DNA
"The Blueprint of Life"
DNA stands for...
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
DNA FACTS
• established by
James Watson
and Francis Crick
• Shape of a double
helix
• codes for your genes (traits)
• made of repeating subunits called
nucleotides
What is a nucleotide?
Has three parts:
PHOSPHATE
DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar)
BASE (A,T,G,C)
Base-Pair Rule
Adenine <==> Thymine
Guanine <==> Cytosine
The sides of the DNA
ladder are phosphate
& sugar
held together
by hydrogen bonds
Base Pair Rule
One side:
Other side:
A T A
T C A
T G C
G G G
How the Code Works
The combination of A,T,G,C determines what
traits you might have, for ex.
C A T C A T = purple hair
T A C T A C = yellow hair
Think of the bases of DNA like letters.
Letters form words....
Words form sentences....
*endless
combinations
Let's Review What We Know About DNA
1. DNA stands for: De _____ ribo ______ acid
2. What is the shape of DNA? _______________
3. Who established the structure of DNA? ____________
4. Adenine always pairs with _______________
5. The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____
6. Guanine always pairs with _____________
7. What is the complimentary sequence: A A T G C A
8. The two sides of DNA are held together by _______
bonds.
9. DNA is composed of repeating subunits called
______________________
10. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA
ladder? _______________________________________
DNA REPLICATION
the process by which DNA makes a copy of
itself (cell division)
SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved
RNA - the messenger
*single strand
*ribose sugar
*contains no thymine, uracil instead
*can leave the nucleus
*follows base pair rule
DNA: A T A G C G
RNA:
RNA carries the
"message" to the
ribosomes, where
proteins are made
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
Proteins are the building
blocks of the organism (traits)
Transcription - process where RNA is
made from DNA, occurs in the nucleus
of the cell
Translation - process where proteins
are made from RNA, occurs in the
cytoplasm
• How you look is largely determined by the
proteins (building blocks) that are made.
• DNA controls the production of proteins within
the cell.
• The proteins that are made is determined vy
sequence of DNA.
• A GENE is a segment of DNA that codes for a
particular protein
Problems
• Racial Abuse
• Conflict among countries
• Traditional rivalry (in sports)
Links
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyaEQEmt5ls&list=PLyon3Rc2gtzciFrBfPLcHRS_hfHY9peQ&ab_channel=momondo-Let%27sOpenOurWorld
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mqWYuKvbXY&list=PLyon3Rc2gtzciFrBfPLcHRS_hfHY9peQ&index=2&ab_channel=momondoLet%27sOpenOurWorld
DNA Journey-Objectives
• To let people know, we have more things uniting
us than dividing us.
• To have more open and tolerant world around us
How it is conducted
• Used casting agencies to help us find participants
Casting agencies filmed 67 people talking about themselves
and where they come from for 10 minutes each.
• Data was presented with their ethnicity and family
history only.
• They were asked to take a saliva DNA test.
• Based on these results, together with the participants’
personal stories, 16 were selected for the shoot