1. Brief Description:
1.1 What is Wired Transmission Media?
Guided media is a wired transmission media, in which data signals are
guided along a physical path i.e. within a wire. Guided transmission
media is also known as Bounded or wired. Some well-known Guided
Transmission media includes Twisted Pair Cable, Coaxial cable, fiber
optic cable.[3]
1.2 Features:
High Speed
Secure
Used for comparatively shorter distances.[2]
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2. Aim of the Micro-Project:
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Understand the wired transmission media.
Ability to implement Local Area Network using cables.
We learning the networking cables and it’s type.
We will able to understand the properties of this project.
3. Course Outcomes Integrated:
 Analyze The Functioning of Data communication and Computer
Network.
 Select relevant transmission media and switching techniques.
 Analyze the transmission errors with respect to IEEE standards.
 Configure various networking devices.
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4. Resources required:
Sr. No. Name of Resources
1.
Computer System
2.
3.
4.
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Reference and Syllabus
books
Internet multimedia
Networking Cables:
I. Twisted Paired
Cables.
II. Coaxial Cable.
III. Fiber Optic Cable.
Specification
i-5,RAM 8GB,
MSWindows10
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-
Quantity
1
As per
requirement
As per
requirement
As per
requirement
Types Of Transmission Media Cables
5. What is Transmission Media?
In network communications, a Transmission Medium is a physical
connection or an interface between the transmitter and the receiver.
There are two major categories of transmission media, namely guided
and wireless (or unguided).[2]
5.1 Transmission Media is broadly classified into the following
types:
Fig. 5.1 : Classification of Transmission Media
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6. There are 3 major types of Wired Transmission Media:
6.1 Twisted Pair Cable
Twisted pair cables have been around for a long time. They were
mainly invented for voice transmissions. Twisted pair is a widely used
medium in networking because it's lighter, cheaper, more flexible,
easy to install, and provides greater speeds than coaxial cables. There
are two types of twisted pair cables: the unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
and the shielded twisted pair (STP). Let's take a closer look at each of
them.
The unshielded twisted pair cable has 4 pairs of copper wires that are
present inside a plastic sheath. These wires are twisted to protect them
from interference. The only protection available for a UTP cable is a
plastic sheath that is thin in size.[1]
Fig. 6.1 : Twisted Paired Cable
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Here are the two types of Twisted Pair Cable:
6.1.1 Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
The unshielded twisted pair cable is a Guided Transmission Media,
which is used for transmitting both data and voice. UTP is also useful
for LAN technologies, such as Ethernet, security cameras, telephony
system etc.
The cable has two insulating copper wires. The size of these wires is
1mm thick. Each of these has its own colored plastic insulation.
Colors are different to identify it from particular conductors. They are
twisted in a helical form, so that it helps in reducing electrical
interference or crosstalk. Also, these cables are cheap, and easy to
deploy.[1]
Fig 6.1.1 : Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
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6.1.2 Shielded Twisted Pair Cable
The shielded twisted pair cable is a Guided Transmission Media ,
which is quite expensive than unshielded twisted pair cable.
Shielded cable is less prone to noise.
STP encases each pair of insulated conductors with a metal foil. To
prevent the electromagnetic noise, and eliminate cross talk, the
casing is useful. Crosstalk occurs when one line catches some other
signal travelling down another line. You may have experienced the
Crosstalk effect during conversations on telephone.[3]
Fig. 6.1.2 : Shielded Twisted Pair Cable
6.1.3 Advantages of Twisted Pair Cable
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Easier to install
The wire pairs are quite useful, and inexpensive.
The wire can be used for analog or digital transmission.
Crosstalk is less, since the wires are twisted.[1]
6.1.4 Disadvantages of Twisted Pair Cable
These wires easily pick noise signal. This can be annoying, since it
leads to high error rate, on line length extending 100 meters.[2]
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6.2 Coaxial Cables
The coaxial cables have a central copper conductor, surrounded by an
insulating layer, a conducting shield, and the outermost plastic sheath.
Thus, there are three insulation layers for the inner copper cable.
There are two basic modes of data transmission in coaxial cables:
baseband mode that has dedicated bandwidth, and broadband mode
that has distributed cable bandwidth.
Cable TV and analog televisions mainly use coaxial cables. Coaxial
cables have better resistance to cross talk than twisted pair cables. The
coaxial cables are used for long distance communication. The most
widely used types of coaxial cables are RG-59 and RG-6 (RG stands
for 'radio guide'). RG-59 has lesser shielding and is suitable for short
cable lengths and cable TV connections.
RG-6 has better insulation than RG-59 and is used for satellite TV
and digital signal transmissions for better strength and longer
distances.[2]
Fig. 6.2.1 : Coaxial Cable
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6.2.1 Advantages to coaxial cables:
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High bandwidth.
Easy and cheap installation.
Better immunity from noise.
Better scaling.[1]
6.2.2 Disadvantages to coaxial cables:
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They're more prone to lightning strikes.
They cover less distance than fiber optic cables.
They carry less bandwidth than both fiber optic and twisted pair
cables.[3]
6.3 Optical Fiber Cables
Optical fibers use light waves for transmission. Crosstalk, EMI, and
attenuation aren't issues with optical fibers. These cables are wellsuited for voice, data, and video transmissions. Optical fibers are the
most secure of all the cable media. Installation and maintenance are
difficult and costly. Fiber optic cables have greater transmission
speed, high bandwidth, and the signal can travel longer distances
when compared to coaxial and twisted pair cables. Though the cost of
optical fiber cable is less compared to co-axial and twisted pair
cables, the additional optical components needed for installation make
fiber optic the costliest of all the cables.[1]
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Fig. 6.3.1 : Optical Fiber Cable
There are two modes of operation for optical fibers. First there's
single-mode fiber, which uses a single beam of light and allows
communication over great distances with better transfer speed. Then
there is multimode fiber, which uses multiple light beams inside a
single fiber cable, has a reduced length and travel speed, and has a
larger bandwidth, but signal strength is weakened.[2]
Fig. 6.3.2 : Optical Fiber Transmission in the Form of Light Waves
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6.3.1 Advantages of optical fibers :
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There is zero interference and covers major cities and countries.
They have high speed and high bandwidth.
They're highly secure. [1]
6.3.2 Disadvantages of optical fibers :
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Installation and maintenance are difficult.
Cabling is costly.
Retrofitting an existing network is difficult, since optical fibers
are incompatible with many types of electronic networking
equipment. [2
7. Skill Developed
1. We learned the cables and it’s type.
2. We learn the information about Coaxial Cable.
3. We learn the information about Twisted Pair Cable.
4. We learn the information about Shielded Cable.
5. We learn the information about Unshielded Cable.
6. We learn the information about Fiber Optic Cable.
7. We learn the how to connect connectors to the Cable.
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8. Output of the micro project:-
Fig. : 8.1 Output of the micro project
9. Conclusion
 Describe the characteristic of various networks cables.
 we understand types of cables.
 After learning this topic we understand the construction of
underground cable
 An electrical cable is an assembly of one or
more wires running side by side or bundled, which is used
to carry electric current.
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10. References
1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_medium
2) https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-transmission-media/
Author = 02DCE
3) https://studyopedia.com/computer-networks/guidedtransmission-media/
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