Name_____________________________________________________________________________ Period________
Transcription and Translation Practice
DNA vs. RNA
In the spaces provided, write “D” if the statement is true of DNA. Write “R” if the statement is true of RNA. Write “B”
is the statement is true of both DNA and RNA.
______1.
consists of a single strand of nucleotides
______2.
made of nucleotides linked together
______3.
contains deoxyribose
______4.
contains the nitrogen base Uracil
______5.
contains ribose
______6.
is a nucleic acid
______7.
consists of a double strand of nucleotides
______8.
contains a base that pairs with adenine
Complete the table below
DNA
Number of strands
Location
Components of
nucleotide
Function
Structure
(drawing)
mRNA
tRNA
Match the properties in column A, with the nucleic acids in column B
Column A
______9.
Column B
carries amino acids to ribosomes
A. DNA
______10. composed of two chains of nucleotides
B. mRNA
______11. contains Thymine
C. tRNA
______12. contains ribose
D. mRNA and tRNA
______13. involved in translation
E. DNA and mRNA
______14. made during transcription
F. DNA, mRNA, and tRNA
______15. contains phosphate & ribose
______16. contains Cytosine
______17. contains Uracil
Transcription
Use the word bank below to label the diagram of transcription:
DNA
Nitrogen base
Breaking H-bond
mRNA
nucleotide
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
tRNA
RNA polymerase
18. Use the word bank above to complete the diagram (not all words will be used)
A. __________________
B. __________________
C. __________________
D. __________________
E. __________________
F. __________________
Fill in the blank with correct term or phrase to complete each sentence.
19. In eukaryotes, transcription takes place in the ____________.
20. Transcription begins when ___________________ binds to the gene’s promoter.
21. RNA polymerase adds complementary ________________ as it “reads” the gene.
22. __________ is a strand of nucleotides that carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
23. ___________ are the part of DNA that is transcribed into mRNA.
24. ___________ are the part of DNA that is not transcribed into mRNA.
25. Transcribe the following DNA strand into its corresponding mRNA strand:
DNA:
C C A T A G C A C G T T A C A A C G T G A A G G T A A
mRNA
Translation
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.
_____27. ribonucleic acid
_____28. uracil
A. the entire process by which proteins are made
B. a molecule made of linked nucleotides
_____29. transcription
C. the process of reading instructions on an RNA molecule to put
together the amino acids that make up a protein
_____30. translation
D. the process of transferring a gene’s instructions
for making a protein to an RNA molecule
_____31. gene expression
E. a nitrogen base used in RNA instead of the base
Thymine found in DNA
32. Which is the correct sequence?
a. DNA
RNA
protein
b. RNA
DNA
protein
c. DNA
RNA
protein
d. RNA
DNA
protein
33. Put the following events of in the correct order from 1 to 7
_____peptide bonds form between amino acids
_____mRNA leaves the nucleus
_____DNA unzips
_____tRNA molecules base pair with mRNA
_____free mRNA nucleotides base pair with DNA
_____mRNA reaches the ribosomes
_____polypeptide chain folds into a protein
34. What is the name of the process you sequenced above? ___________________________
35. Complete the set for each of the following table
DNA
mRNA
Amino Acids
Fill in the blank:
ATG
GTA
CAA
AAT
GCG
TGT
ACT
CCC
TAG
33. Proteins differ from one another by the order of __________________________.
34. Any change in a nitrogen base sequence is called a _______________________.
35. The function of ____________________ is to carry specific amino acids to the ribosomes.
36. One tRNA molecule carries ______ nitrogenous bases and ______ amino acids.
37. Proteins are linked by ______________________ bonds.
Use the word bank below to complete the diagram
DNA
Anti-codon
Codon
Ribosome
A. __________________
B. __________________
C. __________________
D. __________________
E. __________________
F. __________________
G. __________________
H. __________________
I.
__________________
J. ________________
mRNA
Amino Acid
Nucleus
Protein Chain
tRNA
RNA polymerase
Name_________________________________________________________________________________ Period_____
Transcription and Translation Practice KEY
DNA vs. RNA
In the spaces provided, write “D” if the statement is true of DNA. Write “R” if the statement is true of RNA. Write “B”
is the statement is true of both DNA and RNA.
R
______1.
consists of a single strand of nucleotides
B
______2.
made of nucleotides linked together
D
______3.
contains deoxyribose
R
______4.
contains the nitrogen base Uracil
R
______5.
contains ribose
B
______6.
D
is a nucleic acid
______7.
consists of a double strand of nucleotides
B
______8.
contains a base that pairs with adenine
Complete the table below
DNA
Number of strands
mRNA
1
tRNA
1
Nucleus to cytoplasm
cytoplasm
Ribose, phosphate,
nitrogenous base (G,A,U,C)
Ribose, phosphate,
nitrogenous base (G,A,U,C)
Carries temporary copies of
the message contained in
DNA to the ribosome to be
translated
Carry amino acids to the
ribosome to create the
proper proteins
2
Location
Components of
nucleotide
Nucleus
Deoxyribose, phosphate,
nitrogenous base (G,A,T,C)
Function
Stores genetic information
that codes for all proteins
made in the cell
Structure
(drawing)
Match the properties in column A, with the nucleic acids in column B
Column A
B
______9.
Column B
carries amino acids to ribosomes
A. DNA
A
______10. composed of two chains of nucleotides
B. mRNA
A
______11. contains Thymine
C. tRNA
D
______12.
contains ribose
D. mRNA and tRNA
E
______13.
involved in translation
E. DNA and mRNA
B
______14.
made during transcription
F. DNA, mRNA, and tRNA
D
______15. contains phosphate & ribose
F
______16. contains Cytosine
D
______17. contains Uracil
Transcription
Use the word bank below to label the diagram of transcription:
DNA
Nitrogen base
Breaking H-bond
mRNA
nucleotide
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
tRNA
RNA polymerase
18. Use the word bank above to complete the diagram (not all will be used)
A. ___Nucleus____
B. _Breaking H bond__
C. _RNA polymerase__
D. _Cytoplasm____
E. __mRNA___
F. ____DNA___
Fill in the blank with correct term or phrase to complete each sentence.
26. In eukaryotes, transcription takes place in the ____nucleus___.
27. Transcription begins when ____RNA polymerase___ binds to the gene’s promoter.
28. RNA polymerase adds complementary __nucleotides__ as it “reads” the gene.
29. _mRNA_ is a strand of nucleotides that carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
30. __Exons__ are the part of DNA that is transcribed into mRNA.
31. __Introns__ are the part of DNA that is not transcribed into mRNA.
32. Transcribe the following DNA strand into its corresponding mRNA strand:
DNA:
C C A T A G C A C G T T A C A A C G T G A A G G T A A
mRNA G G U A U C G U G C A A U G U U G C A C U U C C A U U
Translation
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.
__B__27. ribonucleic acid
__E__28. uracil
A. the entire process by which proteins are made
B. a molecule made of linked nucleotides
__D__29. transcription
C. the process of reading instructions on an RNA molecule to put
together the amino acids that make up a protein
__C__30. translation
D. the process of transferring a gene’s instructions
for making a protein to an RNA molecule
__A__31. Protein synthesis
E. a nitrogen base used in RNA instead of the base
Thymine found in DNA
32. Which is the correct sequence?
a. DNA
RNA
protein
b. RNA
DNA
protein
c. DNA
RNA
protein
d. RNA
DNA
protein
36. Put the following events of in the correct order from 1 to 7
__6__peptide bonds form between amino acids
__3__mRNA leaves the nucleus
__1__DNA unzips
__5__tRNA molecules base pair with mRNA
__2__free mRNA nucleotides base pair with DNA
__4__mRNA reaches the ribosomes
__7__polypeptide chain folds into a protein
37. What is the name of the process you sequenced above? ___Protein Synthesis___
38. Complete the set for each of the following table
DNA
ATG
GTA
CAA
AAT
GCG
TGT
ACT
CCC
TAG
mRNA
UAC
CAU
GUU
UUA
CGC
ACA
UGA
GGG
AUC
Amino Acids
TYR
HIS
VAL
LEU
ARG
THR
STOP
GLY
ILE
Fill in the blank:
38. Proteins differ from one another by the order of _____amino acids___.
39. Any change in a nitrogen base sequence is called a ___mutation___.
40. The function of ____tRNA__ is to carry specific amino acids to the ribosomes.
41. One tRNA molecule carries __3_ nitrogenous bases and __1__ amino acids.
42. Proteins are linked by __peptide_ bonds.
Use the word bank below to complete the diagram
DNA
Anti-codon
Codon
A. _____DNA______
B. _RNA polymerase_
C. ____mRNA_____
D. _____Nucleus____
E. _____tRNA______
F. __Protein Chain___
G. _____Ribosome____
H. ____Amino Acid____
I.
____Anti-Codon____
J. _____Codon______
mRNA
Amino Acid
Nucleus
Protein Chain
tRNA
RNA polymerase
Ribosome
Name_________________________________________________________________________________ Period_____