Introductory Brochure
Introductory Brochure
1 Introduction
Table of contents
The Italmatch Chemicals S.p.A. Business is offering
1Introduction
2What are DEQUEST
Phosphonates?
unique specialty additives to meet the needs of
®
these industries involved in water management or
deal with processes or applications where water
plays a crucial role.
More than 50 years ago, Italmatch Chemicals
3What are DEQUEST
P polymers?
®
4What are DEQUEST® PB
polymers?
5
Functionalities of DEQUEST®
Phosphonates, DEQUEST® PB
and DEQUEST® P polymers
pioneered the development of phosphonates based
antiscalants. Dequest® phosphonates have been
the product of choice for antiscalants / dispersants /
corrosion inhibitors / chelants in various applications
for many years. Today Italmatch Chemicals offers a
broad range of water management additives
including Dequest
®
phosphonates, Dequest
®
P
acrylic / maleic based (co-)polymers, Dequest® PB
biological polymers and tailor made products for
specific applications.
5.1 ”Threshold Effect” scale inhibition
Dequest
5.2 Sequestration
worldwide in a broad spectrum of markets and
5.3 Dispersion
5.4 Corrosion control
(for DEQUEST® Phosphonates only)
6Special DEQUEST®
phosphonates grades
7Ready-to-Use Solutions
8Applications
9Important use considerations
of DEQUEST® phosphonates
®
phosphonates and polymers are used
applications, including industrial water treatment,
household
&
industrial
detergents,
industrial
cleaners, enhanced oil recovery operations and
various industrial processes such as desalination,
pulp production & bleaching of paper as well as
textiles, geothermal, semiconductors process, mining
and sugar processing.
2 What are DEQUEST Phosphonates?
®
Organophosphonates are multifunctional metal ion
control agents. By definition, they contain at least one
functional group, -PO3H2, attached to a carbon atom. The
carbon to phosphorous bond is one of the phosphonate’s
desirable attributes:
2. Stability
in
aqueous
systems
to
high
temperatures, pressures and pH extremes.
3. Multiple bonding sites within their complex
11Toxicity and handling of
DEQUEST® products
12Quality of DEQUEST® products
structures.
4. High aqueous solubility.
5. Compatibility and ease of formulation.
DEQUEST offers eight primary phosphonate families: six
®
amino phosphonates where the carbon holding the -PO3H2
functional group is bonded to a nitrogen atom in the
molecule and two non-amino phosphonates where the
-PO3H2 functional group is bonded to another carbon
atom.
2
Other digits have been set aside for the special
available, including the acid, sodium or potassium salts
and/or future products.
solutions as well as powders or granules.
The tables on pages 8-10 will help you with the selection of
the most appropriate DEQUEST® phosphonate. Please do not
are
hesitate to consult your representative for more information
DEQUEST® 2000, 2040, 2050, 2060, 2080, 2090, and
or for guidance with conducting performance testing in order
the
to determine the best product for your specific application.
The
six
families
two
of
non-amino
amino
phosphonates
phosphonate
families
are
DEQUEST® 2010 and 7000. These products are classified
according to a four digit product code described hereafter.
The first three digits designate the series, grouping the
DEQUEST® grades belonging to the same chemical
structure, i.e.:
Grades based on Amino tri (methylene-phosphonic
acid) or ATMP.
Grades based on 1-Hydroxyethylidene 1, 1-Diphosphonic acid or HEDP.
DEQUEST® P 9000, P 9200 and P 9300 are effective on calcium
carbonate, calcium sulphate, magnesium hydroxide and
dispersant for specific corrosion inhibition programs for
industrial cooling water treatment.
DEQUEST® P9400 find its effective uses in enhance zinc based
DEQUEST® 204X series
Grades based on Ethylenediamine tetra (methylene
phosphonic acid) or EDTMP.
cooling water treatment performance. And is excellent
Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Oxalate inhibition at alkaline
condition of P&P mills as well as digesters scale control in
DEQUEST® 205X series
on
combination with DEQUEST® phosphonates in industrial
calcium phosphate scales. DEQUEST® P9300 finds its use as a
DEQUEST® 201X series
based
DEQUEST® P is a range of polymers specifically designed for
water treatment applications.
DEQUEST® 200X series
Grades
3 What are DEQUEST® P polymers?
Hexamethylenediamine
tetra
(methylene phosphonic acid) or HMDTMP.
DEQUEST® 206X series
Grades based on Diethylenetriamine penta (methylene
pulp mills.
DEQUEST® P9500 is excellent CaCO3 inhibition and silica
dispersion. Effective Calcium Phosphate inhibition and iron
oxide/silt dispersion. Good corrosion protection for mild steel.
phosphonic acid) or DETPMP.
1. A strong anionic (negative) charge.
10Environmental properties of
DEQUEST® products
In most product families several product forms are
DEQUEST® 208X series
Grade based on a proprietary polyamino phosphonic
4 What are DEQUEST® PB polymers?
acid preparation.
The DEQUEST® PB product range includes three grades of
DEQUEST® 209X series
Grades
based
on
carboxymethyl Inulin (CMI), each with a different degree of
Bis
hexamethylenetriamine
phosphonate.
DEQUEST 700x series
®
substitution: 2.0 and 2.5 respectively.
The major raw material for DEQUEST® PB inulin is a short
chain of poly-fructose terminated by a glucose ring. It is
Grades based on Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid
naturally occurring in chicory roots. Each fructose ring
(PBTC).
carries three reactive hydroxyl groups which can be
converted
into
carboxymethyl
functions,
providing
The fourth number (x) indicates the product type, using
chelation and dispersion properties to the molecule. The
the following convention:
degree of substitution of the hydroxyls by carboxymethyl
0 - Acid solution
groups is driven by the reaction conditions and the raw
1 - Solid acid
materials ratio.
4 - Potassium salt
6 - Sodium salt
7 - Calcium salt
CMI is inherently biodegradable and has a very low degree
of environmental and human toxicity.
As an example, DEQUEST® 2066 stands for the aqueous
The table on pages 11-13 provides you with add­it­ion­al
solution of the sodium salt of Diethylene-triamine penta
usage guidance and product properties, of DEQUEST® P
(methylenephosphonic acid).
and DEQUEST® PB polymers.
3
Introductory Brochure
5 Functionalities of DEQUEST® Phosphonates, DEQUEST® PB and
DEQUEST® P polymers
Either individually or in combination, the essential
The threshold inhibition effectiveness of the various
properties of DEQUEST® products are described in this
DEQUEST® products depends on conditions such as the
section. These functional properties are:
type of scalant, water composition, supersaturation,
temperature and pH.
• Threshold scale inhibition
• Sequestration
Fig. 2 is representing threshold, turbidity and sequestration
• Dispersion
regions of DEQUEST® phosphonates.
• Corrosion control
At some low phosphonate to calcium molar ratios, calcium
phosphonates in general have a limited solubility in water
5.1 - Threshold Effect” scale inhibition
and this phenomenon increases with increasing pH. This
The ability of very small amounts of scale inhibitors to
phenomenon is termed the “Turbidity Region”.
keep large quantities of scalant in solution is known as the
Typical concentrations at which the phosphonates
“threshold effect”. For instance, one molecule of
precipitate with calcium under the mildly alkaline
“threshold” scale inhibitor can inhibit the precipitation of
conditions (up to pH 8.5 – 9) are given below:
more than 5000 molecules of scalant.
DEQUEST® 2000, 2046, 2066: 50 to 300 mg/l
DEQUEST® 2010: 20 to 60 mg/l
According to current theories, this is due to the adsorption
of the threshold agent on the growing site of the scalant
crystal, altering its growth pattern so that the crystals are
Increasing the phosphonate to calcium molar ratio to
formed more slowly and are highly distorted.
higher values (0.2 – 0.4 and above) brings the system in
the “Sequestration Region” again and gives clear solutions.
This is also illustrated in figure 2.
Figure 1a shows "Calcium Carbonate crystals" magnified
250 times. In figure 1b, DEQUEST 2016 was added at the
®
level of 5 ppm and the crystal distortion effect is clearly
Fig 2: Threshold, Turbidity and Sequestration
seen.
regions of Phosphonates.
Fig 1b
Turbidity Region
Turbidity
Fig 1a
Effect pf pH
A
Threshold
Region
Effect of Temp
B
Sequestration
Region
C
Increasing molar ratio Phosphonate/Calcium
The “threshold effect” provided by DEQUEST® products is
known to operate for many different precipitating systems
such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, strontium
sulphate, barium sulphate and others.
4
5
Introductory Brochure
5.2 - Sequestration
Sequestration (or chelation) is the formation of a stable,
water-soluble complex of a sequestrant with a metal ion.
With sequestration, there is usually a one-to-one
molecular balance between the chelant and the ion.
Although an expensive way of preventing scale build-up,
sequestration is an excellent way to capture and hold low
levels of unwanted heavy metals in solution.
5.3 - Dispersion
Dispersion (deflocculation) prevents the agglomeration or
“lumping together” of growing crystals and other solids in
aqueous solutions.
6 Special DEQUEST® phosphonates
grades
7 Ready-to-Use Solutions
A number of special DEQUEST phosphonates grades are
ready-to-use antiscalants and associated services (i.e.:
available which have been developed for specific
“Corola T”
applications. These include
needs of desalination industries.
®
DEQUEST® 2000
LC,
a
low
chloride
grade
of
Italmatch Chemicals S.p.A. has developed a full range of
Product Selection Software) that meet the
Moreover, functional solutions commercialized under the
DEQUEST® 2000, specifically developed for applications
DEQUEST®
in which chlorides could cause corrosion of stainless steel
requirements for the paper and pulp industries and the
(stabilisation of peroxides solutions).
industrial detergents producers. Italmatch Chemicals
FS
product
range
meet
the
specific
S.p.A. “ready-to-use” products are based on DEQUEST®
DEQUEST®
2000
EG,
a
purified
grade
of
water additives. Individual product data sheets are
available upon request.
DEQUEST 2000 for electronics applications.
®
DEQUEST® 2000 LA, a low ammonia grade of DEQUEST®
5.4 - Corrosion control (for DEQUEST®
Phosphonates only)
2000, specifically developed for high pH applications in
which ammonia gases cause smell problems.
Corrosion occurs when a metal is attacked by oxygen in
DEQUEST®
water; this is a near-universal problem in water systems.
DEQUEST® 2010, specifically developed for applications
Phosphonates act as Cathodic corrosion inhibitor and in
in which chlorides could cause corrosion of stainless steel
combination with zinc or phosphates, are highly effective
(stabilisation of peroxides solutions).
2010
LC,
a
low
chloride
grade
of
in inhibiting mild steel corrosion. The effect of these
combinations is much greater than the effect of any
For our special grades for cosmetics, please refer to our
component by itself. Synergistic corrosion inhibition is
"Turpinal" brochure.
also seen with molybdate, nitrate and most of the other
corrosion inhibitors and combinations. DEQUEST® 2000
has been found to be particularly effective in systems
where efficient corrosion control is required.
6
7
Product
Chemical name
DEQUEST® 2000
DEQUEST® 2006
DEQUEST® 2010
Amino tris (methylenephosphonic acid)
DEQUEST® 2016
DEQUEST® 2016D
DEQUEST® 2016DG
1-Hydroxyethylidene (1,1-diphosphonic acid)
DEQUEST® 6004
DEQUEST® 7000
Proprietary
phosphonate
composition
2-Phosphono
1,2,4-butane
tricarboxylic acid
Abbreviation
ATMP
Na5ATMP
HEDP
Na4HEDP
Na4HEDP
Na4HEDP
Product form
Acid solution
Pentasodium salt
solution
Acid solution
Tetrasodium salt
solution
Tetrasodium salt
powder
Tetrasodium salt
granule
Potassium salt
solution
Appearance
Clear water white
to pale yellow
aqueous solution
Clear water white
to pale yellow
aqueous solution
Clear water white
to pale yellow
aqueous solution
Clear water white
to pale yellow
aqueous solution
White free flowing
powder
White free flowing
granule
Clear water white
Pale yellow solution to pale yellow
aqueous solution
21 (as acid)
59 (as acid)
59 (as acid)
30 (as salt)
84 (as salt)
84 (as salt)
DEQUEST® 2046 (1)
DEQUEST® 2047 (1)
Ethylenediamine tetra
(methylene phosphonic acid)
DEQUEST® 2054
DEQUEST® 2060S
DEQUEST® 2066A
Hexamethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid)
DEQUEST® 2066
DEQUEST® 2066C2
DEQUEST® 4066
Diethylenetriamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid)
PBTC
Na5EDTMPA
Na/CaEDTMPA
K6HDTMPA
DTPMPA
DTPMPA.PN
Acid solution
Pentasodium salt
solution
Sodium/Calcium
salt powder
Hexapotassium
solution
Acid solution
Clear to pale yellow Off-white free
aqueous solution
flowing powder
Clear to pale yellow Clear, brown
aqueous solution
aqueous solution
25 (as acid)
23 (as acid)
Na7DTPMPA
DEQUEST® 2086
DEQUEST® 2090
Proprietary
polyaminophosphonate
Bis-hexamethylenetri-amine phosphonate
Na7DTPMPA
Na7DTPMPA
K6HDTMPA
BHMT Phosphonate
Partly neutralized
Heptasodium salt
sodium salt solution solution
Heptasodium salt
solution
Heptasodium salt
proprietary granule
Sodium salt
solution
Acid solution
Clear, dark amber
aqueous solution
Clear amber
aqueous solution
Off-white granule
Clear amber
solution
Dark amber
solution.
32 (as acid)
22 (as acid)
30 (as acid)
45 (as acid)
Clear amber
aqueous solution
Physical & chemical Properties
29 (as acid)
Active [%] content
50 (as acid)
Molecular weight
299
409
206
294
294
294
Mean particle size [µ]
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
100 min
400 – 800
Specific gravity @
20/20°C
1.33
1.42
1.45
1.31
0.65 – 0.95 g/cm³
(bulk density)
pH (1% at 25°C)
<2
10 - 11
<2
10 - 12
11 - 12
N.A.
40 (as salt)
60 (as acid)
40 (as salt)
50 (as acid)
31 (as salt)
32-36 (as acid)
33 (as salt)
721
25 (as acid)
50 (as acid)
47 (as acid)
573
617 (approx.)
727
727
727
739
685
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
150 min
N.A.
N.A.
32 (as salt)
270
546
597
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
100 min
0.65 – 1.10 g/cm³
(bulk density)
1.41
1.28
1.32
0.70 – 1.20 g/cm³
(bulk density)
1.29
1.42
1.41
1.29
1.4
0.60 – 0.80 g/cm³
(bulk density)
1.33
1.23
11 - 12
10 - 12
1.8 - 1.9
6-8
11.4 – 12.8
6-8
<2
2–3
6-8
6-8
6-8
5.5 - 6.0 (as is)
<2
- 15
-14
N.A.
-18
-25
-20
-14
< -15
< -15
<5
17 – 21
4 max
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<8
DEQUEST® 7000
Freezing point [°C]
-15
-21
-25
It is recommended
that Dequest® 2016
N.A.
is maintained above
+5°C at all times
Chloride [%Cl]
<1
<1
< 0.1
< 0.1
< 0.1
< 0.1
<1
Iron [ppm Fe]
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
20 max
< 65
Moisture [%]
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
6 - 10
6 - 10
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
17.5 max
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4-6
N.A.
N.A.
Functional Properties
CaC03 Inhibition
Excellent
Excellent
Poor
Excellent
Good
Fair
Very Good
Poor
Very Good
CaSO4 inhibition
Good
Poor
Poor
Poor
Very Good
Excellent
Excellent
Very Good (acidic)
Very Good
Ca3(PO4)2 inhibition
CaC2O4 inhibition
Very Good
Very Good
BaSO4 inhibition
CaF2 inhibition
Calcium tolerance
Iron control
Sequestration
Steel corrosion
inhibition (formulated)
8
Good
Very Good
Very Good
Good
Very Good
Very Good (acidic)
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good (acidic)
Very Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Poor
Good
Very Good
Good
Very Good
Good
Poor
Good
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Good
Good
Good
Good
Excellent
Poor
Excellent
Excellent
Very good
Poor
Good
Very Good
Good
Very Good
Cooling water, boilers, pool stain prevention, metal ion control, laundry and
dishwash detergents.
Stabilization of
hypochlorite
solutions. Soil
dispersant in
chlorinated cleaners
and sanitizers.
Recommended
Uses
Cooling water treatment, boiler
treatment, I&I cleaners. General purpose
metal ion control, oil field.
Application Notes
Good general purpose, cost effective
scale inhibitor. Good corrosion inhibition
with zinc and phosphates; Good chelant.
(1) : Not for sales in North America. - PN : Partial Neutralized.
Noted for its excellent CaCO3 scale inhibition and chlorine stability.
Excellent
The only metal
chelant stable
in hypochlorite
environment.
Specially designed for
calcium scale control
Detergents, peroxide bleach
in highly stressed
stabilization, I&I cleaners, geothermal,
alkaline industrial
oil field, cement retardation.
water treatemnt and
Industrial cleaning.
Very good chlorine
stability
Good general purpose scale inhibitor.
Powerful sequestrant. Good deflocculant
for cement.
9
Boiler treatment,
reverse osmosis,
desalination.
Excellent CaSO4
inhibitor.
Recommended in
systems with high
alkalinity and pH.
Cooling water treatment, detergent, peroxide bleach stabilization,
I&I cleaners, geothermal, oil field, textile.
Good general purpose scale inhibitor.
Powerful sequestrant. Very good BaSO4 scale inhibitor.
Good
Good
Excellent
Pulp and paper
Oil field,
processing. Oil field. geothermal, Mining.
Recommended for
Caclium Oxalate
and BaSO4 scale
control.
Recommended for
scale control above
140°C in squeeze or
continuous injection
applications.
10
Product
DEQUEST® PB11620
DEQUEST® PB11625
Chemical name
DEQUEST® PB11620D
DEQUEST® PB11625D
DEQUEST® P9000
Carboxymethyl Inulin
DEQUEST® P9000C
Homopolymer of Maleic Acid
DEQUEST® P9100
DEQUEST® P9110
DEQUEST® P9110C
Phosphino-carboxylic acid Polymer
DEQUEST® 9200
DEQUEST® 9300
DEQUEST® 9400
DEQUEST® 9500
DEQUEST® 9510
Modified Polyacrylic Acid
Sulphonated Polyacrylaic
Acid Copolymer
Terpolymers of Maleic
Acid
Sulphonated Polyphosphino Carboxylic Acid
Polymer.
AA/AMPS
MA/NI
S-PCA
S-PCA
Abbreviation
CMI
CMI
CMI
CMI
HPMA
HPMA
PCA
PCA
PCA
PAA
Product form
Sodium salt solution
Sodium salt solution
Sodium salt solution
Sodium salt solution
Acid aqueous solution
Acid aqueous solution
Acid aqueous solution
Acid aqueous solution
Acid aqueous solution
Neutral aqueous solution Acid aqueous solution
Acid aqueous solution
Acid aqueous solution
Acid aqueous solution
Appearance
Brown liquid
Brown liquid
Clear amber solution
Clear amber solution
Clear brown solution
Clear brown solution
Clear amber solution
Clear amber solution
Clear amber solution
Clear pale yellow liquid
Clear pale yellow liquid
Yellow amber solution
Clear to slightly turbid
yellow solution
Clear pale yellow liquid
Physical & chemical Properties
Active content [%]
20% min as sodium salts 15% min as sodium salts 20% min as sodium salts 15% min as sodium salts 50 (as acid)
70 (as acid)
38 - 42 (active solids)
38 - 42 (active solids)
48 - 52 (active solids)
43 - 45 (active solids)
42 - 46 (active solids)
40 - 45 (active solids)
47 - 53 (active solids)
47 - 53 (active solids)
Degree of substituition
2
2.5
2
2.5
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
pH (as is at 20°C)
7 - 10
7 - 10
7 - 10
7 - 10
<2
<2
4.0 - 4.5
3.5 - 5.0
3.5 - 5.0
6.5 - 8.5
3.5 - 4.5
<2
1.5 - 3.0
1.5 - 3.0
Chloride [%Cl]
8% Max
10% Max
8% Max
10% Max
1.20
1.22
1.20
1.20
1.25
1.30 (25°)
1.20 (25°)
1.18 (25°)
1.22 - 1.26 (25°)
1.22 - 1.28 (25°C)
18 - 50
650 - 1000
28 - 80
90 - 200
500 - 2000
200 - 600
< 200
15 - 100
240 - 500
240 - 450
N.A.
N.A.
1.61
0.8
0.9
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
0.95 - 1.00
0.95 - 1.00
Density at 20°C [g/cm3]
1.25
1.25
Viscosity [cPs at 25°C]
Phosphorous Content [w/w%]
Colour, APHA 10wt% Aqueous
Solution
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
< 300
< 300
Functional Properties
CaC03 Inhibition
Very Good
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
CaSO4 inhibition
Excellent
Very Good
Very Good
Good
Very Good
Ca3(PO4)2 inhibition
Good
Good
Good
Excellent
CaC2O4 inhibition
Good
Excellent
Good
BaSO4 inhibition
Very Good
Silicate inhibition
Excellent
Excellent
Very Good
Excellent
Very Good
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good
Good
Good
Excellent
Calcium tolerance
Excellent
Excellent
Very Good
Very Good
Excellent
Excellent
Very Good
Excellent
Excellent
Clay/Silt Dispersion
Very Good
Very Good
Very Good
Excellent
Very Good
Excellent
Very Good
Excellent
Excellent
Very Good
Excellent
Very Good
Excellent
Very Good
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Very Good
Excellent
Excellent
Yes
Yes
Iron Oxide Dispersion
Thermal Stability
FDA Approval
Recommended
Uses
Application Notes
11
Good
Good
Very Good
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Industrial water treatment. Domestic and Industrial detergents and cleaners. Secondary oil recovery.
Calcium carbonate, calcium and barium sulphate scale inhibition. The environmental friendly profile of
CMI is particularly suited for applications where standard polyacrylates are not adapted.
Industrial water treatment. Thermal desalination.
Industrial water treatment, Industrial cleaners, Pulp & Paper, Mining;
Geothermal, I&I
Industrial water treatment
Industrial water treatment, Industrial water treatment Industrial water treatment,
especially zinc and
Industrial water treatment.
Pulp and paper. Industrial especially cooling water.
laundry and Industrial
phosphate based
cleaner.
Geothermal. Mining.
Cleaning I&I.
treatment programs.
Excellent inhhibitor of hardness scale and
suspended solids. Can be further boosted by
combination with Dequest® phosphonates.
Good general purpose scale inhibitor with wide application range. Chlorine
stable and uses in high pH cleaning formulations. Effective for BaSO4 and
Calcium Oxalate scale control in Pulp and Paper process. Good iron oxide
dispersant in boiler water treatment.
Allows cooling water
Elimates deposits due to
treatment to operate
iron, manganese, silt, clay,
at higher cycles and in
zinc and other inorganics.
alkaline conditions.
12
Enhance zinc based
cooling water treatment
performance. Good
Calcium Carbonate and
Calcium Oxalate inhibition
at alkaline condition of
P&P mills.
Excellent CaCO3 Inhibition
and silica dispesion.
Effective Calcium
Phosphate inhibition and
iron oxide/silt dispersion.
Good corrosion protection
for mild steel.
Excellent in stabilization
of the zinc program of
cooling water treatment.
Excellent dispersion for
I&I application and iron
oxide/silt dispersion.
13
Introductory Brochure
8 Applications
Due to their wide range of functional properties DEQUEST®
products have been used in many applications in
numerous industries. Some of them are listed below.
• Acid cleaners
• Boiler cleaning
• Boiler water treatment
• Bottle washing compounds
• Cement modification
• Ceramics
• Cooling water treatment
• Cosmetics/Shampoos
• Dairy cleaners
• Desalination operations
• Electroplating
• Geothermal water treatment
• Household detergents and cleaners
• Hypochlorite bleach stabilization
9 Important use considerationsof DEQUEST® phosphonates
DEQUEST® phosphonates and chlorine
DEQUEST® phosphonates high dosage levels
Chlorine is a common oxidizer and biocide widely used in
Like many other scale inhibitors, DEQUEST® phosphonates
bleaches, cleaning compounds, cooling towers and
give best cost/performance at low concentrations around
swimming pools.
1 to 20 ppm active acid. Higher levels can cause unwanted
calcium phosphonate precipitation, also known as
Amino Phosphonates quickly decompose in the presence
“turbidity”. The concentration at which precipitation
of chlorine and are not suited for such applications. Non-
begins differs for every combination of pH temperature,
2010 and 7000) are
calcium concentration and the type of phosphonate.
stable at typical chlorine levels used in cooling water
Higher pH and increasing calcium levels shift the onset of
treatment. Phosphonates’ reactions with chlorine are
precipitation to lower concentrations of phosphonates.
greatly reduced in the presence of scalant ions and in the
DEQUEST® 2054 has the best tolerance to calcium of any
presence of easily oxidized microorganisms, which chlorine
of the DEQUEST® phosphonates. At normal use conditions
may attack preferentially. Formulation with zinc is one of
in cooling water systems, DEQUEST® phosphonates
the ways to enhance the stability of the phosphonates.
products will neither precipitate nor exhibit turbidity.
Amino phosphonates (DEQUEST
®
DEQUEST® 6004 is the only phosphonate suitable for the
stabilization of alkaline hypochlorite solutions.
• I & I detergents and cleaners
• Metal cleaners
• Metal finishing
• Mining
• Oil field water treatment
• Paper recycling
• Peroxide bleach stabilization
• Pigment dispersion
• Pulp and paper bleaching
• Scale removal
• Swimming pools
• Textile applications
• Vehicle wash
14
15
Introductory Brochure
10 Environmental properties of
DEQUEST® products
11 Toxicity and handling of
DEQUEST® products
12 Quality of DEQUEST® products
Phosphonates are slow to biodegrade in laboratory
DEQUEST® phosphonates, DEQUEST® PB and DEQUEST® P
quality standard ISO 9002.
simulation tests. However, in more realistic die away river
polymers appear to possess no acute toxicological
tests they are rapidly degraded in sunlight and in the
properties that would require special handling other than
In addition, the Newport (UK) Dequest® manufacturing
presence of ferric ions. They are also degraded in soil, and
good hygienic practices. Normal procedures for the safe
site is certified to the Environment Management System
certain Pseudomonas species are known to feed on
handling of industrial chemicals should be employed with
Standard ISO 14001 and to the Occupationed Health
particular care being taken to avoid eye and/or skin
and Safety Management System Standard OHSAS
contact with these materials as supplied.
18001. It also participates in the European Community
phosphonates.
DEQUEST®
phosphonates
do
not
bioaccumulate in aquatic species and are rapidly
DEQUEST® products are covered by certification to
EMAS regulation (Eco Management Audit Scheme)
eliminated by fish. They can be eliminated from waters by
classical water treatment with aluminium sulphate or lime;
Certain grades of DEQUEST have various governmental
which
treatment of drinking water with chlorine or ozone also
approvals for production of potable water, sugar refining,
environmental performance.
destroys phosphonates.
cleaning of dairy or other food equipment and several
Mobilisation of heavy metals from sediments is extremely
other applications. Contact Italmatch Chemicals S.p.A. for
low and phosphonates partition rapidly to sediments from
more specific information regarding your particular
water.
governmental approval question, as new approvals are
®
requires
independent
verification
of
continually being granted.
Carboxymethyl Inulin (DEQUEST® PB) is inherently
biodegradable and shows an extremely low level of human
Also please do not hesitate to contact your Italmatch
and aquatic toxicity.
Chemicals S.p.A. representative for the material safety
data sheet on the DEQUEST® product of interest for more
DEQUEST® P products are not readily biodegradable.
complete information on toxicity, safe handling and first
Based on reasonably extensive literature search on similar
aid procedures.
products, these materials exhibit a low level of
environmental
toxicity
and
are
not
expected
to
bioaccumulate.
16
17
Introductory Brochure
More information
If you would like to obtain more detailed information about ITALMATCH - DEQUEST® products or are interested in
obtaining a sample for evaluation in your system, please contact your nearest Italmatch representative or visit our
websites: www.dequest.com or www.grschemtec.com
Belgium
Italmatch BelgiUM SPRL
Pegasuslaan 5
1831 Diegem
Belgium
Tel: +32 (0)27 09 22 01
info@italmatchgroup.com
CHINA OFFICE
ITALMATCH INTERNATIONAL TRADING
(SHANGHAI) CO., LTD
Room 703, Pine City,
8 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District,
Shanghai 200032
P.R. China
Tel: +86 21 3469 1871
Fax: +86 21 3469 1872
infoasia@italmatchgroup.com
JAPAN OFFICE
ITALMATCH JAPAN LTD
Burex Kojimachi 5F,
3-5-2 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 102-0083
Japan
Tel: +81 3 5210 3811
Fax: +81 3 5210 3830
infoasia@italmatchgroup.com
Italy
(Europe/ Africa/ Middle East Customer
Service Center)
(Marketing and Center of excellence)
Italmatch Chemicals SpA
Via Vismara 114
20020 Arese
Italy
Tel: +39 02 93525237
Fax: +39 02 93525496
customercare@italmatchgroup.com
GRS chemical technologies srl
Tel: +39 02 93525223
Fax: +39 02 93525496
customercare@italmatchgroup.com
info@italmatchgroup.com
SINGAPORE OFFICE
(asia pacific head office)
ITALMATCH SINGAPORE PTE LTD
No. 1 Kim Seng Promenade
#17-02 Great World City East Tower
Singapore 237994
Tel: +65 6235 6483
Fax: +65 6836 4534
infoasia@italmatchgroup.com
North America Head office
Italmatch USA Corp.
660 White Plains Road,
Suite 510, Tarrytown
NY 10591 USA
Tel: +1 914 333 5604
Fax: +1 914 333 5608
info@Italmatchgroup.com
The information in this bulletin is to the best of our knowledge true and accurate but all instructions, recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee. Since the
conditions of use are beyond their control, Italmatch Chemicals S.p.A. and its subsidiaries disclaim any liability for loss or damage suffered from use of these data and suggestions.
Furthermore, no liability is accepted if use of any product in accordance with these data or suggestions infringes any patent.