BIOLOGY F4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY AND LABORATORY RULES 1. What does biology mean? A detailed study of living things in the natural environment ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. List three fields of Biology and the development in those fields. Botany to study plant life, microbiology to study microorganisms and genetics ………………………………………………………………………………………….. to study of inheritance and genetic variation. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Choose one development in the field of biology and discuss its contributions to humans. Pharmaceutical because it can maintain health and prevent dangerous disease …………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. Name five careers that are related to the fields of biology. Doctor, wildlife biologist, biology teacher and scientist …………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. State three examples of personal protective equipment in the lab and their functions. Goggles to protect the eyes from hazardous chemicals, laboratory gloves to …………………………………………………………………………………………. handle biological samples and face mask to protect against smoke, vapour and dust …………………………………………………………………………………………. that can affect the respiratory system. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. After conducting an experiment, you are given a task to manage the disposal of Category B biological waste (non-sharp wastes). Think of the best way so that the biological waste does not affect the environment. Packed first in autoclave resistant biohazard plastic bags, sterilised in an ………………………………………………………………………………………….. autoclave for decontamination, and then placed into a biohazard bin. Biohazard ………………………………………………………………………………………….. plastic bags cannot be thrown into regular waste baskets. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7. An accident has occurred in the laboratory involving mercury spills. Explain the steps in handling the mercury spills. first inform your teacher, then declare the spill area as a restricted zone. After ………………………………………………………………………………………….. that, sprinkle sulphur to cover the mercury spills and lastly, call the fire and rescue ………………………………………………………………………………………….. department. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. Chemicals must be handled with care to avoid unwanted accidents. List steps for proper handling of chemicals. 1. inform your teacher ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. Declare the spill area as restricted zone ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Prevent the chemical spill from spreading using sand ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. Scoop up the chemical spill using appropriate equipment ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. dispose it safely 9. State five characteristics that a biological drawing must have. Large and accurate; use a sharp pencil and not a colour pencil or pen, ………………………………………………………………………………………….. not shaded artistically, lines drawn must be clear, clean and continuous, A detailed ………………………………………………………………………………………….. drawing shows the cells in a structure and drawings must have titles ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. State three main planes that are used for observation of the structure of an organism. sagittal plane, frontal plane and horizontal plane ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11. List the steps in a scientific investigation. first identifying problems that can be tested using a scientific investigation. Then, ………………………………………………………………………………………….. forming a hypothesis and identifying and controlling variables and data collection ………………………………………………………………………………………….. method. After that, planning and carrying out a scientific investigation and then ………………………………………………………………………………………….. collecting data. Then, interpreting data and forming a conclusion. Last but not least, ………………………………………………………………………………………….. writing a report. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………..