Medications
Cold symptoms
● Antihistamines (H1 blockers)
○ 1st generation
■ diphenhydramine
○ 2nd generation
■ Loratidine
● Decongestants (nasal)
○ Oxymetazoline
○
Pseudoephedrine (can decrease effect of beta blockers)
○
Phenylephrine
○
tetrahydrozoline
● Intranasal glucocorticoids (steroids)
○ Fluticasone
○ Beclomethasone
○ Flunisolide
○ Budesonide
○ Mometasone
○ Triamcinolone
● Antitussives
○ Dextromethorphan*
○ Guaifenesin
○ Codeine
○ Benzonatate
● Expectorants
○ Guaifenesin
○ Dextromethorphan
—
Sinusitis
● Rest, acetaminophen, fluids, systemic/nasal decongestants
● Antibiotics in severe cases
Acute pharyngitis
● If streptococcal, antibiotics
● Acetaminophen, lozenges (candy), fluid, saline gargles
COPD: asthma
● Bronchodilators
○ Sympathomimetics
■ Epinephrine (A1, B1, B2)
■ Atropine (B2)
○ Parasympatholytics
■ Tiotropium Bromide (spiriva)
○ Methylxanthines
■ Theophylline
● Glucocorticoids (steroids)
○ “-sones/-lones”
○ MDI inhaler, tablet, IV
● Leukotrienes modifiers
○ Montelukast (singulair)
● Cromolyn
—
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomiting
● Antiemetic
○ Nonprescription
■ 1st generation antihistamines:
● Bismuth subsalicylate
● Meclizine hydrochloride
● Dimenhydrinate
○ Prescription
■ Antihistamines & Anticholinergic
● Antihistamine: hydroxyzine (atarax)
○
Hydroxyzine can also be used for motion sickness, anxiety,
vertigo
● Anticholinergic: scopolamine
■ Dopamine antagonists
● Phenothiazines
○ Promethazine (phenergan) <!>
○ Prochlorperazine (compazine)
● Butyrophenones
○ Droperidol
● Benzodiazepine
○ Lorazepam
■ Serotonin antagonists
● Odansetron
● Granisetron
● Dolasetron
■ Benzodiazepines (esp. For cancer pts before chemo)
■ Glucocorticoids
● Dexamethasone
● Methylprednisolone
■ Cannabinoids
● Dronabinol <!>
■ Miscellaneous
● Metoclopramide
● Trimethobenzamide
Diarrhea
● Antidiarrheals
○ Opiates and opiate related agents
■ Diphenoxylate
■ Difenoxin
■ Loperamide
○ Adsorbents
○ miscs.
Constipation
● Laxatives
○ Osmotic (saline)
■ Lactulose
■ Magnesium citrate
■ Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350
○ Stimulants (irritants)
■ Bisacodyl
■ Senna
○ Bulk-forming
■ Polycarbophil
■ Polyethylene glycol
■ Methylcellulose
■ psyllium
○ Emollient (stool softeners)
■ Docusate calcium
■ Docusate sodium
Poisoning
● Emetics
—
Peptic ulcers
● Antacids
○ Sodium bicarbonate
○ Calcium carbonate
○ Magnesium hydroxide
○ Aluminum hydroxide
● H2 blockers
○ Cimetidine
○ Famotidine
○ Nizatidine
● Proton Pump inhibitors
○ Omeprazole
○ Lansoprazole
● Pepsin inhibitors
○ Sucralfate
● Prostaglandin analogue
○ Misoprostol