India Ltd ................................................................................... 17 C12
Kistner Anlagenbau GmbH .............................................................................10 A78
Kiswire Ltd............................................................................................................. 09 B26
KJM GmbH ............................................................................................................ 09 C13
Kkalpana Industries (India) Ltd...................................................................... 10 E70
KLJ Polymers & Chemicals Ltd (Unit II)........................................................14 D12
Kocabey Makina Sanayi Tic Ltd Sti ............................................................... 15 C51
Kocaer Haddecilik Sanayi ve Ticaret AS Kocaer .......................................13 A02
Koner Srl ................................................................................................................11 A56
Körting Nachfolger Wilhelm Steeger GmbH & Co KG ........................... 09 B17
Koskerler Celik Halat ve Mak San Tic AS ..................................................... 14 C19
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wire 2020 preview
30 March – 3 April
Krasny Oktyabr Corporation, LLC .................................................................13 D24
KRB Machinery .................................................................................................... 15 C42
Krenn GmbH & Co KG .......................................................................................10 G66
Kroman Çelik Sanayii AS .................................................................................. 12 C03
KRS/Jiangyin Kangrui Molding Technology Co, Ltd ...............................13 A06
Kühne + Vogel GmbH ....................................................................................... 10 C77
Kurre Kabelfertigungsmaschinen GmbH .................................................. 10 B22
Kurre Spezialmaschinenbau GmbH............................................................. 10 B22
Kyoeisha Chemical Co, Ltd .............................................................................. 11 C66
La Farga, SA........................................................................................................... 13 B16
Lamifil nv ...............................................................................................................10 A47
Lämneå Bruk AB ..................................................................................................09 A06
Landgraf Srl .......................................................................................................... 09 B34
Lantor BV ...............................................................................................................10 H55
Law-NDT Mess- und Prüfsysteme GmbH ................................................... 16 F73
Laxcon Steels Ltd ................................................................................................14 D19
lebronze alloys Germany GmbH ................................................................... 12 E44
Lech-Stahlwerke GmbH ...................................................................................12 D48
Lennerts & Partner GmbH ............................................................................... 15 B42
Les Filières Brussin SA ....................................................................................... 09 C67
Leyer & Kiwus Ultraschall- u Lasertechnik GmbH ................................... 10 E78
Liberty Speciality Steels Ltd............................................................................13 A42
Lifeline Technologies.........................................................................................14 D18
Lindemann & Störmer GmbH & Co KG ....................................................... 12 B56
Lisciani Wire Equipment Srl ............................................................................11 G47
LLFlex ...............................................................................................................09 D16-05
LM Industry Srl .................................................................................................... 16 C74
Locton Ltd ............................................................................................................. 11 F13
Loi Thermprocess GmbH .................................................................................10 A59
Loimex SA..............................................................................................................14 D33
LongVision (Shanghai) Cable Materials Co, Ltd ....................................... 15 B55
LSV Lech-Stahl Veredelung GmbH ...............................................................12 D48
Lubrimetal SpA....................................................................................................10 G60
Lubrizol Advanced Materials Spain SL ........................................................ 14 E38
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Lukas Anlagenbau GmbH ............................................................................... 12 C19
lune CHF GmbH .................................................................................................. 11 C59
M & M Industries Co, Ltd ..................................................................................11 H26
M + E Macchine + Engineering Srl ...............................................................10 H49
MDM Special Tools Srl ....................................................................................... 16 F38
MEP Macchine Elettroniche Piegatrici SpA ............................................... 15 E04
Macchine Speciali Srl ........................................................................................ 09 B49
Macro Bars and Wires (India) Pvt Ltd ...........................................................11 D73
Madem SA ............................................................................................................. 12 E09
Magnetic Motors Srl ...........................................................................................11 J64
Magnetische Pruefanlagen GmbH............................................................... 17 E10
Maguire Europe Sales Ltd................................................................................10 D37
Maiden Forgings Private Ltd .......................................................................... 14 E27
Maillefer Extrusion Oy....................................................................................... 10 C22
Maklada SA ........................................................................................................... 14 C09
Manassero & C Srl ............................................................................................... 16 B56
Manentimacchine Srl ........................................................................................16 A04
Manfisa Manufacturas Irular SA ....................................................................11 G25
Mangalam Alloys Ltd.........................................................................................14 D62
Mario Frigerio SpA .............................................................................................11 G60
Marposs GmbH ................................................................................................... 09 B53
Marposs GmbH ................................................................................................... 16 E60
Marubeni Europe PLC Düsseldorf Branch .................................................13 D25
Maschinenbau Bardowick GmbH .................................................................14 G16
Maschinenfabrik Bock GmbH & Co KG .......................................................10 A34
Maschinenfabrik Johann Leimbach GmbH............................................... 11 B32
Maschinenfabrik Niehoff GmbH & Co KG .................................................. 10 C06
Mathiasen Machinery, Inc ...............................................................................12 A55
Mattke AG .............................................................................................................16 G59
Max Mothes GmbH ............................................................................................17 D10
Max Süss GmbH & Co KG ................................................................................. 14 E56
Max W Claas GmbH & Co KG .......................................................................... 12 B33
Mayes & Warwick Ltd ........................................................................................ 16 E68
Mazzoleni Trafilerie Bergamasche SpA .......................................................10 A65
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30 March – 3 April
mbk Maschinenbau GmbH .............................................................................15 D45
MEA Maschinen GmbH .................................................................................... 16 E41
Mectron Engineering Co, Inc..........................................................................16 A42
Mega Metal San ve Tic AS ................................................................................10 A70
Meiko Futaba Co, Ltd ........................................................................................14 G04
Meisenbach Verlag GmbH............................................................................... 09 C03
Mekosan Mak Ins Elek Otomasyon San Tic Ltd Sti ..................................11 G06
Melos GmbH ........................................................................................................ 12 E03
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH .................................................................................15 G60
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH .................................................................................17 A01
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH .................................................................................17 A20
Metal At Tel Ve Tel Urun Tic Ltd Sti................................................................14 A23
Metal Forming Systems, Inc............................................................................16 G54
Metal Link Inc.......................................................................................................12 A15
Metal Trade Europe SARL ................................................................................ 14 C10
Metalle Schmidt GmbH .................................................................................... 13 B45
Metallurgica Alta Brianza SpA – Steelgroup .............................................11 D58
Metallurgica Frigerio SpA ................................................................................ 13 B13
Metallurgica Locatelli SpA...............................................................................13 D45
Metalube Ltd ........................................................................................................11 G21
Metavan Reels NV............................................................................................... 11 B41
Mete Vasifli Celik AS ...........................................................................................12 A04
Metfence SZ Sp z oo ..........................................................................................14 G28
Mexichem Specialty Compounds Ltd ......................................................... 14 E18
MG Recycling Srl ................................................................................................. 14 E44
MGS Manufacturing, Inc ............................................................................09 E06-02
Micro Products Company ................................................................................ 09 C73
Microdia SA...........................................................................................................11 D25
Microstudio Srl .................................................................................................... 16 E03
MiGro GmbH ........................................................................................................10 A63
Mikron Makine Elektrostatik Ekip Temizlik ................................................09 A63
Mikrotek Machines Ltd ..................................................................................... 11 E06
Milani Srl ................................................................................................................15 A53
Mimtek Makina San ve Tic AS ........................................................................11 D74
Mitsubishi Chemical – MCPP France SAS................................................... 14 E10
Mixer SpA .............................................................................................................. 12 E74
mobac GmbH Antriebstechnik-Apparatebau ..........................................10 H54
Mole Abrasivi Ermoli Srl ................................................................................... 16 B26
Molendijk Schilt BV ............................................................................................15 G12
Moravia Steel as ..................................................................................................12 D16
Moravia Steel Deutschland GmbH ............................................................... 09 C59
Moravia Steel Deutschland GmbH ...............................................................12 D16
Moretto SpA .........................................................................................................14 G02
motan-colortronic GmbH................................................................................14 G03
Mouton Rivom SAS ............................................................................................10 G51
Movacolor BV ....................................................................................................... 11 B42
MTK Metal-komerc doo.................................................................................... 14 B52
Mugafil SA .............................................................................................................11 D62
Mukand Ltd ..........................................................................................................14 D37
MWO GmbH ......................................................................................................... 11 E25
Naber & Wissmann GmbH ............................................................................... 10 F52
Nabertherm GmbH ............................................................................................16 G50
Nakashimada Engineering Works, Ltd ........................................................16 A42
Nano-Diamond America, Inc.......................................................................... 11 B02
Nantong Siber Communication Co, Ltd .....................................................15 A59
Nappoo Hi Command.......................................................................................14 A09
Narex Roll sro .......................................................................................................16 G55
National Machinery LLC ...................................................................................16 A42
NDC Technologies Inc (Beta LaserMike Products) ..................................11 D68
Nedschroef Herentals NV ................................................................................16 A24
Nevatia Steel & Alloys Pvt Ltd ........................................................................11 D59
New Spool Srl.......................................................................................................16 D18
Newtech Srl ..........................................................................................................09 A78
Nicemach Co, Ltd................................................................................................ 16 C04
Nickunj EDM Wires & Consumables P Ltd .................................................14 G12
Nik Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi .......................................14 C54-5
Ningbo Kaite Machinery Co, Ltd ...................................................................11 G33
Ningbo Powerway Alloy Material Co, Ltd .................................................. 14 F58
Nippon Seisen Co, Ltd ......................................................................................14 A51
Nippon Tapper Co, Ltd ......................................................................................16 H45
Nirmal Wires (P) Ltd ........................................................................................... 14 C43
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January 2020
Niwar Trommeln- und Spulenbau GmbH .................................................. 09 F78
Noord Nederlandse Draadindustrie BV ...................................................... 10 B31
Nova Srl ..................................................................................................................11 A71
Nowofol Kunststoffprodukte GmbH & Co KG ..........................................12 A41
Nuhtel Makina San ve Tic Ltd Sti ...................................................................14 D68
Numalliance SAS.................................................................................................10 A05
Numalliance SAS.................................................................................................10 A06
Nuova Sima Srl .................................................................................................... 12 E48
Nuova T Srl ............................................................................................................ 10 E68
Nuova Tecno Tau Srl...........................................................................................11 H25
OMA Srl ..................................................................................................................10 A41
OMR Srl...................................................................................................................10 H78
OMSA Srl ................................................................................................................15 A19
OOO RST-Export..................................................................................................15 G16
Ori Martin SpA ..................................................................................................... 12 B15
OEG GmbH............................................................................................................ 09 B02
Officina Meccanica Trinca Colonel
Silvio e Figlio Sergio Snc .............................................................................10 A69
Officine Meccaniche San Giorgio SpA ........................................................14 D04
Officine Rasera Srl ..............................................................................................17 D12
OMAS Srl ................................................................................................................11 G59
OMC - Wirelombardia Srl .................................................................................16 H71
OMCG Srl ............................................................................................................... 09 B14
OMD Officina Meccanica Domaso SpA ...................................................... 10 F15
Ömür Çelik AS .................................................................................................. 14 F48-1
Orient Technogroup OÜ................................................................................... 14 F57
Ort Italia Srl ...........................................................................................................16 D42
Oscam Srl............................................................................................................... 15 E18
Otomec Srl ............................................................................................................ 11 B26
Otto Bihler Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co KG ........................................... 10 F18
Outokumpu Oyj .................................................................................................. 12 B34
Özkan Demir Celik Sanayi AS ......................................................................... 12 B39
Ozyasar Tel ve Galvanizleme San AS............................................................14 A62
PK Jeppesen A/S ..................................................................................................11 J33
P/A Industries Inc ...............................................................................................11 D42
Padanaplast Srl .................................................................................................... 12 C11
Paganoni (division of Mario Nava SpA) ...................................................... 10 C71
Pamica Electric Material (Hubei) Co, Ltd .................................................... 14 B33
Pan Chemicals SpA ............................................................................................ 09 B05
Pan-Pioneer Co, Ltd ...........................................................................................11 G49
Panchmahal Steel Ltd .......................................................................................14 A34
Pannier Corporation ..........................................................................................13 A48
PanoPack SAS.......................................................................................................10 A37
Paramount Die Company ................................................................................ 10 B38
Paul Leibinger GmbH & Co KG ....................................................................... 09 F55
Pave CNC Wire Forming Systems Ltd ..........................................................12 D15
Pecol Automotive SA ........................................................................................ 17 E02
Pedax GmbH ........................................................................................................ 15 C38
Peddington Lubricants & Coatings Pvt Ltd ............................................... 14 F12
Pee-Wee Kaltwalzund Rohrbearbeitungsmaschinen GmbH ................................................ 16 F59
PEKUtech GmbH .................................................................................................09 A37
Pentre Group Ltd - Hearl Heaton .................................................................. 09 E25
Phenix Technologies Inc .................................................................................. 12 C15
Phoenix doo ......................................................................................................... 16 F04
Pietro Galliani SpA..............................................................................................10 H32
Pioneer Machinery Co, Ltd ..............................................................................11 G52
PJSC PlasmaTec.................................................................................................... 13 C21
Plan-E-Tech Industries, Inc............................................................................... 16 E47
Plascoat Systems Ltd ......................................................................................... 13 C13
Platestahl Umformtechnik GmbH .................................................................11 J51
Pleuger GmbH ..................................................................................................... 12 C65
Plexchem Technologies Pte Ltd ....................................................................14 G11
Polyfil AG ............................................................................................................... 14 B45
PolyOne Luxembourg SARL............................................................................ 09 B50
Polyplast Müller GmbH .................................................................................... 10 F73
Polystal Composites GmbH ............................................................................ 10 E72
Prasum Metals Pvt Ltd ...................................................................................... 14 C44
Pratech Mühendislik ve Makine San Tic Ltd Sti........................................ 09 C41
Pratto SA ................................................................................................................ 15 F26
Precibarre Etirage SAS ...................................................................................... 12 C08
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wire 2020 preview
30 March – 3 April
Presezzi Extrusion SpA ..................................................................................... 13 C03
Pressure Welding Machines (PWM) Ltd ...................................................... 09 B41
Prime Power Enterprise ....................................................................................14 G19
Primera Precision Co, Ltd ................................................................................. 16 C18
Primetals Technologies USA LLC ................................................................... 14 C03
Pro-Counsel Katarzyna Kalisz......................................................................... 13 B36
Profiroll Technologies GmbH ......................................................................... 16 F56
progress Maschinen & Automation AG ...................................................... 15 C04
Proinvest Group Srl ............................................................................................11 H10
Promills Srl ............................................................................................................14 G38
Promostar Srl........................................................................................................10 G06
Proteco Srl ............................................................................................................. 09 C21
Proton Products Europe NV ............................................................................11 D77
ProXIV sro .............................................................................................................. 14 C28
PS Costruzioni Meccaniche Srl....................................................................... 10 B21
PT Business Network (Pte) Ltd .......................................................................13 D09
PTG Hi-Life Tools SPS International Ltd ...................................................... 16 B33
PTL BV ..................................................................................................................... 12 E03
Push-Up Tools Udyog Pvt Ltd......................................................................... 16 C51
PWT Ltd .................................................................................................................. 13 C15
Pyromaitre Inc .....................................................................................................16 D12
QED Wire Lines Inc ............................................................................................. 12 B11
Queins Machines GmbH .................................................................................. 09 B06
R L Steels & Energy Ltd ..................................................................................... 14 C47
RLS Tooling Ltd .................................................................................................... 16 C73
RTP Paganoni Srl ................................................................................................. 11 B22
Raajratna Metal Industries Ltd .......................................................................12 D60
Rad-Con Inc ...................................................................................................09 D06-03
Rainbow Rubber & Plastics, Inc ...............................................................09 E14-04
Rautomead Ltd.................................................................................................... 10 B52
Ravago SA ............................................................................................................. 09 E78
Ravni Technologies SARL ................................................................................. 10 B12
Reber Systematic GmbH + Co KG .................................................................10 H60
Redex SA ................................................................................................................11 D21
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Redies Srl ............................................................................................................... 09 B25
Redimo GmbH ..................................................................................................... 16 F41
Reelex Packaging Solutions, Inc..............................................................09 F06-01
REGG Inspection Srl ........................................................................................... 16 C67
Reichenbach Equipamentos Indústria e Comércio Ltda ...................... 11 B50
Renova Srl ............................................................................................................. 14 E12
Repsol Quimica, SA ............................................................................................12 D28
RichardsApex, Inc .........................................................................................09 F06-05
Rigon Instruments di Rigon Roberto .......................................................... 09 C21
Rimjhim Ispat Ltd ............................................................................................... 12 B47
Ringspann GmbH ............................................................................................... 11 C15
Rizzardi Srl ..............................................................................................................11 J38
RK Umformtechnik GmbH & Co KG...............................................................11 J34
Roblon A/S ............................................................................................................ 09 E42
Rockford Manufacturing Group, Inc ............................................................16 H72
Rodacciai SpA ......................................................................................................11 A40
Rohmann GmbH ................................................................................................. 16 F50
Rolf Schlicht GmbH............................................................................................12 A48
Rolling Tools Srl ...................................................................................................16 D48
Rosendahl Nextrom GmbH.............................................................................09 A60
Rost Group & Technology Co, Ltd ................................................................. 16 C49
Roteq Machinery Inc ......................................................................................... 09 B21
Roxor Abrasives BV ............................................................................................ 16 F32
Royle Systems Group LLC ..........................................................................09 E10-01
RSD Technik GmbH ............................................................................................10 H72
RTM Products, Inc ............................................................................................... 16 E30
rubicon Gummitechnik und Maschinenbau GmbH .............................. 14 E17
Rudolf Rafflenbeul Stahlwarenfabrik GmbH & Co KG ...........................12 A52
Rugui Steel Trade, SLU ...................................................................................... 12 C63
S+P Samson GmbH............................................................................................ 12 B61
Saarstahl AG .........................................................................................................12 A72
Sacma Limbiate SpA.......................................................................................... 16 C56
Saco AEI Polymers UK Ltd................................................................................ 11 E42
Sadevinox SAS .....................................................................................................14 D29
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wire 2020 preview
30 March – 3 April
Saikawa Co, Ltd ...................................................................................................12 A71
Saint-Gobain IndustrieKeramik Rödental GmbH.................................... 14 F10
Saita Srl................................................................................................................... 14 E43
Saizar Strapping Machines SL ........................................................................ 16 C47
Sakamura Machine Co Ltd .............................................................................. 16 F42
Sala Punzoni Srl ................................................................................................... 16 C29
Samat ...................................................................................................................... 17 C02
Sampsistemi Srl Samp Group......................................................................... 09 C60
Sar Medya Altan Kilinc ......................................................................................11 H01
Sarkuysan Elektrolitik Bakir Sanayi ve Ticaret AS ....................................10 H77
Sarmakina Sanayi ve Ticaret AS .....................................................................10 H73
Sarvasv Machinery & Equipments Pvt Ltd.................................................11 H06
SAS Engineering and Planning Srl................................................................ 09 E60
SAS Engineering and Planning Srl................................................................ 09 F60
SAS Inc ....................................................................................................................16 D14
SC Trese Conductori Srl ....................................................................................13 D20
Scapa UK Ltd ........................................................................................................ 10 C78
Schlatter Industries AG .....................................................................................15 A20
Schmelzmetall Deutschland GmbH ............................................................ 15 C50
Schmidt Maschinenbau GmbH .....................................................................11 A59
Schmolz + Bickenbach AG ..............................................................................12 A28
Schmolz + Bickenbach International GmbH ............................................12 A28
Schnell SpA ...........................................................................................................15 A26
Schwer + Kopka GmbH ....................................................................................16 A25
Scleros SpA ...........................................................................................................11 A78
Scorta Srl................................................................................................................ 16 C38
Sebald & Co GmbH ............................................................................................ 16 B14
Sebir SA .................................................................................................................. 10 B37
SEI Sistemi Srl .......................................................................................................11 G50
Seltek Srl – Stokkermill Recycling Machinery .......................................... 13 C16
Senol Makina San ve Tic Ltd Sti .....................................................................14 D44
Sensoptic SA ........................................................................................................ 11 E02
Severstal-metiz, JSC ...........................................................................................14 A55
Shakun Polymers Ltd ........................................................................................12 A59
Shandong Jingwei Steel Cord Co, Ltd .........................................................16 A76
Shanghai Bao Zhang Dorstener Products GmbH ................................... 17 B18
Shanghai Kechen Wire & Cable Machinery Co, Ltd ................................ 11 E31
Shanghai Nanyang Electric Equipment Co, Ltd....................................... 09 F25
Shanghai Wangxun New Material Co, Ltd .................................................11 D54
Shanghai Xiaoxuan M & E Technology Co, Ltd......................................... 14 F09
Sheng Chyean Enterprise Co, Ltd .................................................................13 D10
Shenyang Jinggong Cable Material Co, Ltd...............................................11 J08
Shenyang Tianrong Cable Materials Co, Ltd .............................................11 D48
SICME Italiaimpianti MC Srl.............................................................................12 A62
Siddhi Technoshrink Private Ltd....................................................................17 A21
Sidenor Deutschland GmbH .......................................................................... 12 E12
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January 2020
95
Technical Article
Cables in Wet
Environments
By Brian Marchant, Berk-Tek LLC, New Holland, Pennsylvania, USA
Abstract
Industrial environments and outdoor
installations can be wet or damp locations. Category communications cable
products that are installed in these
environments must be able to operate
without issue when installed. The typical
tests that are used to evaluate these
products determine if water can enter
the connectors or if water can propagate
down the cable core. Unlike these typical
tests, this investigation will focus on tests
that evaluate electrical performance of
cables that are in water. This will improve
understanding of the full effect of wet or
damp locations on structured cabling.
The high-frequency performance of an
unshielded cable may be affected when
the environment of the cable is water
rather than air. This effect is mitigated by
jacket design and shielding.
Stranded conductors in humid environments might wick moisture into the
cable, which could cause failures. Some
connectors for industrial environments
are designed to avoid this. By studying the
effect of water and humidity on the cable,
installation recommendations can be
formed for twisted pair Ethernet cables in
wet locations.
1 Introduction
Water can absorb electrical signals.
Ethernet cables designed with water
exposure in mind have different materials
in their construction than indoor-rated
cables. Products may have ANSI/ICEA
water penetration ratings and sunlight
resistance rather than fire and smoke
safety ratings.
These products may or may not be
designed to handle the stresses of outdoor
and wet locations.
When Ethernet cables are exposed
to water, their performance can be
affected in several different ways. A water
environment outside the cable will have
higher loss than an air environment. The
plastic of the jacket may be permeable
enough to allow water to diffuse through.
Water can get into the cable core. Barriers
such as metal foils can keep water from
diffusing into the cable core.
Water can pass through the jacket into
the core of the cable by diffusing through
the jacket material or by passing through
holes caused by installation damage.
If water enters the cable core, it can
propagate to the electronics at the end of
the cable run or cause shorts within the
cable. Either of these effects would ruin
the cable run.
The transmission lines of the pairs in the
cable are designed to operate with an
environment of the jacket and air around
it. If the cable jacket absorbs water, this
will change its electrical properties (loss,
dielectric). The electrical performance of
the cable will be degraded when these
properties change. Even if the jacket does
not absorb the water, an environment of
water (rather than air) around the cable
can change the high frequency electrical
performance.
Of the electrical performance parameters,
Insertion Loss and Impedance were
expected to be most affected by water
outside the cable core. Impedance
has environmental components – the
capacitance between the transmission
pair and the surrounding materials has
an impact. Insertion loss increases when
electrical fields are absorbed by a high loss
medium.
Indoor Ethernet products are not typically
designed to tolerate wet locations. The
cores of the cables are not water blocked
and the jacket materials are chosen for
electrical properties and fire safety.
2 Test Setup
Industrial Ethernet products are a wide
range of cables that are designed to
operate in environments that would cause
normal cables to fail.
2.1 Cables Submerged in Water
Samples of different designs of cables
from different manufacturers were coiled
and secured to maintain their shape.
96
January 2020
These samples were tested for electrical
performance parameters using automated
test equipment. These tests were treated
as a baseline for the samples for the rest of
the testing.
The cable samples tested included the
following. All of the cables were four-pair
Ethernet cables rated to Category 5e. A
sample of riser-rated unshielded Ethernet
cable with a PVC jacket was used to
represent indoor cable products. A sample
of outside plant cable with sunlight and
water-resistant polyethylene jacket and
a gel-flooded core was used to represent
outdoor cable products. An unshielded
riser- and outdoor-rated industrial
Ethernet cable with a PVC jacket that
was designed for oil resistance and light
duty environments was used to represent
unshielded industrial Ethernet products.
An industrial Ethernet cable with a metal
foil shield with a braid over it (SF/UTP) that
was riser and outdoor-rated with a highly
flexible TPE jacket was used to represent
shielded industrial Ethernet products.
After the baseline tests, the samples were
placed into plastic barrels full of water.
The coil portion of the sample was fully
submerged in the water. The ends of the
samples were kept out of the barrel for
the distance needed to connect to test
equipment. This was approximately two
metres on each end. The samples were
tested with the automated test equipment
when first submerged in water and again
periodically for several weeks. The samples
were removed from the water barrels and
dried completely. The samples were tested
using the automated test equipment
again.
2.2 Cables in Humid Environment
Samples of stranded and solid conductor
cables were tested at room temperature
(~20°C) at low humidity. The samples
were conditioned at 30°C and 90 per
cent relative humidity for one week. The
samples were brought back to 20°C and
tested again.
Additional samples of the same material
were terminated using Ethernet and
industrial cable plugs as appropriate to the
cables. These samples were tested at room
temperature (~20°C) at low humidity.
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The Category 5e Insertion Loss specification was applied and minimum margins
for the products’ Insertion Losses were
calculated. These minimum margins
were graphed and compared for each
of the products to determine how much
the submersion in water impacted the
product’s performance. For simplicity, the
measurements when the samples were
submerged were averaged together. See
Figures 1 to 4 for the individual results
presented graphically. Table 1 has the full
results of the tests for cables submerged in
water.
In Figure 1, the impact of the water on
the indoor-rated product is clearly visible.
The sample went from passing the
specification with margin to thoroughly
failing when it was submerged in
water. When the sample was dried, the
sample still failed to meet the Insertion
Loss specification. The outside plant
cable sample in Figure 2 lost Insertion
Loss margin and failed to meet the
specification when submerged in water.
When the sample was dried, the test result
returned to passing the specification, but
it did not return to the original amount of
margin to the specification.
In Figure 3, water submersion’s effect on
an unshielded industrial cable sample can
be observed. The sample lost performance
margin when in water, but does not fail
the specification. When the sample was
dried, the performance margin was within
the range allowed for measurement error
from the baseline measurement.
Figure 4 shows the impact of the water test
on a shielded industrial cable sample. The
Insertion Loss margin varied by less than
the range allowed for measurement error
from the baseline measurement for the
entire test.
In Table 1, the change over time in
Insertion Loss of the samples in the water
can be observed.
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Insertion Loss Min Margin (%)
3.1 Cables Submerged in Water
The test results for the samples that were
submerged in water were compared to
the baseline results for the same cables.
Changes in the electrical performance
parameters were trivial except for the
Insertion Loss parameter. The Impedance
did not show the expected change. The
Insertion Loss parameter showed large
changes for most of the samples that were
tested.
Baseline
Submerged
Baseline
Dry
▲▲ Figure 1: Indoor cable test result
Submerged
Dry
▲▲ Figure 2: Outside plant cable test result
Insertion Loss Min Margin (%)
3 Test Results
Insertion Loss Min Margin (%)
The samples were conditioned at 30°C and
90 per cent relative humidity for one week.
The samples were brought back to 20°C
and tested again.
Insertion Loss Min Margin (%)
Technical Article
Baseline
Submerged
Baseline
Dry
Submerged
Dry
▲▲ Figure 3: Unshielded industrial cable test result
▲▲ Figure 4: Shielded industrial cable test result
The industrial Ethernet cables had stable
Insertion Loss margin over time once
submerged. The other two products
showed degrading performance as the
duration of submersion continued.
4 Analysis and
Conclusions
3.2 Cables in Humid Environment
Samples of stranded and solid conductor
cables were tested at room temperature
and low humidity and then again at room
temperature after conditioning at elevated
temperature and humidity for one week.
The solid conductor sample showed no
change in high electrical parameters.
The stranded conductor sample lost 2.5
per cent Insertion Loss margin when
compared to the Category 5e specification.
The same baseline and humidity
conditioning testing was performed on
stranded and solid conductor cables with
connectors (plugs) attached. The results
after the conditioning showed no change
from the baseline measurements.
None of the products in this survey are
intended for long-term submersion in
water. In practical installations, the entire
length of the cable would not be soaked
in water and the cable would be able to
dry out after getting wet. This test set
magnifies the effect of the environmental
water to attempt to determine trends with
a small test population.
After a review of the designs of the cable
samples tested, the revised expectations
matched the results. Design features
that are used for higher frequency
performance, such as tight twist lay
lengths and thick cable jackets, affect the
cable’s interaction with its environment.
Shielded products, which typically boast
high protection from environmental
electric
effects,
demonstrate
high
▼▼ Table 1: Insertion loss margin (%) of samples submerged in water for several weeks
Sample
Base
Subm
in water
1
Week
Subm
2
Week
Subm
3
Week
Subm
Dry
Indoor
Cable
2.3
-8.6
-9.3
-10.7
-11.4
-3.5
Outside
Plant Cable
3.8
-2.1
-5.7
-7.6
-8.2
1.0
Unshielded
Industrial
4.4
1.6
1.3
0.7
0.9
3.9
Shielded
Industrial
13.3
12.0
13.0
12.6
13.3
12.8
January 2020
97
Technical Article
resistance to being affected by a wet
environment. These shielded products
protect the cable core not only by
electrical isolation, but also by presenting
a barrier that water will not diffuse
through.
The outside plant cable sample and
the indoor cable sample that had poor
performance had very long pair lay
lengths and a thin cable jacket. These traits
would make the cable more sensitive to
environmental electric effects. Higher
frequency products (such as a Category 6
outside plant cable with tight lay lengths)
or cables with thicker jackets (for more
rugged environments) would also resist
effects from a wet environment.
Jacket material also matters, as observed
in the indoor cable test result, which
degraded and did not recover when dried.
This cable sample most likely absorbed
water into its jacket. This water affected
the material’s properties even after the
cable was dried off.
For installations in environments where
cables will be exposed to water, the
following recommendations can be made.
Extra margin should be built into an install
that is expecting to have wet cable.
This can be achieved by cable choice or
by installation design for Insertion Loss
(usually controlling run lengths). Shielded
products and products that are designed
to resist electric environment effects will
be least affected by water exposure. It
is recommended that flexible stranded
cables be terminated before installing
them to humid environments or as soon as
possible after installation. n
Courtesy of IWCS Cable and Connectivity
Symposium, Rhode Island, USA, October
2018.
The unshielded industrial product
experienced a degradation of performance while submerged, but recovered
all but 0.5 per cent of its performance
margin when dried back out. This
loss of margin is within the expected
measurement error in the test. Comparing
this product to the indoor cable, the pair
lay lengths are slightly different and the
plastic compounds are different. The
jacket material properties are the most
likely reason that this product did not
remain degraded when it was dried off.
If the jacket did not absorb water, the
performance returning when the cable
was dried off is the expected result.
The humidity test results matched
expectations. Stranded conductor products like patch cable or flexible industrial
cable can absorb water if left exposed.
Terminated products will not suffer from
this performance loss as the humidity
won’t wick into the conductor. This survey
of cables showed some results that are
worth investigating further. Some of the
cable types showed degrading results over
time while the samples were submerged.
Longer submersion experiments could
investigate how far this degradation could
progress. It would also be worthwhile to
investigate the jacket compounds used
in wet and damp location products to
determine how these materials interact
with water over time.
Future studies can evaluate jacket material
permeability, water retention, the impact
of pair lay length, construction factors
such as shielding, different levels of wet
or damp environment and different
durations.
98
January 2020
Berk-Tek LLC
132 White Oak Road
New Holland
Pennsylvania 17557
USA
Tel: +1 717 354 6200
Email: berktek.info@nexans.com
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Neuigkeiten
Condat führt neue Öle für die Kaltumformung
im Markt ein
Seit 2015 werden Bedenken über
PAK
(polyzyklische
aromatische
Kohlenwasserstoffe) und BaP (Benzo[a]
pyren) in der metallverarbeitenden
Industrie geäußert. Einige Erdöl-basierte
Produkte, wie etwa Prozessöle, können
unter harten Einsatzbedingungen PAK
und BaP freisetzen.
reinen Ölen der Neat Green-Reihe, die
nach 1.500 Stunden Bearbeitung keine
Steigerung des BaP-Gehalts zeigen.
Um eine größere Wachsamkeit zu
garantieren,
hat
die
französische
Krankenversicherungsbehörde
eine
Empfehlung (Verweis R.451) über die
„Vermeidung chemischer Risiken durch
Schneidflüssigkeiten” abgegeben.
Neben seinem CSR-Engagement möchte
das Unternehmen auch die Bedenken
der Automobilzulieferer ansprechen und
den Kunden die sichersten Produkte
anbieten. Ziel war es gemeinsam mit den
wichtigsten Automobilkonzernen ein
Hochleistungsprodukt für sehr komplexe
Umformverfahren zu entwickeln.
Diese Empfehlung setzt die von
INRS gelieferten Daten zu den mit
BaP
verbundenen
Risiken
und
Schwellenwerten ein, die in neuen reinen
Schneidölen sowie in Schneidölen im
Dienst enthalten sind.
Obwohl
diese
Frage
regelmäßig
gestellt
wird,
wenn
reine
Bearbeitungsöle benutzt werden, sind
bei Kaltumformungsverfahren keine
Empfehlungen vorgesehen. Von seinen
HSE- (Gesundheit, Sicherheit und
Umwelt) und CSR-Grundsätzen (soziale
Unternehmensverantwortung) geleitet,
hat Condat sich entschieden bei der
Berücksichtigung dieser Frage noch
weiterzugehen und die Verordnung
vorwegzunehmen.
Die
umfassende
Kenntnis
des
Unternehmens über die Reduzierung der
PAK-/BaP-Gehalte in Bearbeitungsölen
im Dienst führt zur Entwicklung von
Anfang 2018 forderte Condat sein
F&E-Labor auf, neue Rezepturen für Öle
für die Kaltumformung, mit neutralem
Einfluss in Bezug auf BaP, zu erarbeiten.
Nach sechs Monaten Forschung entstand
Extrugliss HT 268 VP. In Partnerschaft
mit einem Automobilzulieferer wurde
das Produkt fast 12 Monate lange bei
Kaltumformungsverfahren
für
die
Herstellung von Ritzeln und Narben für
Sitze geprüft und zeigte, wie berichtet,
gute Ergebnisse.
Seit Juni 2019 zum Verkauf verfügbar, ist
Extrugliss HT 268 VP als Premiumprodukt
positioniert, das insbesondere für
extreme Verfahren konzipiert wurde, die
übermäßige Hitze entwickeln (Edelstahl,
Legierungsstahl mit hoher Dehngrenze,
usw.). Das reine Öl für die Kaltumformung,
das entwickelt wurde, um die BaPEmissionsprobleme zu lösen, ist aus
hochwertigen, hochreinen Basisölen
zusammengesetzt und enthält weniger
Restzusammensetzungen,
die
sich
zersetzen und somit PAK bilden können.
▲▲ Extrugliss HT 268 VP Öl für die Kaltumformung von
Condat
Es ist Oxidationsbeständig, steigert die
Lebensdauer der Bäder und vereinfacht
die Entfettung, indem die Bildung
klebriger Rückstände auf den Teilen
verhindert wird.
Es ist weniger volatil und schränkt
die
Ölverdunstung
sowie
die
Nebelentwicklung ein, das wiederum
die Atmosphäre in den Werkstätten
verbessert.
Das
Öl
für
die
Kaltumformung
mit
Doppelfunktion
bietet
den
mechanischen
Komponenten
der
Kaltumformungsmaschinen
optimale
Schmiermerkmale sowie eine gute
Schmierung bei den Verformungsverfahren
und weist dabei eine Viskosität von 68 cst
auf.
Condat SA
www.condat.fr
Granulierte Kabelfüllung und wasserabweisendes Compound
Electric Cable Compounds (ECC) ist ein weltweiter Lieferant hochleist- ungsfähiger elastomerischer und polyolefinbasierter vernetzbarer und thermoplastischer Compounds. Das Unternehmen kann zwei flammschützende elastomerische
Kabelfüll-Compounds anbieten, die granuliert, extrudierbar und halogenfrei sind sowie der RoHS-Richtlinie entsprechen.
CableFill®200 und CableFill®300 wurden entwickelt, um den Kabelherstellern eine
Reihe Vorteile zu bieten: sie behalten die Kabelform bei; beugen der Verformung
und Beanspruchung der Kabelkomponenten vor; füllen Lücken und Leerstellen;
bieten dem Gesamtaufbau zusätzliche flammschützende Vorteile und senken
den Wassereintritt. Während einzelne Kabelkomponenten von Kontakten isoliert
werden, beeinträchtigen sie nicht die gesamte Kabelflexibilität. Sie sind färbbar,
können leicht abgezogen sowie bei niedrigen Temperaturen leicht verarbeitet
werden. Zu den typischen Anwendungen gehören Kabel mit geringer Toxizität für
Massenverkehrsmittel, den Bergbau und Schiffe.
CableFill300 - das höchste flammschützende Kabel der beiden Klassen - besitzt
ein LOI von 48; CableFill 200 weist ein LOI von 36 auf. Beide Compounds sind so
entworfen, dass sie auf konventionellen Extrusionsanlagen bearbeitet werden
können.
▲▲ CableFill hält die Kabelform bei während die
Lücken gefüllt werden
www.read-eurowire.com
Electric Cable Compounds, Inc
www.electriccablecompounds.com
Januar 2020
99
Neuigkeiten
Metalube ernennt Business
Development Manager
Der Hersteller von Schmiermitteln Metalube hat Songul Facey
und Adrian Day zu Business Development Managern ernannt.
Songul Facey hat fast 20 Jahre Erfahrung in der
Schmiermittelindustrie und schließt sich dem Unternehmen
aus ihrer Stadt Istanbul, Türkei, an. Ihre jüngste Erfahrung
konzentrierte sich auf den Bereich Drahtziehen und
Holzplatten sowie der Automobilindustrie, doch war sie in
vorangegangenen Positionen im Sektor Stahl und Eisen,
Ersatzteile für Kraftfahrzeuge und Verbindungselemente tätig.
Über ihrer neue Position sagte Songul Facey: „Ich freue mich
sehr darauf mich Metalube anzuschließen. Ich habe kürzlich
den Master in Wirtschaftswissenschaften abgeschlossen, und
die Unternehmensgröße, sein Ruf als schnell wachsendes
und ausgesprochen innovatives Schmiermittelunternehmen,
kombiniert mit meinem eigenen Wunsch eine internationalere
Rolle zu spielen, bedeutetet, dass alles bestens passt. Ich
verfüge auch über ein Ingenieurstudium und mag Probleme
identifizieren, Lösungen finden und die Effizienz verbessern.”
Douglas Hunt, kaufmännischer Leiter, fügte hinzu: „Songul
wird unser Team sehr bereichern. Sie ist eine zuversichtliche
Teamspielerin
mit
hervorragenden
Führungsund
Kommunikationsfähigkeiten; dazu kommt die Kombination
mit ihrem ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Hintergrund, was aus
ihr eine Gewinnformel macht. Wir sind begeistert, dass sich ihr
Wechsel nach UK bereits so erfolgreich erweist.”
Der zweite neue Ernannte, Adrian Day, verfügt über eine
umfangreiche Erfahrung. Davon über zwanzig Jahren in der
Schmiermittelindustrie, einschließlich der letzten acht Jahre,
in denen er sich auf Spezialschmiermitteln konzentrierte, die
in den Bereichen Drahtziehen, Drahtseile und Nichteisenrohre
eingesetzt werden.
Hunt fügte hinzu: „Es ist großartig Adrian an Bord zu
haben; er ist besonders erfahren und seine freundliche
und äußerst positive Persönlichkeit wird sich in unserer
▲
Adrian Day
▲
Songul Facey
Geschäftsphilosophie sehr gut einfügen. Er wird für die neue
Geschäftsentwicklung und den Verkauf verantwortlich sein
sowie eng mit den bestehenden Kunden zusammenarbeiten,
insbesondere in Afrika, Australasien, China, Indien und
Südostasien.”
Day ergänzte: „Meine Karriere im Bereich Schmiermittel
begann 1995 mit Texaco Lubricants, die später Chevron UK
wurde. Seitdem ich mich erinnern kann hatte ich schon immer
Interesse und eine Faszination an allem Mechanischem und
fragte mich wie dies und das funktionierte oder wofür es
gedacht war. Das einzige was alle gemeinsam haben sind
Schmiermittel. Von einem Ferrari zu einer Fregatte der Royal
Navy bis hin zur Drahtziehmaschine ist eine effektive und
fachgerechte Schmierung von grundlegender Bedeutung.”
Metalube Ltd
www.metalube.co.uk
Stabiles Investitionsklima bei wire South America
Expo Exhibition & Convention Center
in Sao Paulo, Brasilien war vom 1. bis 3.
Oktober 2019 Treffpunkt der regionalen
und internationaler Branchenexperten
aus der Draht-, Kabel- und Rohrindustrie.
Auf rund 5.000m2 Ausstellungsfläche
präsentierten 186 Aussteller bei den
Leitmessen wire South America und
Tubotech innovative Maschinen, Anlagen
und Dienstleistungen.
Zum ersten Mal wurde die neue
Messehalle 1, die durch ihre zentrale Lage
komfortabler erreichbar ist, belegt.
Technologische Highlights aus den
Bereichen
Metallbearbeitung
und
-verarbeitung, Schweißtechnik, Drahtund Kabelindustrie sowie Trends und
Technologien
aus
Rohrherstellung,
Rohrbearbeitung,
Rohrverarbeitung,
100
Januar 2020
Rohrzubehör und dem Handel mit Rohren
wurden gezeigt. Das Interesse nationaler
und
internationaler
Unternehmen,
sich in Südamerika zu positionieren
und entsprechend in Maschinen und
Anlagen zu investieren, scheint auch
vor
schwierigen
wirtschaftlichen
Rahmenbedingungen
auf
dem
südamerikanischen Kontinent hoch.
Zur
wire
South
America
2019
präsentierten sich 106 Unternehmen
aus 15 Ländern, während die parallel
stattfindende Rohrfachmesse Tubotech
80 Aussteller aus 11 Ländern anzog.
Zum dritten Mal gab es für die Bereiche
Draht und Kabel eine deutsche
Bundesbeteiligung. Zehn Unternehmen
nutzen diese Chance, ihr Know-how in
Brasilien zu zeigen.
Knapp 13.000 Fachbesucher zog es an
drei Messetagen nach Sao Paulo; 95
Prozent von ihnen kamen aus Brasilien,
der Rest aus Nachbarländern wie Chile,
Kolumbien,
Argentinien,
Bolivien,
Paraguay, Mexiko, Peru und Uruguay
sowie aus Indien, Kanada und China.
Gerade für die Bereiche Infrastruktur,
Energie- und Automobiltechnologie und
Landwirtschaft sind die Produkte beider
Messen unverzichtbar.
So kamen die Fachbesucher auch
primär aus der Öl- und Gasindustrie,
der Automobilindustrie, der Bauindustrie,
der
Metallkonstruktion
und
dem
Bergbau.
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH
www.wire-south-america.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Technischer Artikel
Kabel in nassen
Umgebungen
von Brian Marchant, Berk-Tek LLC, New Holland, Pennsylvania, USA
Übersicht
Industrieumgebungen und Außenbereiche
können nasse bzw. feuchte Orte
sein. Die Produkte der Kategorie
Kommunikationskabel, die in diesen
Umgebungen verlegt werden, müssen
nach
der
Installation
einwandfrei
funktionieren. Die typischen Tests, die zur
Bewertung dieser Produkte durchgeführt
werden, bestimmen ob Wasser in die
Steckverbinder eintritt oder sich bis zur
Kabelader ausbreitet. Im Gegensatz zu
diesen typischen Tests, befasst sich die
vorliegende Untersuchung mit Prüfungen,
die die elektrischen Leistungen der ins
Wasser eingetauchten Kabeln bewerten.
Das führt zu einem besseren Verständnis
der vollständigen Auswirkungen nasser
oder feuchter Orte auf die strukturierte
Verkabelung.
Beeinflusst
werden
können
die
Hochfrequenz-Leistungen
eines
ungeschirmten Kabels dadurch, dass die
Umgebung, in der sich das Kabel befindet,
Wasser anstatt Luft ist. Diese Auswirkung
wird durch den Ausbau des Kabelmantels
und die Abschirmung gedämpft.
Die in feuchten Umgebungen installierten
mehrdrähtigen Leiter könnten die
Feuchtigkeit in den Kabeln eindringen
lassen,
was
wiederum
Störungen
verursachen könnte. Einige Steckverbinder
für die Industrieumgebung sind entworfen
worden, um das zu vermeiden. Anhand
von Studien über die Auswirkung von
Wasser und Feuchtigkeit auf die Kabel,
können Installationsempfehlungen für
Twisted-Pair-Ethernet-Kabel an nassen
Orten erstellt werden.
Sonnenlichtbeständigkeit als jene der
Brand- und Rauch-Sicherheit aufweisen.
Etherne-Produkte für den Innenbereich
werden in der Regel nicht für nasse Orte
ausgelegt. Die Kabelader sind nicht
wasserabweisend und das Mantelmaterial
wird entsprechend der elektrischen
Eigenschaften und des Brandschutzes
ausgewählt.
Industrielle Ethernet-Produkte stellen eine
große Auswahl an Kabeln dar, die für den
Einsatz in Umgebungen geeignet sind, in
denen normale Kabel versagen würden.
Diese Produkte können entworfen
werden, um gegen die Belastungen
im Außenbereich und nassen Orten
beständig oder nicht beständig zu sein.
Wenn Ethernet-Kabel Wasser ausgesetzt
werden, können deren Leistungen auf
unterschiedliche
Weise
beeinflusst
werden. Ein Kabel in Wasserumgebung
zeigt einen höheren Verlust im Vergleich
zu einem in Luftumgebung. Der Kunststoff
des
Mantels
könnte
ausreichend
durchlässig sein, um das Diffundieren
von Wasser zu ermöglichen. Wasser kann
somit in die Kabelader gelangen. Durch
Barrieren wie z. B. Metallfolien kann
Wasser davon abgehalten werden in die
Kabelader zu diffundieren.
1 Einleitung
Wasser kann durch den Mantel in die
Kabelader fließen und somit durch
das
Mantelmaterial
diffundieren
oder durch Löcher fließen, die durch
Schäden
während
der
Installation
verursacht werden. Wenn Wasser in
die Kabelader tritt, kann es sich bis zu
den Elektrokomponenten am Ende
des Kabelteilstücks ausbreiten oder
Kurzschlüsse im Kabel verursachen.
Eine dieser Auswirkungen würde das
Kabelteilstück beschädigen.
Wasser
kann
elektrische
Signale
absorbieren. Ethernet-Kabel, bei denen
die Wasserbelastung bedacht wurde,
weisen im Gegensatz zu Kabeln für
den Innenbereich, im Aufbau andere
Materialien auf. Die Produkte sollten
gemäß ANSI/ICEA-Normen eher die
Eigenschaften der Wassereintritts- und
Die Übertragungsleitungen der Paare
im Kabel sind ausgelegt, um mit einem
Mantel in einer Luftumgebung zu
funktionieren. Absorbiert der Kabelmantel
Wasser, so ändern sich die elektrischen
Eigenschaften (Dämpfung, dielektrisch).
Die elektrischen Leistungen des Kabels
verringern sich, wenn sich diese
www.read-eurowire.com
Eigenschaften ändern. Auch wenn der
Mantel kein Wasser absorbiert, kann
eine Wasserumgebung (eher als eine
Luft-) um die Kabel die elektrischen
Hochfrequenzleistungen ändern.
Unter den Parametern der elektrischen
Leistungen,
wurde
angenommen,
dass die Einfügungsdämpfung und die
Impedanz, die am meisten vom Wasser
außerhalb der Kabelader beeinflussten
Parametern
wären.
Die
Impedanz
weist Umweltkomponenten auf - die
Kapazitanz wirkt sich zwischen dem
Übertragungspaar und den Materialien
im Umfeld aus. Die Einfügungsdämpfung
steigt, wenn die elektrischen Felder durch
Mittel mit hoher Dämpfung absorbiert
werden.
2 Prüfanordnung
2.1 Ins Wasser eingetauchte Kabel
Proben
mit
unterschiedlichen
Kabelaufbauten verschiedener Hersteller
werden aufgewickelt und gesichert, um
deren Form zu erhalten. Diese Proben
werden hinsichtlich der elektrischen
Leistungsparameter mit Einsatz der
automatisierten Prüfausrüstung geprüft.
Für den Rest der Prüfung werden
diese Tests als Basislinie für die Proben
behandelt.
Die geprüften Kabelproben schließen
nachfolgendes ein: Alle Kabel sind
vierpaarige Ethernet-Kabel, eingestuft
in der Category 5e. Eine Probe des
ungeschirmten Steigleitung-bewerteten
Ethernet-Kabels mit einem PVC-Mantel
wird zur Darstellung der Kabelprodukte
für den Innenbereich benutzt. Um
Kabelprodukte für den Außenbereich
darzustellen, wird als Probe ein Kabel
für den Außenbereich mit einem
sonnenlicht- und wasserbeständigen
Polyethylen-Mantel
und
einer
gelgefüllten
Ader
eingesetzt.
Zur
Darstellung ungeschirmter industrieller
Ethernet-Produkte wird ein ungeschirmtes,
industrielles für den Außenbereich
bewertetetes Steigleitung-Ethernet-Kabel
mit einem PVC-Mantel eingesetzt, das für
ölbeständige und nicht raue Umgebungen
Januar 2020
101
Die Proben werden dann aus den
Wasserbehältern herausgezogen und
vollständig getrocknet. Anhand der
automatisierten Prüfausrüstung erfolgt
dann nochmals eine Überprüfung der
Proben.
2.2 Kabel in feuchter Umgebung
Die
Proben
von
Litzenund
Massivleiterkabeln werden einer Prüfung
bei
Raumtemperatur
(~20°C),
bei
niedriger Feuchtigkeit unterzogen. Dabei
werden die Proben bei 30°C und 90%
relativer Feuchtigkeit eine Woche lang
konditioniert. Sie werden danach wieder
auf 20°C gebracht und von neuem geprüft.
Zusätzliche Proben desselben Materials
werden mit Endstücken für Ethernetund Industriekabelsteckern ausgestattet,
die jeweils entsprechend der Kabel
anwendbar sind. Diese Proben werden
einer Prüfung bei Raumtemperatur
(~20°C), bei niedriger Feuchtigkeit
unterzogen. Dabei werden die Proben bei
30°C und 90% relativer Feuchtigkeit eine
Woche lang konditioniert. Sie werden
dann wieder auf 20°C gebracht und erneut
geprüft.
Min. Marge Einfügungsdämpfung (%)
Basislinie
Eingetaucht
Basislinie
Trocken
▲▲ Abb. 1: Testergebnisse mit Kabel für den
Innenbereich
Eingetaucht
Trocken
▲▲ Abb. 2: Testergebnisse mit Kabel für den
Außenbereich
Min. Marge Einfügungsdämpfung (%)
Nach den Prüfungen der Basislinie,
werden die Proben in einen mit Wasser
gefüllten Kunststoffbehälter gesteckt.
Der aufgewickelte Teil der Probe wird
völlig ins Wasser eingetaucht. Die
Probeenden
werden
entsprechend
dem Abstand außerhalb des Behälters
gehalten, der erforderlich ist, um sie
mit der Prüfausrüstung zu verbinden.
Das entspricht zirka zwei Meter an
jedem Ende. Die Proben werden mit der
automatisierten Prüfausrüstung geprüft
nachdem sie das erste Mal ins Wasser
eingetaucht werden und dann nochmals
mehrere Wochen lang in regelmäßigen
Abständen.
Min. Marge Einfügungsdämpfung (%)
ausgelegt ist. Zur Darstellung geschirmter
industrieller Ethernet-Produkte findet
ein industrielles Ethernet-Kabel mit
einem Metallfolienschirm, umhüllt mit
einem Geflecht (SF/UTP), Einsatz, das
als Steigleitungskabel sowie für den
Außenbereich bewertet wird, ausgestattet
mit einem hochflexiblen TPE-Mantel.
Min. Marge Einfügungsdämpfung (%)
Technischer Artikel
Basislinie
Eingetaucht
▲▲ Abb. 3: Testergebnisse
Industriekabel
Basislinie
Trocken
mit
ungeschirmtem
meisten Proben auf, die geprüft werden.
Die
Spezifikation
hinsichtlich
der
Category 5e Einfügungsdämpfung wird
angewandt und Mindestmargen für die
Einfügungsdämpfungen der Produkte
berechnet. Diese Mindestmargen sind
graphisch dargestellt und werden je
Produkt verglichen, um zu bestimmen
wie sehr sich das Eintauchen ins Wasser
auf die Leistung des Produkts auswirkt.
Der Einfachheit halber werden die bei
eingetauchten Proben durchgeführten
Messungen gemittelt. Siehe Abbildung
1 bis 4 für die graphisch dargestellten
Einzelergebnisse. In der Tabelle 1 werden
die
vollständigen
Ergebnisse
der
Prüfungen für ins Wasser eingetauchte
Kabel aufgelistet.
In Abbildung 1, ist die Auswirkung
des Wassers auf das Produkt für
Innenanwendungen
klar
ersichtlich.
Die Probe geht vom Bestehen der
Spezifikation mit einer Marge bis hin zum
Eingetaucht
▲▲ Abb. 4:
Testergebnisse
Industriekabel
Trocken
mit
geschirmtem
völligen Versagen über, nachdem sie ins
Wasser eingetaucht wurde. Nachdem
die Probe getrocknet ist, ist sie weiterhin
nicht imstande die Spezifikation der
Einfügungsdämpfung zu erfüllen.
Nachdem die Probe des Kabels für den
Außenbereich in der Abbildung 2 ins
Wasser eingetaucht wird, verliert sie die
Marge der Einfügungsdämpfung und
kommt der Spezifikation nicht nach.
Nachdem die Probe getrocknet ist, besteht
das Prüfergebnis wieder die Spezifikation,
doch wird der ursprüngliche Wert der
Marge gegenüber der Spezifikation nicht
wieder eingeholt.
Abbildung 3 zeigt die Auswirkung des
Eintauchens auf eine ungeschirmte
Industriekabelprobe. Die Probe verliert
an Leistungsmarge wenn sie im Wasser
eingetaucht ist, doch scheitert sie
nicht an der Übereinstimmung mit
der Spezifikation. Nachdem die Probe
▼▼ Tabelle 1: Marge Einfügungsdämpfung (%) der Probestücke, die mehrere Wochen lang ins Wasser eingetaucht
werden
3 Testergebnisse
3.1 Ins Wasser eingetauchte Kabel
Die Prüfergebnisse der in Wasser
eingetauchten Proben werden mit den
Basislinienergebnissen
für
dieselben
Kabel verglichen. Die Änderungen bei den
elektrischen Leistungsparametern sind
unbedeutend, außer für den Parameter
der Einfügungsdämpfung. Die Impedanz
zeigt nicht die erwartete Änderung an.
Der Parameter der Einfügungsdämpfung
weist große Änderungen für die
102
Januar 2020
Probestück
Basislinie
In Wasser
eingetaucht
1. Woche
eingetaucht
2. Wochen
eingetaucht
3. Wochen
eingetaucht
Trocken
Kabel für den
Innenbereich
2.3
-8.6
-9.3
-10.7
-11.4
-3.5
Kabel für den
Außenbereich
3.8
-2.1
-5.7
-7.6
-8.2
1.0
Ungeschirmtes
Industriekabel
4.4
1.6
1.3
0.7
0.9
3.9
Geschirmtes
Industriekabel
13.3
12.0
13.0
12.6
13.3
12.8
www.read-eurowire.com
Technischer Artikel
getrocknet ist, liegt die Leistungsmarge
innerhalb des Bereichs, der für Messfehler
aus der Basislinienmessung zugelassen
wird.
Abb. 4. zeigt die Auswirkung der
Wasserprüfung auf eine geschirmte
Industriekabelprobe. Die Marge der
Einfügungsdämpfung variiert weniger
als vom Bereich für den Messungsfehler
gegenüber der Basislinienmessung für die
ganze Prüfung zugelassen wird.
In der Tabelle 1 ist die Änderung im Laufe
der Zeit der Einfügungsdämpfung der
Proben im Wasser ersichtlich. Industrielle
Ethernet-Kabel zeigen mit der Zeit eine
stabile Marge der Einfügungsdämpfung
nachdem sie eingetaucht wurden.
Die anderen zwei Produkte zeigen
eine sinkende Leistung, während das
Eintauchen fortgeführt wird.
3.2 Kabel in feuchter Umgebung
Proben von Litzen- und Massivleiterkabeln
werden
bei
Raumtemperatur
und
bei niedriger Feuchtigkeit geprüft
und dann nochmals eine Woche
lang bei Raumtemperatur nach der
Konditionierung bei hoher Temperatur
und Feuchtigkeit. Die Probe des
Massivleiters zeigt keine Änderung bei den
hohen elektrischen Parametern. Die Probe
des Litzenleiters nimmt um 2,5% Marge
der Einfügungsdämpfung ab im Vergleich
zu der Spezifikation der Category 5e.
Dieselbe Prüfung der Basislinie und
Feuchtigkeitskonditionierung wird bei
Litzen- und Massivleiterkabeln mit
angeschlossenen
Steckverbindern
(Stecker) durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse
nach der Konditionierung zeigen keine
Veränderungen im Vergleich zu den
Basislinienmessungen.
4 Analysen und
Schlussfolgerungen
Keines der in dieser Überprüfung
behandelten Produkte ist für ein
langfristiges Eintauchen im Wasser
bestimmt. In praktischen Installationen
würde die ganze Länge des Kabels nicht
von Wasser durchnässt sein und das Kabel
kann, nachdem es nass wurde, durchaus
trocknen. Diese Prüfungskonfiguration
vergrößert die Sicht auf die Auswirkung
der Wasserumgebung. Versucht wird
somit Trends mit wenigen Prüfproben zu
ermitteln. Nach einer Analyse des Aufbaus
der geprüften Kabelproben, stimmten
die revidierten Erwartungen mit den
Ergebnissen überein.
Die Konstruktionsmerkmale,
Leistungen
mit
höhere
eingesetzt wurden, wie z.
www.read-eurowire.com
die für
Frequenz
B. dicht
verdrallte Schlaglängen und dicke
Kabelmäntel,
beeinflussen
die
Wechselwirkung des Kabels mit seiner
Umgebung.
Abgeschirmte
Produkte,
die sich in der Regel durch einen hohen
Schutz vor elektrischen Auswirkungen
der Umwelt auszeichnen, zeigen einen
hohen Widerstand gegenüber der
Beeinträchtigung durch eine nassen
Umgebung.
Diese
abgeschirmten
Produkte schützen die Kabelader nicht nur
durch eine elektrische Trennung, sondern
auch durch das Vorhandensein einer
Barriere, durch die Wasser nicht diffundiert
wird.
Die Probe der Kabel für den Außenbereich
und jene für den Innenbereich, die eine
niedrige Leistung aufweist, verfügen
über sehr lange Paarschlaglängen
und einen dünnen Kabelmantel. Diese
Eigenschaften verschaffen dem Kabel
eine höhere Empfindlichkeit gegenüber
den elektrischen Umweltauswirkungen.
Produkte mit höherer Frequenz (wie
z. B. Kabel für den Außenbereich der
Category 6 mit dichten Schlaglängen)
oder Kabel mit dickeren Mänteln (für
rauere Umgebungen) würden auch den
Auswirkungen einer nassen Umgebung
entgegenwirken.
Das Mantelmaterial ist ebenfalls von
Bedeutung, wie im Ergebnis der
Prüfung der Kabel für den Innenbereich
beobachtet wird, bzw. ein Abbau der
Leistungen, die nicht wieder hergestellt
werden, wenn das Kabel trocken ist. Diese
Kabelprobe hat höchstwahrscheinlich
Wasser in seinem Mantel absorbiert.
Dieses Wasser beeinflusst wiederum
die Eigenschaften des Materials auch
nachdem das Kabel abgetrocknet ist.
Das
ungeschirmte
Industrieprodukt
erfährt einen Leistungsabbau während
es eingetaucht ist, der allerdings bei
abgetrocknetem Kabel wieder ganz,
bis auf 0,5% seiner Leistungsmarge,
hergestellt wird. Dieser Margenverlust
liegt innerhalb des in der Prüfung
erwarteten Messungsfehlers.
Bei einem Vergleich dieses Produkts
mit dem Kabel für den Innenbereich,
sind die Paarschlaglängen geringfügig
abweichend
und
die
KunststoffCompounds sind unterschiedlich. Die
Eigenschaften
des
Mantelmaterials
sind der wahrscheinlichste Grund, dass
dieses Produkt unbeschädigt bleibt
nachdem es getrocknet ist. Wenn der
Mantel kein Wasser absorbiert, entspricht
das erwartete Ergebnis, das sich nach
dem Trocknen des Kabels ergibt, den
Leistungen.
Die Ergebnisse der Feuchtigkeitsprüfung
stimmen mit den Erwartungen überein.
Produkte mit Litzenleitern, wie z. B.
Patchkabel oder flexible Industriekabel,
können Wasser absorbieren, wenn sie
ins Wasser gelassen werden. Produkte
mit Endstücken werden unter dieser
Leistungsdämpfung nicht leiden, da die
Feuchtigkeit nicht in den Leiter eindringt.
Die vorliegende Studie über die Kabel
zeigt einige Ergebnisse, die es Wert sind
näher untersucht zu werden. Einige
der Kabeltypen zeigen mit der Zeit
enttäuschende
Ergebnisse
während
die Proben eingetaucht sind. Längere
Versuche
unter
Wasser
könnten
untersuchen, wie weit dieser Abbau
fortschreiten kann. Es wäre auch sinnvoll
die Mantel-Compounds zu untersuchen,
die für Produkte in nassen und feuchten
Orten eingesetzt werden, um zu
bestimmen wie diese Materialien mit
der Zeit mit Wasser interagieren. Weitere
Studien können die Permeabilität des
Mantelmaterials bewerten sowie die
Wasseraufnahme, die Auswirkung auf die
Länge des Paarschlags, die Aufbaufaktoren
wie z. B. die Abschirmung, verschiedene
Niveaus nasser oder feuchter Umgebung
und die unterschiedliche Dauer.
Für die Installationen in Umgebungen, in
denen Kabel Wasser ausgesetzt werden,
lassen sich folgende Empfehlungen
geben. Eine zusätzliche Marge sollte in
einer Installation integriert werden, in der
nasse Kabel erwartet werden.
Das kann durch eine Kabelwahl
erreicht werden oder durch den
Installationsaufbau
für
Einfügungsdämpfung (in der Regel durch
eine Prüfung der Teilstücklängen).
Abgeschirmte Produkte und Produkte, die
entworfen wurden, um den elektrischen
Auswirkungen
der
Umgebung
zu
widerstehen, werden am wenigsten
durch die Wasserbelastung beeinflusst.
Es empfiehlt sich flexible verseilte Kabel
mit Endstücken auszustatten bevor sie
in feuchten Umgebungen installiert
werden oder so bald wie möglich nach der
Installation.
n
Freundlicherweise während des IWCS Cable
and Connectivity Symposium, Rhode Island,
USA, Oktober 2018 zur Verfügung gestellt.
Berk-Tek LLC
132 White Oak Road
New Holland
Pennsylvania 17557
USA
Tel: +1 717 354 6200
Email: berktek.info@nexans.com
Januar 2020
103
новости рынка
Выпущено масло холодного
профилирования
Опасения
по
поводу
ПАУ
и
BaP
(полициклических
ароматических
углеводородов
и
бензо
[а]
пирена)
присутствуют
в
металлообрабатывающей
промышленности
с
2015
года.
Некоторые
продукты
на
основе
нефти, такие как технологические
смазки, могут выделять ПАУ и BaP в
тяжелых условиях эксплуатации. Для
большей бдительности французское
управление медицинского страхования
выпустило
рекомендацию,
ссылка
R.451, касающуюся «Предотвращения
химического
риска,
вызванного
смазочно-охлаждающими
жидкостями». Оно использует данные,
предоставленные INRS о рисках и
пороговых
значениях,
связанных
с BaP, которые содержатся в новых
и
эксплуатационных
смазочноохлаждающих маслах.
Несмотря на то, что эта проблема
регулярно
поднимается
при
использовании
чистых
масел,
нет рекомендаций для операций
холодной обработки. Руководствуясь
принципами HSE (охрана здоровья,
безопасность и окружающая среда)
и CSR (корпоративная социальная
ответственность),
Condat
решил
пойти дальше, учитывая этот вопрос и
предвидя регулирование.
Глубокое знание компанией того,
как снизить содержание ПАУ / BaP
в маслах для обработки в процессе
эксплуатации, привело к разработке
масел Neat Green, которые не
показывают увеличения содержания
BaP после 1500 часов обработки.
В начале 2018 года Condat обратился в
свою исследовательскую лабораторию
с
просьбой
разработать
новые
формулы
для
масел
холодного
направления
с
нейтральным
воздействием с точки зрения BaP.
Помимо своих обязательств в области
КСО, компания также хочет решить
проблемы поставщиков автомобилей
и предоставить клиентам максимально
безопасные продукты. Цель состояла
в том, чтобы совместно с крупными
автомобильными группами совместно
разработать высокопроизводительный
продукт для очень сложных операций
формования.
После шести месяцев исследований
был создан Extrugliss HT 268 VP. В
партнерстве с поставщиком для
автомобильной
промышленности
продукт тестировался в течение почти
12 месяцев на операциях холодной
обработки для изготовления шестерен
и ступиц седла и, как сообщается,
показал хорошие результаты.
Доступный для продажи с июня
2019 года, Extrugliss HT 268 VP
позиционируется
как
продукт
премиум-класса,
специально
разработанный для экстремальных
операций,
генерирующих
избыточное
тепло
(нержавеющая
сталь,
легированная
сталь
с
высоким пределом упругости и т.
Д.). Разработанное для решения
▲▲ Extrugliss HT 268 VP масло
профилирования от Condat
холодного
проблем выбросов BaP, чистое масло
холодного направления состоит из
высококачественных базовых масел
высокой степени очистки и содержит
меньше
остаточных
соединений,
которые могут разлагаться до ПАУ.
Он
противостоит
окислению,
увеличивает
срок
службы
ванн
и
облегчает
обезжиривание,
предотвращая образование липких
остатков на деталях. Он менее
летуч и ограничивает испарение
масла
и
образование
тумана,
улучшая атмосферу в мастерских.
Масло
холодного
направления
двойного назначения обеспечивает
характеристики
смазывания
для
механических компонентов машин с
холодным движением, а также смазку
для операций деформации и имеет
вязкость 68 сСт.
Condat SA
www.condat.fr
Гранулированный кабельный компаунд для наполнения и
блокировки воды
Electric Cable Compounds (ECC) является мировым поставщиком высокоэффективных эластомерных и термопластичных
компаундов на основе полиолефинов. Компания может предоставить два огнестойких эластомерных наполнителя
для кабелей, которые гранулируются, экструдируются, не галогенируются и
соответствуют требованиям RoHS. CableFill®200 и CableFill®300 обеспечивают
ряд преимуществ для производителей кабелей: они сохраняют форму кабеля;
предотвратить деформацию / напряжение компонентов кабеля; заполнить
пробелы / пустоты; обеспечить дополнительные огнезащитные преимущества
для общей конструкции; и уменьшить попадание воды. Изолируя отдельные
компоненты кабеля от контакта, они не снижают общую гибкость кабеля.
Они окрашены, легко снимаются и легко поддаются обработке при низких
температурах. Типичные области применения включают транзитный, шахтный
и судовой кабель с низкой токсичностью.
CableFill300, который является наиболее огнестойким из двух марок, имеет
предельный кислородный индекс 48; CableFill 200 имеет предельный
кислородный индекс 36. Оба соединения разработаны для обработки на
обычном экструзионном оборудовании.
▲▲ CableFill сохраняет форму кабеля, заполняя
пустоты
104
январь 2020 г.
Electric Cable Compounds, Inc
www.electriccablecompounds.com
www.read-eurowire.com
новости рынка
Назначение менеджеров по развитию бизнеса в Metalube
Производитель
смазочных
материалов
Metalube
назначила Сонгул Фейси и Адриана Дей менеджерами
по развитию бизнеса. Г-жа Фейси имеет почти 20-летний
опыт работы в отрасли смазочных материалов и
присоединится к компании из своего дома в Стамбуле,
Турция. Ее более недавний опыт был сосредоточен
на волочении проволоки, производстве деревянных
панелей и в автомобильной промышленности, но на
предыдущих должностях она работала в металлургической
и металлургической промышленности, в производстве
автомобильных запчастей и крепежных деталей.
Комментируя свою новую роль, госпожа Фейси сказала:
«Я очень рада присоединиться к Metalube. Я только
что получила степень магистра MBA, и размер бизнеса,
его репутация быстро растущей и исключительно
инновационной компании по производству смазочных
материалов в сочетании с моим собственным стремлением
к более международной роли привели к тому, что она
отлично подходит. У меня также есть диплом инженера, и
я с удовольствием выявляю проблемы, нахожу решения и
повышаю эффективность.»
Коммерческий директор Дуглас Хант добавил: «Сонгул
будет очень ценным активом для команды. Она уверенный
командный игрок с фантастическими лидерскими
качествами и навыками общения; это в сочетании с ее
инженерным образованием делает ее формулой победы.
Мы рады, что ее переезд в Великобританию уже оказался
таким успешным.»
Второй новый назначенец, г-н Дей, обладает богатым
опытом, более двадцати лет занимался производством
смазочных материалов, в том числе последние восемь лет
были посвящены специальным смазочным материалам,
используемым в волочении проволоки, проволочном
тросе и трубах из цветных металлов.
Мистер Хант прокомментировал: «Здорово иметь Адриана
▲
Адриан Дей
▲
Сонгул Фейси
на борту; он исключительно опытный, и его дружелюбная
и очень позитивная личность хорошо вписывается в
нашу бизнес-культуру. Он будет отвечать за развитие
нового бизнеса, продажи и тесное сотрудничество
с существующими клиентами, особенно в Африке,
Австралазии, Китае, Индии и Юго-Восточной Азии.»
Г-н Дей добавил: «Я начал свою карьеру в области
смазочных материалов в 1995 году с Texaco Lubricants, а
позднее стал Chevron UK. Насколько я помню, я всегда
интересовался и увлекался всеми механическими вещами
и удивлялся, как они работают или что они делают.
Единственное, что у них общего, - это смазки. От Ferrari
до фрегата Королевского флота и волочильного станка эффективная и правильная смазка.»
Metalube Ltd
www.metalube.co.uk
Стабильный инвестиционный климат в кабельной
сфере Южной Америки
С 1 по 3 октября 2019 года выставочный
и конференц-центр Expo в Сан-Паулу,
Бразилия, служил местом встречи
региональных
и
международных
экспертов отрасли из проволочной,
кабельной и трубной промышленности.
186
экспонентов
на
выставке
проводов Южной Америки и Tubotech
представили инновационные машины,
оборудование и услуги на примерно
5000 м2 выставочной площади. Новый
выставочный зал № 1, который
более доступен благодаря своему
центральному расположению, был
впервые занят.
отделке
труб,
обработке
труб,
комплектующих для труб и торговле
трубами.
Интерес
национальных
и
международных
компаний
к
позиционированию в Южной Америке
и инвестированию в соответствующие
машины и оборудование, по-видимому,
высок, даже несмотря на сложные
экономические
условия
на
южноамериканском континенте. 106
компаний из 15 стран выступили на
проводной выставке в Южной Америке
в 2019 году, а параллельная торговая
выставка труб Tubotech собрала 80
участников из 11 стран.
Были представлены технологические
достижения
в
области
металлообработки
и
обработки,
технологии сварки и производства
проволоки и кабеля, а также тенденции
и технологии в производстве труб,
В третий раз совместное участие
Германии в сегментах проводов
и
кабелей.
Десять
компаний
воспользовались этой возможностью,
чтобы продемонстрировать свой опыт
в Бразилии. За три дня отраслевых
www.read-eurowire.com
выставок
чуть
менее
13
000
посетителей-специалистов
посетили
Сан-Паулу; 95 процентов из них были
из Бразилии, а остальные из соседних
стран, таких как Чили, Колумбия,
Аргентина,
Боливия,
Парагвай,
Мексика, Перу и Уругвай, а также из
Индии, Канады и Китая.
Продукция, представленная на двух
выставках, является незаменимой,
особенно в области инфраструктуры,
энергетики, автомобильной техники
и сельского хозяйства. Торговые
посетители прибыли в основном из
нефтегазового сектора, автомобильной
промышленности,
строительного
сектора,
металлоконструкций
и
горнодобывающей промышленности.
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH
www.wire-south-america.com
январь 2020 г.
105
Техническая статья
Кабели во влажных средах
Брайан Марчант, Berk-Tek LLC, Нью Холланд, Пенсильвания, США
Аннотация
Промышленная среда и наружные
установки могут быть в сыром или
влажном месте. Категория продуктов
коммуникационных кабелей, которые
установлены в этих средах, должны
быть в состоянии функционировать без
проблем после установки. Стандартные
испытания, используемые для оценки
этой продукции, определяют, может ли
вода проникать в разъемы, или вода
может распространяться по сердечнику
кабеля. В отличие от этих стандартных
испытаний, данное исследование
будет сосредоточено на испытаниях,
которые оценивают электрические
характеристики кабелей, находящихся
в воде. Это улучшит понимание полного
воздействия мокрых или влажных мест
на кабельные конструкции.
На высокочастотные характеристики
неэкранированного кабеля может
повлиять ситуация, когда в кабеле
находится вода, а не воздух. Этот эффект
смягчается благодаря дизайну оболочки
и экранированию.
Многожильные
проводники
во
влажной среде могут впитывать влагу
в кабель, что может стать причиной
неисправностей. Некоторые разъемы
для промышленных сред предназначены
для избежания этого. Изучая влияние
воды и влажности на кабель, можно
составить рекомендации по установке
кабелей Ethernet с витой парой во
влажных местах.
1 Введение
Вода может поглощать электрические
сигналы. Кабели Ethernet, разработанные
с учетом воздействия воды, имеют
конструкцию, отличную от материалов,
используемых в помещениях. Продукция
может иметь показатели проникновения
воды ANSI / ICEA и устойчивость к
солнечному свету, а не показатели
пожарной безопасности и дыма.
Устанавливаемая
в
помещениях
продукция Ethernet обычно не
предназначена для работы в местах
с повышенной влажностью. Жилы
кабелей не имеют водоблокировки, а
106
январь 2020 г.
материалы оболочки выбраны с учетом
электрических свойств и пожарной
безопасности.
Продукция
для
промышленного
применения Ethernet представляет
собой широкий спектр кабелей,
предназначенных для работы в средах,
которые могут привести к выходу из
строя обычных кабелей. Эта продукция
может быть, а может и не быть рассчитана
справляться с нагрузками окружающей
среды и влажных мест.
Когда
к абели
Ethernet
подвергаются воздействию воды,
их производительность может быть
затронута несколькими различными
способами. Водная среда вне кабеля
вызовет более высокие потери, чем
воздушная среда. Пластик оболочки
может быть достаточно проницаемым
для проникновения воды. Вода может
попасть в сердечник кабеля. Барьеры,
такие как металлическая фольга, могут
препятствовать проникновению воды в
сердечник кабеля.
Вода может проходить через кожух в
сердечник кабеля, распространясь через
материал кожуха или проходя через
отверстия, вызванные повреждением
установки. Если вода проникает в жилу
кабеля, она может распространяться на
электронику в конце кабельной трассы
или вызывать короткие замыкания
внутри кабеля. Любой из этих эффектов
разрушил бы кабельную трассу.
Линии передачи пар в кабеле
предназначены для работы с окружающей
средой оболочки и воздухом вокруг нее.
Если оболочка кабеля поглощает воду,
это изменит ее электрические свойства
(потери, диэлектрик). Электрические
характеристики
кабеля
будут
ухудшаться при изменении этих свойств.
Даже если оболочка не впитывает
воду, окружающая среда воды (а не
воздуха) вокруг кабеля может изменить
высокочастотные
электрические
характеристики.
Предполагалось,
что
из
всех
электрических параметров на потери
в кабеле и импеданс больше всего
будет влиять вода за пределами жилы
кабеля. Импеданс имеет компоненты
окружающей среды - емкость между
парой передачи и окружающими
материалами оказывает влияние.
Вносимые потери увеличиваются,
когда электрические поля поглощаются
средой с высокими потерями.
2 Условия
проведения
испытаний
2.1 Кабели, погруженные в воду
Образцы различных конструкций
кабелей от разных производителей
были намотаны и закреплены для
поддержания их формы. Эти образцы
были проверены на электрические
параметры
с
использованием
автоматического
испытательного
оборудования. Данные испытания
рассматривались как основа для
образцов остальной части испытания.
Протестированные образцы кабеля
включали следующее. Все кабели
были четырьмя парами Ethernetкабелей, отнесенных к категории 5e.
Образец неэкранированного Ethernetкабеля с повышенным напряжением
и оболочкой из ПВХ был использован
для
представления
продукции
внутреннего использования. Образец
наружного кабеля с солнечным светом и
водостойкой полиэтиленовой оболочкой
и гелевым сердечником использовали
для представления наружной кабельной
продукции.
Для
представления
неэкранированной
промышленной
продукции Ethernet использовался
неэкранированный переходной кабель
и промышленный кабель Ethernet для
наружного применения с оболочкой
из ПВХ, который был разработан для
маслостойкости и легких условий
эксплуатации. Промышленный кабель
Ethernet с экраном из металлической
фольги с оплеткой над ним (SF / UTP),
который был поднят и предназначен
для функционирования на открытом
воздухе с очень гибкой оболочкой
TPE, использовался для представления
экранированных
промышленных
продуктов Ethernet.
После базовых испытаний образцы
помещали в пластиковые бочки,
наполненные
водой.
Катушечная
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2.2 Кабели во влажной среде
Образцы многожильных и одножильных
кабелей были испытаны при комнатной
температуре (~20°C) при низкой
влажности. Образцы выдерживали
при 30°С и относительной влажности
90% в течение одной недели. Образцы
возвращали к температуре 20°С и снова
тестировали.
Дополнительные образцы из того же
материала были за с использованием
Ethernet и промышленных кабельных
разъемов в зависимости от кабеля. Эти
образцы были испытаны при комнатной
температуре (~20°С) при низкой
влажности. Образцы выдерживали
при 30°С и относительной влажности
90% в течение одной недели. Образцы
возвращали к температуре 20°С и снова
тестировали.
3 Результаты
испытаний
3.1 Кабели, погруженные в воду
Результаты испытаний образцов, которые
были погружены в воду, сравнивались
с базовыми результатами для тех
же кабелей. Изменения параметров
электрических характеристик были
тривиальными,
за
исключением
параметра
вносимые
потери.
Импеданс не показал ожидаемого
изменения. Параметр вносимых потерь
показал большие изменения для
большинства образцов, которые были
протестированы.
Была применена спецификация потерь
категории 5е к вносимым потерям,
и были рассчитаны минимальные
запасы для потерь на внесение
продукции. Эти минимальные поля
были построены и сопоставлены
для каждого из продуктов, чтобы
определить, насколько погружение в
воду повлияло на производительность
продукта.
www.read-eurowire.com
Минимальная маржа вносимых потерь (%)
Погруженный
Сухой
Базовый
Погруженный
Сухой
▲▲ Рисунок 1: Результат тестирования кабеля в
помещении
▲▲ Рисунок 2: Результат испытания кабеля
снаружи установки
Минимальная маржа вносимых потерь (%)
Образцы были извлечены из бочек с
водой и полностью высушены. Образцы
снова были испытаны с использованием
автоматизированного испытательного
оборудования.
Базовый
Минимальная маржа вносимых потерь (%)
часть образца была полностью
погружена в воду. Концы образцов
держали вне бочек на расстоянии,
необходимом для подключения к
испытательному оборудованию. Это
было примерно два метра на каждом
конце. Образцы тестировались с
помощью
автоматизированного
испытательного оборудования, когда
они сначала погружались в воду, а затем
периодически в течение нескольких
недель.
Минимальная маржа вносимых потерь (%)
Техническая статья
Базовый
Погруженный
Сухой
Базовый
Погруженный
Сухой
▲▲ Рисунок 3: Результаты испытаний
неэкранированного промышленного кабеля
▲▲ Рисунок 4: Результаты испытаний
экранированного промышленного кабеля
Для
простоты
измерения
при
погружении образцов были усреднены
вместе. См. Рисунки с 1 по 4 для
отдельных результатов, представленных
графически. В таблице 1 приведены
полные результаты испытаний кабелей,
погруженных в воду.
вернулся к прохождению спецификации,
но он не вернулся к исходному
количеству поля для спецификации.
На рисунке 1 отчетливо видно влияние
воды на продукт, предназначенный
для использования в помещении.
Образец прошел путь от прохождения
спецификации с запасом до полного
отказа, когда он был погружен в воду.
Когда образец был высушен, образец все
еще не соответствовал спецификации
потери при вставке.
Образец
внешнего
кабеля
для
установки на рисунке 2 потерял запас
вносимых потерь и не соответствовал
спецификации при погружении в воду.
Когда образец высох, результат теста
На рисунке 3 можно наблюдать влияние
погружения в воду на неэкранированном
образце
промышленного
кабеля. Образец потерял запас
производительности в воде, но не
потерпел неудачу в спецификации.
Когда образец высушивался, запас
производительности находился в
пределах диапазона, допустимого для
погрешности измерения от базового
измерения.
На рисунке 4 показано влияние
испытания
водой
на
образец
экранированного
промышленного
кабеля. Запас вносимых потерь
варьировался меньше, чем допустимый
диапазон погрешности измерения от
базового измерения для всего теста.
▼▼ Таблица 1: Запас вносимых потерь (%) образцов, погруженных в воду на несколько недель
Образец
База
Погр в
воду
Погр 1
неделю
Погр 2
неделю
Погр 3
неделю
Сухой
Кабель в помещении
2.3
-8.6
-9.3
-10.7
-11.4
-3.5
Кабель снаружи
установки
3.8
-2.1
-5.7
-7.6
-8.2
1.0
Неэкранированный
промышленный
4.4
1.6
1.3
0.7
0.9
3.9
Экранированный
промышленный
13.3
12.0
13.0
12.6
13.3
12.8
январь 2020 г.
107
Техническая статья
В таблице 1, изменение во времени в
вносимых потерь образцов в воде можно
наблюдать. Кабели промышленного
Ethernet имели стабильный запас
вносимых потерь в течение времени
после погружения. Два других продукта
показали ухудшение характеристик при
продолжении погружения.
3.2 Кабели во влажной среде
Образцы многожильных и одножильных
кабелей были испытаны при комнатной
температуре и низкой влажности, а затем
снова при комнатной температуре после
кондиционирования при повышенной
температуре и влажности в течение
одной недели. Образец твердого
проводника не показал изменений в
высоких электрических параметрах.
Образец многожильного проводника
потерял 2,5% маржи вносимых потерь по
сравнению со спецификацией категории
5е.
То же самое тестирование базовой
линии
и
кондиционирования
влажности
проводилось
на
многожильных и одножильных кабелях
с
присоединенными
разъемами
(штекерами).
Результаты
после
кондиционирования не показали
изменений по сравнению с исходными
измерениями.
4 Анализ и выводы
Ни одна продукция в этом обзоре
не предназначена для длительного
погружения в воду. В практических
установках кабель не может быть
пропитан водой по всей длине, и кабель
может высохнуть после намокания.
Этот набор испытаний преувеличивает
влияние воды из окружающей среды,
чтобы попытаться определить тенденции
с небольшой популяцией испытаний.
После
рассмотрения
дизайна
испытанных
образцов
кабеля
пересмотренные ожидания совпали
с
результатами.
Конструктивные
особенности, которые используются для
более высоких частотных характеристик,
такие как узкая длина скручивания и
толстые кабельные оболочки, влияют на
взаимодействие кабеля с окружающей
средой. Экранированные продукты,
которые обычно обладают высокой
защитой от электрических воздействий
окружающей среды, демонстрируют
высокую устойчивость к воздействию
влажной среды. Эти экранированные
продукты защищают сердечник кабеля
не только электрической изоляцией, но
и создают барьер, через который вода
не проникает.
Образец внешнего кабеля и образец
внутреннего кабеля, которые имели
108
январь 2020 г.
плохие характеристики, имели очень
большую длину парных прокладок
и тонкую оболочку кабеля. Эти
особенности сделают кабель более
чувствительным к электрическим
воздействиям окружающей среды.
Изделия с более высокой частотой
(например, кабель для наружной
установки категории 6 с малой длиной
прокладки) или кабели с более толстой
оболочкой (для более жестких условий)
также могут противостоять воздействию
влажной среды.
оболочки, влагоудержание, влияние
длины парных слоев, конструктивные
факторы, такие как экранирование,
различные уровни влажной или влажной
среды и различную продолжительность.
Материал оболочки также имеет
значение, как видно из результатов
испытаний внутреннего кабеля, которые
деградировали и не восстанавливались
при высыхании. Этот образец кабеля,
скорее всего, впитал воду в свою
оболочку. Эта вода влияла на свойства
материала даже после высыхания
кабеля.
Это может быть достигнуто выбором
кабеля или установкой конструкции
для вносимых потерь (обычно управляя
длиной пробега). Экранированные
продукты и продукты, которые
разработаны так, чтобы противостоять
воздействию электрической среды, будут
меньше всего подвержены воздействию
воды. Рекомендуется подключать
гибкие многожильные кабели перед их
установкой во влажную среду или как
можно скорее после установки.
n
Неэкранированная
промышленная
продукция испытывала снижение
производительности при погружении
в воду, но восстанавливала все, кроме
0,5% своего запаса производительности
при высыхании. Эта потеря запаса
находится в пределах ожидаемой
ошибки измерения в тесте.
Для установок в средах, где кабели
будут
подвергаться
воздействию
воды, могут быть сделаны следующие
рекомендации. Дополнительный запас
должен быть встроен в установку, в
которой ожидается наличие мокрого
кабеля.
Работа опубликована с разрешения
участников 67-ой конференции IWCS,
Провиденс, Род-Айленд, октябрь 2018.
Сравнивая эту продукцию с внутренним
кабелем, длина парных прокладок
немного отличается, а пластикаты
разные. Свойства материала оболочки
являются наиболее вероятной причиной
того, что этот продукт не оставался
ухудшенным при высыхании. Если
оболочка не впитывает воду, результат,
возвращаемый после высыхания кабеля,
является ожидаемым результатом.
Результаты испытаний на влажность
совпали с ожиданиями. Изделия с
многожильным проводом, такие как
соединительный кабель или гибкий
промышленный кабель, могут не
впитывать воду, если они остаются
открытыми.
Терминированные
продукты не пострадают от этой потери
производительности, так как влажность
не впитается в проводник.
Этот обзор кабелей показал некоторые
результаты, которые заслуживают
дальнейшего изучения. Некоторые
типы кабелей показали ухудшение
результатов во время погружения
образцов.
Более
длительные
эксперименты с погружением могли бы
исследовать, насколько далеко может
прогрессировать эта деградация. Также
было бы целесообразно исследовать
составы оболочки, используемые во
влажных и влажных продуктах, чтобы
определить, как эти материалы со
временем взаимодействуют с водой.
Дальнейшие исследования могут
оценить проницаемость материала
Berk-Tek LLC
132 White Oak Road
New Holland
Pennsylvania 17557
USA
Тел: +1 717 354 6200
Email: berktek.info@nexans.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Nouvelles du marché
Condat lance sur le marché de nouvelles
huiles pour frappe à froid
Depuis
2015,
les
hydrocarbures
aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) et
le benzopyrène (BaP) sont un sujet de
préoccupation dans l’industrie du travail
des métaux. En effet, certains produits
dérivés du pétrole, notamment les
lubrifiants de processus, peuvent libérer
des HAP et BaP dans des conditions
d’exploitation difficiles.
Pour plus de vigilance, l’Assurance
maladie a émis une recommandation
(référence
R.451),
concernant
la
«Prévention des risques chimiques
liés aux fluides de coupe». Cette
recommandation utilise les données
fournies par l’INRS sur les risques et les
seuils liés au BaP contenu dans les huiles
de coupe pures neuves et ceux en service.
Bien que ce problème soit régulièrement
soulevé lors de l’utilisation d’huiles
d’usinage pures, il n’existe aucune
recommandation pour les opérations de
frappe à froid.
Au début de l’année 2018, Condat
a sollicité son propre laboratoire de
Recherche et de Développement pour
travailler sur de nouvelles formules
d’huiles de frappe à froid ayant un impact
neutre en termes de BaP. Au-delà de son
engagement RSE, l’entreprise souhaite
également répondre aux préoccupations
des équipementiers automobiles et
fournir à ses clients les produits les
plus sûrs possibles. L’objectif était de
co-développer avec de grands groupes
automobiles un produit ultra-performant
destiné aux opérations de formage très
difficiles.
Après 6 mois de recherche, Extrugliss HT
268 VP voit le jour. En partenariat avec
un équipementier automobile, le produit
est testé pendant près de 12 mois sur
des opérations de frappe à froid pour la
fabrication de pignons et moyeux pour
sièges et, comme déclaré, a montré de
très bons résultats.
Guidée par ses principes HSE (santé,
sécurité et environnement) et RSE
(responsabilité sociale des entreprises),
Condat a décidé d’aller plus loin en
prenant en compte cette question et en
anticipant la réglementation.
Disponible à la vente depuis juin 2019,
Extrugliss HT 268 VP se positionne comme
un produit haut de gamme spécialement
formulé pour les opérations extrêmes
générant une chaleur excessive (acier
inoxydable, acier allié à haute limite
élastique, etc.).
Les connaissances approfondies de
l’entreprise sur la manière de réduire les
HAP/BaP dans les huiles d’usinage en
service ont conduit au développement
des huiles de la série Neat Green, dont
la teneur en BaP n’augmente pas après 1
500 heures d’usinage.
Développée pour résoudre les problèmes
d’émissions de BaP, cette huile de frappe
à froid pure est formulée à partir d’huiles
de base de haute qualité, hautement
raffinées, et contient moins de composés
résiduels susceptibles de se détériorer en
formant des HAP.
▲
Huile pour frappe à froid Extrugliss HT 268 VP de
Condat
Elle résiste à l’oxydation, permet
d’augmenter la durée de vie des bains
et facilite le dégraissage en prévenant
la formation de résidus collants sur les
pièces.
De plus, moins volatile, elle limite
l’évaporation d’huile et la génération de
brouillard permettant ainsi d’améliorer
l’atmosphère dans les ateliers de travail.
Cette huile de frappe à froid à double
usage offre des caractéristiques de
lubrification aux composants mécaniques
des machines de frappe à froid ainsi
qu’une bonne lubrification pour les
opérations de déformation, et affiche une
viscosité de 68 cst.
Condat SA
www.condat.fr
Bourrage de câble granulé et composant imperméable
Electric Cable Compounds (ECC) est un fournisseur mondial de composés élastomériques et polyoléfiniques de haute
performance, réticulables et thermoplastiques. L’entreprise peut fournir deux composés de remplissage de câbles en élastomère
ignifuge qui sont granulés, extrudables, non halogénés et conformes à la directive RoHS.
CableFill®200 et CableFill®300 sont conçus pour offrir une gamme d’avantages
aux fabricants de câbles : ils maintiennent la forme du câble, ils préviennent la
déformation et la sollicitation des composants du câble, ils comblent les fissures
et les espaces vides, ils fournissent des avantages ignifuges supplémentaires à
l’ensemble de la construction et ils réduisent la pénétration d’eau. Tout en isolant
les composants individuels des câbles du contact, ils n’en compromettent pas la
flexibilité globale. Ils sont colorables, faciles à peler et faciles à travailler à basses
températures. Les applications typiques sont les câbles de transport public, les
câbles miniers et les câbles de bord à faible toxicité.
CableFill300, qui est le câble plus ignifuge des deux types, a un indice LOI de 48;
CableFill 200 a une LOI de 36. Les deux composés sont conçus pour être traités sur
des équipements d’extrusion conventionnels.
▲
CableFill maintient la forme du câble tout en
comblant les vides
www.read-eurowire.com
Electric Cable Compounds, Inc
www.electriccablecompounds.com
Janvier 2020
109
Nouvelles du marché
Metalube nomme de nouveaux responsables du développement commercial
Le fabricant de lubrifiants Metalube a nommé Songul Facey
et Adrian Day comme responsables du développement
commercial.
Mme Facey a près de 20 ans d’expérience dans l’industrie
des lubrifiants et rejoint la société depuis sa ville d’origine:
Istanbul, en Turquie. Récemment, son expérience s’est
concentrée dans le secteur du tréfilage de fils, des panneaux
de bois et de l’industrie automobile, mais dans le passé elle a
également travaillé dans les secteurs de l’acier et du fer, des
pièces de rechange automobiles et des dispositifs de fixation.
«Je suis très heureuse de rejoindre Metalube. Je viens de
terminer une maîtrise en administration des affaires, et la
taille de l’entreprise, sa réputation d’entreprise de lubrifiants
à croissance rapide et exceptionnellement innovatrice, ainsi
que mon désir de jouer un rôle plus international, en ont fait
une excellente solution. J’ai également un diplôme d’ingénieur
et j’aime identifier les problèmes, trouver des solutions et
améliorer l’efficacité» a déclaré Mme Facey en commentant
son nouveau rôle.
«Songul sera un atout très précieux pour l’équipe. C’est une
personne fiable qui travaille en équipe, avec d’excellentes
capacités de leadership et de communication. Tout cela,
combiné à son expérience en ingénierie, font d’elle une
formule gagnante. Nous sommes enthousiastes que son
déménagement au Royaume-Uni soit déjà un tel succès» a
ajouté Douglas Hunt, directeur commercial.
Le deuxième nouveau titulaire, M. Day, possède une
vaste expérience de plus de vingt ans dans l’industrie des
lubrifiants, y compris les huit dernières années au cours
desquelles il s’est concentré sur les lubrifiants spéciaux utilisés
dans l’industrie du tréfilage, des câbles métalliques et des
tuyaux non ferreux. «C’est formidable d’avoir Adrian avec
nous. Il a une expérience exceptionnelle et sa personnalité
amicale et très positive s’intégrera parfaitement dans
notre philosophie d’entreprise. Hunt sera responsable du
▲
Adrian Day
▲
Songul Facey
développement de nouvelles affaires, des ventes et travaillera
en étroite collaboration avec les clients existants, en particulier
en Afrique, en Australasie, en Chine, en Inde et en Asie du
Sud-Est» a commenté M. Hunt.
«J’ai commencé ma carrière dans le secteur des lubrifiants en
1995 chez Texaco Lubricants, qui est devenu plus tard Chevron
UK. De mes souvenirs, j’ai toujours ressenti un intérêt et une
fascination pour toutes les choses mécaniques et je me suis
demandé quel était leurs buts ou à quoi elles servaient. La
seule chose qu’ils ont tous en commun, sont les lubrifiants.
D’une Ferrari à une frégate de la Royal Navy en passant
par une tréfileuse, une lubrification efficace et correcte est
essentielle» a déclaré M. Day.
Metalube Ltd
www.metalube.co.uk
Climat d’investissement stable en Amérique du Sud
Du 1er au 3 octobre 2019, l’Expo Exhibition
& Convention Center de São Paulo, au
Brésil, a servi de lieu de rencontre pour
les experts régionaux et internationaux
de l’industrie du fil, du câble et des
tuyaux. 186 exposants ont présenté
des machines, des équipements et
des services innovants sur une surface
d’exposition d’environ 5 000 m2 aux foires
commerciales wire South America et
Tubotech. Le nouveau hall d’exposition
1, plus facilement accessible grâce à son
emplacement central, a été occupé pour
la première fois.
Les dernières innovations technologiques
dans les domaines de l’usinage et de
la transformation des métaux, de la
technique de soudage et de l’industrie
du fil et du câble ont été présentées, ainsi
que les tendances et les technologies
110
Janvier 2020
dans la production, la finition et le
traitement des tubes, les accessoires pour
tubes et le commerce des tubes.
L’intérêt des entreprises nationales et
internationales à se positionner en
Amérique du Sud et donc à investir dans
les machines et dans les équipements
semble élevé, même dans un contexte
économique difficile sur le continent
sud-américain. 106 entreprises originaires
de 15 pays se sont présentées à wire
South America 2019, tandis que le salon
parallèle Tubotech pour tubes a attiré 80
exposants de 11 pays.
Pour la troisième fois, il y a eu une
participation du gouvernement Allemand
pour les secteurs du fil et du câble. Dix
entreprises ont profité de cette occasion
pour démontrer leur propre expérience
au Brésil. Au cours des trois jours de la
foire, presque 13 000 visiteurs se sont
rendus à São Paulo, dont 95% venaient
du Brésil. Le reste venait de pays voisins
comme le Chili, la Colombie, l’Argentine,
la Bolivie, le Paraguay, le Mexique, le
Pérou et l’Uruguay, ainsi que d’Inde, du
Canada et de Chine.
Les produits exposés aux deux salons
sont indispensables, notamment dans les
domaines des infrastructures, de l’énergie
et de la technologie automobile et de
l’agriculture. Les visiteurs provenaient
principalement du secteur pétrolier et
gazier, de l’industrie automobile, du
secteur du bâtiment, des constructions
métalliques et de l’industrie minière.
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH
www.wire-south-america.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Article technique
Câbles en environnements
humides
Par Brian Marchant, Berk-Tek LLC, New Holland, Pennsylvania, États-Unis
Résumé
Les environnements industriels et les
installations extérieures peuvent être
humides ou mouillés. Les produits de la
catégorie des câbles de communication
qui sont installés dans ces environnements
doivent
pouvoir
fonctionner
sans
problème lorsqu’ils sont installés. Les tests
typiques utilisés pour évaluer ces produits
déterminent si de l’eau peut pénétrer
dans les connecteurs ou se propager
jusqu’à l’âme du câble. Contrairement
à ces essais typiques, cette étude se
penchera sur les essais qui évaluent les
performances électriques des câbles qui
sont immergés dans l’eau. Cela permettra
de mieux comprendre l’effet complet des
environnements humides ou mouillés sur
le câblage structuré.
Les performances haute fréquence
d’un câble non blindé peuvent être
affectées par le fait que l’environnement
d’installation du câble est l’eau plutôt
que l’air. Cet effet est atténué grâce à la
conception de la gaine et au blindage.
Les conducteurs toronnés installés
dans des environnements humides
peuvent laisser pénétrer de l’humidité
dans le câble, ce qui peut causer des
défaillances. Certains connecteurs pour les
environnements industriels sont conçus
pour éviter ce problème. L’étude de l’effet
de l’eau et de l’humidité sur le câble,
permet de formuler des recommandations
d’installation pour les câbles Ethernet
à paires torsadées dans les endroits
humides.
1 Introduction
L’eau peut absorber les signaux
électriques. Les câbles Ethernet conçus
en tenant compte de l’exposition à l’eau
sont réalisés avec des matériaux de
construction différents de ceux des câbles
d’intérieur. Il peut y avoir des produits
conformes aux normes ANSI/ICEA qui
ont des caractéristiques de résistance à
la pénétration de l’eau et à la lumière du
soleil plutôt que des caractéristiques de
sécurité incendie et anti-fumée.
www.read-eurowire.com
Les produits Ethernet d’intérieur ne sont
généralement pas conçus pour tolérer les
endroits humides. Les âmes des câbles ne
sont pas hydrofuges et les matériaux de
la gaine sont choisis pour leurs propriétés
électriques et leur sécurité contre les
incendies.
Les produits Ethernet industriels font
partie d’une large gamme de câbles
conçus pour fonctionner dans des
environnements
qui
provoqueraient
une défaillance des câbles standard. Ces
produits peuvent ou non être conçus
pour résister aux contraintes des endroits
extérieurs et humides.
Lorsque les câbles Ethernet sont exposés
à l’eau, leurs performances peuvent
être affectées de plusieurs manières
différentes. Un environnement avec
de l’eau à l’extérieur du câble causera
plus de pertes qu’un environnement
aérien. Le plastique de la gaine peut être
suffisamment perméable pour permettre à
l’eau de s’infiltrer; l’eau peut donc pénétrer
dans l’âme du câble. Les barrières telles
que les feuilles métalliques peuvent
empêcher l’eau de se propager jusqu’à
cette dernière.
L’eau peut passer à travers la gaine et
pénétrer dans l’âme du câble en se
propageant à travers le matériau de la
gaine ou en passant à travers les trous
causés par les dommages d’installation.
Si de l’eau pénètre dans l’âme du câble,
elle peut se propager aux composants
électroniques à l’extrémité du tronçon de
câble ou provoquer des courts-circuits à
l’intérieur de ce dernier. L’un ou l’autre de
ces effets peut endommager le tronçon du
câble.
Les lignes de transmission des paires du
câble sont conçues pour fonctionner avec
une gaine dans un environnement avec de
l’air. Si la gaine du câble absorbe de l’eau,
cela modifie ses propriétés électriques
(perte, diélectrique). Les performances
électriques du câble diminuent lorsque
ces propriétés changent. Même si la gaine
n’absorbe pas d’eau, un environnement
avec de l’eau (plutôt que de l’air) autour
du câble peut modifier les performances
électriques à haute fréquence.
Dans le cadre des paramètres des
performances électriques, on s’attendait
à ce que l’affaiblissement d’insertion et
l’impédance soient les paramètres les
plus affectés par la présence de l’eau à
l’extérieur de l’âme du câble. L’impédance
est caractérisée par des composantes
environnementales (la capacité entre la
paire de transmission et les matériaux
environnants a un impact sur la même).
L’affaiblissement d’insertion augmente
lorsque les champs électriques sont
absorbés par un milieu à perte élevée.
2 Configuration
de l’essai
2.1 Câbles immergés dans l’eau
Des échantillons de différents types de
câbles réalisés par divers fabricants ont
été enroulés et fixés pour conserver
leur forme. Ces échantillons ont été
essayés pour évaluer les paramètres de
performance électrique à l’aide d’un
équipement d’essai automatisé. Ces tests
ont été traités comme une référence de
base pour les échantillons pour le reste
des essais.
Les échantillons de câbles essayés
comprenaient les éléments suivants. La
totalité des câbles étaient quatre paires de
câbles Ethernet classés de catégorie 5e.
Un échantillon de câble Ethernet vertical
non blindé équipé d’une gaine en PVC a
été utilisé pour représenter les produits de
câbles d’intérieur. Un échantillon de câble
pour installation extérieure avec une gaine
en polyéthylène résistant à la lumière
solaire et à l’eau et avec une âme remplie
de gel a été utilisé pour représenter les
produits de câbles extérieurs. Un câble
Ethernet industriel vertical non blindé
destiné à des applications extérieures avec
une gaine en PVC, conçu pour résister
à l’huile et aux environnements non
difficiles, a été utilisé pour représenter les
produits Ethernet industriels non blindés.
Un câble Ethernet industriel avec un
blindage en feuille métallique recouvert
d’une tresse (SF/UTP), classé comme
câble vertical et résistant aux intempéries
Janvier 2020
111
Les échantillons ont été retirés des
récipients d’eau et complètement séchés.
Les échantillons ont de nouveau été
testés à l’aide de l’équipement d’essai
automatisé.
2.2
Câbles dans un environnement
humide
Des échantillons de câbles conducteurs
toronnés et massifs ont été testés à
température ambiante (~20°C) et à
faible humidité. Les échantillons ont été
conditionnés à 30°C et 90% d’humidité
relative pendant une semaine. Les
échantillons ont été ramenés à 20°C et
testés à nouveau.
D’autres échantillons du même matériau
ont été pourvus de raccordements pour
connecteurs pour câbles Ethernet et pour
connecteurs pour câbles industriels, selon
le cas. Ces échantillons ont été testés
à température ambiante (~20°C) et à
faible humidité. Les échantillons ont été
conditionnés à 30°C et 90% d’humidité
relative pendant une semaine. Les
échantillons ont été ramenés à 20°C et
testés à nouveau.
3 Résultats des essais
3.1 Câbles immergés dans l’eau
Les résultats des essais pour les
échantillons immergés dans l’eau ont
été comparés aux résultats de référence
pour les mêmes câbles. Les variations
des
paramètres
de
performance
électrique ont été négligeables, sauf
pour le paramètre de l’affaiblissement
d’insertion. L’impédance n’indiquait pas
le changement prévu. Le paramètre de
l’affaiblissement d’insertion a montré des
changements importants pour la plupart
des échantillons testés.
La spécification concernant l’affaiblissement d’insertion de catégorie 5e a été
appliquée et les marges minimales pour
l’affaiblissement d’insertion des produits
112
Janvier 2020
Immergé
Sec
Marge mini de l’affaiblissement d’insertion (%)
Base de référence
Base de référence
Immergé
Sec
▲▲ Figure 1: Résultat de l’essai du câble d’intérieur
▲▲ Figure 2: Résultat de l’essai du câble d’extérieur
Marge mini de l’affaiblissement d’insertion (%)
Après les essais de référence, les
échantillons ont été ensuite placés dans
des récipients en plastique remplis d’eau.
La partie enroulée de l’échantillon a
été complètement immergé dans l’eau.
Les extrémités des échantillons ont été
maintenues à l’extérieur du récipient à la
distance nécessaire pour se connecter à
l’équipement d’essai, c’est-à-dire environ
deux mètres à chaque extrémité. Les
échantillons ont été testés à l’aide de
l’équipement d’essai automatisé lorsqu’ils
ont été immergés pour la première fois
dans l’eau et de nouveau périodiquement
pendant plusieurs semaines.
Marge mini de l’affaiblissement d’insertion (%)
équipé d’une gaine TPE très flexible, a
été utilisé pour représenter les produits
Ethernet industriels blindés.
Marge mini de l’affaiblissement d’insertion (%)
Article technique
Base de référence
Immergé
Sec
Base de référence
Immergé
Sec
▲▲ Figure 3: Résultat de l’essai du câble industriel non
blindé
▲▲ Figure 4: Résultat de l’essai du câble industriel
blindé
ont été calculées. Ces marges minimales
ont été représentées graphiquement
et comparées pour chaque produit
afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure
l’immersion dans l’eau a eu une incidence
sur les performances du produit. Par souci
de simplicité, on a calculé la moyenne des
mesures prises lorsque les échantillons
ont été submergés. Voir les Figures de 1 à
4 pour les résultats individuels présentés
sous forme graphique. Le Tableau 1
présente les résultats complets des essais
pour les câbles immergés dans l’eau.
L’échantillon
du
câble
extérieur
représenté à la Figure 2 a perdu sa marge
d’affaiblissement d’insertion et n’a pas
satisfait aux spécifications lorsqu’il a été
immergé dans l’eau. Lorsque l’échantillon
a été séché, le résultat de l’essai est allé
au-delà de la spécification, mais il n’a pas
atteint la marge initiale par rapport à la
spécification.
Dans la Figure 1, l’impact de l’eau sur le
produit à usage intérieur est clairement
visible. L’échantillon est passé de la
conformité aux spécifications avec une
marge jusqu’à la défaillance complète
après avoir été submergé dans l’eau.
Lorsque l’échantillon a été séché, il n’était
toujours pas conforme à la spécification de
l’affaiblissement d’insertion.
Dans la Figure 3, l’on peut observer
l’effet de l’immersion dans l’eau sur
un échantillon de câble industriel non
blindé. L’échantillon a perdu sa marge
de performance lorsqu’il a été immergé
dans l’eau, mais il reste conforme aux
spécifications.
Lorsque l’échantillon a été séché, la
marge de performance se situait à
l’intérieur de la marge d’erreur admissible
pour la mesure à partir de la mesure de
référence.
▼▼ Tableau 1: Marge d’affaiblissement d’insertion (%) des échantillons immergés dans l’eau pendant plusieurs
semaines
Échantillon
Base de
référence
Immergé
dans l’eau
1ère
semaine
d’immersion
2ème
semaine
d’immersion
3ème
semaine
d’immersion
Sec
Câble
d’intérieur
2.3
-8.6
-9.3
-10.7
-11.4
-3.5
Câble
d’extérieur
3.8
-2.1
-5.7
-7.6
-8.2
1.0
Câble industriel
non blindé
4.4
1.6
1.3
0.7
0.9
3.9
Câble industriel
blindé
13.3
12.0
13.0
12.6
13.3
12.8
www.read-eurowire.com
Article technique
La Figure 4 montre l’impact de l’essai en
eau sur un échantillon de câble industriel blindé. La marge d’affaiblissement
d’insertion a varié de moins que la marge
d’erreur de mesure admissible par rapport
à la mesure de référence pour l’ensemble
de l’essai.
Dans le Tableau 1, l’on peut observer
l’évolution dans le temps de l’affaiblissement d’insertion des échantillons immergés
dans l’eau. Les câbles Ethernet industriels
présentent une marge d’affaiblissement
d’insertion stable dans le temps une
fois immergés. Les deux autres produits
montrent des performances qui diminuent
à mesure que la durée de l’immersion
augmente.
3.2
Câbles dans un environnement
humide
Des échantillons de câbles à conducteurs
toronnés et massifs ont été essayés
à température ambiante et à faible
humidité, de nouveau à température
ambiante après conditionnement à
température et humidité élevée pendant
une semaine. L’échantillon du type à
conducteur massif n’a montré aucun
changement
dans
les
paramètres
électriques élevés. L’échantillon de conducteurs torsadés a perdu 2,5% de sa
marge d’affaiblissement d’insertion par
rapport à la spécification de catégorie 5e.
Les mêmes essais de référence et de
conditionnement à l’humidité ont été
effectués sur des câbles à conducteurs
toronnés et massifs avec des connecteurs
(fiches) attachés. Les résultats obtenus
après le conditionnement n’ont montré
aucune variation par rapport aux mesures
de référence.
4 Analyse et
conclusions
Aucun des produits de cette étude n’est
destiné à l’immersion à long terme dans
l’eau. Dans les installations pratiques, la
longueur totale du câble n’est pas trempé
dans l’eau et le câble peut se sécher après
avoir été mouillé.
Cette configuration d’essai offre une vision
amplifiée de l’effet de l’environnement
avec de l’eau pour tenter de déterminer
les tendances sur la base de quelques
échantillons d’essai.
Après un nouvel examen de la structure
des échantillons de câbles essayés, les
attentes révisées correspondent aux
résultats.
Les caractéristiques de conception
utilisées pour des performances haute
fréquence, telles que des longueurs de pas
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serrées et des gaines de câble épaisses,
influencent l’interaction du câble avec
son environnement. Les produits blindés,
qui en général offrent une protection
élevée contre les effets électriques de
l’environnement, présentent une grande
résistance aux effets d’un environnement
humide. Ces produits blindés protègent
l’âme du câble non seulement au moyen
de l’isolation électrique, mais également
grâce à une barrière par laquelle l’eau ne
peut pas pénétrer.
L’échantillon de câble d’extérieur et
l’échantillon de câble d’intérieur qui
montraient de faibles performances,
présentaient de très longs pas de paires et
une gaine de câble mince.
Ces caractéristiques rendraient le câble
plus sensible aux effets de l’électricité sur
l’environnement. Les produits à fréquence
plus élevée (tels que les câbles d’extérieur
de catégorie 6 avec des longueurs de pas
serrées) ou les câbles à gaine plus épaisse
(pour les environnements plus difficiles)
résisteraient également aux effets d’un
environnement humide.
Le matériau de la gaine est également
important comme le montre le
résultat du test effectué sur les câbles
d’intérieur, indiquant une diminution des
performances qui ne se sont pas rétablies
après le séchage. Cet échantillon de câble
a très probablement absorbé de l’eau dans
sa gaine. Cette eau a affecté les propriétés
du matériau même après le séchage du
câble.
Le produit industriel non blindé a subi
une dégradation de ses performances
pendant son immersion, mais il a récupéré
la totalité de sa marge de performance,
sauf 0,5%, lorsqu’il a été séché. Cette
perte de marge se situe à l’intérieur de
l’erreur de mesure prévue dans le test.
En comparant ce produit au câble
d’intérieur, les longueurs de pas des
paires sont légèrement différentes et les
composés plastiques sont différents.
Les propriétés du matériau de l’enveloppe
sont la raison la plus probable pour
laquelle ce produit n’est pas resté dégradé
lorsqu’il a été séché.
Cette étude sur les câbles a montré
certains résultats qui méritent d’être
étudiés davantage. Certains types
de câbles présentaient des résultats
décevants au fil du temps lorsque les
échantillons étaient immergés. Des
expériences d’immersion plus longues
pourraient permettre d’étudier dans
quelle mesure cette détérioration pourrait
progresser.
Il serait également utile d’étudier les
composés de la gaine utilisés dans
les produits pour les environnements
humides et mouillés afin de déterminer
comment ces matériaux interagissent avec
l’eau au fil du temps.
Des prochaines études pourront évaluer
la perméabilité des matériaux de la
gaine, la rétention d’eau, l’impact de la
longueur du pas de paires, les facteurs
de construction tels que le blindage,
les différents niveaux d’environnement
humide ou mouillé et les différentes
durées.
Pour
les
installations
dans
des
environnements où les câbles seront
exposés à l’eau, les recommandations
suivantes peuvent être faites. Une marge
supplémentaire devrait être intégrée dans
une installation qui s’attend à ce que le
câble soit mouillé.
Ceci peut être réalisé par le choix du câble
ou par la conception de l’installation pour
l’affaiblissement d’insertion (généralement
en contrôlant les longueurs du tronçon du
câble).
Les produits blindés et les produits conçus
pour résister aux effets de l’environnement
électrique seront moins affectés par
l’exposition à l’eau. Il est recommandé de
terminer les câbles souples toronnés avant
de les installer dans des environnements
humides ou le plus tôt possible après
l’installation.
n
Avec l’aimable autorisation de IWCS Cable
and Connectivity Symposium, Rhode Island,
États-Unis, octobre 2018.
Si la gaine n’a pas absorbé l’eau, le retour
de la performance lorsque le câble a été
séché est le résultat attendu.
Les résultats des essais d’humidité ont
répondu aux attentes. Les produits
conducteurs toronnés comme les cordons
de raccordement ou les câbles industriels
flexibles peuvent absorber de l’eau
s’ils y sont exposés. Les produits avec
raccordements ne seront pas sujets à
cette perte de performance car l’humidité
ne s’infiltrera pas dans le conducteur.
Berk-Tek LLC
132 White Oak Road
New Holland
Pennsylvania 17557
États-Unis
Tel: +1 717 354 6200
Email: berktek.info@nexans.com
Janvier 2020
113
Notizie del mercato
Condat lancia sul mercato nuovi oli per
stampaggio a freddo
Gli idrocarburi policiclici aromatici
(IPA) e il benzopirene (BaP) suscitano
molta
preoccupazione
nell’industria
metallurgica sin dal 2015.
Alcuni prodotti derivati dal petrolio,
come i lubrificanti di processo, possono
rilasciare IPA e BaP in condizioni operative
gravose.
Per garantire una maggiore vigilanza,
l’autorità sanitaria francese ha emanato
una raccomandazione (riferimento R.451),
riguardante la “Prevenzione dei rischi
chimici causati dai fluidi da taglio”.
Tale raccomandazione utilizza i dati forniti
dall’INRS sulle soglie e sui rischi legati
al BaP contenuto negli oli da taglio puri
nuovi e in quelli in servizio.
Sebbene questo problema venga
regolarmente sollevato quando si
utilizzano oli per macchinari puri,
non sono previste raccomandazioni
per le operazioni di stampaggio a
freddo. Guidata dai propri principi HSE
(salute, sicurezza e ambiente) e CSR
(responsabilità sociale d’impresa), Condat
ha deciso di andare oltre tenendo conto
di questo problema e anticipando la
normativa.
La profonda conoscenza dell’azienda su
come ridurre i contenuti di IPA/BaP negli
oli per macchinari in servizio ha portato
allo sviluppo di oli puri della serie Neat
Green, che non presentano un aumento
del contenuto di BaP dopo 1.500 ore di
lavorazione.
All’inizio del 2018, Condat ha chiesto al
proprio laboratorio di ricerca e sviluppo di
mettere a punto nuove formule di oli per
stampaggio a freddo a impatto neutro in
termini di BaP.
Oltre all’impegno da un punto di vista
della responsabilità sociale d’impresa,
l’azienda desidera anche rispondere alle
preoccupazioni dei fornitori del settore
automobilistico e fornire ai clienti prodotti
più sicuri possibile.
L’obiettivo era quello di sviluppare
assieme
ai
principali
gruppi
automobilistici un prodotto ad alte
prestazioni destinato ad operazioni di
formatura molto complesse.
Dopo sei mesi di ricerca, è stato creato
Extrugliss HT 268 VP. In collaborazione con
un fornitore automobilistico, il prodotto
è stato testato per circa 12 mesi su
operazioni di stampaggio a freddo per la
produzione di pignoni e mozzi per sedili
e, come dichiarato, ha evidenziato buoni
risultati.
Disponibile per la vendita dal giugno
2019, Extrugliss HT 268 VP si posiziona
come
prodotto
di
alta
qualità
specificamente formulato per operazioni
estreme che generano calore eccessivo
(acciaio inossidabile, acciaio legato ad alto
limite elastico, ecc.).
Sviluppato per risolvere i problemi
di emissioni di BaP, l’olio puro per
stampaggio a freddo è formulato con oli
base di alta qualità, altamente raffinati,
▲▲ Olio per stampaggio a freddo Extrugliss HT 268 VP
di Condat
e contiene meno composti residui che
possono deteriorarsi formando degli IPA.
Resiste all’ossidazione, aumenta la vita dei
bagni e facilita lo sgrassaggio prevenendo
la formazione di residui vischiosi sulle
parti. È inoltre meno volatile e limita
l’evaporazione dell’olio e la generazione
di nebbia, migliorando l’atmosfera nelle
officine.
Questo olio per stampaggio a freddo
a doppia funzione offre ai componenti
meccanici
delle
attrezzature
per
lo stampaggio a freddo ottime
caratteristiche di lubrificazione e una
buona lubrificazione per le operazioni di
deformazione, presentando una viscosità
di 68 cst.
Condat SA
www.condat.fr
Riempimento pellettizzato per cavi e composto idrorepellente
Electric Cable Compounds (ECC) è un fornitore globale di composti elastomerici e poliolefinici reticolabili e termoplastici ad alte
prestazioni. L’azienda è in grado di fornire due composti di riempimento per cavi elastomerici ignifughi, che sono pellettizzati,
estrudibili, non alogenati e conformi alla direttiva RoHS.
CableFill®200 e CableFill®300 sono progettati per fornire una serie di vantaggi ai
produttori di cavi: mantengono la forma del cavo, prevengono deformazione e
sollecitazione dei componenti del cavo, riempiono fessure/spazi vuoti, forniscono
ulteriori vantaggi ignifughi all’intera struttura e riducono l’ingresso di acqua.
Pur isolando i singoli componenti del cavo dal contatto, essi non pregiudicano
la flessibilità complessiva del cavo. Sono colorabili, facili da pelare e facilmente
lavorabili a basse temperature. Le applicazioni tipiche includono cavi per mezzi
di trasporto collettivo, cavi per l’industria mineraria e cavi di bordo con una bassa
tossicità.
CableFill300, che è il composto con maggiore capacità ignifuga fra le delle due
qualità, presenta un LOI di 48; CableFill 200 prevede un LOI di 36. Entrambi i
composti sono progettati per essere lavorati su impianti di estrusione convenzionali.
▲▲ CableFill mantiene la forma del cavo mentre
riempie le fessure
114
Gennaio 2020
Electric Cable Compounds, Inc
www.electriccablecompounds.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Notizie del mercato
Metalube nomina nuovi responsabili per lo
sviluppo commerciale
L’azienda produttrice di lubrificanti Metalube ha nominato
Songul Facey e Adrian Day come responsabili per lo sviluppo
commerciale.
La signora Facey ha quasi 20 anni di esperienza nel settore dei
lubrificanti e arriva all’azienda dalla propria città di Istanbul,
in Turchia. La sua esperienza più recente si è concentrata nel
settore della trafilatura, dei pannelli in legno e dell’industria
automobilistica, ma in ruoli precedenti ha lavorato nei settori
dell’acciaio e del ferro, dei pezzi di ricambio per l’industria
automobilistica e degli elementi di fissaggio.
Commentando il suo nuovo ruolo, la signora Facey ha
dichiarato: “Sono entusiasta di entrare a far parte di Metalube.
Ho appena terminato un master in amministrazione aziendale,
e le dimensioni dell’azienda, la sua reputazione di azienda di
lubrificanti in rapida crescita ed eccezionalmente innovativa,
unita al mio desiderio di un ruolo più internazionale, hanno
fatto sì che fosse un’ottima soluzione. Ho anche una laurea in
ingegneria e mi piace identificare i problemi, trovare soluzioni
e migliorare l’efficienza”.
Il direttore commerciale Douglas Hunt ha aggiunto: “Songul
rappresenterà una risorsa molto preziosa per il team. È una
persona affidabile che lavora in team, con eccellenti capacità
di leadership e di comunicazione. Queste, unite al suo
background ingegneristico, ne fanno una formula vincente.
Siamo entusiasti che il suo trasferimento nel Regno Unito si
stia già dimostrando un tale successo”.
Il secondo nuovo incaricato, il signor Day, possiede una vasta
esperienza, con più di vent’anni nel settore dei lubrificanti,
compresi gli ultimi otto durante i quali si è concentrato sui
lubrificanti speciali utilizzati nei settori della trafilatura, delle
funi metalliche e dei tubi non ferrosi.
Il signor Hunt ha commentato: “È fantastico avere Adrian
con noi. Ha un’esperienza eccezionale e la sua personalità
amichevole e altamente positiva si inserirà molto bene
▲
Adrian Day
▲
Songul Facey
nella nostra filosofia aziendale. Hunt sarà responsabile del
nuovo sviluppo commerciale e delle vendite e lavorerà a
stretto contatto con i clienti esistenti, in particolare in Africa,
Australasia, Cina, India e Sud-est asiatico”.
Day ha aggiunto: “Ho iniziato la mia carriera nel settore dei
lubrificanti nel 1995 con Texaco Lubricants, diventato poi
Chevron UK. Da quando ne ho memoria ho sempre provato un
interesse e un fascino per tutte le cose meccaniche e mi sono
chiesto quale era il loro scopo o a cosa servivano.
L’unica cosa che tutti hanno in comune sono i lubrificanti. Da
una Ferrari a una fregata della Royal Navy a una trafilatrice, una
lubrificazione efficace e corretta è essenziale”.
Metalube Ltd
www.metalube.co.uk
Clima stabile per gli investimenti a wire South America
Il nuovo padiglione 1, più facilmente
accessibile grazie alla sua posizione
centrale, è stato occupato per la prima
volta.
e le tecnologie per quanto riguarda la
produzione, la finitura e la lavorazione
dei tubi, gli accessori per tubi e il
commercio dei tubi. L’interesse delle
aziende nazionali e internazionali a
posizionarsi in Sud America e ad investire
di conseguenza nei macchinari e nelle
attrezzature appare elevato, anche in
presenza di condizioni economiche
difficili nel continente sudamericano.
A wire South America 2019 si sono
presentate 106 aziende provenienti da 15
paesi, mentre la fiera per tubi Tubotech
che si è tenuta contemporaneamente, ha
attirato 80 espositori da 11 paesi.
Sono state presentate le ultime novità
tecnologiche nei settori della lavorazione
e trasformazione dei metalli, della
tecnologia di saldatura e dell’industria
del filo e del cavo, nonché le tendenze
Per la terza volta vi è stata una
partecipazione governativa tedesca per
i settori del filo e del cavo. Dieci aziende
hanno colto questa occasione per
dimostrare la propria esperienza in Brasile.
Dal 1° al 3 ottobre 2019, l’Expo Exhibition
& Convention Center di San Paolo, in
Brasile, è stato un luogo di incontro
per gli esperti regionali e internazionali
dell’industria del filo, del cavo e dei
tubi. 186 espositori hanno presentato
macchinari,
attrezzature
e
servizi
innovativi su circa 5.000m2 di superficie
espositiva alle fiere commerciali wire
South America e Tubotech.
www.read-eurowire.com
Nei tre giorni di fiera, si sono recati a San
Paolo quasi 13.000 visitatori, il 95 per
cento dei quali provenienti dal Brasile.
Il resto proveniva da paesi vicini come
Cile, Colombia, Argentina, Bolivia,
Paraguay, Messico, Perù e Uruguay, oltre
che da India, Canada e Cina.
I prodotti esposti alle due fiere sono
indispensabili, soprattutto nei settori delle
infrastrutture della tecnologia dell’energia
e della tecnologia automobilistica nonché
dell’agricoltura. I visitatori provenivano
principalmente dal settore petrolifero e
del gas, dall’industria automobilistica,
dall’edilizia, dal settore delle costruzioni
metalliche e dall’industria mineraria.
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH
www.wire-south-america.com
Gennaio 2020
115
Articolo tecnico
Cavi in ambienti umidi
A cura di Brian Marchant, Berk-Tek LLC, New Holland, Pennsylvania, Stati Uniti
Riassunto
Gli ambienti industriali e le installazioni
esterne possono essere luoghi bagnati o
umidi. I prodotti della categoria dei cavi di
comunicazione installati in questi ambienti
devono essere in grado di funzionare
senza problemi una volta installati.
Le prove tipiche che si usano per valutare
questi prodotti determinano se l’acqua
entra nei connettori o se si propaga fino
al nucleo del cavo. A differenza di queste
prove tipiche, la presente indagine si
concentrerà su prove che valutano le
prestazioni elettriche dei cavi immersi
nell’acqua. Ciò consentirà di comprendere
meglio l´intero l’effetto dei luoghi bagnati
o umidi sul cablaggio strutturato.
Le prestazioni ad alta frequenza di un cavo
non schermato possono essere influenzate
dal fatto che l’ambiente in cui si trova il
cavo è costituito dall’acqua piuttosto che
dall’aria. Questo effetto è attenuato dalla
struttura della guaina e dalla schermatura.
I conduttori trefolati installati in ambienti
umidi possono lasciare penetrare l’umidità
nel cavo, il che potrebbe causare dei
guasti. Alcuni connettori per ambienti
industriali sono stati progettati per evitare
questo problema.
Lo studio dell’effetto dell’acqua e
dell’umidità sul cavo consente di
formulare delle raccomandazioni per
l’installazione di cavi Ethernet a doppino
intrecciato in ambienti umidi.
1
Introduzione
L’acqua può assorbire segnali elettrici.
I cavi Ethernet progettati tenendo conto
dell’esposizione all’acqua sono realizzati
con materiali di struttura diversa rispetto ai
cavi per interni. Si possono avere prodotti
conformi alle norme ANSI/ICEA che
presentano caratteristiche di resistenza
alla penetrazione dell’acqua e alla luce
solare piuttosto che caratteristiche di
sicurezza antincendio e antifumo.
I prodotti Ethernet per interni non sono
generalmente progettati per tollerare
luoghi umidi.
116
Gennaio 2020
I nuclei dei cavi non sono idrorepellenti
e i materiali della guaina vengono scelti
per le proprietà elettriche e le prestazioni
antincendio.
I prodotti Ethernet industriali costituiscono
una vasta gamma di cavi progettati per
il funzionamento in ambienti in cui cavi
normali non funzionerebbero. Questi
prodotti possono essere o non essere
progettati per gestire le sollecitazioni di
ambienti esterni e umidi.
Quando i cavi Ethernet sono esposti
all’acqua, le loro prestazioni possono
essere influenzate in diversi modi.
Un ambiente con presenza di acqua
all’esterno del cavo causerà allo stesso
perdite maggiori rispetto a un ambiente
con presenza di aria.
La plastica della guaina può essere
sufficientemente
permeabile
per
consentire all’acqua di infiltrarsi; l’acqua
può pertanto penetrare nel nucleo del
cavo. Barriere come lamine metalliche
possono impedire all’acqua di propagarsi
al nucleo del cavo.
L’acqua può passare attraverso la guaina
nel nucleo del cavo propagandosi
attraverso il materiale della guaina o
passando attraverso fori causati da danni
durante l’installazione. Se l’acqua penetra
nel nucleo del cavo, può propagarsi ai
componenti elettronici all’estremità del
tratto del cavo o causare cortocircuiti
all’interno dello stesso. Uno solo di questi
effetti danneggerebbe il tratto del cavo.
Le linee di trasmissione delle coppie nel
cavo sono progettate per funzionare
con una guaina in un ambiente con aria.
Se la guaina del cavo assorbe l’acqua,
ciò provoca una variazione delle sue
proprietà elettriche (perdita, dielettrico).
Le prestazioni elettriche del cavo
diminuiscono quando queste proprietà si
modificano.
Anche se la guaina non assorbe l’acqua, un
ambiente con presenza di acqua (anziché
di aria) intorno al cavo può modificare le
prestazioni elettriche ad alta frequenza.
Tra i parametri delle prestazioni elettriche,
si pensava che la perdita di inserzione
e l’impedenza fossero i parametri
maggiormente influenzati dalla presenza
di acqua all’esterno del nucleo del
cavo. L’impedenza è caratterizzata da
componenti ambientali: (la capacitanza
tra la coppia di trasmissione e i materiali
circostanti ha un impatto sulla stessa).
La perdita di inserzione aumenta quando
i campi elettrici sono assorbiti da mezzi ad
alta perdita.
2
Configurazione del test
2.1 Cavi immersi in acqua
Campioni con varie strutture di cavi
fabbricati da diversi produttori sono stati
arrotolati e fissati per mantenere la loro
forma.
Questi campioni sono stati testati per
verificare i parametri di prestazione
elettrica utilizzando delle apparecchiature
di prova automatizzate. Questi test sono
stati trattati come base di riferimento per i
campioni per la parte restante della prova.
I campioni di cavi testati comprendevano
quanto segue. Tutti i cavi erano costituiti
da quattro coppie di cavi Ethernet
classificati nella categoria 5e.
Un campione di cavo classificato verticale
Ethernet non schermato dotato di guaina
in PVC è stato utilizzato per rappresentare
i prodotti di cavi per interni. Un campione
di cavo per applicazioni esterne con
guaina in polietilene resistente alla luce
solare e all’acqua e un nucleo riempito con
gel è stato utilizzato per rappresentare i
prodotti di cavi per applicazioni esterne.
Per rappresentare i prodotti Ethernet
industriali non schermati è stato utilizzato
un cavo verticale non schermato Ethernet
industriale classificato per applicazioni
esterne con guaina in PVC, progettato per
resistere all’olio e ad ambienti non difficili.
Per rappresentare i prodotti Ethernet
industriali schermati è stato utilizzato
un cavo Ethernet industriale con una
schermatura in lamina metallica ricoperta
da una calza (SF/UTP) classificato come
cavo verticale e per applicazioni esterne
e dotato di una guaina in TPE altamente
flessibile.
www.read-eurowire.com
2.2 Cavi in ambiente umido
I campioni di cavi a conduttori trefolati
e solidi sono stati testati a temperatura
ambiente (~20°C) a bassa umidità. I
campioni sono stati condizionati a 30°C
e al 90% di umidità relativa per una
settimana. I campioni sono stati riportati a
20°C e testati nuovamente.
Ulteriori campioni dello stesso materiale
sono stati dotati di terminazioni per
connettori per cavi Ethernet e connettori
per cavi industriali, a seconda dei casi.
Questi campioni sono stati testati a
temperatura ambiente (~20°C) a bassa
umidità. I campioni sono stati condizionati
a 30°C e al 90% di umidità relativa per una
settimana. Sono stati quindi riportati a
20°C e sottoposti nuovamente a prova.
3
Risultati
delle prove
3.1 Cavi immersi in acqua
I risultati delle prove per i campioni che
sono stati immersi in acqua sono stati
confrontati con i risultati di riferimento per
gli stessi cavi.
Le variazioni dei parametri delle
prestazioni
elettriche
sono
state
trascurabili, ad eccezione del parametro
relativo
alla
perdita
d’inserzione.
L’impedenza non ha evidenziato la
variazione prevista. Il parametro relativo
alla perdita d’inserzione ha indicato
variazioni di rilievo per la maggior parte
dei campioni sottoposti alla prova.
Sono state applicate le specifiche relative
alla perdita di inserzione della categoria 5e
e sono stati calcolati i margini minimi per
le perdite di inserzione dei prodotti. Questi
margini minimi sono stati rappresentati
graficamente e confrontati per ciascuno
dei prodotti allo scopo di determinare
in che misura l’immersione in acqua ha
www.read-eurowire.com
(%) Margine min di perdita d’inserzione
Immerso
Asciutto
Base di
riferimento
▲▲ Figura 1: Risultato della prova con cavo per
applicazioni interne
Immerso
Asciutto
▲▲ Figura 2: Risultato della prova con cavo per
applicazioni esterne
(%) Margine min di perdita d’inserzione
Quindi I campioni sono stati rimossi dai
recipienti d’acqua e completamente
asciugati. Mediante l’apparecchiatura di
prova automatizzata i campioni sono stati
nuovamente analizzati.
Base di
riferimento
(%) Margine min di perdita d’inserzione
Dopo i test di riferimento, i campioni
sono stati poi collocati in recipienti di
plastica pieni d’acqua. La parte avvolta del
campione è stata completamente immersa
nell’acqua. Le estremità dei campioni
sono state tenute fuori dal recipiente
alla distanza necessaria per collegarsi
all’apparecchiatura di prova, cioè circa due
metri a ciascuna estremità I campioni sono
stati testati utilizzando l’apparecchiatura
di prova automatizzata dopo essere stati
immersi per la prima volta in acqua e
di nuovo periodicamente per diverse
settimane.
(%) Margine min di perdita d’inserzione
Articolo tecnico
Base di
riferimento
Immerso
Base di
riferimento
Asciutto
Immerso
Asciutto
▲▲ Figura 3: Risultato della prova con cavo industriale
non schermato
▲▲ Figura 4: Risultato della prova con cavo industriale
schermato
influenzato le prestazioni del prodotto.
Per praticità, è stata calcolata la media
delle misurazioni effettuate ai campioni
immersi nell’acqua.
essere stato immerso in acqua. Dopo
essere stato asciugato, il campione non
era ancora conforme alle specifiche della
perdita di inserzione.
I singoli risultati rappresentati graficamente sono illustrati dalla Figura 1 alla
Figura 4. La Tabella 1 riporta i risultati
completi dei test per i cavi immersi in
acqua.
Il
campione
del
cavo
esterno
rappresentato nella Figura 2 ha perso il
margine di perdita di inserzione e non ha
soddisfatto la specifica dopo essere stato
immerso in acqua. Dopo aver asciugato il
campione, il risultato del test ha superato
nuovamente la specifica, ma non ha
raggiunto il valore di margine originale
rispetto alla specifica.
Nella Figura 1, è chiaramente visibile
l’impatto
dell’acqua
sul
prodotto
classificato per applicazioni interne. Il
campione è passato dal superamento
della conformità alla specifica con
margine fino al fallimento totale dopo
Nella Figura 3, si può osservare l’effetto
dell’immersione in acqua su un campione
▼▼ Tabella 1: Margine della perdita di inserzione (%) riferito a campioni immersi in acqua per diverse settimane
Campione
Base di
riferimento
Immerso
in acqua
1a
Settimana di
immersione
2a
Settimana di
immersione
3a
Settimana di
immersione
Asciutto
Cavo per
applicazioni
interne
2.3
-8.6
-9.3
-10.7
-11.4
-3.5
Cavo per
applicazioni
esterne
3.8
-2.1
-5.7
-7.6
-8.2
1.0
Cavo
industriale
non
schermato
4.4
1.6
1.3
0.7
0.9
3.9
Cavo
industriale
schermato
13.3
12.0
13.0
12.6
13.3
12.8
Gennaio 2020
117
Articolo tecnico
di cavo industriale non schermato.
Il campione ha perso in margine di
prestazione quando immerso in acqua,
ma rimane conforme alla specifica. Dopo
aver asciugato il campione, il margine
di prestazione si collocava all’interno
dell’intervallo consentito per l’errore di
misurazione rispetto alla misurazione di
riferimento.
La Figura 4 mostra l’impatto della prova in
acqua su un campione di cavo industriale
schermato. Il margine di perdita di
inserzione variava di meno del range
consentito per l’errore di misurazione
rispetto alla misurazione di riferimento per
l’intera prova.
Nella Tabella 1, si può osservare la
variazione nel tempo della perdita
di inserzione dei campioni immersi
nell’acqua. I cavi Ethernet industriali
presentavano un margine di inserzione
stabile nel tempo una volta immersi.
Gli altri due prodotti hanno mostrato
prestazioni che diminuivano man mano
che proseguiva l’immersione.
3.2 Cavi in ambiente umido
Campioni di cavi a conduttori trefolati
e solidi sono stati testati a temperatura
ambiente e bassa umidità, quindi
nuovamente a temperatura ambiente
dopo essere stati condizionati a
temperatura e umidità elevate per una
settimana.
Il campione del tipo a conduttore solido
non ha evidenziato alcuna variazione dei
parametri elettrici elevati. Il campione di
conduttori trefolati ha perso il 2,5% del
margine di perdita di inserzione rispetto
alle specifiche della Categoria 5e.
Lo stesso test di riferimento e di
condizionamento all’umidità è stato
eseguito su cavi a conduttori trefolati e
solidi con connettori (spine) collegati.
I risultati ottenuti dopo il condizionamento
non hanno evidenziato alcuna variazione
rispetto alle misurazioni di riferimento.
4
Analisi e conclusioni
Nessuno dei prodotti del presente studio
è destinato all’immersione a lungo
termine in acqua. Nelle installazioni reali
il cavo non viene immerso nell’acqua
per tutta la sua lunghezza e inoltre può
asciugarsi dopo essersi bagnato. Questa
configurazione di prova offre una visione
amplificata
dell’effetto
dell’ambiente
con presenza di acqua per tentare di
determinare le tendenze sulla base di
pochi campioni di prova.
118
Gennaio 2020
Dopo aver analizzato nuovamente le
strutture dei campioni di cavi testati,
le aspettative riviste corrispondono ai
risultati. Le caratteristiche di progettazione
utilizzate per le prestazioni a frequenza
più elevata, come lunghezze di passo a
torsione ravvicinata e guaine spesse dei
cavi, influenzano l’interazione del cavo
con l’ambiente circostante. I prodotti
schermati, che in genere offrono
un’elevata protezione contro gli effetti
elettrici
dell’ambiente,
presentano
un’elevata
resistenza
agli
effetti
dell’ambiente umido.
Questi prodotti schermati proteggono
il nucleo del cavo non solo mediante
l’isolamento
elettrico,
ma
anche
presentando una barriera che impedisce la
propagazione dell’acqua.
Il campione di cavi per applicazioni
esterne e quello per applicazioni interne,
che offriva prestazioni scadenti, avevano
lunghezze di passo di coppia elevate e
una guaina sottile. Queste caratteristiche
renderebbero il cavo più sensibile agli
effetti elettrici dell’ambiente. Anche i
prodotti a frequenza più elevata (come i
cavi per applicazioni esterne di Categoria
6 con lunghezze di passo strette) o cavi
con guaine più spesse (per ambienti più
difficili) resisterebbero agli effetti di un
ambiente umido.
Come evidenziato dal risultato della prova
effettuata sui cavi per applicazioni interne,
il materiale della guaina è altrettanto
importante: tale risultato ha mostrato
un peggioramento delle prestazioni
che non si sono ripristinate una volta
asciugato. Questo campione di cavo ha
probabilmente assorbito acqua nella sua
guaina. L’acqua ha influenzato le proprietà
del materiale anche dopo che il cavo è
stato asciugato.
Il prodotto industriale non schermato ha
subito un peggioramento delle prestazioni
quando è immerso, ma ha recuperato
tutto il margine di prestazione tranne lo
0,5% una volta asciugato. Questa perdita
di margine rientra nell’errore di misura
previsto nel test.
Confrontando questo prodotto con il cavo
per applicazioni interne, le lunghezze di
passo delle coppie appaiono leggermente
diverse e i componenti plastici divergono.
Le proprietà del materiale delle guaine
sono la ragione più probabile per cui
questo prodotto non si è deteriorato
dopo essere stato asciugato. Se la guaina
non ha assorbito acqua, il risultato atteso
corrisponde alla prestazioni del cavo
ottenute dopo essere stato asciugato.
I risultati della prova di umidità hanno
soddisfatto le aspettative. I prodotti con
conduttori trefolati come i cavi patch o i
cavi industriali flessibili possono assorbire
acqua se lasciati immersi in acqua.
I prodotti con terminazioni non subiranno
questa perdita di prestazioni in quanto
l’umidità non penetrerà nel conduttore.
Questo studio sui cavi ha mostrato alcuni
risultati che vale la pena approfondire.
Alcuni tipi di cavi hanno mostrato risultati
deludenti che sono peggiorati nel tempo
durante l’immersione dei campioni.
Esperimenti di immersione più lunghi
potrebbero consentire di analizzare fino
a che punto questo deterioramento può
progredire. Varrebbe anche la pena di
studiare i composti della guaina utilizzati
nei prodotti installati in ambienti bagnati
e umidi per determinare come questi
materiali interagiscono con l’acqua nel
tempo.
Studi futuri possono valutare la
permeabilità del materiale della guaina, la
ritenzione idrica, l’impatto della lunghezza
di passo della coppia, i fattori della
struttura quali la schermatura, i diversi
livelli di ambiente umido o bagnato e le
diverse durate.
Per le installazioni in ambienti in cui i
cavi sono esposti all’acqua, si possono
fare le raccomandazioni che seguono. Si
dovrebbe integrare un margine aggiuntivo
in caso di un’installazione, in cui sono
previsti cavi bagnati.
Ciò è realizzabile mediante la scelta
del cavo o mediante la stuttura
dell’installazione per quanto riguarda
la perdita di inserzione (di solito
controllando le lunghezze del tratto).
I prodotti schermati e quelli progettati per
resistere agli effetti elettrici dell’ambiente
saranno meno influenzati dall’esposizione
all’acqua. Si raccomanda di dotare di
terminazioni i cavi flessibili trefolati prima
di installarli in ambienti umidi o il più
presto possibile dopo l’installazione.
n
Per gentile concessione di IWCS Cable and
Connectivity Symposium, Rhode Island, Stati
Uniti, ottobre 2018.
Berk-Tek LLC
132 White Oak Road
New Holland
Pennsylvania 17557
Stati Uniti
Tel: +1 717 354 6200
Email: berktek.info@nexans.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Noticias de mercado
Nuevo aceite para estampado en frío
Los problemas con los hidrocarburos
aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) y el
α-benzopireno
(aBP)
han
estado
presentes en el sector metalúrgico desde
2015.
Algunos productos a base de petróleo,
tales como los lubricantes para
mecanizado, pueden liberar HAPs y aBP
en condiciones operativas duras.
Para mayor vigilancia, el Sistema
Nacional de Salud francés emitió
una recomendación, la R451, sobre
la «Prevención de riesgos químicos
causados por los fluidos de corte».
La recomendación hace uso de los datos
proporcionados por el instituto nacional
de investigación y seguridad (INRS,
por sus siglas en francés) sobre riesgos
y umbrales relacionados con el aBP
contenido en los aceites de corte enteros
en uso y nuevos.
Aunque el problema surge normalmente
cuando se utilizan aceites enteros para
mecanizado, no existen recomendaciones
para las operaciones de estampado en
frío.
Siguiendo sus normas de salud,
seguridad y medio ambiente, así como
sus principios de responsabilidad social
de las empresas, Condat decidió dar un
paso más considerando la cuestión y
anticipando la regulación.
El profundo conocimiento de la empresa
sobre cómo bajar los niveles de HAP y
aBP en los aceites de mecanizado en
uso permitió desarrollar los aceites Neat
Green, que no experimentan aumento
de aBP después de 1.500 horas de
mecanizado.
A principios de 2018, Condat pidió a su
laboratorio de I+D que buscara fórmulas
nuevas para los aceites de estampado
en frío que no tuvieran repercusiones
en términos de aBP. Además de su
compromiso con la responsabilidad social
de las empresas, la empresa también
quiere hacer frente a las preocupaciones
de los proveedores del sector automotriz
y ofrecer a los clientes productos lo más
seguros posible.
El
objetivo
era
desarrollar
en
colaboración con los principales grupos
automovilísticos un producto de alto
rendimiento para las operaciones de
conformado complejas.
Después de seis meses de investigación,
se creó Extrugliss HT 268 VP. En
colaboración
con
un
proveedor
automovilístico, el producto se probó
durante aproximadamente 12 meses en
operaciones de estampado en frío para
la fabricación de bujes y piñones para
asientos de automóviles, donde dieron
buenos resultados.
Extrugliss HT 268 VP, a la venta desde
junio de 2019, se sitúa como un
producto de calidad superior formulado
especialmente para operaciones extremas
en las que se genera un calor excesivo
(acero inoxidable, acero aleado con alto
límite elástico, etc.). Este aceite entero
para estampado en frío, desarrollado para
resolver los problemas de emisión de aBP,
está formulado a partir de aceites de base
▲▲ Aceite para estampado en frío Extrugliss HT 268 VP
de Condat
altamente refinados y de alta calidad, y
contiene menos compuestos residuos
que puedan degradarse a HAPs.
Es resistente a la oxidación, prolonga
la vida útil de los baños y facilita el
desengrase evitando la formación de
residuos pegajosos en las piezas. Es
menos volátil y limita la evaporación de
aceite y la producción de niebla de aceite,
mejorando así la calidad del aire de los
talleres.
El aceite para estampado en frío de doble
uso sirve para lubricar los componentes
mecánicos de las máquinas de estampado
en frío a la vez que lubrica durante las
operaciones de deformación, y tiene una
viscosidad de 68 cst.
Condat SA
www.condat.fr
Compuesto granulado de relleno para cables y bloqueador del agua
Electric Cable Compounds (ECC) es un proveedor global de compuestos elastoméricos y a base de poliolefinas reticulables y
termoplásticos. La empresa puede suministrar dos compuestos de relleno para cables, elastoméricos y retardantes de la llama, en
formato granulado, que son extruíbles, no contienen halógenos y son conformes con las normas RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous
Substances).
Por sus características, CableFill®200 y CableFill®300 ofrecen una serie de ventajas
a los fabricantes de cables. Mantienen la forma del cable, evitan la deformación y
esfuerzos de los componentes del cable, rellenan huecos, ofrecen mayor poder
retardante de la llama para la estructura en general y limitan la entrada de agua.
Aunque aíslan los componentes del cable entre ellos, no limitan la flexibilidad
general del cable. Se pueden colorear, son fáciles de pelar y de procesar a bajas
temperaturas. Entre las aplicaciones típicas se pueden citar cables para marina,
minería y transporte público de baja toxicidad.
CableFill300, que es el que mayor poder retardante de la llama tiene de los dos,
tiene un LOI de 48; CableFill200 tiene un LOI de 36. Ambos compuestos están
diseñados para procesarse en equipos de extrusión convencionales.
▲▲ CableFill mantiene la forma del cable a la vez que
rellena los huecos
www.read-eurowire.com
Electric Cable Compounds, Inc
www.electriccablecompounds.com
Enera de 2020
119
Noticias de mercado
Metalube nombra nuevos gerentes de
desarrollo comercial
El fabricante de lubricantes Metalube ha nombrado gerentes
de desarrollo comercial a Songul Facey y Adrian Day.
La señora Facey lleva casi 20 años trabajando en el sector
de los lubricantes y llega a la compañía desde su ciudad
Estambul, en Turquía. Su experiencia más reciente ha tenido
lugar en los sectores del estirado de alambre, paneles de
madera y automovilismo, pero anteriormente trabajó en
los sectores del acero e hierro, piezas de recambio para
automóviles y piezas de sujeción.
Refiriéndose a su nuevo cargo, la señora Facey dijo, «Estoy
entusiasmada de entrar a formar parte de Metalube. Acabo
de terminar un máster en administración de empresas, y
la envergadura de la empresa, su reputación de empresa
de lubricantes de rápido crecimiento y excepcionalmente
innovadora, unido a mi deseo de ocupar un cargo más
internacional, era perfecto para mí. Además, tengo el título
de ingeniero y disfruto reconociendo problemas, buscando
soluciones y mejorando la eficiencia.»
El director comercial Douglas Hunt añadió, «Songul será muy
valiosa para el equipo. Es una jugadora en equipo desenvuelta
con excelentes capacidades de liderazgo y comunicación.
Todo esto combinado con su experiencia en el campo de la
ingeniería la convierten en una fórmula de éxito. Estamos
encantados de que su traslado al Reino Unido ya se esté
revelando todo un éxito.»
El segundo nuevo nombramiento, el Sr. Day, tiene amplia
experiencia, con más de veinte años trabajando en el sector
de los lubricantes, incluyendo los últimos ocho en los que se
ha dedicado a los lubricantes para aplicaciones especiales
utilizados en el estirado de alambre, cables de acero y tubos
no ferrosos.
El Sr. Hunt comentó, «Nos complace tener a Adrian con
nosotros. Tiene una gran experiencia y su simpatía y
positividad encajarán muy bien con nuestra filosofía
▲
Adrian Day
▲
Songul Facey
empresarial. Adrian estará encargado del nuevo desarrollo
comercial y de las ventas, y trabajará en estrecha colaboración
con clientes existentes, concretamente en África, Australasia,
China, La India y el sureste asiático.»
El Sr. Day añadió, «Empecé mi carrera en el sector de los
lubricantes en 1995 en Texaco Lubricants, que luego se
convertiría en Chevron UK.
Desde que tengo uso de razón, siempre he sentido interés y
fascinación por todas las cosas mecánicas y me preguntaba
cómo funcionaban y para qué servían. Lo único que tienen en
común todas ellas son los lubricantes. Desde una Ferrari hasta
una fragata Royan Navy o a una trefiladora de alambre, una
lubricación eficaz y correcta es fundamental.»
Metalube Ltd
www.metalube.co.uk
Clima de inversión estable en wire South America
Del 1 al 3 de octubre de 2019, el centro
de congresos y exposiciones de São
Paulo, en Brasil, fue lugar de encuentro de
expertos nacionales e internacionales de
los sectores del alambre, cable y tuberías.
186 expositores se dieron cita en las
ferias comerciales wire South America
y Tubotech para presentar maquinaria,
equipos
y
servicios
innovadores
en una superficie de exposición de
aproximadamente 5.000m2.
El nuevo pabellón 1 de la feria, más
cómodo y accesible gracias a su posición
central, fue ocupado por primera vez.
Se presentaron novedades tecnológicas
en los campos de la metalurgia y
mecanizado de metales, de la tecnología
de soldadura y del sector del cable
y alambre, junto a las tendencias y
120
Enera de 2020
tecnologías de producción, acabado,
procesado, accesorios y comercio de
tubos.
Las empresas nacionales e internacionales
parecen tener gran interés por
posicionarse en el mercado suramericano
e invertir en la correspondiente
maquinaria y equipamiento, a pesar de
las difíciles condiciones económicas de
Suramérica. wire South America 2019
contó con la presencia de 106 empresas
de 15 países distintos, en tanto que
Tubotech, la feria comercial del tubo
organizada en paralelo, atraía a 80
expositores de 11 países.
Por tercera vez se dejaba ver una
participación alemana conjunta en los
sectores del alambre y del cable. Diez
empresas aprovecharon esta oportunidad
para demostrar su competencia técnica
en Brasil. En los tres días que duró la
feria, alrededor de 13.000 visitantes
acudieron a São Paulo. De estos, el 95%
procedía de Brasil y el resto de países
vecinos como Chile, Colombia, Argentina,
Bolivia, Paraguay, México, Perú y Uruguay,
además de La India, Canadá y China.
Los productos expuestos en las dos
ferias son artículos indispensables,
especialmente en los sectores de las
infraestructuras, de la tecnología de la
energía y de la tecnología automotriz,
además de la agricultura. Los visitantes
procedían del sector del petróleo y gas, y
de los sectores automotriz, construcción,
construcción metálica y minería.
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH
www.wire-south-america.com
www.read-eurowire.com
Artículo técnico
Cables en ambientes
mojados
Por Brian Marchant, Berk-Tek LLC, New Holland, Pensilvania, EE.UU.
Resumen
Los ambientes industriales y las plantas
externas pueden ser lugares mojados o
húmedos. Los productos de la categoría
de cables de comunicación que se
instalan en estos ambientes deben
poder funcionar sin problemas una vez
instalados. Las pruebas típicas que se usan
para evaluar estos productos determinan
si el agua entra en los conectores o
se propaga hasta el núcleo del cable.
A diferencia de estas pruebas típicas,
este estudio se centra en pruebas que
comprueban el rendimiento eléctrico de
cables sumergidos en agua. Esto ayudará
a entender el efecto total de los lugares
mojados o húmedos en el cableado
estructurado.
tolerar lugares mojados. Los núcleos
de los cables no disponen de bloqueo
del agua y los materiales de la cubierta
son seleccionados por sus propiedades
eléctricas y de seguridad frente al fuego.
Los productos Ethernet industriales son
una extensa categoría de cables que están
diseñados para ambientes que causarían la
avería de cables normales. Estos productos
pueden estar diseñados o no para
soportar las condiciones a las que están
expuestos en lugares externos mojados.
Las prestaciones a alta frecuencia de un
cable sin blindaje pueden verse afectadas
cuando el ambiente donde se encuentra
el cable es el agua en lugar del aire. Este
efecto es mitigado por el diseño de la
cubierta y el blindaje.
Cuando los cables Ethernet están
expuestos al agua, su rendimiento puede
verse afectado de varias maneras. Un
cable en un ambiente de agua sufrirá
pérdidas mayores que en un ambiente de
aire. El plástico de la cubierta puede ser
suficientemente permeable para permitir
la propagación del agua, que puede llegar
al núcleo del cable. El uso de barreras,
como láminas de metal, puede evitar que
el agua se propague hasta el núcleo del
cable.
En ambientes húmedos los conductores
trenzados pueden absorber humedad,
lo que podría causar averías. Algunos
conectores para ambientes industriales
están diseñados para evitar este problema.
El estudio del efecto del agua y de la
humedad en el cable permite formular
recomendaciones para la instalación de
cables Ethernet de par trenzado en lugares
mojados.
El agua puede atravesar la cubierta y
llegar al núcleo del cable pasando a través
del material de la cubierta o pasando a
través de agujeros causados por daños de
instalación. Si el agua entra en el núcleo
del cable, puede propagarse y llegar a las
partes electrónicas al final del tramo de
cable o causar cortocircuitos en el cable.
Ambas situaciones estropearían el tramo
de cable.
1 Introducción
El agua puede absorber las señales
eléctricas. Los cables Ethernet diseñados
teniendo en cuenta la exposición al
agua están construidos con materiales
diferentes de los cables clasificados para
interiores. Se pueden tener productos
conformes con las normas ANSI/ICEA que
presentan características de resistencia a la
penetración del agua y a los rayos del sol
en lugar de características de seguridad
frente al fuego y al humo.
Los productos Ethernet para interiores
normalmente no están diseñados para
www.read-eurowire.com
La impedancia tiene componentes
ambientales (la capacitancia entre el par
de transmisión y los materiales que lo
rodean influyen sobre ella). La pérdida de
inserción aumenta cuando los campos
eléctricos son absorbidos por un medio de
altas pérdidas.
2 Configuración de
la prueba
2.1 Cables sumergidos en agua
Se enrollaron y sujetaron muestras de
cables de diversos fabricantes de distintos
diseños para que pudieran mantener su
forma. Se probaron estas muestras para
medir los parámetros de rendimiento
eléctrico usando equipos de prueba
automatizados. Estas pruebas se usaron
como base de referencia para el resto de
las pruebas.
Las líneas de transmisión de los pares
del cable están diseñadas para funcionar
con la cubierta en un ambiente de aire.
Si la cubierta del cable absorbe agua,
esto cambiará sus propiedades eléctricas
(pérdidas, dieléctrico). El rendimiento
eléctrico del cable disminuirá al cambiar
estas propiedades. Incluso si la cubierta
no absorbe el agua, un ambiente con
presencia de agua (en lugar de aire)
alrededor del cable puede cambiar las
prestaciones eléctricas a alta frecuencia.
Las muestras de cable probadas eran del
tipo indicado a continuación. Todos los
cables eran cables Ethernet de cuatro
pares de Categoría 5e. Se utilizó una
muestra de cable Ethernet de distribución
vertical (riser) no blindado con cubierta
de PVC para representar los productos de
cables de interiores. Se utilizó una muestra
de cable de planta externa con cubierta
de polietileno resistente a los rayos del
sol y al agua con un núcleo relleno de
gel para representar los productos de
cables para exteriores. Se utilizó un cable
Ethernet industrial de distribución vertical
no blindado clasificado para exteriores
con cubierta de PVC, diseñado para resistir
a los aceites y funcionar en ambientes
de trabajo ligero para representar los
productos Ethernet industriales no
blindados. Se utilizó un cable Ethernet
industrial con blindaje de lámina de metal
y malla (SF/UTP), clasificado como cable
de distribución vertical para exteriores
con una cubierta de TPE muy flexible,
para representar los productos Ethernet
industriales blindados.
De los parámetros de rendimiento
eléctrico, se pensaba que los más
afectados por la presencia de agua fuera
del núcleo del cable serían la pérdida de
inserción y la impedancia.
Después de las pruebas de referencia,
se sumergieron las muestras en barriles
llenos de agua. La parte enrollada de la
muestra fue sumergida completamente en
agua.
Enera de 2020
121
2.2 Cables en ambiente húmedo
Se probaron muestras de cable de
conductor trenzado y sólido a temperatura
ambiente (~20°C) con baja humedad.
Luego, se acondicionaron a 30°C y 90 por
ciento de humedad relativa durante una
semana. Después, se llevaron a 20°C y se
probaron de nuevo. Otras muestras del
mismo material estaban terminadas en
conectores para cable Ethernet e industrial
apropiados para los cables. Se probaron
estas muestras a temperatura ambiente
(~20°C) con baja humedad. Luego se
acondicionaron a 30°C y 90 por ciento de
humedad relativa durante una semana.
Después, se llevaron a 20°C y se probaron
de nuevo.
3 Resultados de
las pruebas
3.1 Cables sumergidos en agua
Los resultados de las pruebas de las
muestras que se habían sumergido
en agua fueron comparados con los
resultados de referencia para los mismos
cables. Las variaciones de los parámetros
de rendimiento eléctrico fueron mínimos,
a excepción del parámetro de pérdida
de inserción. La impedancia no sufrió la
variación prevista. El parámetro de pérdida
de inserción sufrió grandes variaciones en
la mayoría de las muestras probadas.
Se aplicó la especificación para la pérdida
de inserción de la Categoría 5e y se
calcularon los márgenes mínimos para las
pérdidas de inserción de los productos.
Estos márgenes mínimos se representaron
gráficamente y se compararon para cada
uno de los productos para determinar
en qué medida la inmersión en agua
había influenciado el rendimiento de los
productos. Para simplificar, se calculó la
media de las mediciones de las muestras
sumergidas.
Las Figuras de 1 a 4 muestran los
resultados
individuales
presentados
gráficamente. La Tabla 1 presenta los
resultados completos de las pruebas de los
cables sumergidos en agua.
122
Enera de 2020
Sumergido
Margen mínimo de pérdida de inserción (%)
Base de
referencia
Seco
▲▲ Figura 1: Resultado de la prueba del cable de
interiores
Base de
referencia
Sumergido
Seco
Base de
referencia
Sumergido
Seco
▲▲ Figura 2: Resultado de la prueba del cable de planta
externa
Margen mínimo de pérdida de inserción (%)
Luego, se sacaron de los barriles de agua
y se secaron completamente. Después, se
probaron de nuevo usando el equipo de
prueba automatizado.
Margen mínimo de pérdida de inserción (%)
Los extremos de las muestras se
mantuvieron fuera del barril una
distancia suficiente para conectarlas al
equipo de prueba. Esta distancia era
aproximadamente dos metros en cada
extremo. Se probaron las muestras con el
equipo de prueba automatizado durante
la primera inmersión en agua y de nuevo
periódicamente durante varias semanas.
Margen mínimo de pérdida de inserción (%)
Artículo técnico
Base de
referencia
Sumergido
Seco
▲▲ Figura 3: Resultado de la prueba del cable industrial
no blindado
▲▲ Figura 4: Resultado de la prueba del cable industrial
blindado
En la Figura 1 se puede ver claramente
el impacto del agua en el producto
clasificado para interiores. La muestra pasó
de ser conforme con la especificación con
margen a no ser absolutamente conforme
después de la inmersión en agua.
Después de secar la muestra, seguía sin
ser conforme con la especificación para la
pérdida de inserción.
La muestra perdió el margen de
rendimiento cuando estaba sumergida
en agua, pero permaneció conforme con
la especificación. Después de secar la
muestra, el margen de rendimiento estaba
dentro del campo permitido para el error
de medición respecto a la medición de
referencia.
La muestra de cable de planta externa
representada en la Figura 2 perdió su
margen de pérdida de inserción y se reveló
no conforme a la especificación después
de la inmersión en agua. Después de secar
la muestra, el resultado de la prueba volvió
a ser conforme con la especificación, pero
el margen no alcanzó el valor de antes.
La Figura 3 muestra el efecto de la
inmersión en agua de una muestra de
cable industrial sin blindaje.
La Figura 4 muestra el impacto de la
prueba en agua en una muestra de cable
industrial blindado. El margen de pérdida
de inserción varió menos que el campo
permitido para el error de medición
respecto a la medición de referencia
durante toda la prueba.
En la Tabla 1 se puede ver la variación en
el tiempo de la pérdida de inserción de las
muestras sumergidas en agua. Los cables
Ethernet industriales tenían un margen
de perdida de inserción estable en el
▼▼ Tabla 1: Margen de pérdida de inserción (%) de muestras sumergidas en agua durante semanas
Muestra
Base de
referencia
Sumergido
en agua
1ª Semana
de
inmersión
2ª semana
de
inmersión
3ª semana
de
inmersión
Seco
Cable de
interiores
2.3
-8.6
-9.3
-10.7
-11.4
-3.5
Cable de planta
externa
3.8
-2.1
-5.7
-7.6
-8.2
1.0
Cable industrial
no blindado
4.4
1.6
1.3
0.7
0.9
3.9
Cable industrial
blindado
13.3
12.0
13.0
12.6
13.3
12.8
www.read-eurowire.com
Artículo técnico
tiempo durante la inmersión. Los otros
dos productos mostraron rendimientos
decrecientes a medida que se alargaba el
tiempo de inmersión.
3.2 Cables en ambiente húmedo
Se probaron muestras de cables de
conductor trenzado y sólido a temperatura
ambiente con baja humedad y, luego, de
nuevo a temperatura ambiente después
del acondicionamiento a temperatura y
humedad elevadas durante una semana.
La muestra de conductor sólido no sufrió
variaciones de los parámetros eléctricos
elevados. La muestra de conductor
trenzado perdió un 2,5 por ciento del
margen de pérdida de inserción respecto a
la especificación de la Categoría 5e.
Las mismas pruebas de referencia y
de acondicionamiento a la humedad
fueron efectuadas en cables de
conductor trenzado y sólido equipados
con conectores. Los resultados después
del acondicionamiento no mostraron
variaciones de las mediciones de
referencia.
4 Análisis y
conclusiones
Ninguno de los productos examinados
en este estudio está diseñado para la
inmersión en agua a largo plazo. En las
instalaciones reales, el tramo de cable no
queda sumergido en agua completamente
y puede secarse después de haberse
mojado. Esta configuración de prueba
aumenta el efecto del agua del medio
ambiente para ver si es posible determinar
las tendencias con poca disponibilidad de
muestras.
Después de volver a examinar los diseños
de las muestras de cable probadas,
los resultados esperados revisados
corresponden con los resultados. Las
características de diseño que se usan para
las prestaciones a frecuencias más altas,
como longitudes de paso del trenzado
estrechas y cubiertas de cable espesas,
influencian la interacción del cable con el
ambiente.
y una cubierta de cable fina. Estas
características dan al cable mayor
sensibilidad a los efectos eléctricos
del ambiente. Los productos (como el
cable de planta externa de Categoría 6
con longitudes de paso estrechas) o los
cables con cubiertas más espesas (para
ambientes duros) resistirán también a los
efectos de un ambiente mojado.
El material de la cubierta también es
importante, como se pudo ver en el
resultado de la prueba del cable de
interiores, que perdió sus características
y no las recobró después de secarse. Con
toda probabilidad la cubierta de esta
muestra de cable absorbió agua. El agua
afectó a las propiedades del material
incluso después de secarlo.
El producto industrial sin blindaje sufrió
una bajada de su rendimiento durante la
inmersión, pero recobró todo su margen
de rendimiento menos un 0,5 por ciento
cuando se secó. Esta pérdida de margen
está dentro del error de medición previsto
para la prueba.
Comparando este producto con el cable
de interiores, las longitudes de paso
del par son ligeramente diferentes y los
compuestos de plástico son distintos. Las
propiedades del material de la cubierta
es probablemente la razón por la que
este producto no se degradó después
de secarlo. Si la cubierta no absorbió el
agua, el resultado previsto es que el cable
recuperase sus prestaciones al secarse.
Para la instalación en ambientes donde los
cables estén expuestos al agua, se pueden
hacer las recomendaciones siguientes. Se
debería prever un margen extra en caso de
instalaciones donde se prevé que el cable
esté expuesto a humedad.
Esto se puede hacer mediante la selección
del cable o el diseño de instalación por
lo que se refiere a la pérdida de inserción
(normalmente controlando las longitudes
de instalación).
Los productos blindados y los productos
diseñados para resistir a los efectos
eléctricos del ambiente serán menos
afectados por la exposición al agua.
Se recomienda terminar en conectores
u otros elementos los cables trenzados
flexibles antes de instalarlos en ambientes
húmedos o lo antes posible después de la
instalación.
n
Por cortesía del Simposio sobre cable y
conectividad de IWCS, Rhode Island, EE.UU.,
octubre de 2018.
Los resultados de la prueba a la humedad
corresponden a los resultados previstos.
Los productos de conductor trenzado,
como un cable de conexión o un cable
industrial flexible, pueden absorber agua
si se dejan expuestos. Los productos
terminados en conectores u otros
elementos no sufrirán esta pérdida de
rendimiento, dado que la humedad no
entrará en el conductor.
Este estudio de cables dio algunos
resultados que merecen ser estudiados
más a fondo. Algunos de los tipos de cable
dieron resultados que empeoraban con
el tiempo mientras las muestras estaban
sumergidas en agua.
Los
productos
blindados,
que
normalmente tienen alta protección
contra los efectos eléctricos del ambiente,
muestran alta resistencia al ambiente
mojado. Estos productos blindados
protegen el núcleo del cable no solo con
el aislamiento eléctrico, sino también
mediante una barrera impenetrable para
el agua.
Con experimentos de inmersión más
largos se podría investigar hasta dónde
puede llegar este proceso de degradación.
Merecería la pena estudiar también los
compuestos de la cubierta usados en
productos utilizados en lugares mojados
y húmedos para determinar cómo
interactúan estos materiales con el agua
con el paso del tiempo.
La muestra de cable de planta externa
y la muestra de cable de interiores que
tenían escasas prestaciones tenían
longitudes de paso del par muy largas
Con estudios futuros se puede evaluar la
permeabilidad del material de la cubierta,
la retención de agua, el impacto de la
longitud de paso del par, los factores
www.read-eurowire.com
estructurales como el blindaje, diferentes
niveles de ambientes mojados o húmedos
y duraciones diferentes.
Berk-Tek LLC
132 White Oak Road
New Holland
Pensilvania 17557
EE.UU.
Tel: +1 717 354 6200
Email: berktek.info@nexans.com
Enera de 2020
123
Editorial index
Aichelin Group.....................................................................EF14/80
AIM Inc................................................................................................49
Ajex & Turner Wire Technologies.......................................25, 41
Alloy Wire International................................................................19
Aluform USA............................................................................ EF4/70
Automazioni Industriali Capitanio Srl......................................27
Beta LaserMike – an NDC Technologies
brand..............................................................................................51
Bufab Group............................................................................ EF4/70
Bulten AB................................................................................EF14/80
BWE Ltd................................................................................................. 9
Cimteq Ltd.........................................................................................26
Colt International................................................................EF11/77
Condat SA........................................ 42, 99, 104, 109, 114, 119
Cooper & Turner..................................................................... EF5/71
Credence Research............................................................... EF3/69
Davis-Standard LLC.........................................................................54
Decalub...............................................................................................51
EDS HV Group...................................................................................51
EFC International............................................... EF9/75, EF11/77
Electric Cable
Compounds Inc.................15, 41, 99, 104, 109, 114, 119
Ellis............................................................................................EF10/76
EMKA........................................................................................EF10/76
Exair Corporation............................................................................57
Frazer-Nash Manufacturing............................................... EF2/68
Harting Stiftung & Co KG..............................................................20
Huber+Suhner Group....................................................................61
Index Fixing Systems........................................................... EF9/75
Institute of Spring Technology.......................................EF15/81
Italian Wire Machinery Manufacturers Association............17
IWCS Inc..............................................................................................14
Jubilee Clips............................................................................ EF8/74
KTM Group.............................................................................EF13/79
Lee Spring................................................................................ EF9/75
The Lubrizol Corporation.............................................................45
Messe Düsseldorf GmbH..........15, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120
Metalube Ltd.........................22, 47, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120
Mixer SpA...........................................................................................57
Nippon Steel & Sumikin Cold
Heading Wire Indiana Inc............................................. EF3/69
Paragon Fasteners................................................................. EF5/71
Paramount Die.................................................................................58
Proton Products Europe NV.........................................................16
Rapierstar................................................................................. EF7/73
Rawlplug................................................................................... EF8/74
Repsol..................................................................................................16
Rosendahl Nextrom GmbH.................................................28, 60
Samp SpA...........................................................................................63
Sarmakina Sanayi ve Ticaret AS.................................................64
Schuler AG.........................................................................................38
Sikora AG....................................................................................10, 52
Teknor Apex Company..................................................................12
Upcast Oy...........................................................................................63
Wafios......................................................................................EF14/80
William Hughes....................................................................EF16/82
Wire Association International Inc............................................17
WTI............................................................................................EF15/81
* Front cover courtesy of
Maschinenfabrik Niehoff
GmbH & Co KG, showing a
range of their machinery.
For more details:
Tel: +49 9122 977 0
Fax: +49 9122 977 155
Email: service@niehoff.de
Website: www.niehoff.de
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for errors, omissions or the accuracy and
claims printed or inferred in the editorial
or advertisements published in this, previous
or subsequent editions or for any damages,
costs or losses caused thereby.
AESSE Investments Ltd..................................................................26
Ajex & Turner Wire Technologies...............................................63
AMI Cables Conference 2020......................................................46
Anbao Qinhuangdao International Corporation.................14
AWCMA/VOEDKM............................................................................. 3
Beneke Wire Company....1, Fasteners ASIA front cover/65
Blachford Corporation...................................................................35
BWE Ltd...............................................................................................33
Candor Sweden AB.........................................................................52
Cersa-MCI...........................................................................................27
Cimteq Ltd.........................................................................................43
Clinton Instrument Company.....................................................31
Cometo Srl.........................................................................................16
Conoptica AS....................................................................................20
Decalub...............................................................................................19
Eder Engineering GmbH...............................................................29
Electric Cable Compounds Inc...................................................17
Enkotec A/S.............. Fasteners ASIA inside front cover/66
Esteves Group...................................................................................37
Fainplast srl........................................................................................18
FIB Belgium SA................................................................................... 2
Gimax Group Srl...............................................................................24
Golden Spot Industry Inc.............................................................14
Guangzhou Julang Exhibition Design Co Ltd.......................56
Heda Industrial Co Ltd...................................................................58
Hexpol TPE Ltd.................................................................................60
Indore Composite Pvt. Ltd...........................................................22
Innovites BV......................................................................................43
Inosym Ltd.................................................................................15, 51
Korea Trade Fairs Ltd – Korea Metal Week 2020..................40
Kurre Spezialmaschinenbau GmbH.........................................34
Lämneå Bruk AB..............................................................................23
Madem SA ........................................................................................47
Medek & Schörner GmbH............................................................49
124
January 2020
Messe Düsseldorf – wire Düsseldorf 2020.............................54
Metalube Ltd.....................................................................................12
Metalwire BV.....................................................................................63
Mikrotek Machines Ltd..................................Inside back cover
Mixer SpA...........................................................................................32
Nano Diamond America Inc........................................................39
NDC Technologies (Beta LaserMike).........................................45
Neureuter Fair Media (wire 2020 Catalogue)................59, 61
Maschinenfabrik Niehoff GmbH & Co KG............Front cover
Padanaplast Srl.................................................................................55
Paramount Die Co............................................................................. 5
Pressure Welding Machines Ltd.................................................41
Promostar Srl....................................................................................28
PWT Ltd.............................................................................Back cover
QED Wires Lines Inc........................................................................89
Rosendahl Nextrom GmbH.........................................................21
Sarmakina Sanayi ve Ticaret AS.................................................53
Shanghai Nanyang Equipment Co Ltd....................................10
Shanghai Singcheer Technology Co Ltd.................................64
Sjogren Industries Inc....................................................................42
Supermac Industries India Ltd...................................................11
Tien Chen Diamond Industry Co Ltd.......................................58
Traxit International GmbH...........................................................87
Joachim Uhing GmbH & Co KG..................................................57
Ullrich Machinery Company Ltd................................................91
Ultimate Automation Ltd.............................................................93
Upcast Oy...........................................................................................13
Videx Machine
Engineering Ltd................Fasteners ASIA back cover/84
Weilly Diamond Industrial Co Ltd.............................................42
The Wire Association International Inc....................................50
Wire & Plastic Machinery Corporation.....................................25
Yangzhou Havet Machinery Co Ltd..........................................19
Zumbach Electronic AG............................... Inside front cover
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