A REVIEW ON JAMUN- A MIRACLE PLANT PACKED WITH NUTRACEUTICAL
AND THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS
ABSTRACT
Traditional food system plays a significant role in maintaining the well-being and health of
People. These traditional food concepts of mankind have been changed drastically in our
society because of our contemporary lifestyle. Many evidences inform us evidently that the
traditional food base and knowledge of People are being eroded. This has resulted in the use
of fewer traditional foods, decreased dietary diversity and consequently poor health status.
The knowledge of the traditional food system can change this scenario. This current review
study describes the beneficial medicinal properties of a forgotten functional food , the
Jamun. The nutritive and the therapeutic value of all the parts of Jamun trees including
stems, flowers, seeds, fruits have been highlighted. Awareness created on this traditional
functional food can contribute to create a healthy society to build strong nation.
Key words: Jamun, medicinal properties , health benefits, Indian blackberry
Introduction:Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.), a seasonal and perishable fruit, indigenous to India, grows
mainly in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. The fruit is rich in minerals and
phytochemicals, sweet and sour in taste with little astringency attributed to its high tannin
content, and shows high antioxidant potential heading towards its therapeutic effects (Sehwag
and Das 2014). Jamun is a very nutritious summer fruit in India that an significant source
of nutraceuticals having many medicinal properties . The fruit is commonly called the
Indian blackberry, Java plum, black plum, jamun or jambolan. These fruits act as wonder
fruits in providing resistance against many of the health hazards. Ancient medicinal recipes
in India, the backbone of Indian pharmaceutical industry describes the beneficial medicinal
properties of all the parts of Jamun trees including stems, flowers, seeds, fruits. Many
research works have highlighted the fact that Jamun is a rich source of several important
phytochemicals and other biochemical compounds. Still, Jamun remained as an underexploitable crop or underutilised crop. Hence this review study is planned to promote
awareness of the health benefits of Jamun so that we can go towards a healthy society.
Nutritive properties Health benefits
These blackberries are highly suitable for diabetic patients as they contain very low
amount of calories. The fruits are also rich in vitamins, minerals like iron, magnesium,
potassium, iron and fibre. These fruits are recommended by Ayurveda and Unani for treating
various heart diseases, high sugar level, asthma, stomach pain and dysentery. the fruits are
reported to have unique antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antioxidant properties. Joshi et
al., (2001) has reported the special capability of fruits in providing resistance against
malaria, cough, cold and bronchitis and controlling Kapha and pitta and curing piles. High
content of iron is also reported in these fruits. Warrier et al., 1996 has reported the presence
of high vitamin C content. Ramya et al., (2012) has informed that women of Surinam use
Jamun leaves for the contraction of vagina after delivery. Apart from fruits other parts like
leaves, bark, seed, flowers and roots are also rich source of several bioactive compounds like
antioxidants, flavanoids, phenolics, carotenoids and vitamins. Thus these can be used
efficiently against hypoglycaemic, antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-HIV, anti-cancer, antiinflammatory properties. It is also used as a potential source of medicine in both ayurveda
and unani system. The leaves help in strengthening gums and also for controlling
constipation. The fruit mixture of Jamun and mango is a effective thirst quencher in the
diabetic patient.
Anti-diabetic properties
Gajera et al. (2017) [21] has confirmed that seeds have more antioxidant and anti-diabetic
property. Raza et al. (2017)and Butt et al. (2017) fruits and seed extracts of Jamun can
regulate insulin level. (Katiyar et al., 2007) reported that Jamun is rich in iron.
Medicinal properties
The presence of phyto chemical and bioactive compounds and therapeutic
compounds have been reported. The phyto chemical analysis carried out by Lewis et al.
(1956) . Jamun fruits reveal that it is a rich source of anthocyanin, glucosides, ellagic acid,
isoquercetin, kaemferol, myrecetin etc. The earlier reports of Nadkarni et al.,(1954) Chopra
et al.,(1956) Bhatia et al. (1975) inform clearly that phytochemicals in Jamun seeds are
jambosine, gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin, quercetin, β-sitostero etc. Flowers are reported
to be rich in rich in oleanolic acid (Sagarwat et al.,2006) .Astringency or sourness of fruit is
due to gallic acid and tannins. Vaishnava et al. (1992) has described that roots also contain
several flavanoids and glycosides.
Cho et al. (2017) reported the presence of bioactive compounds, the Terpenes which
provide pleasant flavour and used in Food and Pharmaceutical industry. Shashank et al.
(2013) has analysed the Flavanoids. Sehwag et al. (2016) carried out the biochemical
analysis of minerals like potassium, sodium, magnesium, total dietary fibres and calcium.
Ruan et al. (2008) [44] has reported the antioxidant property of phenolic compounds such
as ferulic acid and catechin in Jamun leaves. Elphadil et al. (2015) found that Jamun leaves
have significant antimicrobial activity.
Anti-diabetic properties
Gajera et al. (2017) has confirmed that seeds have more antioxidant and anti-diabetic
property. Raza et al. (2017)and Butt et al. (2017) fruits and seed extracts of Jamun can
regulate insulin level.(Katiyar et al., 2007) reported that Jamun is rich in iron.
Anti-diarrhoeal property Shamkumar et al. (2012) found that aqueous Jamun seed extracts
caused a significant and dose-dependent anti-diarrhoeal effect.
Jamun has the unique capacity to destroy bad bacterias inside the stomach as reported by
Bhowmik et al, 2013 .
Anticancer property
Afify et al. (2011) and Aquil et al. (2016) has proved the anticancer activities of Jamun fruit
extracts.
Anti-inflammatory property
Anti-inflammatory property was confirmed by the results of Jain et al. (2008) and Kumar et
al. (2010).Anupam Kumar et al., (2017) conducted an experiment to analyse various
antioxidants and antibacterial property from extracts of Jamun seeds AND Gowri et al.,
(2010) Bhanuprakash et al., (2008) ,(Sood et al., 2012) Singh et al., (1972) has found that the
extract of Jamun leaves and bark had antiviral property. Afshah et al. (2016) confirmed the
antifungal property of Jamun bark and leaves. Jonnalagadda et al. (2013) found that seed
kernels carried antiulcer activity.
Anti-anemic property
Aqueous jamun seed extracts have the property to cure anemia as it increases the level of iron
in the body. (Prince et al., 1998) .
Anti-pyretic effect
Mahapatra et al. (1986) reported that the seed extracts of jamun (5,1 and 2mg/kg) had
antipyretic property
Radioprotective effect
Jagetia et al. (2002) confirmed the disease controlling effect of Jamun leaves against the
radiation-induced DNA damage.
Anti-hyperlipidemic effect
Sharma et al (2008) demonstrated that the seed extracts of Jamun had excellent anti-hyperlipidemic property in mice.
effect of Jamun leaves against the radiation-induced DNA damage.
Anti-allergic property
Brito et al. (2007) confirmed that the anti-allergic property. Methanolic extracts of dried
Jamun seeds had antiallergic property. (Mahapatra et al., 1986).
Anti eosinophill effect
Brito et al., (2007) again confirmed that due to impairment of eotaxin and IL-5 production,
there was an anti-eosinophill effect of leaf extracts on Jamun.
Anti-arthritis effect
Eshwarappa et al., (2014) found that Jamun leaf gall extracts has some antioxidant property
for curing for arthritis.
Antiulcer property
Ulcer is a detrimental disease and it was found that the seeds of Jamun had ulcer curing
capability in diabetic rats. (Chaturvedi et al., 2007)
Impact on Nanotechnology
The seed extract of Syzygium cumini used as reducing agent for nanoparticle production. The
leaf extract also used as capping and reducing agent in the synthesis of silver nano particles
(Ram Prasad et al., 2012) The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles was studied
against Escherichia coli MTCC 1302, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 740, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa MTCC 2295, and Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 9555(Ram Prasad et al., 2012) .
As compared to the others, conventional approaches for the green production of metal
nanoparticles of Jamun helps in the simple, sustainable, non-toxic, economic and energyeffective production of nanoparticles. Recently one research suggests that iron (Fe), copper
(Cu) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) formation from the extract of Syzygium cumini
leaves (Asghar et al., 2020) .
Conclusion
The traditional uses of Jamun are well-known in Ayurveda and it has tremendous health
benefits over several diseases. The fruits, seeds, leaves and bark of Syzigium cumini possess
many phytochemicals. that are beneficial in treatment of numerous health problems. The
medicinal and nutritional properties of this miracle fruit has been
reported by many
resarchers. Finally, we could say that Syzigium cumini is a real healing tree to promote the
health of society as well as nation.
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II Seeds of Syzygium cumini have showed as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
antibacterial, antidiabetic activities (Agarwala, P et al., 2019) [2].Jamun seed were assessed
for their chemical
composition such as moisture, crude fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, crude
fiber and ash as (53, 1.02, 3.84, 31.62, 7.01 and 1.51 g/100g), respectively.
The values for vitamins presence of vitamins A (3 IU/100g), vitamins B3
(0.09 mg/100g) and vitamins C (0.21 mg/100g) were found in jamun seed.
The values for minerals presence of iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous,
potassium and zinc in jamun seed powder was (0.140, 0.651, 0.010, 0.072,
1. Jamun, its medicinal properties and health benefits
Unani System of Medicine (USM) is being practised as traditional,
alternative and complementary medicine in India and other countries. In this
system of medicine, medicinal plants are extensively used in the treatment of
various kinds of diseases since time immemorial. Jamun (Syzygium cumini
Linn) is one of the medicinal plants used for therapeutic purposes in diabetes
mellitus, hemorrhagic diarrhoea, and bilious diarrhoea, loss of appetite,
dysentery and oral ulcer. In recent past its fruits, seeds, leaves, stem bark and
its secondary metabolites have shown medicinal properties in various
experimental and clinical studies. The ethno-botanical uses and
pharmacological actions described in classical literature and scientific
publications based on experimental studies of jamun and its seeds were
reviewed. It was found that this plant plays an important role in prevention
and management of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes
mellitus, cancer, gout, heart disease etc. Several preclinical studies have
revealed that it has anti-inflammatory, cardio protective, anti-pyretic and
hepatotonic properties. It also possesses anti-diabetic potential activity and
considered as a potent anti-diabetic plant (Ahmad, N., et al., 2019) [14].
The physicochemical, proximate, vitamins and minerals composition of
Jamun seed was investigated where it was reported that jamun contains
enough amounts of protein, fat, appreciable amount of vitamin C (ascorbic
acid) and minerals (Iron, Calcium and Potassium). Thus, Jamun seed can be
utilized for development of functional food products (Kshirsagar, R. B., et
al., 2019) [3]. The nutritional effect of Indian blackberry biscuits in reducing
the BMI and WHR among Type 2 diabetes were showed and was proven
that medicinal properties of jamun and its extract makes it a wholesome
ingredient for regular consumption (Lakshmi, E., 2018) [15]. The potential
benefits of the major bioactive compounds present in jamun to
prevent/reduce metabolic abnormalities and various diseases were reviewed.
These bioactive compounds are myricetin, oxalic acid, gallic acid,
citronellol, cyanidin diglucoside, hotrienol, phytosterols, flavonoids,
carotenoids and polyphenols as well as micronutrients, accounting for
numerous health benefits (Chhikara, N., et al., 2018) [16].
16.07 and 0.009 mg/100g), respectivelyThe values for vitamins presence of vitamins A (3
IU/100g), vitamins B3
(0.09 mg/100g) and vitamins C (0.21 mg/100g) were found in jamun seed.
The values for minerals presence of iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous,
potassium and zinc in jamun seed powder was (0.140, 0.651, 0.010, 0.072,
16.07 and 0.009 mg/100g), respectively. Thus, it was concluded that these
jamun seed traditional medicinal plants provide good source of nutrients viz.,
protein, fibres, vitamins and minerals (Kshirsagar, R.B., et al., 2019) [3].
Jamuns (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) are considered to be functional foods
owing to their anti-diabetic and anti-ulcer effects. The extract of dried seeds
of Eugenia jambolana (EJE) is globally marketed as constituent of
polyherbal formulations for the treatment of diabetes. It was reported that
many patient consumed EJE as home remedy along with standard treatment
with oral hypoglycemics for the better management of the chronic metabolic
disorder (Vora, A., et al., 2019) [17]. The preponderance of medicinal,
pharmacological, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, antiviral and hepatoprotective
attributes available in jamun plant parts support the fact that
jamun is a highly health beneficial fruit. The positive effects can not only be
harnessed by utilizing the fresh fruit but also be making available by
utilization and consumption of processed products. Studies have suggested
the usefulness of the bioactive compounds present in jamun (Syzygium
cumini) in mitigating the various illnesses related with cardiac,
gastrointestinal and nervous system. The pharmacological effects available
in jamun are attributed due to the presence of flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids,
phenyl propanoids, tannins and lipids. Out of all the pharmacological effects,
the antidiabetic activity is most important. Jamun possesses strong
pharmacological properties, which proves this traditional medicinal plant
having plethora of bioactive compounds and studies must be carried out for
further research worth for phytochemical and clinical aspects for
development of safer drugs that can be utilized for treating various human
diseases (Singh, Y., et al., 2019) [18]. It reveals that jamun has various
medicinally important bioactive compounds and justifies their use as a
conventional medication for treatment of different diseases. Overall it was
found that Jamun seeds helps to keep diabetes in check, purifies the blood,
regulates the blood pressure, cures stomach-related problems and helps to
detoxify the body. It prevents the body from many diseases and keeps the
body fit. Consumption of Jamun seed helps to balance the sugar level,
stomach problems etc. One must consume Jamun seeds to provide sufficient
nourishment to the body. Jamun seeds are rich in fibre, minerals, vitamins
and water. Thus, they are extremely beneficial for maintaining the health.
2. Jamun and its antioxidant properties
Syzygium cumini (jamun) commonly known as Malabar plum, Java
plum, or Jamun and its antioxidant properties
Syzygium cumini (jamun) commonly known as Malabar plum, Java
plum, or Black plum. Jamun fruit has been recognized as a nutraceutical fruit
due to presence of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, anthocyanins and total
phenols. Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation. These
compounds help defend our cells from damage caused by potentially harmful
molecules known as free radicals. Wasswa, M., et al., (2019) [19], reviewed the confirmation
of the high levels of phenolics present in the fruit,
especially in the seeds of Jamun and it contains the highest level of
antioxidant such as garlic acid, tannins, anthocyanin, glucoside, malvidin
and other components (except for vitamin C) and TAA (total antioxidant
activity) that are boon for the people dealing with hypertension and it also
helps to regulate blood pressure. Adedapo, A. A., et al., (2019) [20], provided
a comprehensive and concise overview of the clinical trials of antioxidative
natural products from jamun seeds. They concluded that products from
jamun seed extracts are usually believed to be safer, cheaper, easily available
and sometimes more efficacious than purely synthetic drugs. Blackberry is
considered as sources of natural antioxidants and the seeds supply substantial
antioxidants that provide a health promoting and disease preventing effects.
The study suggests that jamun seeds rich in resveratrol and other
antioxidants would help fight against heart related diseases and cancer and
hence has tremendous scope for development of functional beverages
(Shrikanta, A., et al., 2015) [21]. Several other studies revealed that jamun
seeds possess antioxidant properties that are beneficial for human health and (Shrikanta, A.,
et al., 2015) [21]. Several other studies revealed that jamun
seeds possess antioxidant properties that are beneficial for human health and
treating several diseases such as diabetes, cancer, reduces risk of strokes and
coronary diseases. Jamun are recognized as sources of natural antioxidants
and thus play an important role in the chemo prevention of diseases and
aging.
3. Jamun and its anti-inflammatory properties
Anti-inflammatory is the property of a substance or drug that reduces
inflammation. Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce pain partly by reducing
inflammation. People can use these drugs to relieve symptoms of pain,
stiffness, swelling, and fever. Blackberries provide antioxidants known as
anthocyanins. These compounds may reduce inflammation, boost immunity,
and reduce your risk of heart disease. The effects of jamun, including its
extracts and purified anthocyanins, have been the subject of a number of
human trials. The review aims to evaluate the current state of the human
science on blackberry (products) as a source of dietary polyphenols,
particularly anthocyanins, to modulate inflammatory status. Identifying
dietary strategies that manage the modern-day inflammatory burden has
important implications for chronic disease risk reduction and informing
dietary guidelines aimed at achieving and maintaining health (Joseph, S.V.,
et al., 2014) [22]. Pandey, et al., (2002) [23], reported that ethanolic extract of
Syzygium cumini seed has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory
activity against histamine, serotonin and prostaglandin. Yogeswari, et al.,
(2005) [24], reported that seeds of S. cumini have activity like anti inflammatory which has a
same chemical structure with cholesterol and is
very much helpful in reducing blood cholesterol. Jamun contain polyphenols
compounds reported to have anti-inflammatory activity in humans. Among
the most notable polyphenols in black berries are anthocyanins, responsible
for their distinctive colors of red, blue, and purple. Thus, it was observed that
jamun seeds contain anti-inflammatory properties that are beneficial for
maintaining human health and in treatment of heart disease, reduce
inflammation, boost immunity and counter pain, stiff and reducing
cholesterol. Jamun seeds have been studied widely for their antioxidant
properties; however, preclinical data suggest important effects on
inflammatory pathways.
4. Jamun and its anti-diabetic properties
Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine disorders accompanied
with many metabolic syndromes. WHO recommended the use of traditional
medicine for diabetes treatment. Alternative measures using traditional
medicinal agents are considered to achieve lower blood glucose levels, with
minimal side effects and low costs (Jouad H, et al., 2001) [25]. Among those
traditional medicines Black berry is one of the effective traditional plants
which is used in various countries for treatment of diabetes as it is found to
posses anti-diabetic properties. Anti-diabetic properties refer to all the
different types of medicine involved in the treatment of diabetes. All these
agents aim to reduce excessive urination, and ketoacidosis. Jamun is very
effectively long used as a traditional will as preventive measure in the
treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (Singh, Y., et al., 2019) [18]. A study
conducted by Sidana, S., et al, (2017) [26], signify the hypoglycemic effects
of S. cumini seed powder. It was stated that it may emerge as potential
candidate drug for effective control of blood sugar levels in patients of Type
2 Diabetes Mellitus. Joshi, M., et al., (2019) [27], reported that polyphenolic
compounds from the seeds of jamun are effective against diabetes. The seed
helps to convert starch into energy and keep the blood sugar levels into
check. S. cumini and its extracts reduce the symptoms of diabetes like
frequent urination and thirsting. Achrekar, et al., (1991) [28], reported the oral
administration of E. jambolana seed to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
exhibited hypoglycemic effect in 30 minutes which was possibly due to the
stimulation of insulin secretion. According to Karnic, C.K., (1991) [29], the
ethanolic extract of S. cumini has decreased blood sugar level by 20% after
1hour in excessive glucose in rabbits. Numerous other studies in animals
have substantiated the role of jambul in the management of diabetes. Thus it
was observed that different authors used extraction of seeds of S. cumini and
by the investigations they tried to establish about the anti-diabetic activity of
jamun. Prabakaran, k., et al., (2017) [30], demonstrated that the extract of S.
cumini has potent α amylase inhibitor with a higher degree of inhibition. The
results suggested that the S. cumini possess significant anti-diabetic activity.
The study also helps to determine the regional pharmaceutical value of S.
cumini as a traditional medicinal utilization for the management of diabetes.
The extracts of seeds are very much beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.
Jamun is known for its anti-diabetic activity as it has been demonstrated to
be the most promising nutraceutical value as reported by several researchers 5. Jamun, its
anti-microbial and anti- bacterial properties
An antimicrobial are agent that kills micro-organisms or stop their
growth. Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms
they act primarily against. For example: anti biotics are used
against bacteria, and anti fungals are used against fungi. Syzygium cumini
seed extracts has antibacterial and antifungal activity to some microorganisms
and these extracts may be used in treatment of skin wounds
(Valencia, I.C., et al., 2004) [31]. The antibacterial activity observed for S.
cumini thought may be due to the presence of monoterpene aldehydes.
Besides, the fruits have been reported to possess other bioactive compounds
like citric, mallic and gallic acid as well as phytochemicals, such as
anthocyanins, alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins,
which are also known to be effective and play an active role as antibacterial
substances against a wide array of infectious agents. Thus, the study reveals
that Syzygium cumini (jamun) seeds have a great potential for antibacterial
action (Das, S., et al., 2019) [32].
Methanol extracts from S. cumini seeds were tested for antimicrobial
activity and toxicity which showed that the extracts inhibit the growth of
bacteria. A study conducted by Monteiro F. S., et al., (2020) [33], performed
the phyto-chemical analysis and investigated the spasmolytic activity of the
hydro alcoholic extract obtained from S. cumini seeds (EHS-SC).
Spasmolytic activity was combined with antimicrobial and ant diarrheal
activity, where they showed that the seeds have the same secondary
metabolites, signaling the therapeutic potential for the treatment of colic
and/or diarrhea. A study by Elfadil A.G., et al., (2016) [34], successfully
showed that S. cumini extract possess in vitro anti-bacterial activity and
could be used to determine the toxicity and the optimum dose to be used as
effective and compared the activity of the jamun extracts with standard antibiotics.
Oliveira, G.F.D., et al., (2007) [35], showed the anti-microbial activity
of the S. cumini seeds hydroalcoholic extract may be due to tannins and other
Methanol extracts from S. cumini seeds were tested for antimicrobial
activity and toxicity which showed that the extracts inhibit the growth of
bacteria. A study conducted by Monteiro F. S., et al., (2020) [33], performed
the phyto-chemical analysis and investigated the spasmolytic activity of the
hydro alcoholic extract obtained from S. cumini seeds (EHS-SC).
Spasmolytic activity was combined with antimicrobial and ant diarrheal
activity, where they showed that the seeds have the same secondary
metabolites, signaling the therapeutic potential for the treatment of colic
and/or diarrhea. A study by Elfadil A.G., et al., (2016) [34], successfully
showed that S. cumini extract possess in vitro anti-bacterial activity and
could be used to determine the toxicity and the optimum dose to be used as
effective and compared the activity of the jamun extracts with standard antibiotics.
Oliveira, G.F.D., et al., (2007) [35], showed the anti-microbial activity
of the S. cumini seeds hydroalcoholic extract may be due to tannins and otherphenolic
constituents and the folkloric use of this species to treat infectious
diseases stimulated the investigation of the antimicrobial activity of the
hydroalcoholic extract from seeds and leaves against standard and multi drug
resistant Gram- positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria, as
well as against yeasts. Hajoori, M., et al., (2013) [36], investigated the
antimicrobial activity of Eugenia jambolana seeds, that was not utilizing by
population as food and thrown as waste. The aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic,
acetic acid and petroleum ether extracts of the E. jambolana seeds were
evaluated for its antibacterial activity against four gram positive,
(Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus
megaterium) and six gram negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi,
Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Proteus vulgaris) pathogenic strains. The preliminary investigation of
different solvent extracts of jamun shows that aqueous and ethanolic extract
had significant antimicrobial activity against tested microorganism as
compared to acetic acid and petroleum ether extract. Hence, the seeds of
jamun can be used as potential source of antimicrobial agents.
Thus several researches has been conducted and it can be said that S.
cumini and its extracts from seeds and other parts has significant antimicrobial
activity and the extracts can provide cheap and sustainable
methods to ward disease reduction and can eventually improve the quality
and peri-urban in developing countries.
6. Jamun and its anti-cancer properties
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body which
forms a mass of tissues known as tumor. When the body's normal control
mechanism stops working, the old cells instead of dying grows out of
control, forming new, abnormal cells. Cancer is a non-communicable killer
disease, which is second only to cardiovascular disease as far as causes of
human mortality are concerned. Cancer is treated by surgery, radiotherapy or
chemotherapy or a combination of each (or all).Any drug that is effective in
the treatment of malignant, or cancerous, disease are known as anticancer
drugs or properties. There are several major classes of anticancer drugs
which include alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, natural products, and
hormones. Aqil, F., et al., (2014) [37], stated that environmental, dietary, or
lifestyle factors have been linked with increased cancer risks. Therefore,
many scientists are in search for alternatives that are effective, non-toxic, and
cost-effective in prevention and treatment of cancer. The anti-cancer
potential of blackberries/jamun is gaining considerable attention lately due to
the presence of a multitude of bioactive phyto-chemicals, includinganthocyanins and polyphenols. Epidemiological data suggests that intake of
antioxidants via increased consumptions of dark colour fruits like jamun
contributes toward a reduced risk of certain types of cancers. Sharma, V., et
al., (2019) [38], jamun seeds possess certain constituents with cytotoxic
properties that can be used to develop anticancer agents especially for lung
cancer therapy and to provide a great service to cancer patients, further
studies are required for the isolation of active ingredients from these seeds.
Jamun possess anti-neoplastic, radio-protective and chemo-preventive
effects, all of which are useful in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Thus it can be said that jamun seeds contains several cancer countering
attributes and hence the further studies can be reported for the health benefits
of jamun seed as an anti-cancer properties
Conclusion
According to the study, it was reviewed that traditionally, the ayurvedic
science and unani have observed the benefits of jamun seeds. It was
observed that jamun seeds are having anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
and anti-diabetic content and thus are very effective and beneficial
for human health. It was also observed that the jamun seeds are effective to
treat several diseases such as cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, asthma,
arthritis and several stomach disorders. Most pharmacological works were
carried out with jamun seeds but the pharmacological potential of the other
parts of the plant is required to explore in detail. Research are there with
pharmacological actions of phytochemical constituents of jamun seeds
stating the role of jamun seeds in various treatments and recommend that
further phyto-chemical and clinical research should be done on this
traditional fruit and its part for the discovery of safer drugs.
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