WEATHER FORCASTING SYSTEM
A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“WEATHER FORCAST SYSTEM”
Submitted By
Sardeshpande A. S.
Kautkar R. V.
Guided By
Ms. Bhojankar M. N.
TO
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
GRAMIN TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT CAMPUS
VISHNUPURI NANDED, 431606
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDCUATION
(MSBTE), MUMBAI
ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-22
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WEATHER FORCASTING SYSTEM
A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“WEATHER FORCAST SYSTEM”
Submitted By
Sardeshpande A. S.
Kautkar R. V.
Guided By
Ms. Bhojankar M. N.
In Partial Fulfillment for Award of the Diploma In
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
GRAMIN TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT CAMPUS
VISHNUPURI NANDED, 431606
ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-22
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WEATHER FORCASTING SYSTEM
DECLARATION
I the undersigned solemnly declare that the project report “WEATHER FORCAST
SYSTEM” is based on my own work carried out during the course of our study under
the supervision of Ms. Bhojankar M.N
I assert the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my research
work. I further certify that
I. The work contained in the report is original and has been done by me under
the general supervision of my supervisor.
II. The work has not been submitted to any other Institution for anyother
degree/diploma/certificate in this university or any other University of India
or abroad.
III. We have followed the guidelines provided by the university in writing the
report.
IV. Whenever we have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, and text) from
other sources, we have given due credit to them in the text of the report and
giving their details in the references.
Sincerely:
Sardeshpande A. S.
Kautkar R. V.
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WEATHER FORCASTING SYSTEM
CERTIFICATE
This is to Certificate that the project entitled
“WEATHER FORCAST SYSTEM”
Being submitted by Mr. Sardeshpande A. S. to State Board of Technical
Education Mumbai as a partial fulfillment of award of Diploma in
COMPUTER ENGINEERING is record of Bonafide work carried out by
her under supervision and guidance of Ms. Bhojankar M. N. The
assigned project is performed satisfactorily in the academic year 2021-22.
Ms. Bhojankar M. N.
Ms. Dudhmale M. N.
Guide
Head of Department
Dr. Pawar V. S.
Principal
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WEATHER FORCASTING SYSTEM
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This project is done as a semester project, as a part course titled “WEATHER
FORCAST SYSTEM”
We are really thankful to our course the Principal Prof. Pawar sir and HOD Ms.
Dudhmale M. N. and Department of Computer Engineering of Gramin Polytechnic
Management and Campus Vishnupuri Nanded for his invaluable guidance and
assistance, without which the accomplishment of the task would have never been
possible.
We also thank Ms. Bhojankar for giving this opportunity to explore into the real
world and realize the interrelation without which a Project can never progress.
We are also thankful to our parents, friends and all staff of the Computer engineering
department, for providing us relevant information and necessary clarifications, and
great support.
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ANNUEXURE II
Evaluation sheet for the micro project
Academic year: 2021-22
Name of faculty: Ms. Bhojankar M. N.
Course : Computer Engineering
Course Code : 22317
Semester : Third
Title of project:………………………………………………………………………………………….
Cos addressed by 6 the Micro project:
A. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
B. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
C. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
D. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Major Learning Outcomes achieved by doing the project:
a . practical Outcomes:………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b . Unit Outcomes in Cognitive domain:……………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Outcomes in Affective Domain:…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Comments / Suggestions about team work/ leadership/ intership/ inter-personal
Communication
(ifany):…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Roll
No.
Student Name
Marks out of 6 for
performance in
group activity
Marks out of 4
for performance
in
oral/presentation
Name & Signature of faculty
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Total
out of
10
WEATHER FORCASTING SYSTEM
VISION
MISSION
Gramin Polytechnic will be icon including
values, zeal for perfection to build stalwarts for
betterment of the nation
To nourish proactive, devoted & talented
technocreates by quality education is need
mased programmes through an excellent
teamwork
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WEATHER FORCASTING SYSTEM
INDEX
Sr.No
Contents
1
Problem Statement
2
Feasibility Analysis
3
Requirement Engineering
4
System Requirement Specification (SRS)
5
Source
VIII
Page No.
1
3
4
8
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Problem Statement
Weather forecasting refers to the process in which science and technology are applied
to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time. Humans
have been making an unofficial weather forecasting attempt millennia ago, and
official weather forecasting dates back to the nineteenth century. Weather forecasting
is done by collecting data on the current state of the atmosphere and applying a
scientific understanding of atmospheric processes to predict atmospheric progression.
No doubt, tourism is strongly affected by climate and weather. The increasing
fluctuations of weather may affect tourists and tourism businesses. Thus, weather
forecasting helps in planning tourism facilities to minimize the damage caused by
severe weather, as well as increase profitability. In particular, by checking the weather
forecasts, tourists are able to choose proper destinations for the best experience, plan
their trips to avoid possible risks.
Weather strongly impacts the safety and operation of roads. Driving abilities can be
impaired by severe weather conditions like snow, rain, or storm. Moreover, There has
been a slew of traffic accidents reportedly caused by bad weather.
For air transportation, weather forecasters help reduce flight delays, flight times, and
energy savings, and ensure the safety and comfort of passengers. The key importance
of weather forecasting for this industry is the provided information on critical
weather conditions that could endanger an aircraft at takeoff, landing, and during
flight, e.g. strong winds, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and ice.
Marine meteorologists prepare advisory information for ships, including information
on the position, trajectory, and intensity of strong storms and warnings of strong
winds, fog, and hazards. other risks, as well as general forecasts about weather and
sea conditions. Vessels may accordingly change course to avoid adverse weather
conditions. As a result, the safety of ships, cargo and passengers is enhanced, and fuel
is saved at the same time
.It’s true that weather affects how we choose outfits. It’s not easy to dress well in
unusual weather conditions, though your wardrobe is filled with multiple items.
For example, you have an outdoor meeting tomorrow but you don’t know how to
dress properly. That’s where weather forecasts come in handy.
By checking whether, before the event, you can get an overview of how the weather
would look like to choose the best clothing without being affected by the weather this
helps save your time and solves the headache matter of what to wear,temperature,
humidity, and precipitation play an important role in the cultivation of fruits and
vegetables.
Farmers previously predicted the weather based on observations of the sky. However,
the development of meteorology these days has provided them with accurate weather
forecasts by using supercomputers to collect data.
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WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH EXISTING TECH?
The traditional forecast process employed by most NMHSs involves forecasters
producing
text-based,
sensible,
weather-element
forecast
products
(e.g.maximum/minimum temperature, cloud cover) using numerical weather
prediction (NWP) output as guidance.
The process is typically schedule-driven, product-oriented and labour-intensive. Over
the last decade, technological advances and scientific breakthroughs have allowed
NMHSs’ hydrometeorological forecasts and warnings to become much more specific
and accurate. As computer technology and high-speed dissemination systems evolved
(e.g.Internet), National Weather Service (NWS) customers/partners were demanding
detailed forecasts in gridded, digital and graphic formats. Traditional NWS text
forecast products limit the amount of additional information that can be conveyed to
the user community.
The concept of digital database forecasting provides the capability to meet
customer/partner demands for more accurate, detailed hydrometeorological forecasts.
Digital database forecasting also offers one of the most exciting opportunities to
integrate PWS forecast dissemination and service delivery, which most effectively
serves the user community.
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Feasibility Analysis
Feasibility Study in Software Engineering is a study to evaluate feasibility of
proposed project or system. Feasibility study is one of stage among important four
stages of Software Project Management Process. As name suggests feasibility study is
the feasibility analysis or it is a measure of the software product in terms of how much
beneficial product development will be for the organization in a practical point of
view. Feasibility study is carried out based on many purposes to analyze whether
software product will be right in terms of development, implantation, contribution of
project to the organization etc.
Technical Feasibility:
In Technical Feasibility current resources both hardware software along with required
technology are analyzed/assessed to develop project. This technical feasibility study
gives report whether there exists correct required resources and technologies which
will be used for project development. Along with this, feasibility study also analyzes
technical skills and capabilities of technical team, existing technology can be used or
not, maintenance and up-gradation is easy or not for chosen technology etc.
Operational Feasibility:
In Operational Feasibility degree of providing service to requirements is analyzed
along with how much easy product will be to operate and maintenance after
deployment. Along with this other operational scopes are determining usability of
product, Determining suggested solution by software development team is acceptable
or not etc.
Economic Feasibility:
In Economic Feasibility study cost and benefit of the project is analyzed. Means under
this feasibility study a detail analysis is carried out what will be cost of the project for
development which includes all required cost for final development like hardware and
software resource required, design and development cost and operational cost and so
on. After that it is analyzed whether project will be beneficial in terms of finance for
organization or not.
Legal Feasibility:
In Legal Feasibility study project is analyzed in legality point of view. This includes
analyzing barriers of legal implementation of project, data protection acts or social
media laws, project certificate, license, copyright etc. Overall it can be said that Legal
Feasibility Study is study to know if proposed project conform legal and ethical
requirements.
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Schedule Feasibility:
In Schedule Feasibility Study mainly timelines/deadlines is analyzed for proposed
project which includes how many times teams will take to complete final project
which has a great impact on the organization as purpose of project may fail if it can’t
be completed on time.
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Requirement Engineering
Requirement Engineering is the process of defining, documenting and maintaining the
requirements. It is a process of gathering and defining service provided by the system.
Requirements Engineering Process consists of the following main
Requirements Elicitation:
It is related to the various ways used to gain knowledge about the project domain and
requirements. The various sources of domain knowledge include customers, business
manuals, the existing software of same type, standards and other stakeholders of the
project.
The techniques used for requirements elicitation include interviews, brainstorming,
task analysis, Delphi technique, prototyping, etc. Some of these are discussed here.
Elicitation does not produce formal models of the requirements understood. Instead, it
widens the domain knowledge of the analyst and thus helps in providing input to the
next stage.
For Weather Forcasting:
Use of a barometerMeasurements of barometric pressure and the pressure tendency
have been used in forecasting since the late 19th century. The larger the change in
pressure, the larger the change in weather can be expected. If the pressure drop is
rapid, a low pressure system isapproaching, and there is a greater chance of rain.
Looking at the sky Along with pressure tendency, the condition of the sky is one of
the most important parameters used to forecast weather in mountainous areas.
Thickening of cloud cover or the invasion of a higher cloud deck is an indication of
rain in the near future.
At night, high thin clouds can lead to halos around the moon, which indicates the
approach of a warm front and its associated rain. Morning fog portends fair conditions,
as rainy conditions are preceded by wind or clouds which prevent fog formation
[KMQ10].Nowcasting The forecasting of the weather within the next six hours is
often referred to as nowcasting.
In this time range, it is possible to forecast smaller features such asindividual showers
and thunderstorms with reasonable accuracy, as well as other features too small to be
resolved by a computer model. A human, given the latest radar, satellite and
observational data will be able to make a better analysis of the small scale features
present and so will be able to make a more accurate forecast for the following few
hours
Analog technique the analog technique is a complex way of making a forecast,
requiring the forecaster to remember a previous weather event which is expected to be
mimicked by an upcoming event. It remains a useful method of observing rainfall in
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places such as oceans, as well as the forecasting of precipitation amounts and
distribution in the future.
A similar technique is used in medium range forecasting, which is known
asteleconnections, when systems in other locations are used to help pin down the
location of another system within the surrounding regime.
Requirements specification:
This activity is used to produce formal software requirement models. All the
requirements including the functional as well as the non-functional requirements and
the constraints are specified by these models in totality. During specification, more
knowledge about the problem may be required which can again trigger the elicitation
process.
The models used at this stage include ER diagrams, data flow diagrams(DFDs),
function decomposition diagrams(FDDs), data dictionaries, etc.
Requirements verification and validation:
Verification: It refers to the set of tasks that ensures that the software correctly
implements a specific function.
Validation: It refers to a different set of tasks that ensures that the software that has
been built is traceable to customer requirements.
If requirements are not validated, errors in the requirement definitions would
propagate to the successive stages resulting in a lot of modification and rework.
The main steps for this process include:
The requirements should be consistent with all the other requirements i.e no two
requirements should conflict with each other.
The requirements should be complete in every sense.
The requirements should be practically achievable.
Reviews, buddy checks, making test cases, etc. are some of the methods used for this.
For Weather Forcasting:
Numerical Weather Prediction model
Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) is the science of predicting the weather using
models of the atmosphere and computational techniques. Current weather conditions
are used at the input of the mathematical models of the atmosphere to predict the
weather. This model usually provides surrounding point around the wind farm with a
spatial resolution of a few kilometers.NWP uses the power of computers to make a
forecast. A forecaster examines how the features predicted by the computer will
interact to produce the day's weather. The NWP method is flawed in that the
equations used by he models to simulate the atmosphere are not precise
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A number of weather forecasting agencies operate modeling centers where
supercomputers are used to run NWP models that span the entire globe. These include
the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in the United States, the
United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO), and the European Centre for
Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Although costly, a global approach to
NWP is essential,especially for long-range forecasting.
For this reason, achieving accurate forecasts requires an accurate analysis from which
to get the model started. This involves a computer-based process called data
assimilation, in which the most recent weather observations from around the world
are combined with model forecasts to create a global analysis of current conditions.
This becomes the starting point for the next run of the NWP model, and is the
computer equivalent of the manual analysis cycle that forecasters carry out on an ongoing basis. Global models play a key role in modern weather forecasting, and
meteorologists at Met Service routinely use the NCEP, UKMO and ECMWF models
to assist with day-to-day production of forecasts and weather warnings. These models
give insight into the behavior of weather systems on a large scale, without much
emphasis on local detail.
Ensemble Forecasting:
To predict the weather forecast meteorologists have developed atmospheric models
that approximate the atmosphere by using ensemble forecasting to describe how
atmospheric temperature, pressure and moisture will change over time. The equations
are programmed into a computer and the data on the present atmospheric conditions
are fed into the computer. The computer solves the equations to determine how the
different atmospheric variables will change over the next few minutes. The computer
repeats this procedure again and again using the output from one cycle as the input for
the next cycle. For some desired time in the future, the computer prints its calculated
information.
It then analyzes the data, drawing the lines for the projected position of the various
pressure systems. A forecaster uses the prognostic chart as a guide to predicting the
weather. There are many atmospheric models that represent the atmosphere, with each
one interpreting the atmosphere in a slightly different way. Weather forecasts made
for 12 and 24 hours are typically accurate. Forecasts made for two or three days are
usually good. Beyond above five days, forecast accuracy falls off rapidly.
Weather information can also come from remote sensing, particularly radar and
satellites.
Requirements management:
Requirement management is the process of analyzing, documenting, tracking,
prioritizing and agreeing on the requirement and controlling the communication to
relevant stakeholders. This stage takes care of the changing nature of requirements. It
should be ensured that the SRS is as modifiable as possible so as to incorporate
changes in requirements specified by the end users at later stages too. Being able to
modify the software as per requirements in a systematic and controlled manner is an
extremely important part of the requirements engineering process.
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For Weather Forcasting:
Radar stands for Radio Detection and Ranging. In radar, a transmitter sends out radio
waves. The radio waves bounce off the nearest object and then return to a receiver.
Weather radar can sense many characteristics of precipitation, its location, motion,
intensity, and the likelihood of future precipitation. Most weather radar is Doppler
radar, which can also track how fast the precipitation falls. Radar can outline the
structure of a storm and in doing so estimates the possibility that it will produce
severe weather condition [NCW12].
Weather satellites have been increasingly important sources of weather data since the
first one was launched in 1952. Weather satellites are the best way to monitor large
scale systems, like storms. Satellites can also monitor the spread of ash from a
volcanic eruption, smoke from fires, and pollution. They are able to record long-term
changes. shows one of the geostationary satellites that monitors conditions over the
world. Weather satellites may observe all energy from all wavelengths in the
electromagnetic spectrum. Most important are the visible light and infrared (heat)
frequencies.
Weather maps simply and graphically depict meteorological conditions in the
atmosphere. Weather maps may display only one feature of the atmosphere or
multiple features. They can depict information from computer models or from human
observations. Weather maps are found in newspapers, on television, and on the
Internet. On a weather map, each weather station will have important meteorological
conditions plotted. These conditions may include temperature, current weather, dew
point, cloud cover, sea level air pressure, wind speed and direction. On a weather map,
meteorologists use many different symbols.
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System Requirement Specification
Operating Environment:
It is an weather update application. We can download it on any android/apple device.
forecasts and warning services are based on weather information derived from
numerous sources, including weather observations and data gathered by the National
Weather Service and meteorological organizations. This application is linked with
Google maps so it can find our current location tell us about the weather, temperature
etc. Since this is a weather forecast application, graphics don’t matter much but still
accuweather’s graphics are quite good. It takes 41 MB of total space
Software Requirements:
As we know that it is a weather forecast application so the major design constraint is
the mobile platform. This application is more concerned with their accuracy about the
prediction. And being one of the very accurate sites. Graphics are not one of the top
priorities. As the application is actually designed for mobiles so the resolution for the
product and the screen size limitation will bea big design consideration. Therefore to
design an interface that will attract the user eye and is easyto navigate will be a tough
job. As the mobiles have limited processing speed and storage memory so these things
should be under consideration while implementation process. The product is meantto
be quick even when a large amount of users are interacting with it, so each of the
functionalityshould be design and implemented while promising the efficiency of the
product.
This system will provide a graphical user interface. The layout of the system will be a
homepage of the appwith a header on the top which displays the name of the website,
under that their will be a navigation bar togo to related pages and have buttons to
login and to go for help, under the navigation bar we have the mainbody which
displays the live weather stream on one half of the page and displaying forecast on the
otherhalf, and at the end of the page their will be a footer which displays the contact
information
The software interfaces that will be used are Visual Studio and SQL Management
Studio. Visual Studio willbe used for the coding of the app and for buttons. SQL
management will be used to maintain the database tostore the forecast. So that the
weather can be stored and users can view them as they want and to give theoverly
month weather condition
Internal Dependencies:
The product will be only depending upon hardware which is the only internal
dependency that we have to care about.
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Hardware Dependency:
Some of the features of weather forcast system will rely on some of the hardware
components of the android mobile systems. First the app will be depending upon the
memory of the android mobile systems. Therefore theproduct installation will be
depending upon available storage memory in the android mobiles. It
alsodepends on the location. We can manually put in our location to check weather.
But we turn on our locationservices, things will be way easier.
Describe the logical and physical characteristics of each interface between the
software product and thehardware components of the system. This may include the
supported device types, the nature of the data andcontrol interactions between the
software and the hardware, and communication protocols to be used
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Sources
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336797575_Weather_Forecasting
https://gargicollege.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/weather_forecast.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_forecasting
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-engineering-requirements-engineeringprocess/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-requirement-specification-srs-format/
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