INTRODUCTION
INVENTED IN GERMANY IN 1952
THERMAL MATERIAL REMOVAL PROCESS THAT UTILIZES A FOCUSED BEAM OF HIGHVELOCITY ELECTRONS TO PERFORM HIGH-SPEED DRILLING AND CUTTING
TYPES: THERMAL (BEAM IS USED TO HEAT THE MATERIAL UP TO THE POINT WHERE IT
IS SELECTIVELY VAPORIZED) AND NON-THERMAL (UTILIZES THE BEAM TO CAUSE A
CHEMICAL REACTION)
ABLE TO DRILL MATERIALS UP TO 10MM THICK AT PERFORATION RATES THAT FAR
EXCEED ALL OTHER MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
ALTHOUGH EBM IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING ALMOST ANY PROGRAMMABLE HOLE
SHAPE, IT IS OFTEN APPLIED FOR HIGH-SPEED DRILLING OF ROUND HOLES IN METALS,
CERAMICS AND PLASTICS OF ANY HARDNESS
PRINCIPLE
High speed electron is bombarded to the workpiece
Conversion of kinetic energy into heat energy
The material will be removed due to heat energy
Vacuum Chamber
CONT...
A stream of high-speed electrons impinges on the work
surface whereby the kinetic energy, transferred to the
work material, produces intense heating. Depending on
the intensity of the heat thus generated, the material
can melt or vaporize
EQUIPMENT
HOW EBM WORKS?
a. First electron gun produces high velocity electron particles. These electron particles move towards anode
which is placed after cathode tube.
b. Now this high intense electron beam passes through magnetic lenses. There are a series of lenses which
take care of only convergent electron passes through it. It absorb all divergent electron and low energy
electron. It provides a high quality electron beam.
c. This electron beam now passes through electromagnetic lens and deflecting coil. It focus the electron beam
at a spot.
d. The high intense electron beam impinges on the work piece where kinetic energy of electrons convert into
thermal energy.
e. The material is removed from contact surface by melting and vaporization due to this high heat generated by
conversion of kinetic energy into thermal energy. This whole process take place in a vacuum chamber
otherwise these electron collide with air particle between path and loses its kinetic energy.
VARIATION IN ENERGY DENSITY WITH SPOT DIAMETER OF THERMAL BEAM
PROCESSES
APPLICATION
Produce very small size hole (100 micro meters to 2
milimeter)
Produce holes in diesel injection nozle
Used in aerospace industry (producing blade)
Nuclear reactors
ADVANTAGES
Produce very small size hole in any direction
It can machining any material irrespective
Provides good surface finish, no any surface finishing
process after EBM
Highly reacting material can be machine easily
DISADVANTAGES
High capital cost
High skill operator required
Low material removal rate
Frequent maintenance is required
It is very diffilut to produce perfect vacuum
PROCESS PARAMETERS
 Beam current
 Pulse duration
 Lens current
 Deflection coil
MATERIAL APPLICATIONS
SHAPE APPLICATIONS
THE EXAMPLE
OF EBM PRODUCTS
MATRIX OF COMPARISON
Machining method
Technology
Work piece material
Work Piece Thickness
span
Installation and Maintenance
Uniquenes
Electron Beam
Machining
High speed electron injected in
the work piece
Metalic and non metalic
material without restrictions
100 micro meter–2mm
Highly cost in installation and
Maintenance
Highly surface finish
Good electrical conductor
material / regardless the
hardness
2-4 micro inch
Highly cost in installation and
Maintenance
It is independent of the Hardness of
the work piece
Electrical discharge
Electrical sparking with electrode
machining
Laser Beam
Machining
Injecting of laser beam
All Types of Material
10 micro meter – 1 mm
Highly cost in installation and
Maintenance
Abillity to work on all types of
material regardless of Hardness
Ultrasonic Machining
Transfer High frequancy electric
power to vibration energy
Hard Brittle material
10 – 40 micro meter
Average installation cost and
High maintenance
No heat generated in works so no
problem of work hardening or
change in structural of work piece.
THANK YOU