TRANSPORTATION OF
DANGEROUS MATERIALS
L.K.Gorane
Dy. Director (DISH)
LPG Tank Truck Under Fire
ROAD TRANSPORT
HAZARDS
• Causes of Accidents:
–
–
–
–
–
Road Accidents and over turning.
Driver fault like overfilling.
Poor maintenance of vehicle.
Poor inspection.
Lack of proper training of
employees.
KEY RESPONSIBILITIES
Salient Features of Central Motor
Vehicle Rules
• Consigner’s Responsibilities
– Hazard Information to the transporter in advance.
– Ensure that the vehicle meets the requirements and
Emergency information panels have been displayed at
both the sides and on the rear.
– Tremcard with way bill.
– Ensure driver has been trained adequately.
– Ensure that the driver has undergone statutory training
on transport of dangerous materials and his license has
been duly endorsed by the respective RTO.
Salient Features of Central Motor
Vehicle Rules (Contd.)
• Transporter’s Responsibilities
– Ensure that the vehicle is in fit condition and
driver has been trained properly about the
information received from the consignee.
– Ensure that the Emergency information panels
have been duly painted or posted on the vehicle.
– Ensure that the driver’s license has been
endorsed by RTO.
Salient Features of Central Motor
Vehicle Rules
• Consignee’s responsibilities
– Before allowing into the premises, ensure that all
the requirements of the rules have been met with.
• Driver’s Responsibilities
– Ensure that he is aware of all the hazards,
precautionary measures and emergency
response procedures.
– He will report to the nearest police station and
warn public. He will also inform consigner,
transporter and consignee.
Emergency Information Panels
Emergency Information Panels for substances with
only one Hazard and those with two hazards
NFPA NUMBER
NFPA Numbers of four digits indicate four types of
hazards. Each digit ranging from 0 to 9 indicates
degree of respective hazard.
•Flammability
•Toxicity hazard
•Reactivity
•Skin
HAZCHEM CODE
(for fire or spillage)
1
2
3
4
JETS
FOG
FOAM
DRY AGENT
P
R
S
S
V
DILUTE
V
T
T
W
X
Y
Y
Z
Z
E
FULL
BA
BA for FIRE ONLY
BA
BA for FIRE ONLY
V
FULL
CONTAIN
V
BA
BA for FIRE ONLY
BA
BA for FIRE ONLY
CONSIDER EVACUATION
Fog: In the absence of fog equipment, fine
spray of water can be used.
Dry Chemical Powder: Water should not
be allowed to come in contact with the
substance.
Notes for Guidance
FOG
In the absence of fog equipment a fine
spray may be used.
DRY AGENT
Water must not be allowed to come into
contact with the substance at risk.
V Can be violently or even explosively
reactive.
FULL
Full protective clothing with BA.
DILUTE
May be washed to drain with large
quantities of water.
CONTAIN
Prevent, by any means available, spillage
from entering drains or water course.
TREMCARD
LABELS FOR DIFFERENT CLASSES AND
SUBCLASSES OF DANGEROUS GOODS.
•
CHECKING OF TRUCKS
AND TANK-LORRIES
BEFORE FILLING :
Visual Checks:
Validity of the driving license
and the
.
petroleum
• Relevant documents pertaining to loading or
unloading of chemicals
• TREMCARD and instructions to the drivers and
cleaners.
• General condition of the vehicle.
• Condition of tires and stepney.
• Correctness of the emergency information
panel.
• UN hazard class symbols.
• Condition of valves.
• Condition of the driver’s cab.
• Condition of the self-starter and
instruments.
• Condition of electrical wiring (particularly
for Class A petroleum products).
• Proper sealing arrangements.
• Provision / condition of wipers, head lights,
signal lights, bumpers, mudguards, etc.
• Condition of metal-work and paint.
• Provision of flame arrestor at the exhaust.
• Provision of fire extinguishers (for
flammable products) and their condition.
• Provision of a safety torch.
• Provision of required personal protective
equipment like:
– PVC gloves,
– face-shields,
– PVC suit, etc.
• In the case of empty tank – lorry reporting
for loading, check whether.
– The tank is clean or not.
– The previous load was the same product or
different.
• The tank has been thoroughly cleaned by following
proper procedure, if previous load was a different
product.(particularly in the case of incompatible
chemicals) (e.g., neutralizing , washing, steaming
and then purging with nitrogen)
• Provision of tool box, adequacy of tools
and condition of tools.
• First-aid box.
• Provision and condition of the safety
valves (for gases)
Substance Class
Inorganic Acids
The table lists chemicals and reactivity groups. Select the group of a chemical and move from left to right up to the
end and then downwards. The X denotes unsafe combination.
1
Organic Acids
2
Caustics
X
X
Amines and Alkanolamines
X
X
Halogenated compounds
X
Alcohols, Glycols and Glycol Ethers
X
Aldehydes
X
Ketones
X
3
4
X
X
X
X
X
X
5
6
X
X
7
X
8
Saturated Hydrocarbons
9
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
X
Olifine
X
10
X
11
Petroleum Oils
12
Esters
X
Monomers and Polymerisable Esters
X
X
Phenols
X
X
X
X
X
X
Alkaline Oxides
X
X
X
X
Cyanohydrins
X
X
X
X
Nitriles
X
X
X
X
Ammonia
X
X
Halogens
13
X
X
X
X
Phosphorous, elemental
X
14
X
X
15
X
X
X
X
16
X
17
X
X
X
Ethers
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
18
X
19
X
X
X
X
X
X
Sulphur, molten
X
Acid anhydrides
X
Epichlorohydrin
X
Carbon Di Sulphide
X
X
Motor Fuel Antiknock
X
X
X
20
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
22
X
X
23
X X
X
X
21
X
24
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
25
X
26
27
ENLARGED VIEW
Inorganic
Acids
1
Organic
Acids
2
Caustics
X
X
Amines and
Alkanolami
nes
X
X
Halogenate
d
compounds
X
3
4
X
X
5
AVAILABILITY OF EMERGENCY
EQUIPMENTS AT THE LOADING
STATION
•Explosimeter
•Earthing cable
•Nuts and bolts
•Gaskets
•Spanners and
other tools
•Safety torch
•Nitrogen cylinder
•Nitrogen
regulator and
hose
•Butyl rubber hose
for product transfer
•Gumboots
•Safety goggles
•Face-shield
•Set of Material
Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS)/Chemical
Information Sheets
(CIS) and
•Tremcards
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR FLAMMABLE MATERIAL
TANK TRUCK
• Fire proof Screen between
load and crew cab.
• Exhaust in front of the
screen.
• Voltage of lighting current
less than 24 volts.
• Arrangement to cut off
power quickly with double
pole switch.
• Double pole wiring and
flame proof electrical
fittings (For flammable
substances).
Exhaust
Fire proof
screen
Special Requirements for
Flammable Material Tank
Truck
• Appropriate emergency kits,
PPE and first aid box.
• Fire extinguisher suitable for
load fire.
•Normal cab fire extinguisher compatible to load.
•Labeling should include generic name, pictorial
indication, and emergency information.
•Emergency isolation Valve (Manual & Auto on
Fire)
Special Requirements
for Flammable Material
Tank Truck
• Air inlet to
vehicle engine
should be
provided with
flame arrester
if loads are
flammable
gases or
liquids.
If the entering air is in the
flammable range the high
temperature of the engine
port will ignite the
entering gas and under
these conditions the flame
arrester will not allow to
let the flame come out.
Flame arrestor
Engine
Air
Filte
r
Prohibition on Bulk Transport
There is a general prohibition on bulk transport of
certain extremely hazardous materials in some
countries
Prohibition list of Germany
• Class 2: Chlorine, Hydrogen Bromide, Hydrogen
Chloride, hydrogen Fluoride, hydrogen Sulfide,
Phosgene, Sulfur Di Oxide.
• Class 3: Carbon di Sulfide.
• Class 6: Acetone, Aniline, Epichlorohydrin, lead
alkyls, Organophosphorous compounds.
• Class 8: Bromine, Fluoboric acid, hydrazine, liquid
Acid Halides and chlorides that give off fumes on
contact with moisture.
Rail Transportation of Dangerous
Materials
• Rail Transportation is safer because
two persons can haul a large
number of wagons.
• Yet serious Fires and leakage may
occur due to:
– Derailment or collisions.
– Lack of proper inspection and
maintenance.
– Use of unfit equipment and tank cars
– Sources of ignition e.g. Engine,
caboose, or brake shoe sparks are
readily available.
Precautions in Rail Transport
1. Proper Labeling of Hazardous Cargo wagons
2. Place them at least 3 wagons away from engine or
kitchen car.
3. Meticulous inspection of the whole train.
4. Display of instructions in the language known to the
workers.
5. Do not overload.
6. Emergency team of specialised persons should be kept
ready.
Precautions in Rail Transport
7. The trains of hazardous cargo should be routed through
unpopulated areas.
8. Wagon coupling should be such that may not disengage
on derailment.
9. Chances of penetration of coupling devices into the tanks
should be avoided.
10. As for as possible safety valves should be preferred over
rupture discs.
Precautions in Rail Transport
11. If chances of explosion exist, the explosion vents should be
provided.
12. Siphoning of the liquid while transfer should be preferred
over unloading from bottom.
13. The tanks should be lined suitably if corrosive substances are
handled.
Transport Container Safety
(Common for rail, road and water transport)
1. Design should ensure enough
strength to withstand normal and
abnormal road shocks.
2. Material of construction should
be resistant to the contents under
all possible temperature and
pressure conditions.
3. Minimum wall thickness
T=0.125(Di/T)0.5 where Di is
internal diameter in inches and T
is tensile strength (Tons /in2)
Transport Container Safety
(Common for rail, road and water transport)
4. Test Pressure well above the maximum
working pressure.
5. Filling ratio should be decided on the
basis of the thermal cubical expansion
between the filling temperature and the
reference temperature.
S
V
8. Safety valve or rupture disc for venting. (no rupture
disc for toxic and flammable substances)
7. Proper arrangement for grounding and bonding of
the vehicle while filling and discharging.
8. Other aspects as per the applicable statutes and
standards.
Transport of Dangerous Materials
by Pipelines
1. Petroleum crude, petroleum products, natural gas etc. are
transported by this mode.
2. Pipelines are as wide as 40-50” dia, laid 4-5 feet under
the ground, running at about 1200 psi.
3. Pumping of fluids is done from the dispatch end and
boosters are provided at an average distances of about
100 miles in plane areas. In hilly areas the topography is
taken into consideration.
4. The system conditions are monitored with the help of
automatic monitoring and control devices and inspection
of the installations is done by closed circuit TV.
Transport of Dangerous Materials
by Pipelines
5. Any leakage in the line is indicated by pressure
drop in the system.
6. It is possible to find out the extent of leakage and
distance of the leak point from the control point is
possible.
7. Problems often arise due to external interventions
like excavations, meddling and farming activities.
8. Line inspection is done manually with the help of
line walkers and by aerial survey by helicopters
and aircrafts.
Prevention Programme Of
Road Transport Hazards
• Three-fold prevention programme:
– Personal safety programme
» Safety meeting with drivers and
terminal personnel.
» Driver’s safety award programme.
» Establishment of training schools.
– Equipment maintenance programme:
» Periodic tractor Inspection
» 30- day corrosive liquid trailer
inspection.
» 60 day general trailer inspection.
» 2 years trailer retest and inspection.
» Pre-trip vehicle condition report.
– Tractor Trailer Design Improvement.
Water Transport of dangerous
Materials
• Transport of
dangerous materials
by water is common
all over the world for
international transport.
In some countries
internal transport by
barges and ships is
also common
Water Transport of dangerous
Materials
• Comprehensive standards and international
regulations for hull design and venting and level
gauging etc. and for classification of dangerous
materials exist and are in use all over the world.
• Operating personnel are adequately trained and
certified.
• Strict navigational safety.
• Proper emergency response procedures.
Water Transport in Barges
Single skin barge
Double skin barge
Hull
Double skin
with cylindrical
tanks
Hazard wise Classification
As recommended by National Academy of Science (USA)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fire Hazard
Vapour Irritant Health Hazard
Liquid Solid Irritant Health Hazard.
Poison Health Hazard
Human Toxicity water Pollution Health hazard.
Aquatic Toxicity water Pollution Health hazard.
Aesthetic Effect water Pollution hazard.
Reactivity hazard with other Chemicals.
Water reactivity Hazard.
Self reactivity Hazard.
Any Questions?
Thank You