UNIT 5: GENETIC BASIS OF LIFE REVIEW
Part 1: DNA Structure
2. A nucleotide is made of three parts: a _________________________ group, a five carbon
_________________________, and a _________________________ base.
3. In a single strand of DNA, the phosphate of one nucleotide binds to the
_________________________ of the next.
5. There are four different variations of these monomers (four different bases), what are the
names of those bases?
a.
b.
c.
d.
6. These bases are of two different types of molecules: purines and pyrimidines.
Purines have _______________________ ring(s) in their structure, and pyrimidines have
_______________________ ring(s) in their structure.
UNIT 5: GENETIC BASIS OF LIFE REVIEW
7. The two bases that are purines are:
a. _______________________________
b. _______________________________
8. The three bases that are pyrimidines are:
a. ______________________
b. ____________________
c. ____________________
9. In the image below, color the purines blue and the pyrimidines orange
10. In a strand of DNA, if the percentage of thymine is 30%, what would the percentage of
cytosine in the same DNA strand be? _________________________.
11. What types of bonds connect the bases to each other?
12. Write the complementary sequence to the following DNA strand
Strand 1
A
G
C
T
T
A
Strand 2
Part 2: DNA Replication
13. Number the steps of DNA replication in the correct order (1, 2, 3):
_____ Daughter strands are formed using complementary base pairing.
_____ DNA unwinds
_____ The DNA of the daughter strand rebonds with its parent strand.
_____ RNA primer is added to 5’ end
14. Why is DNA replication called “semi-conservative”?
G
C
C
UNIT 5: GENETIC BASIS OF LIFE REVIEW
15. What enzymes are involved in the following steps of DNA replication?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Adds RNA primers to growing end of DNA_________________________________
Unwinds and unzips the parent strand _____________________________________
Removes RNA primers from growing end of DNA ___________________________
Adds new nitrogenous bases to growing end of DNA _______________________
Zips the new DNA together ______________________________________________
17. Complete the diagram below that models DNA replication. Then label the diagram
with the components and activities of DNA replication.
UNIT 5: GENETIC BASIS OF LIFE REVIEW
Part 3: RNA and Protein Synthesis
18. Make some comparisons between the nucleic acids DNA and RNA:
DNA
5- carbon sugar used
Adenine base pairs with
# of strands
Cytosine base pairs with
# of types of molecule
Found where in the cell?
19. Describe the role of the following types of RNA:
mRNA:
tRNA:
rRNA:
20. Define the difference between transcription and translation below:
21. Complete the following protein synthesis below
RNA
UNIT 5: GENETIC BASIS OF LIFE REVIEW
22. Identify the components of protein synthesis and the activities that happen.
Part 4: Rapid Fire!
1. Why is the nucleus called the "control center" of the
cell?
2. What is a gene?
3. Where in the cell are chromosomes located?
4. DNA can be found in what organelles?
5. What two scientists established the structure of DNA?
6. Replication is called “semi-conservative” because half of
the original strand is
7. What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
8. What three parts make up a single nucleotide:
9. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the
DNA ladder?
10. What sugar is found in DNA? In RNA?
UNIT 5: GENETIC BASIS OF LIFE REVIEW
11. How do the bases bond together?
A bonds with _____ G bonds with _______
12. Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger?
13. Proteins are made where in the cell?
14. How is RNA different from DNA? (list 3 things)
15. The process of copying DNA is called
16. What is the shape of DNA?
17. Proteins are made from what subunits?
18. Three bases found on mRNA are called a
Part 5: Concept Maps Use the terms to create concept maps of the three processes
discussed in this unit. How do the relate to each other? How do these processes relate
to our major themes of Biology: Structure and Function, Homeostasis, Evolution and
Systems?
DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation
Antiparallel
Base pairing
Deoxyribose
Exonuclease
Enzymes
Helicase
Lagging strand
Leading strand
Ligase
Phosphate
Polymerase
Primase
Nitrogen bases
Nucleotide
Semiconservative
DNA
Nucleus
mRNA
Uracil
Gene
Base pairing
Anticodon
Amino Acid
Codon
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
mRNA
Polypeptide Chain
tRNA
Ribosome
rRNA
Vesicle
UNIT 5: GENETIC BASIS OF LIFE REVIEW