AUTOMOBILE SMART HEADLIGHT
DIMMER/DIPPER
JESSON P. SULAPAS, JOVANY M. OLVIS, RUSSEL S. AMADO, RESTY YBAŇEZ
Surigao State College of Technology, Surigao City, Philippines
jsulpas@ssct.edu.ph,jolvis1@ssct.edu.ph,ramado@ssct.edu.ph,rybanez1@ssct.edu.ph
Abstract-- The number of vehicles on our roads is burgeoning day by day. This in turn forced almost all these vehicle
manufacturers to think about the extra safety instruments and electronic controls to attach with these products for giving the
users a safety derived in all road conditions through mass flow traffic. And one of the extra safety features would be the
Automobile Smart headlight dimmer/dipper . It’s a very hectic job for the drivers to manually control the beam of the headlamps
during the night from time to time when an oncoming vehicle is located within 150 meters of the other vehicle. So, it’s high
time when a safety control unit should be installed in vehicles that can automatically dim the headlamps by detecting their
intensity which, otherwise, might cause serious trouble for the drivers. And that is why its design and function have evolved
considerably over the years, shifting from a utilitarian component of a vehicle to being a major part of its overall design and
operation. In some parts of the world, headlight design and function are changing. They're becoming smarter and have been
developed with the ability to switch or adjust their brightness in response to the high beam lights coming from an opposite
vehicle high beam headlamps. An automobile Smart headlight dimmer/dipper is a circuit that automatically switches the
headlight intensities of vehicles arriving from opposite directions in a controlled manner.
I. INTRODUCTION
In today's modern world, the vehicle plays a very
important role, especially in our daily life. While the
number of vehicles is increasing dramatically, traffic
accidents are also increasing, with most accidents
especially occurring at night. During the day there are
a lot of vehicles causing traffic on the roads, so some
people, or more likely, choose to travel at night to save
time. The requirement of headlight is very common
during night travel. The same headlight which assists
the driver for better vision during night travel is also
responsible for many accidents that are being caused.
The driver has the control of the headlight which can
be switched from high beam (bright) to low beam
(dim). The headlight has to be adjusted according to
the light requirement by the driver.
During night driving, the oncoming vehicle
headlight beam acts directly on the driver's eye and the
eye becomes blurry, it takes 3-8 seconds before it can
see normally again. The vehicle's high beam is a major
hazard when driving at night. Most drivers use a bright
light when driving at night so they can see the road
clearly. On the other hand, it causes inconvenience to
the person traveling in the opposite direction. This
discomfort causes an involuntary temporary closing of
the driver's eyes. This fraction of distraction is the
number one cause of many traffic accidents. Such
situations are generally addressed through the use of a
manual DIP switch mechanism that prompts the driver
to "dim" the focus of their headlights, thus allowing
the opposing vehicle to adjust their vehicle and also an
indication that they too are "submerged" the lights of
your vehicle.
However, it can sometimes be very tedious and
cumbersome to do the above process manually.
Therefore, having some kind of integrated automatic
system can prevent the driver from suffering from this
headache, especially when driving on roads in
stressful and dangerous conditions.
There are controls like clutch, brake pedal,
accelerator pedal, and sharing the same importance,
the dimmer switch is changed with time, and its pace
in the field of automobile safety is one of the
uppermost. Simply, an automatic dipper is a unit,
which can automatically judge when the headlight
beam needs to be lowered, and which dip the headlamp
from which beam to a dipped beam. For this reason, a
system called Automobile Smart Automatic Dim and
Dipper is used to automatically control the intensity of
the spotlight with the Dim Dip Controller. By knowing
the opposite light intensity value of the vehicle, the
brightness of the light is varied. This system is
accurate, reliable, and easy to use. This project focuses
on maintaining the proper performance of the
headlight illumination according to the light of the
opposing vehicle or any intensity of the light source.
Review Related Literature
An automatic vehicle high-beam headlight control
system is developed to detect distance tail lamps and
switch to low beams by detecting nearby traffic. The
methodology approached here is a camera-based
vision system that acquires and processes images of
the region in front of the vehicle and extracts enough
information about size, position, color, and intensity of
light sources to dim the vehicle's headlights [1]. An
automatic dipper system is developed to overcome the
inconvenience and accidents due to sudden glare
produced by oncoming vehicle with a high beam. A
camera is used for visual detection of headlights and
this data will be sent to Raspberry Pi after processing
the input from the camera with Maximal Stable
Extreme Regions (MSER) blob detection algorithm. A
trigger will be sent by the Raspberry Pi in the form of
a signal which is used for dipping the high beam [2].
Programmable automotive headlight system is an
ultra-low latency reactive visual system developed to
improve anti-glare high beams and driver visibility
during snow storms. Aslam Musthafa R (2017) built
up an automatic headlight beam controller. It will
sense the light intensity value of opposite vehicles and
automatically switches the high beam into low beam
and it will reduces the glare effect [3]. Abdul Kader
Riyaz .M (2017) proposed an graphene coated LED
based automatic street lighting system using
microcontroller. In this the author introduced GaN
based LED which acts as a heat sink. They have used
arduino uno microcontroller [4]. Williams. E.A (2016)
proposed a design and implementation of automatic
headlight dimmer for vehicles using light dependent
resistor (LDR) sensor. The device is able to
automatically switch the headlight low when it is
sensed by the light dependent resistor [5]. Okrah S.K,
Williams E.A, Kumssah. F describes about, an
automatic headlight dimmer which uses a Light
Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor has been designed
to dim the headlight of on-coming vehicles to avoid
human eye effects. This automatically switched the
high beam into low beam, therefore reducing the glare
effect by sensing the light intensity value of
approaching vehicle and also eliminated the
requirement of manual switching by the driver which
was not done at all times [6]. Human eyes vary with
various conditions of light surrounding it. In a bright
environment, human eye opposes up to 3cd/m2, called
photopic view. During dull and dim surroundings our
eye changes to Scotopic vision, ranging from 3145μcd/m2. It takes generally about 4 seconds for
human eyes to change from photopic to scotopic and
vice-versa. This is also an additional case of
TROXLER effect. With the brightness increase the
strain, that expands the reaction time delaying the
reaction. The need of headlights is inevitable for the
night journey[7]. The same headlight which helps the
driver for better vision during night travel is also
responsible for numerous accidents. Usually, the
control is under the driver to switch in between high
beam to low beam as per requirement. In Dark
conditions, in absence of any other alternate source of
light, high beam is preferred, to track the road or any
obstacle ahead[8]. Whereas in busy roads or heavy
traffic low beam is preferred. In case of two- way
traffic, the vehicles ply on both lanes. As the bright
light from the vehicles of the opposite side falls on to
the eyes of the driver of another side, results in glaring
effect for sufficient amount of time. Even fraction of
diversion might be the main cause of a fatal accident
[9].
Conceptual Framework
Most of the accidents during night occur due to the
high amount of light falling on the vehicle. It causes
glaring and troxler fading that leads to accident. To
overcome this problem the intensity of light falling on
the other vehicle should be reduced automatically.
There is manual adjustment of intensity of light but it
is difficult to adjust manually during some situations.
To overcome this problem, automatic adjustment of
light is needed which is described in this paper. LDR
is used to measure the amount of intensity of light
falling on the vehicle. When the LDR detects the large
amount of intensity of light falling on it, the
microcontroller reduces the amount intensity of light
in the vehicle. This gives the clear vision for the
drivers. Thus, it prevents the collision and accidents
before occurring it.
Light Dependent Resistor
LDR is a sensor that changes its resistance
according to the amount of intensity of light falling on
it. Increasing the intensity of light decreases the
resistance and increases the conductivity of LDR. The
output of LDR is an analog output. The LightDependent resistor works on the principle of Photo
conductivity i.e. the conductivity of the LDR increases
by increasing the intensity of light falling on it. When
the LDR is kept in dark, the resistance of it is very high
12
that is up to 10 Ω. At the same time, when the LDR
is placed in sunlight, there is a drastic fall in the
resistance of LDR. LDR is most commonly used light
sensor. It is of low cost and has a simple structure. It
helps to find the amount light intensity.
Buck Converter
Relay Module
Objectives
The overall goal of this research is to develop a
gadget that will make night driving safer and reduce
accidents caused by headlight glare.
1. When a vehicle approaches, the photo resistor
module detects light from the approaching vehicle
effectively.
2. Only when the intensity exceeds the threshold glare
value does a warning appear.
3. The RF transmitter delivers a signal to the oncoming
car as soon as the Buck Converter and Relay Module
receives the data that a discomfort has been caused.
4. As soon as the buck converter and relay module gets
data indicating that a disturbance has occurred, the RF
transmitter sends a signal to the oncoming car.
5. The beam is controlled, and after a short interval, a
signal is delivered to the driver to return the strength
of the beam to its prior level.
II METHODS
Research Design
This research design will guarantee the existence of
the object and the evidence gathered allows the
researcher to successfully address the research
challenge.
The researcher uses a qualitative design using a
descriptive technique. This method will help the
researcher to answer the questions “WHY” and
“HOW” about specific studies. The researcher gave
the best research material to explain in circumstances
and cases in this design. It gives the researcher detailed
and step-by-step information from theoretical to the
actual study.
This system was intended to minimize the accident
on the Cause by the sudden glare of headlights during
nighttime driving, and it is one of the most common
problems for drivers. The Troxler effect is momentary
blindness caused by this. This has eventually been the
cause of accidents that occur at night and in adverse
weather, such as wet or foggy situations. The driver
should have quickly turned down the bright lights to
avoid glare to the other person, but they find it
impossible to do so. The idea for designing and
developing a prototype circuit known as automatically
turning the headlamp to a low beam when it detects a
vehicle approaching from the opposite side. As a
result, installing this device in every car not only
prevents accidents but also ensures a safe and
pleasurable driving experience.
Project Design
From the Battery source to the input of the DC to Dc
Buck Converter you can automatically see if the
supply tag is at low voltage due to the mini digital
panel, then from the output of the DC to Dc Buck
Converter to the input of the replay module with the
source negative and positive, from the postive we are
going to tap to the common relay module then in
negative of relay module tap to the negative source
of headlight and the output is in relay module I , 3 wire
normally close, normally open, and negative then in
headlight 3 pin that have negative, high beam, and low
beam the negative of the headlight we are going to tap
into negative relay module then the normally close
will tap into the high beam of the headlight then the
normally open will be tap into the low beam nof the
headlight. The process is if it didn't detect the LDR of
the light the power will be given to the relay module
in the normal close to the high beam of the headlight
then if you can detect the light the LDR will
automatically give the power to the normally open to
gave a low beam of the headlight.
Project Development
The development of this project is divided into
many sections. The researcher's primary responsibility
is illustrated in the diagram above. From the stage of
analysis to the level of assessment, each block evolves.
In Situation Analysis, the researcher will examine,
determine, and articulate the study's problem. Then
they gather data and information about the problem, as
well as prospective project ideas to address it. The
researchers will then design circuits and program the
technology to operate them. Following the design
stage, the program's engagement kicks off the project's
construction. Researchers and stakeholders will test
and evaluate the project to provide a standard output
or to provide the planned project.
Researchers are adopting sampling methods that
select samples from a wider population using purposebased methods. If you consider participants to be the
sample of interest, you should specifically choose to
participate in the survey based on the characteristics of
your interest. After that, the researcher will have an
interview. This is a good way to collect detailed
information about people's thoughts, thoughts,
experiences and feelings. Surveys and surveys,
including a collection of questions that are normally
used only for research purposes, follow the interview.
The participants of this study are mainly the project
beneficiaries.
Participants
f(n=20 )
% 0f involvement
Four-wheels driver
5
20.00
Tricycle driver
Motorcycle driver
5
10
35.00
45.00
List of Participants
Project Evaluations
The researchers employed a purposive sample and
selective strategy to find participants who could
provide in-depth and extensive information on the
venture as well as meet the standard output
requirements for the phenomenon under study. For the
chosen responders, it represents the entire population
within the study's scope
The number of participants and their involvement in
the study may be seen in the table above. The survey
had a total of 20 participants, with 5 four-wheel drivers
accounting for 20% of the
study's participation. For a Tricycle driver with 5
participants and a 35 percent participation rate, and a
Motorcycle driver with ten participants and a 45
percent participation rate, the sample was conducted
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I. Of, “‫م روطت‬
‫م ق ح ال ة ةي سمش‬
‫ماظن‬
‫ م يم صت ذي ف ن تو‬Design and Implementation
of,” vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 0–70, 2020.
Instruments
1.Light Detection Sensor(Photosensitive
sensor module)
2. Buck Converter and Relay Module
3. Breadboard
4. Resistors (100k)
5. Jumper Wires
6. Rx Receiver (433MHz)
7. Tx Transmitter (433MHz)
8. Buzzer
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
IV. CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to acknowledge any
‘Who’ behind this research paper made possible and
successful. Our sincere gratitude to our Almighty God,
Jehovah, who gave wisdom and good health to us. You
are our strength and light in any circumstances we
encountered. To our beloved parents who had fully
support to us from love to financial matters and
inspires us to do the present study successful. Also, to
our friends and relatives for the knowledge and
encouragement in conducting study. To our College
President, who pursuit the quality and excellence
education, Dr. Gregorio Z. Gamboa Jr. To our best
supportive College Dean Engr. Robert R. Bacarro, to
share wisdom and motivation to continues support for
the study. To our instructor Engr. Vicente Delante for
approving our research title and continue providing
research materials to make this research possible.
VI. REFERENCES