• Principles of quantity measurement
• Quantity measurement for building
works
• Take off and measuring techniques
Quantity Measurement
BFC 31602 (Contract & Estimation)
Dr. Azeanita Suratkon
Introduction
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Quantity measurement of building works is carried out to produce bill of
quantities (BQ).
Taking Off :
‘Take off’ refers to the scaling or transferring of critical dimensions of
construction components from drawings to paper/software that are
quantified as units of measurement.
All measurements and calculations are ‘nett as fixed position’ –
measurement are taken or scaled direct from drawings without allowing for
methods a contractor may use to carry out the works, i.e. waste and
shrinkage by mixing with water or cutting material to length which is risk an
estimator must consider within the chargeable rate.
In Malaysia, quantity measurement of building works must follow the
principles of measurement stated in the Standard Method of Measurement
of Building Works, 2nd Ed. (SMM2).
Examples of building work elements in BQ
Substructure
Piling
Work Below Lowest Floor Finish
Superstructure
Frame
Upper Floor
Roof
Stairs
External Wall
Windows and External Doors
Internal Wall and Partitions
Internal Doors
Finishes
Internal Wall Finishes
Internal Floor Finishes
Internal Ceiling Finishes
External Finishes
Fittings and Furnishings
Services
Sanitary Appliances
Plumbing Installations
Air Conditioning System
Electrical Installation etc.
External Work
Earthwork
Drainage
Parking etc.
Inserting dimensions and quantities into
taking off sheet
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Internal Wall
Half brick wall in common bricks in cement and sand
(1:6) mortar in Stretcher bond with brick reinforcement
at every fourth course, non-load bearing
m2
32
Length
7.200
Less bwl. 0.225
6.975
Description and calculation
Inserting dimensions and quantities into
taking off sheet
Inserting dimensions and quantities into
taking off sheet
Inserting dimensions and quantities into
taking off sheet
Centre line calculation
Centre line calculation
Centre line calculation
Centre line calculation
Centre line calculation
Centre line calculation
SMM1 & SMM2
References
Stationery
Principles and Rules of Measurement
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Excavation work
Hardcore
Damp proofed membrane (DPM)
Steel reinforcement work
Formwork
Concreting work
Project drawings
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Notes:
Excavate top soil 100mm deep to be
deposited 10.00 m from site.
Concrete cover for pad footing,
column stump and ground beam is
40 mm thick.
Lean concrete shall be of Grade 7
concrete.
Concrete to footings, stumps,
ground beams and bed shall be of
Grade 20 concrete.
Project drawings
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Project drawings
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Taking-off list
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Principles and Rules of Measurement
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Excavation work
– Soil types and condition, including underground water conditions and
trial pit (if any) shall be mentioned.
– Excavation for top soil shall be measured in m2 and its thickness (which
is normally 150 thick) shall be stated.
– Excavation to reduce level shall me measured in m3.
– Removal of excavated material shall be measured in m3.
– Excavation work shall be done by stage of depth, not exceeding (n.e.)
0.25m, 1.00m, 2.00m , 4.00m and so on (using 2.0m depth interval).
– Excavation involving rock shall be measured as “provisional quantities”
or as “extra over” item.
Original ground level
Level after removing top soil
Reduced level
Depth of excavation to
measured in specified
depth interval
Quantity Measurement
EXCAVATION – TOP SOIL
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
EXCAVATION – REDUCED LEVEL
Original ground level
Level after removing top soil
Reduced level
Depth of excavation to
measured in specified
depth interval
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
EXCAVATION – PAD FOOTING
Original ground level
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
EXCAVATION – PAD FOOTING
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
EXCAVATION – TRENCH FOR GROUND BEAM
Quantity Measurement
EXCAVATIO N
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
EXCAVATION – TRENCH FOR GROUND BEAM
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Principles and Rules of Measurement
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Concreting work
– The ratio of concrete mixes or grades of concrete that will be used shall
be clearly stated.
– Concrete for footings, column, stump and beam shall be measured in
m3.
– Concrete for ground floor shall be measured in m3 and its thickness
shall be stated (whether n.e.100mm, 100 -150mm, 150-300mm or
exceeding 300mm).
– Concrete for lean concrete shall be measured in m3 and its thickness
shall be stated similarly as for ground floor.
Quantity Measurement
BLINDING AND CONCRETE
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
BLINDING AND CONCRETE
Ground beam
Height of column stump is
measured from top of pad
footing up to top of ground
beam
Pad footing
Quantity Measurement
REMOVAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Principles and Rules of Measurement
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Formwork
– Formwork for footing, ground floor and ground beam shall be measured
separately.
– It shall be measured in m2 if the length of side is more than 1.00 m
height.
– If it is n.e. 1.00 m height, it shall be measured in metre run (m) and its
height shall be stated in stages: n.e. 250mm, 250-500mm and 500100mm.
Ground floor
Formwork to side
of beam
This area no need to be
deducted from the quantity of
formwork for column
Formwork for beam is
measured up to the
side of column
Column stump
Quantity Measurement
FORMWORK – COLUMN STUMP
SHOULD BE MEASURED IN
LINEAR METRE AS THE SIDE IS
LESS THAN 1.00 M HEIGHT?
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Principles and Rules of Measurement
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Steel reinforcement work
– Reinforcement bar shall be measured in metre run (m). After that the
length will be converted into kg/tonne.
– Fabric mesh shall be measured in m2. No addition for overlapping and
no deduction for 1m2 void shall be made.
Concrete cover
Hook
Link
Reinforcement/
Main bar
Reinforcement/
Main bar of column
Reinforcement/ Main bar
and link for column stump
includes those located in
the column and footing
Pad footing
Quantity Measurement
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
BLINDING AND CONCRETE
25 mm thick LC =0.03m
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
FORMWORK
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Principles and Rules of Measurement
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Hardcore
– Hardcore shall be measured in m2 and its thickness and
material/sources (normally consisting of rock or broken bricks) shall be
stated.
– Hardcore with thickness of more than 250m shall be measured in m3.
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Damp proofed membrane
– It shall be measured in m2 if its coverage area is exceeding 300mm
length.
– It shall be measured in metre run (m) and its width shall be stated in
150mm interval if its length is less than 300mm.
Quantity Measurement
HARDCORE & D.P.M.
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam
Quantity Measurement
BLINDING AND CONCRETE
2-Storey Bungalow on
Lot 1234 Shah Alam