SUBMITTED TO:
Ms. Nicole Jane Guariῆo
SUBMITTED BY:
Mariel Jane G. Magalona
BSE-MATH2B
MARIEL JANE G. MAGALONA
FEMALE
AGUSAN DEL SUR
09300203954
Marieljane05@gmail.com
JUNE 07, 1999
SINGLE
4’11
ROMAN CATHOLIC
STA. MARIA, TADS
FILIPINO
43 kls.
FARMING
HERMANITO L. MAGALONA
TEACHING
HAIDE G. MAGALONA
BISAYA, FILIPINO, ENGLISH
HAIDE G. MAGALONA
09091515618/ STA. MARIA, TRENTO, AGUSAN DEL SUR
STA. MARIA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
SALVACION NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
2011-2012
2018-2019
COMPUTER RELATED SKILLS, TABLE TENNIS, EDITORIAL WRITING
MARIANE M. LUCES
TEACHER
SALVACION NHS
ACTIVITY 2:
Read and answer the following questions.
1. Which part of the Bio Data Form is the easiest to answer? How about the most difficult?
The part of the Bio-data form that is easiest to answer is my name of course, because
for 21 years of existence this is what I have and no one could take it from me. Honestly,
speaking there is no such difficult part of the bio-data that is hard to answer, because a bio-data
form is about yourself. Thus, you are aware of all the information about yourself and so, you
can answer the form candidly.
2. What do you have in mind while writing your Bio-Data?
I have in my mind by the time I’m writing the bio-data is that, I should answer this form
honestly, because this is all about myself and I will truthfully answer this for I will give this
is an information that my future job would know about me. And so, for them to trust me, I
should be unequivocal with the information I am writing in my bio-data.
3. How did you feel while writing your Bio-Data?
I felt at ease, because somehow this form is about myself, hence, I know all the
information about myself and I have nothing to worry about.
4. What were your realizations after 10 minutes of completing your Bio-Data?
After completing my bio-data I realized that there are some basic information’s about myself
that I am unsure and I have doubt’s in writing it. Just like my height and weight, because I
don’t measure it often, and so, I am unsure if I lost weight or I’ve become tall a little or what.
Thus, it made me giggle that there are some things about myself that I am uncertain about.
ACTIVITY 3:
See the attached factsheets on The Self from Various Perspectives. Read the text carefully and take
note of the essential key terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.
My Notes:




Arché- origin or source/the “soul” /the primal matter, the soul movement is the
ultimate arché of all other movement, it has no origin and outside itself and cannot
be destroyed.
According to Socrates, “the worst thing that can happen to anyone is to live but die
inside” and “every person is dualistic” , “the unexamined life is not worth living”
(Socrates) man = body + soul, individual = imperfect/permanent (body) +
perfect/permanent(soul)
(Plato) 3 components to the soul:
• Rational soul- reason and intellect to govern affairs
• Spirited soul- emotions should be kept at a bay
• Appetitive soul- base desires (food, drink, sleep, sexual needs, etc.)
when these are attained the human person’s soul would be just and virtuous.
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St. Augustine – “spirit of man” in medieval philosophy, - man is of a bifurcated
nature. Body- dies on earth, soul- lives eternally in spiritual bliss with God.
St. Thomas Aquinas- man= matter + form. Matter (hyle)-“common stuff that the
world makes up everything in the universe”, Form (Morphe)- “essence of substance
or thing. The soul is what makes us human.
Rene Descartes- Father of modern philosophy. Human person= body + mind. The self
= cogito (the thing that thinks) + extenza (extension of mind/body), the nody is a
machine attached to the mind. It’s the mind that make us man.
David Hume- he is an empiricist, according to him, “one can only know what comes
from the senses and experience”. “the self is nothing but a bundle of impressions and
ideas”. Impression- basic objects of our experience/sensation, forms the core of our
thoughts. Idea- copies of impressions, not as real impressions, “feeling mo lang yan”.
According to him, self is a collection of different perceptions which rapidly succeed
each other.
Immanuel Kant- agrees with Hume, that everything starts with sensation of
impressions. There is a mind that regulates this impression. The self organizes
different impressions that one gets in relation to his own existence. The self is not
only personality but also the set of knowledge.
Gilbert Ryle- denies the internal, non-physical self. The self is not an entity one can
locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that we use to refer to the
behaviors that we make.


Merleau-Ponty- a phenomenologist who says the mind-body bifurcation is an invalid
problem. Mind and body are inseparable. The living body, his thoughts, emotions and
experiences are all one.
The anthropology- The self is both a biological and cultural entity. The traditional
anthropological understanding of the self is that the self is an animal species which
underwent the process of biological evolution and has shared characteristics with other
living animals, the hominids, in particular.
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George Herbert Mead, a sociologist from the late 1800s, is well known for his theory
of the social self, which includes the concepts of 'self,' 'me,' and 'I. Mead's theory of
the social self is based on the perspective that the self emerges from social
interactions, such as observing and interacting with others, responding to others'
opinions about oneself, and internalizing external opinions and internal feelings about
oneself.
In psychology, the sense of self is defined as the way a person thinks about and views
his or her traits, beliefs, and purpose within the world. It's a truly dynamic and
complicated concept because it covers both the 'inner' and 'outer' self. ? Humanist
psychologist Carl Rogers contributed a great deal to this aspect of psychology. He
believed that there were three contributing components to the development of the
sense of self: self-image, self-esteem, and the ideal self.
Material Self- consists of things that belong to us or that we belong to. Things like
family, clothes, our body, and money are some of what make up our material selves.
Social Self- our social selves are who we are in a given social situation. For James,
people change how they act depending on the social situation that they are in.
Spiritual Self- is who we are at our core, the spiritual self is our subjective and most
intimate self. Aspects of an individual’s spiritual self, include things like his/her
personality, core values, and conscience that do not typically change throughout a
lifetime.
The digital self is the persona you use when you’re online. Given that your online
behavior makes a huge impact on how you present your digital self, it’s important to
always use social media with care and consistency.
The material self, according to William James, pertains to the objects, places, or
even people which have the label “mine”. Such possessions are viewed as extensions
of individuals ‘identities. The material self consists of things that belong to a person
or entities that a person belongs to. Self is judged on the way you dress, the kind of
clothes you wear, the car you drive and the type of home you prefer or own.
Extended self, a combination of objects, mainly human beings, which contributes in
the production of an individual physically and an individual considers them
psychologically, and their potentiality by which one can have a sense of their own
identity.
Political self- Main Points: People Elected government. There is freedom of speech.
There is no one party government in the country. Right to give vote to elect their
representatives. The common people, considered as the primary source of political
power. The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a community.
ACTIVITY 4:
A. List some terminologies associated with each philosopher. Briefly define or describe each term.
Philosopher
Socrates
Key terms
Augustine
“man is of a bifurcated nature”
Descartes
Cogito and extenza
Hume
Impression and ideas
Kant
Apparatus of the mind
Freud
Marleau-Ponty
Arché
“Super-ego”
“one’s body is his opening
toward his existence to the
world”
definition
The origin or source, the
primal matter.
It means that human is made
up of the Soul and the body.
And it is immortal for it
possesses the truth.
Cogito means the thing that
thinks
Extenza means extension of the
mind/body
The self is nothing but a bundle
of impression and ideas
There are apparatus of the
mind that came with the set of
impression and ideas.
the self as a submersion of the
ego in the id (the kingdom of
the blind instincts)
It is the body that leads you to
have yourself in this world.
B. Encircle the letter of your chosen answer.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
A
A
A
B
ACTIVITY 6:
A. Essay
Is the Philippines really a collectivist’s society? Give example and if true, how this shape/ impact our
idea of Self?
The Philippines is indeed a collectivist society, and men and women have a tendency
to see themselves as section of a group. For Filipinos, the interests of the collective are
frequently greater than the interests of the individual. We Filipinos generally have a robust
experience of pride in our crew and will have good time our satisfaction by using sharing
stories or data about our family, Barangay or our society.
B. Venn Diagram
Eastern and Western concept of the Self
*its predominant view is that
the self is rather than an
illusion.
*. The self is conceived as a
“relational self” – “one which is
intensely aware of the social
presence of other human
beings”
* The perfect man has no self;
the spiritual man has no
achievement; the true sage has
no name”
*according to Buddhism, “there
is no god, nor matter, neither is
there a phenomenal world.
Thus, the doctrine of “no-self”
or “no-soul” emerged.
*there exist multitude definitions of the
“self”
* The “self” represents something, which
belongs to the thinking substance as an
intuitive beginning of rational cognition,
emphasizing its independence.
* Freud conceived of the self as a
submersion of the ego in the id (the kingdom
of the blind instincts) and a distorted
perception of the individual of his societal
essence as a result of the control exerted on
it by the enraged “super-ego”.
*The self is thought as a sensus communis or
a product of folk psychology and, as such, it
does not exist in reality.
* The self is conceived as a homunculus or “a
little man” that controls the performance on
the theater of consciousness.
LESSON 5
ACTIVITY 1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge
Which part of your body are you most proud of? Why?
The part of my body that I’m proud the most, is my hands. My hands are not ordinary,
specifically my fingers on my right hand. It is not complete physically, just like an ordinary
person has. I had two fingers in my right hand, whom attach(paste) with each other and four of
my fingers on the same hand has no fingernails at all, in short, my right hand is under develop
because my fingers on it are petite and undersized. But despite of it, I am still proud to have
these fingers of mine. For, I am lucky enough to be born alive, after my mother got on an
accident, when I am 5 months inside her womb. I am proud of it, since, I had made a lot of
things, using this hand of mine. I can definitely write using my right hand. And because of this
hand, I brought pride in my school when I am still in my high school years. I am proud to be
an editorial writer, and even though I did not make it through the National competition, being
a journalist competing the Regional Schools Press Conference is a delightful thing to do.
Lastly, I am proud of my hands, for, without it, I will not make it up to now. I can’t go to
school, I can’t let my parents go to stage every end of the school year to pin my award, I can’t
enter to college, and without these hands, I couldn’t graduate, get a job and give my family a
better future. Thus, for these reasons, I could say I am enormously proud, to have these hands
of mine.
ACTIVITY 2: motivational
Take a whole body photo of yours and briefly describe your physical attributes. Paste it here:
My Physical Attributes are just like everybody else,
though I am a person with disability, which discern me
from an ordinary person. I have an oval shaped face, a
long hair, my forehead is very wide, that my family and
other people always tease me for having it. I have a
beautiful smile which I love the most. I am not that tall
for my parents are also not that tall. I have differently
shaped legs, because my right legs has gout. Hence, for
me my physical attributes fits myself, because though I
am not perfect physical, still the people that surrounds
me loves me so much.
ACTIVITY 3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on The Physical Self. Read the text carefully and take note of the essential key
terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.
My Notes:
 Physical Self refers to the body, this marvelous container and complex, finely tuned,
machine with which we interface with our environment and fellow beings.
 William James considered body as the initial source of sensation and necessary for
the origin and maintenance of personality. However, James considered body
subservient to the mind, for e.g., mental concentration can be so tightly focused as
not only to banish ordinary sensations, but even the severest pain.
 Sigmund Freud's construction of self and personality makes the physical body the
core of human experience. Freud was of the view that the ego is first and foremost
a body ego.
 Erik Erikson the role of bodily organs is especially important in early
developmental stages of a person’s life.
 B.F Skinner the terms personality and self are mere explanatory fictions and all
there is, is the body.
 One of the most important achievement of Indian tradition, i.e. the schools of
Yoga, have regarded the body in different ways. Most Yoga disciplines advocate
a moderate approach to body, neither indulgent and not unduly ascetic. Hathyoga or the yoga of the body.
 The physical self is not only limited to what can be seen by the naked eye;
underneath the skin is a dynamic system of biological and chemical processes that
contribute to one’s physical features. Physical characteristics do not just develop
at random. These are triggered by genetic transformations and biological
development through heredity.
 HEREDITY – is defined as the transmission of traits from parents to offspring. The
traits are made up of specific information embedded within one’s gene, the basic
unit of heredity.
 GENOTYPE – refers to specific information embedded within one’s genes; not all
genotypes translate to an observed physical characteristic. It can be determined
by blood testing.
 PHENOTYPE – is the physical expression of a particular trait. It can be directly
observed.
 Each individual carries 23 pairs of chromosomes. The 23rd pair is the sex
chromosomes, determines the sex of an individual. • MATURATION is known as
the completion of growth of a genetic character within an organism. It enables
man to walk, run and talk which are evident in the adolescent stage.
 Self-esteem is your opinion of yourself. People with healthy self-esteem like
themselves and value their achievements. While everyone lacks confidence
occasionally, people with low self-esteem feel unhappy or unsatisfied with
themselves most of the time.
 Self-perception is how you see or view yourself. Body image is the perception that a
person has of their physical self and the thoughts and feelings that result from that
perception. These feelings can be positive, negative or both and are influenced by
individual and environmental factors. Body image is both internal (personal) and
external (society).
ACTIVITY 4: ONE MORE TRY
Read carefully each item and encircle the letter of your choice.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C
B
BODY IMAGE
C
C
ACTIVITY 5: ESSAY TEST (10 points)
Individual construction of the personal self. illustrating how the different aspect are situated relative to one
another and the importance of each relative to the other.
The different and distinct section of our body is obviously and definitely
interconnected with each other. Our eyes, meant us to see matters and so, with that we
can do our jobs and duties correctly. Also, with our eyes, we can stroll the use of our
feet without obstacles for we can see the path where we would walk. Moreover, our
lower part of the body helps the upper phase to cross and hold its balance. Hence, it is
truly, necessary to have these components of our physique completely, as a blind man
ought to no longer see the world can’t pass wholly and ought to hardly do his
undertaking for he has no eye sight at all. Thus, we should make significance of God’s
given physique to us.
LESSON 6
ACTIVITY 1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge
What are your beliefs in engaging in sexual intimacy?
As a woman in early 20’s, engaging in sexual intimacy, is not really a bad thing, since
it is normal to be attractive to the opposite sex. Having a boyfriend is not a bad as long as you
are responsible with it. Responsible means, you can take care of yourself physically, mentally
and emotionally while in a relationship, and you could take whatever happens in your
relationship may it be good or worse. Moreover, involving in a romantic relationship is healthy,
but just make sure that you can control yourself. Because having control by yourself means
you are empowered enough to not take the risk of your life. Make your boyfriend an inspiration
to pursue your goals in life and not a distraction that could hinder you on having a better and
great life. Thus, before involving yourself in sex, get married first, and make sure that, you
marry a guy, whom you want to spend the rest of your life and a guy who want also to be with
you for the rest of your lives.
ACTIVITY 2: motivational
Jumble words.
Rearrange the letters to form the correct word.
1. CHOXUALPSSEY -PSYCHOSEXUAL
2. ITENLGA - GENITAL
3. MAGSOR - ORGASM
4. ROSECURTIEN - INTERCOURSE
5. PILLAFONA - FALLOPIAN
ACTIVITY 3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on The Sexual Self. Read the text carefully and take note of the essential key terms
that will help you understand the concepts presented.
My Notes:
 Sexual self-concept refers to the totality of oneself as a sexual being, including positive and
negative concepts and feelings.
 Reproduction is the process by which organisms make more organisms like themselves. But
even though the reproductive system is essential to keeping a species alive, unlike other body
systems, it's not essential to keeping an individual alive.
 two kinds of sex cells, or gametes (pronounced: GAH-meetz), are involved. The male gamete,
or sperm, and the female gamete, the egg or ovum, meet in the female's reproductive system.
When sperm fertilizes (meets) an egg, this fertilized egg is called a zygote (pronounced: ZYE-goat).
The zygote goes through a process of becoming an embryo and developing into a fetus.
 The sexual response cycle has four phases: desire (libido), arousal (excitement), orgasm and
resolution. Both men and women experience these phases, although the timing usually is
different.
 Sensuality is awareness and feeling about your own body and other people's bodies, especially
the body of a sexual partner. Sensuality enables us to feel good about how our bodies look and
feel and what they can do. Sensuality also allows us to enjoy the pleasure our bodies can give us
and others. This part of our sexuality affects our behavior in several ways.
 Sexual Intimacy Sexual intimacy is the ability to be emotionally close to another human being
and to accept closeness in return.
 Sexual Identity Sexual identity is a person's understanding of who she/he is sexually, including
the sense of being male or of being female. Sexual identity consists of three "interlocking pieces"
that, together, affect how each person sees him/herself. Each "piece" is important.
 Reproduction and Sexual Health These are a person's capacity to reproduce and the behaviors
and attitudes that make sexual relationships healthy and enjoyable.
 Sexualisation is that aspect of sexuality in which people behave sexually to influence,
manipulate, or control other people. Often called the "shadowy" side of human sexuality,
sexualisation spans behaviors that range from the relatively harmless to the sadistically violent,
cruel, and criminal. These sexual behaviors include flirting, seduction, withholding sex from an
intimate partner to punish her/him or to get something, sexual harassment, sexual abuse, and
rape. Teens need to know that no one has the right to exploit them sexually and that they do not
have the right to exploit anyone else sexually.
ACTIVITY 4: ONE MORE TRY
Read carefully each item and encircle the letter of your choice.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
C
A
B
B
ACTIVITY 1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge
This is an individual activity which is to be shared by pair.
*FOOD
*personal hygiene
Necessities.
*Load
*FOOD
*personal hygiene
Necessities.
*Load
*extra cash for
Emergency purpose
To be shared in
pair
FOODS- obviously it is important because it is
the most basic and necessary thing that I need to
sustain my life and self.
FOODS- P2, 000.00
PERSONAL HYGIENE- it is important to myself for, it
PERSONAL
sustain my personal needs as a human being and a
HYGIENCE- P300.00
person.
LOAD- P100.00
LOAD- it is important in relation to self or myself, for
OTHERS- P1000.00
it could fulfill my needs in terms of my studies and in
terms of online tasks, and that could help myself.
ACTIVITY 2: motivational
Take a picture of your favorite thing and paste it here then
briefly describe it.
My favorite thing is the mobile phone, which is very
important to this generation, especially during the
pandemic, because the course are conducted online.
Moreover, mobile phones has a lot of uses, as this
generation technology is fast arising and so, students
shouldn’t be ignore on using mobile phones.
ACTIVITY 3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on The Material Self. Read the text carefully and take note of the essential key
terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.
My Notes:

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The material self, according to William James, pertains to the objects, places, or even
people which have the label “mine”. Such possessions are viewed as extensions of
individuals ‘identities.
The material self consists of things that belong to a person or entities that a person
belongs to. Thus, things like the body, family, clothes, money, and such make up the
material self.
It was this “material self” that also pushed people to acquire homes and fill them with
possessions.
Example of Material Self- Self is judged on the way you dress, the kind of clothes you wear,
the car you drive and the type of home you prefer or own.
ACTIVITY 4: ONE MORE TRY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
A
A
A
D
ACTIVITY 1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge
Draw a symbol that best illustrates your most intimate or most meaningful experience with God. Explain such
experience and describe how you felt. What do you think was God telling you in that particular experience?
My most meaningful experience with God, is during the day I
first received his body and blood, my first communion. That
day I was so excited, I was enlivened for finally I would be able
to do, what most of the Roman Catholic does, to fall in line
and received the body and blood of Christ. In the process of
communion, my heart was so profound to the Lord. I prayed
solemnly, and says, “Lord, thank you everything that you’ve
done with my life”. I was just a 10-year-old girl at that time. It
was my first time to tell my sins to the priest, at first I was
nervous but after telling him what I had done wrong. The
heaviness in my heart wipe away. I felt buoyant, that finally, I
will receive God’s self with in me. I think God is telling me at
that very moment, that I shouldn’t be feared anymore for He
is with me and He will always be with me no matter what
happen.
ACTIVITY 2: motivational
If you were to choose from the following images of values, which one would you prefer? Why?
I would choose this image. Because for me it is an image that
says prayer. Thus, prayer is a way to connect to God. And connecting
to God is very important in our lives. Glorifying and thanking Him for
everything that He does for us. And be grateful unto Him for always
accepting us, even though we did a lot of mistakes. Lastly, without
God, all the images left were nothing at all. Therefore, if for them
laughter is the best medicine, for me, I would prefer, prayer is the
great remedy.
ACTIVITY 3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on The Spiritual Self. Read the text carefully and take note of the essential key
terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.
My Notes:
 The Spiritual Self consists of all your internal thoughts and introspections about your values and
moral standards. It is the essence of who you think you are. It is a mixture of your spiritual beliefs
and your sense of who you are in relationship to other forces in the universe.
 Two ways of thinking about the spiritual self:
Abstract Way - Isolate each mental faculty from one another
Concrete Way - Unite each mental faculty with one another
 Spirit, soul and body Prophesying to all the three parts of our Human Being
 Ifugao – ‘Linnawa’
The soul (linnawa) of a child floats around in the heavens, awaiting its entry into the human world.
 The Ibaloi afterlife is populated by ancestral spirits, and explains animal sacrifices.
 Isneg – ‘Kaduwa’

The Isneg believed that dead exist in other world, the Aglalanawan, where the earthly
tasks of planting, harvesting and communal living are functions common to them.
 Kankana-ey – ‘Ab-abiik’

Ab-Abiik is the spiritual self as oppsed to the physical self (Awak). The Ab-abiik can also
apply to inanimate objects such as mountains, trees or rivers. It can also mean ‘inspiration’
in some contexts.
 Bikol

No one should miss their dinner and go to bed hungry or their spirit will roam for food.
If a pot of food is covered while the spirit is eating inside, the person who is sleeping will
now wake up until the lid is lifted.
 Tagalog – ‘Kaluluwa and Kakambal’

The Tagalog soul, the kaluluwa can leave the body involuntarily. The kaluluwa refers more to
the soul of the deceased. The soul of a living person is called kakambal (meaning twin or double). The
kakambal may travel around at night and some particularly bad encounters are the cause of
nightmares (bangungut). The kakambal becomes a kaluluwa after death.

Ilokano – ‘Kararua, Karkarma, Aniwaas and Araria’

The first soul of the Ilokanos is called the kararua, or the soul proper. This is the term
used for the equivalent of the Christian soul that can only leave after death.

Karkarma is the name of the second soul. It can leave the physical body when one is frightened,
or may be stolen. If this soul fails to return the owner becomes insane, sacrificial ceremonies may be
held to lure back a lost karkarma.

Aniwaas is the name of the third soul. It can leave the body during sleep and visits places
familiar to the body.

Ibanag – ‘Ikaruruwa’
 The Ibanag have a distinction between body (baggi) and soul (ikaruruwa). Ikarurua
means ‘a companion of the body’. Mekararuanan (me + kararua – to be rid of the soul)
is a phenomenon where the soul can leave the body but it is without sense. The ritual
Mangagaggako invites the soul to return to the body.
ACTIVITY 4: ONE MORE TRY
Write an essay indicating how you could personally live the “Great Commandment of Love”
How I Live the Great Commandment of Love
It is legal to obey the great commandment of love. Loving and being loved are the greatest
things in this world.
I will obey the great commandment of love by showing compassion to others. Being
compassionate with others means showing them caring, and making them feel worthy. Our fellow
human beings should take care of each other as God provided us. We should be careful not to hurt
others, because that is no longer part of the great commandment of love.
Hence, loving others is beautiful, but we cannot tolerate poisonous love, because that is no
longer love. Remember, loving yourself must be the first priority, because no one loves oneself more
than loves oneself.
ACTIVITY 5: Short quizzes (2 points each number)
Conceptualization: Choose the letter of the word which does not belong to the group then beside it write the
letter of the concept that binds the remaining words from the choices below. Ex. d-D 1
A. Approaches in finding life’s meaning
according to Frankl
B. Different terms for the soul
C. Examples of Filipino rituals
D. Filipino terms for the soul
E. Ilokano terms for the soul
F.
Visayan terms for the soul
G. Ways of practicing religion
__c-F___1. a. ab-abiik b. aningaas
c. dungan
d. anges
___a-E__2. a. kararwa b. kalag
c. karkarma
d. al-alia
__c-A__3. a. attitudinal b. creative
c. emotional
d. experimental
__c-G___4. a. cult
b. magic
c. ritual
d. witchcraft
__b-C___5. a. buklog
b. fiesta
c. kanyaw
d. harang
c. kauban
d. ikararwa
___a-D__6. a. kaluluwa b. dungan
ACTIVITY 1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge
What are the day-to-day political decisions that you make? How do these decisions affect your routine? (300
words)
Personally, some day-to-day political decisions that I make, includes simple things. For
instances, in every home, there are rules that we should obey, that is set by our own parents. And so,
sometimes, there are things that I want to do, but I can’t do, because it is against the rule. I want to hang
out with friends to unwind from the stressful week of answering modules, however, it is against the rule
because my parents are strict, and therefore, I can’t go with them. I want to buy something for myself,
but I can’t for my parents would not allowed it, because there is a rule to budget my allowance, so, I
should obey them. Thus, these decisions affect my routine, for I felt suffocated and there are times, that
instead of saying my opinion to them, I would not intend to do because I’m afraid that they might
oppose to it. It affects my entire self wholly. I can’t even share my personal opinions, my feelings and
what I want to do, since every time I say so, they’re always against it. Hence, having a home with strict
parents that imposes rules and control their children politically, is not healthy, I am not saying, all of it
are not healthy, but maybe as per experience, well it depends on the head of your family though. Homes
should be controlled democratically, children should also have their own voice, for us to express our
thoughts. For not all things, should be in control by our parents. We are not robots to be controlled of.
And sometimes those homes who had a very controlling heads of the family, most, children tend to
rebel. Lastly, we should always obey to the rules, but if the rules neglect our own rights then maybe we
could talk to the ones set the rules, and tell them what our thoughts about the certain rules we don’t
like.
ACTIVITY 2: POLITICIAN
Politics start at home.
On the space given, list down your family members including yourself (with attached pictures) and indicate to
their name whom you consider as the president, vice president, so on and so forth.
PRESIDENT
TREASURER
VICE PRESIDENT
AUDITOR
BUS. MAN.
SECRETARY
P.I.O
ACTIVITY 3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on The Political Self. Read the text carefully and take note of the essential key terms
that will help you understand the concepts presented.
My Notes:


Philippine System of Government and Politics From the time when the Philippines declared
itself a sovereign state in 1898, the nation has had four major constitutions: (1) the 1899
constitution, which established the first republic in Asia; (2) the 1935constitution, which
served as the basic law during the period of self-government while the Philippines was still
under American rule and after it became independent in 1946; (3) the 1973 constitution,
which allowed Ferdinand Marcos to continue to hold office as president; and (4) the 1987
constitution, upon which the present government is based, which essentially restored
institutions and processes dismantled by Marcos during his regime .
Branches of government
 The Executive Branch - As chief executive, the president has the power to execute
laws.



The president is assisted by a cabinet, which currently comprises twenty-three
departments.
Among the more important departments are Foreign Affairs, National Defense,
Finance, Interior and Local Government, Justice, and Trade and Industry.
Both president and vice president are elected at large for a six-year term with no
possibility of re-election. The executive branch consists of the President and his
Cabinet. The Senate and the House of Representatives make up the bicameral
legislature. The Supreme Court heads the systems of courts under the judicial branch.
 The Legislative Branch - The Philippine Congress is a bicameral body, the upper
house being the Senate and the lower house being the House of Representatives.

These two houses possess equal power, although budgetary bills must originate in
the lower house, while treaty ratification rests exclusively with the upper house.
 Congress consists of a 24-member Senate and a 250-member House of
Representatives. The voters of the entire nation elect senators to six-year terms.
 The Judiciary - Judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and in the lower courts.
Members of the judiciary are chosen by the president from a list of nominees provided
by the Judicial and Bar Council, a constitutional body composed of representatives from
the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, the legal profession, and
the private sector. Once appointed, judges have secure tenure and can serve until the age
of seventy or until they become incapacitated.
 Democracy is not merely a form of government. It is also a form a state as a well society.
It is closely associated with participation, competition and civil and political liberties. It is
order of society.
ACTIVITY 4: ONE MORE TRY
Do you consider Philippine government as truly democratic? Why do you say so?
Philippines is the country where we Filipino people born and lived. And as
a citizen of this country I could say that yes, Philippines is a truly democratic
country, because the country’s sovereignty rests on its citizens where all
government authority proceeds. Additionally, the country’s constitution allows
for a multiparty system which implies that voters are allowed to choose their
preferred leaders including the president. Moreover, the Philippines can be
termed a democracy, an oligarchy and a “banana republic that imports its
bananas”. It is also not far from being a failed state. Its current political system is
a stagnant, repetitive quagmire of vested feudal interests that have bought the
country to its knees, stolen its wallet and kicked its brains out for good measure.
Politics is the process by which the citizenry of a state makes collective decisions.
In a democracy that is taken by elected representatives. The Philippine calls itself
democracy, but I think there is one fundamental flaw in the Philippine political
system, which has allowed all of the country’s problems to occur. Finally, the
Philippine government operates under three branches, legislative, judicial, and
executive, which work interdependently. The separation of powers ensures that
elected officials solely represent the interests of the voters and that none of the
leaders misuse their authority. Therefore, to attain these utmost democracy, we
should practice ourselves to be a responsible citizen. And by that, we would not
let other people to obstruct and took away that democracy.
ACTIVITY 5: Reflection paper
Make your reflection paper on 2016’ National Election.
The Philippine election in the year 2016, is truly define as a life changing
event. The candidates for the national election are some of the high-profile person
in our country. The iron fist, Rodrigo Roa Duterte dominated the Presidential
Election. He wins among all the aspiring candidates. The man with a bad mouth
and a strong heart became the victor of the battle and entitled now as President
Rodrigo Roa Duterte, the 16th President of the Republic of the Philippines. More
than 16 million Filipinos voted for the man dubbed “The Punisher” by many.
Runner up Mar Roxas, the nominated standard-bearer of the previously
incumbent Liberal party under President Benigno Aquino III, trailed Duterte by
more than six million votes. Meanwhile in the vice-Presidential campaign
Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. was narrowly beaten into second place by Mar
Roxas’ running mate, Leni Robredo. It is an election year that leads our country
of big change to our country, for after being elected and sitting on his sit. There
are numerous changes happen, change that brought our country to negativity and
change that brought positivity.
LESSON 1O
ACTIVITY 1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge
What is the average number of hours you spent every day on social media? How this affect
your daily routine? (300 words)
Social media is the new craze of today’s generation, especially to those people who
lived in the city, where internet connection is fast. I can say, maybe 9 out of 10 people has
social media account, even middle ages of today has social media account, they also stick to
the new trend. As a person, whom in early 20’s and a student, the average hours I spent on
social media every day, maybe it could sum up to 7 hours per day, including the late night
sleep. Specially, our classes are through online then, surely I could spend a lot of time on it
every day. And it could really affect my daily routine. Since, previously, when it is not online
class. I could spend the day, taking care of the kids, doing household chores, and having a part
time job, because I am enrolled in the night class, so I could spend the day time with work. But
nowadays, I cannot focus myself with my studies because I had kids to take care of, sometimes,
if we have online discussion, I can’t look up for the kids and cannot do the household chores.
Also, because of the social media sometimes I forgot to do certain task. And it is very
distracting for me, when we had online discussion, then for example there is a notification from
one of my social media accounts, then it makes me curious what was it, then I would open it,
and leave the discussion, that how it truly affects me. Thus, we should have our own time
management and limitation in terms of using social media and the internet. For it is not healthy
anymore, if our life would evolve with using it. Yes, it is useful but over using it is very
harmful, we should not let ourselves be a social media addict.
ACTIVITY 2:
“I was not in my self, five minutes ago” this is sometimes happened to us. We did something crazy that we
regret later.
On the given space narrate your facebook post that makes you feel like “I was not in my self, five minutes
ago”. (if possible screenshot your post and paste it here).
The Facebook post that makes me feel like “I was not in myself, five minutes ago”,
was happened or that specific post was posted year 2016. I got angry with someone that time,
though I am not a kind of person who rant on social media or in Facebook but that time, she
posted first, some mean things about me, though she did not mention my name, but I know I
am the one she is referring with her words. And because of that, I got triggered and it resulted
to, I did post something, I rant on Facebook about our fights. And later on, maybe about 5-10
minutes I realized, and say, “oh my God, this is not me” and so, I deleted the post and somehow,
I did realize that it’s not ok to post personal fights on Social Media for it could not resolve the
problem.
ACTIVITY 3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on The Digital Self. Read the text carefully and take note of the essential key terms
that will help you understand the concepts presented.
My Notes:




The digital self is the persona you use when you’re online. Some people maintain one or
more online identifies that are distinct from their “real world” selves; others have a single
online self-that’s more or less the same as the one they inhabit in the real world.
The increased use of digital media is changing people’s everyday lives and the way they
connect and collaborate in the broader societal context, at work and in civil society.
But not all the impacts of increased use of digital media are positive. Research indicates that
when humans excessively use digital media it can negatively influence their cognitive and
behavioral development and even their mental and physical health.
Clearly, it is important to understand the opportunities and the risks in increased
digital media usage, so that both industry and users can learn how best to exploit
the benefits while mitigating the negative effects.
ACTIVITY 4: ONE MORE TRY Answer briefly.
1. Explain the impact of online interaction on the self.
Online interaction has a great influence on ourselves. It is either negative or positive.
But most of them, especially when a person is a teenager, imply negative effects. For example,
cyberbullying, mobile game addicts, social media addicts, etc. One of the positive effects of
online interaction is that you can make friends online. When you interact with other people
online, you can know something you don’t know, and can express yourself. Therefore, the
influence of online interaction on the self depends on the person himself.
2. What are the differences between online identity and real identity?
Online identity and real identity vary from person to person. Hence, online identity is
the identity you indicate when you use the internet or interact online as an individual. While,
your true identity is you as a person outside of the online world or you as a person in the real
world.
3. Define of digital self.
When we say digital self, we are talking or it is about the self as it exists within digital
spaces. Your digital self is gestalt, in that it exists across whatever medium, web sites, and
services you use. These bits are pieces together to form a whole picture of what it means to
be you, or some aspect of you. This may be carefully curated, or it may be an emergent
property of who you are.
ACTIVITY 5: Essay
How will you behave on social media? How this affect to yourself outside the world of social media?
Cite an example. (300 words)
Each person has different behavior, may it be inside or outside their homes. We have different
manners and approaches depending on the situation and places we are in. I, myself has different
behavior online and offline, but not that big distinction. For instance, I am not that type of person
whom expressive in terms of offline, I can’t express my thoughts and feelings vocally, face to face, yes,
I am friendly and sometimes talkative but with regards to my inner feelings, especially when I’m hurt
I can’t say it personally. But, on social media, I am very flamboyant, I can express easily what I felt,
either I am happy or sad, I can share it through quotes, at least I vent my sadness even with just quote.
However, if I am that friendly in personal or offline, it is very contrary in social media, because, not
that I am saying I am not friendly, but I really don’t talk to strangers, I can’t easily trust someday I met
online and so, I don’t talk to somebody whom I did not know and be friend with them. Somehow, my
behavior in social media affects me outside of it, by making me, an introvert person that only express
herself in social media. That’s how it affects me. Since, as time pass, that the only exit point of my
feelings was social media, and so, I could no longer share my thoughts and feelings personally. Because
of that behavior, it became a habit of mine, that I could not share myself with anybody personally
instead I express my inner me, through social media, through quotes that I’ve posted and I no longer
need someone whom inspired me, for I would only read inspirational messages and quotes on social
media, then it is enough for me. Although, I realized it is not really healthy, because I am no longer
me. I forgot the real world, I ignored real people that could help me and people whom I can share
myself with. However, I am used to it now, in social media I felt freedom that I don’t feel offline,
because of the suffocation that my family brought. Hence, I know that it is not correct and I am trying
to gradually, change that habit. We should take control of ourselves in using social media and make
sure that it will not control us.
LESSON 11
ACTIVITY 1: choose one quotation that fits your personality then reflect it to
yourself.
“Never stop striving to become a better version of you.”
I am just an ordinary person who was also born from an ordinary family. We are no rich
and not also that poor. We are just living ordinarily. I am awakened by the fact that I should strive
more for the betterment of my family’s status. I should work hard to have a much better future.
Thus, I chose the quotation, “Never stop striving to become a better version of you”. Not only to
become better in terms of financial, but also become better personally in the inside. For a better
version of yourself is not seen by the achievements and wealth you have but more it should also
be seen through the goodness of your heart. Hence, to become a better version of you, you should
start it with becoming a good person first.
ACTIVITY 2: LEARNING ACTIVITY
Come up with an effective learning strategy which you can adopt as a student. Indicate the steps that you need
to follow in order to help you make learning truly effective. Make your own Learning style. Make a specific
scenario in a classroom.
The effective Learning Strategy that I think is the question and answer
technique.
Steps to follow:
1. Organize the lessons needed to be learn. Categorize lesson based on their
chapter
2. In each categorized chapter, formulate questions about the concept and
important points in that certain chapter.
3. Answer the formulated questions elaborately.
4. Read, read and reread until the concepts fully understand.
Example learning scenario:
The teacher is assigned you as the reporter. To be able for your classmates
to understand the lesson. Create a game, which you can apply the question and
answer. Make a reward for every student who would got a correct answer and
also give points to those students who would participate.
ACTIVITY 3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on the Srategies for Effective Learning. Read the text carefully and take note of
the essential key terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.
My Notes:
LEARNING TO BE A BETTER PERSON

Students are still in the process of becoming a better person in different aspects. At
this stage of development, their brain’s functioning is a work in progress. Learning
to be a better person entails learning how to handle brain and the corresponding
behavioral changes that it undergoes.
The brain acts as a dense network of fiber pathways that consists of approximately
100 billion neurons which is responsible for all connections among the three
principal parts: stem, cerebellum and cerebrum. Learning can be owed to the
cerebrum, since it is where higher order functions like memory and reasoning occur.
Its tasks become apparent in behavior as each area accomplishes its functions in
hearing, speech, touch, short term memory, language and reasoning
abilities(Ford,2011).
These are some basic metacognitive aids or strategies:
Connecting new information to existing knowledge
Selecting thinking strategies deliberately
Planning, monitoring, and evaluating thinking processes

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ACTIVITY 4: ONE MORE TRY
Read carefully each item and encircle the letter of your choice.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
C
B
A
C
ACTIVITY 6: answer me!
Create your personal and unique strategies in effective learning.
MY LEARNING STRATEGY
The learning strategy that I would create will be jut mnemonics and
understand the concept. Maybe it’s not that unique but at least it is truly effective.
I will just jut down in an index card the mnemonics of the lesson then I will read
and understand the concept, hence, it could be engrave in my memory.
LESSON 12-13
ACTIVITY 1: fill me in!
Write your own words that reflects in your own personality on how you manage to
set your own goals. complete the acronym given, which is s.m.a.r.t.
S> elf reliant person, I would not depend on others in dealing with my goals for I am
afraid to be neglected.
M> indful. I am considerate and understanding with others specially my family, in
terms of their opinions and suggestion about my goals.
A> ltruistic. I am not a selfish person, I could sacrifice myself for the sake of my
family. I am a person who would let my family, specially my siblings achieve their
goals first before mine.
R> elentless. In setting my goals, I should be persistent, for me to achieve it.
T> ough and God fearing. In setting and achieving my goal. I should be tough, to be
able to conquer all the trials. And I should have fear and trust in God, for I know that
He will always guide me through the right way in reaching my goals in life.
ACTIVITY 2:
Read and answer the following questions based on your prior knowledge.
1.
How can setting goals make you successful?
Setting goals makes you successful by using it as a guide. We are setting our
goals for us to have a guide on what we want to do or what we want to be in the future.
Thus, we should follow the goals that we set if we want to be on the right path in
achieving a better future.
2.
Is it important to set goals to yourself?
Yes, of course it is really important, because as what I’ve said, the goals that
we set serves as our guide on how to achieve our wants. And so, it is important, since,
if you have no set goals, there might be a chance that you would lead to the wrong path
that will either steers you to become worthless and lessen your chance to be better or
take you to the long journey on having a better person that would take a long time
instead of having a much better life not easily but not that long, if you set your goal
earlier.
3.
How do I write a goal plan?
Writing a goal plan depends on the person itself. And so, for me, I will write
my goal plan, by starting it with what I want to do and what I want to be in the future.
Then, I would follow, that I should pursue and work hard with my studies, in order to
achieve the main goal. And lastly, I would finish my studies, pass the licensure exam,
find a job, build a home, and to become financially stable. And by that, I would achieve
my main goal and that is to have a brighter and better life. That’s how I write a goal
plan.
ACTIVITY 3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE!
See the attached factsheets on the Setting Goals for Success. Read the text carefully and take note of the
essential key terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.
My Notes:



THE IMPORTANCE OF GOALS – Goals affect performance through four
mechanisms(Locke,2002).
 First, goals serve a directive function; they direct attention and effort toward goalrelevant activities and away from goal-irrelevant activities
 Second, goals have an energizing function. High goals lead to great effort than low
goals.
 Third, goals affect persistence. When participants are allowed to control the time
they, spend on a task, hard goals prolong effort. Faced with a difficult goal, it is
possible to work faster and more intensely for as short period or to work more
slowly and less intensely for a long period.
 Fourth, goals affect action indirectly by leading to the arousal, discovery, and/or use
of task-relevant knowledge and strategies.
 ALBERT BANDURA’S SELF-EFFICACY
Students’ goals can be achieved only if they are worthy of believing these goals can be
achieved. As Gandhi perfectly understood the essential role of self-belief in the Students’
lives. “Your beliefs become your thoughts, your thoughts become your words. Your words
become your actions, your actions become our habits, your habits become your values,
your values become your destiny.”
FOUR (4) MAIN SOURCES OF EFFICACY BELIEFS ( BANDURA ,1997)
•

MASTERY EXPERIENCE. It is also known as personal performance accomplishments; are
the most effective way to create strong sense of efficacy.
• VICARIOUS EXPERIENCE. These are done through observance of social models that also
influence one’s perception of self-efficacy. The most important factor that determines
the strength of influence of an observed success or failure on one’s own self-efficacy is
the degree of similarity between the observe and the model.
• VERBAL OR SOCIAL PERSUASION. It is a “way of strengthening people’s beliefs that they
have what it takes to succeed.” When it is effective in mobilizing a person to action, and
their actions lead to success, the enhanced self-efficacy may become more permanent. It
is influenced by encouragement and discouragement pertaining to an individual’s
performance or ability to perform.
• EMOTIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES. The state a person is in will influence how he
or she judges self-efficacy. Stress reactions or tension are interpreted as signs of
vulnerability to poor performance whereas positive emotions can boost confidence in
skills.
GOAL-SETTING THEORY
Goal setting is something most people recognize as necessary for their success. By
understanding this theory, students can affectively apply it to the goals they set. The best
way to set goals is to look into the pioneering research of Dr. Edwin Locke, and another
researcher who studied the effect of goal setting in the workplace, Dr. Gary Lathan. His
results supported exactly what Locke Had found, and the inseparable connection between
goal setting and workplace performance.
FIVE (5) PRINCIPLES OF GOAL SETTING
• CLARIFY. Clear goals are measurable and unambiguous. When a goal is clear and specific,
with a definite time set for completion, there is less misunderstanding about what
behaviors will be rewarded.
• CHALLENGE. One of the most important characteristics of goals is the level of challenge.
People are often motivated by achievement, and they’ll judge a goal based on the
significance of the anticipated accomplishment. When one knows that what he or she
does will be well received, there is a natural motivation to do a good job. When setting
goals, make each goal a challenge.
• COMMITMENT. Goals must be understood and agreed upon if they are to be effective.it
means that goals should be consistent and in line with previous expectations. The harder
the goal, the more commitment is required.
• FEEDBACK. This provides opportunities to clarify expectations, adjust goal, difficulty, and
gain recognition. It is important to provide benchmark opportunities or targets, so
individuals can determine for themselves how they are doing.
• TASK COMPLEXITY. For goals or assignments that are highly complex, take special care to
ensure that the work doesn’t become too overwhelming. People who work in complicated
and demanding roles probably have a high level of motivation already. However, they can
push themselves too hard if measures are not built into the goal expectations to account
for the complexity of task. It is therefore important to do the following:
 Give the person sufficient time to meet the goal or improve performance.
 Provide enough time for the person to practice or learn what is expected and required for
success.
ACTIVITY 4: ONE MORE TRY!
As a college student, what is your goal to fulfill your course taken today. Set
and write your own goals in a simple term.
First,
To fulfill my taken course, I should have my time management.
Second,
I will have limitations with regards of using or doing unnecessary things.
Third,
I will do and finish my modules and lesson by the set time and if ever there is
something I couldn’t understand, then I will make sure to look for ways to understand
it. Either I research it through Google or ask my instructor for help.
Fourth,
I will do my best, and give my best to finish my studies with my chosen course
whatever it takes.
ACTIVITY 5: my reflection!
CREATE YOUR OWN REFLECTION: 5 TO 10 YEARS FROM NOW WHAT IS YOUR
GOALS IN LIFE, determine the possible difficulties that you might encounter and
discuss how are you going to overcome them.
MY GOALS IN LIFE
As a person with a simple little family. My goals 5 to 10 year from now, would not
be just for myself but for the sake of my own little family. And that goals are to be
financially stable and had a stable job. Also, to have a successful life with my family, to
provide for the needs of my two kids and to secure their future. Although that goals would
never be achieve without hindrances and difficulties. Possible difficulties that I could
encounter is that, first, the lack of finances for my studies, the job opportunities might
also be unlucky, as well as the struggles of everyday living and in providing the needs of
my family. Also, the temptation in my surrounding, the wrong people that I might
encounter who would let me down. Thus, nevertheless, I know I could conquer them all.
I would strive more, I will find ways to handle my finances, and to provide for my needs,
especially financially. And with regards to the wrong people, I know I couldn’t preclude
myself from having those kinds of people, but surely, I know they will bring lessons to
myself, lessons that I would treasure and lessons that will serves as my guide in choosing
the right persons to be with me in achieving my dreams and goals in life. Just remember
to trust God above all, for with Him, I will conquer all.
LESSON 14
ACTIVITY 1: find me in the puzzle word! (encircle 10 words inside the box). The word
may appear horizontally and diagonally.
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ACTIVITY 2:
Read and answer the following questions based on your prior knowledge.
1. What is stress management in simple words?
Stress management means how you would deal with your stress. Or for the word management,
how would you manage or control your stress. Stress management refers to the ways on how would
a person cope and survive with the stress he/she is suffering from.
2. How can I solve my stress?
Solving a person’s stress, is depending on how he would cope with it. And on what stage he/she
is in his/her stress. If the stress is very severe, then the person might consult some counseling.
However, if the stress is not that bad, then there are several simple ways in solving it. First is, you
should know where is that stress coming from or what is the source of your stress then, you may look
for some ways to solve it. It can be also, solving it through unwinding and give yourself a rest and
relax. Thus, dealing with stress depends on the person itself, no one can pursue you if you don’t want
to solve your stress, for it depends on you and only you can solve it.
3. What are the sources of stress?
There are numerous sources of stress, some sources include; stress because of work, studies or
lessons, stress because of some hardheaded people or siblings, and stress because of financial
problems or any sorts of problems. Thus, sources of stress vary among people, some has the same
sources but some also is not.
ACTIVITY 3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on the Stress Management (Taking Care of One’s Health). Read the text carefully
and take note of the essential key terms that will help you understand the concepts presented.
My Notes:

Stressors are situations that are experienced as perceived threat to one’s well-being or
position in life, when the challenge of dealing with which, exceeds the person’s perceived
available resources
There are two broad categories of stressors, according to the Center for Studies on Human
Stress (2017).

 PHYSIOLOGICAL (or physical)
Stressors are those that put strain on the body.
 Examples: very cold/hot temperatures, injury, chronic illness, or pain.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL
 Stressors are events, situations, individuals, comments, or anything we interpret as negative
or threatening.
 Examples: not being able to review your notes for the exam as you are taking care of your
sick parent in the hospital.
Moreover, scientists are now proposing that stressors can be further divided into two:

Absolute Stressors. Those to which everyone exposed would interpret as being stressful.
 These are objective stressors that are universal, Examples: earthquakes, a tsunami, or
events of September 11th 2001.
Relative Stressors. Are those to which only some persons exposed would interpret as being
stressful.
 These are subjective stressors that cause different reactions in different people, Examples:
time pressure at work and school traffic, paying taxes or skills, writing or taking an exam.

SOURCES OF COPING
As mentioned earlier, stress is a negative experience, usually accompanied by emotional,
physiological, cognitive, and behavioral adjustments. The term, coping, according to Lazarus &
Folkman (1984), is the process of attempting to manage the demands created by stressful
events that are appraised as taxing or exceeding a person’s resources. Among the coping
resources to improve the ability to manage stressful events and better health outcomes include
optimism, psychological control or mastery, self-esteem, and social support.
•
•
•
OPTIMISM refers to the outcome expectations that good things rather than bad things
will happen to the self (Scheier et.al 1994).
PERSONAL CONTROL OR MASTERY refers to wether a person feels able to control or
influence outcomes (Thompson,1981).
SELF- ESTEEM that is positive and high, is also protective against adverse mental and
physical health outcomes, thereby contributing to better psychological well-being. Selfesteem is often defined as an individual’s self-perception of his/her abilities, skills, and
overall qualities that guides and/or motivates specific cognitive processes and behaviors
(McCrae & Costa, 1988).
•
SOCIAL SUPPORT is defined as the perception or experience that one is loved and cared
for by others, esteemed and valued, and part of a social network of mutual assistance and
obligations ( Wills,1991).
ACTIVITY 4: ONE MORE TRY!
Read carefully each item and encircle the letter of your choice.
1. It is a source of coping that refers to the outcome expectancies that good things rather than bad things
will happen to the self.
C. optimism
C. mastery
D. self-esteem
D. social support
2. It is a source of coping that refers to whether a person feels able to control or influence outcomes.
C. optimism
C. mastery
D. self-esteem
D. social support
3. Is defined as the perception or experience that one is loved and cared for by others, esteemed and
valued.
C. compassion
C. social support
D. stressor
D. self-explanation
4. Is positive and high, is also protective against adverse mental and physical health outcomes, thereby
contributing to better psychological well-being.
C. compassion
C.social support
D. self-esteem
D. self-explanation
5. Are events , situations, individuals, comments, or anything we interpret as negative or threatening.
C. physiological
C. psychological
D. stressor
D. optimism
ACTIVITY 5: my reflection!
DESCRIBE: How you and your family experience stress. How are you able to overcome stress?
Write down your thoughts and feelings in no less than 300 words.
Every family experience stress, it is really a normal thing. Just this days, my family experience
stress, a lot of stress, for numerous reasons. First, my mother got a formal charge for an administrative
case, for the reason of she let her teacher mark absent at her Daily Time Record, of course she would
let her teacher marks absent because she is really absent. Then, we got scammed by someone and
took about more or less 70,000 pesos. And, we are currently facing a huge debt and we don’t know
how to pay it. It is truly stressful for our family. I am currently, suffering depression because of it. My
mother cried during night thinking of how we could pay all our existing debts and bills. And as for me,
I cried during night until I fell asleep, knowing that I couldn’t help them. And the worst thing is, I am
the exit point of my mother’s stress, every time she is angry, she would get mad at me, and shout at
me. And so, I got depress, questioning myself, what did I do wrong? Or maybe, I would just say, “ah,
she is mad at me because I couldn’t help them financially”. Thus, somehow I am overcoming this stress
and depression of mine, by making myself surrounded by people who makes me laugh, my friends
and my classmates, also, making myself busy with my studies, so that I could forgot the problems in
my head and cover it with lesson. And my family, is overcoming it, somehow by slowly moving on and
looking for ways to pay obligations. And lastly, we are overcoming it together through the guidance
of God. We always pray, me and my family is very close to the church, my mother is a lector and my
father is a pianist on our church choir, and I think it is a great help for us on facing and surmounting
our stress as a family.
LESSON 15-16
ACTIVITY 1: Let’s DO THIS!
Arrange the scrambled words given; then write it on the blank:
1. Passioncom
2. Care-self
3. Ovel
4. Motionale
5. Pirituals
6. Physcali
7. Phatyem
8. Nesskind
9. Happiness
10. Uffers
COMPASSION
SELF-CARE
LOVE
EMOTIONAL
SPIRITUAL
PHYSICAL
SYMPATHY
KINDNESS
HAPPINESS
SUFFER
ACTIVITY 2: read me!
See the attached factsheets about the “parable” of 1,000 Php BILL”. Then write
your own thoughts inside the space provided.
The world evolves with different people, different personality and with
different perspective in life. As reading the parable, I realized something, and that is,
some people don’t see the value of things, like the rich man, for the reason that he is
rich, he just throws away the money whom he scratched to the poor man. He doesn’t
even know that it has of great value to the poor man. Moreover, being overly
confident because you have everything is really a bad thing like the rich man did. And
we should never step on someone, may it be someone poor or someone rich we
should never criticize and degrade somebody base on their status in life, let’s just
respect each other. For even you are the richest person in the world you have no rights
to degrade the poorest person in the world, because that person is also a human
being, living freely and with rights. It is so, disappointing thinking of how the world
changes people because of money. It is so, upsetting how the judges you based on
your financial status. We should not tolerate that kind of world. Thus, we should learn
to help one another and care for one another, to raise ourselves and be united to fight
criticism and eradicate poverty.
ACTIVITY 3: EXPAND YOUR KNOWLEDGE
See the attached factsheets on the Values Formation Seminar (The Need for Self Care and Compassion).
Read the text carefully and take note of the essential key terms that will help you understand the concepts
presented.
My Notes:

self-care is engaging in activities and behaviors that have a positive effect on one’s
mental and physical health (Greene,2017). She adds that there’s a bit of “reverse
golden rule” aspect to the practice; that is to treat yourself as compassionately as
you treat others.

Ways to engage in self-care:
• Physical self-care: eating well, exercising regularly, prioritizing sleep and taking
care of health.
• Emotional self-care: managing anxiety, anger, sadness, and other emotions.
Setting boundaries with people who are not positive or supportive. Spending
time alone to rest and recharge. Maintaining a bullet journal.
•


Spiritual self-care:
mindfulness.
volunteering,
connecting
with
nature,
meditation,
Compassion Is wishing for that person to be free from suffering
various forms of compassion
 Familial Compassion is the seed of compassion, planted through the caregiveroffspring bond. It raises very interesting questions about people who were
brought up without a single caregiver, or were brought up with a parent who
had a very distant attachment.
 Global Compassion was exemplified by the response to the 2004 Indian Ocean
tsunami. People around the world extended assistance to the strangers, or
different races and skin colors. Now, that not everyone has it, a lot of people
acted, and a lot of people didn’t. How does one cultivate global compassion?
Consider the survival of children and grandchildren. Because planet earth won’t
survive without global compassion.
 Sentient compassion is when one extends feelings of compassion towards
cockroaches, toward any living being. When people got sentient, they also got
global; sentient is the highest moral virtue.
 Heroic Compassion is like altruism with a risk. It has two forms: Immediate
Heroic Compassion is when, without thought, one jumps onto the MRT tracks
to rescue someone. It is impulsive. Considered Heroic Compassion isn’t done
impulsively; it is done with thought, and it can be maintained for many years.
ACTIVITY 4: ONE MORE TRY!
Read carefully each item and encircle the letter of your choice.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Is wishing for that person to be free from suffering. Or literally means “to suffer together”.?
A. Self-care
C. Emotional care
B. Compassion
D. Spiritual care
Eating well, exercising regularly, prioritizing sleep and taking care of health?
A. Spiritual self-care
C. Emotional self-care
B. Physical self-care
D. Compassion
Is the act of volunteering, connecting with nature, meditation, mindfulness?
A. Spiritual self-care
C. Emotional self-care
B. Physical self-care
D. Compassion
Managing anxiety, anger, sadness, and other emotions. Setting boundaries with people who are not
positive or supportive.?
A. Emotional self-care
C. Physical self-care
B. Spiritual self-care
D. Compassion
Is engaging in activities and behaviors that have an effect on one’s mental and physical health.?
A. Emotional self-care
C. Self- care
B. Spiritual self-care
D. Physical self-care
ACTIVITY 5: enumeration
(1-4) Give the 4 various form of compassion.




Familial Compassion
Global Compassion
Sentient Compassion
Heroic Compassion
(1-3) 3 WAYS TO ENGAGE IN SELF-CARE



Physical Self-care
Emotional Self-care
Spiritual Self-care
ACTIVITY 6: ESSAY
What is your own insights about the quotation “love the life given by god to you.
Be compassionate to yourself and others!”
Life is a wonderful gift given by God. My insights about the quotation,
“Love the life given by God to you, be compassionate to yourself and others”. It
tells us, human being that we should not waste our lives doing terrible things and
actions that is abide by His rules. Hence, we should make our lives meaningful
enough by helping others, sharing goodness to co-humanity and doing great
things not just for others but also for yourself. Do not depend your life to
something or someone that isn’t worth it at all. Thus, do good things with your
life and He will bless you.