<h1>Which method listed is NOT a method for obtaining a peptide?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>Edman degradation</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which amino acid would MOST likely be found in the interior of a water‑soluble protein?</h1><br>leucine
<h1>What generally happens during a successful enzyme purification protocol (comparing crude extract to the final product)?</h1><br><div>Activity decreases and specific activity increases.</div><br>
<h1>Which of the listed amino acids has the MOST acidic side chain group?</h1><br>Asp
<h1>What is the approximate molecular mass of a protein consisting of 150 amino acids?</h1><br>16.5 kDa
<h1>What is the net charge of the oligopeptide Ala–Glu–Asn–Leu–Lys at pH 1?</h1><br>+1
<h1>What is the order of protein migration, from shortest to longest, in SDS gel electrophoresis if the original mixture contains protein A (<i>M</i>_r 27,000), protein B (<i>M</i>_r 58,400), protein C (homodimer with protomer <i>M</i>_r11,300), and protein D (<i>M</i>_r 15,600)?</h1><br>B,A,C,D
<h1>Tyrosine has three p<i>K</i>_a values of 2.20, 9.11, and 10.07. What is the calculated pI of tyrosine?</h1><br>(9.11 +2.20)/ 2 = 5.66
<h1>What is the approximate molecular mass of a protein that comprises 100 amino acids?</h1><br>11 kDa
"<h1>Which statement is FALSE regarding a protein's amino acid sequence?</h1><br>"<div>The amino acid sequence elucidates protein function.</div><br>
<h1>In the cation exchange chromatography of amino acids, where the elution buffer is applied as a gradient from low pH to high pH, what is the order of elution (first to last) of a mixture of glycine, aspartate, and arginine?</h1><br><div>aspartate, glycine, arginine</div><br>
"<h1>Which protease forms the following peptide fragments? Glu–Arg–Met–Val–Phe Val–Ala–Pro–Met–Thr–Ala–Phe Asn–Gln–His–Met–Lys–Trp Arg–Lys–Gly–Ala–Cys–Met–Asp–Tyr</h1><span style=""color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"">Please&nbsp;</span>"<div>chymotrypsin</div><br>
"<h1>What is the approximate molecular mass of an oligopeptide with amino acid sequence Ala–Gly–Asp–Leu–Lys–Arg–Gln–Lys–Leu–Lys–Ala–Glu–Arg–Leu–Pro?</h1><span style=""color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"">Please&nbsp;</span>"1.7 dDa
<h1>Glycine has two ionizable groups with p<i>K</i>_a values of 2.34 and 9.60. What is the average net charge of glycine at pH 9.60?</h1><br>-0.5
<h1>What is the specific activity of an 8 mL purified enzyme sample that converts 450 <i>μ</i>mole of its substrate to product per minute at 25 °C when the protein content is 10 mg/mL?</h1><br><div>5.6 units/mg</div><br>
<h1>Which statement regarding amino acids is TRUE?</h1><br><div>They are not all used in making proteins.</div><br>
<h1>Edman degradation:</h1><br><div>identifies the N‑terminal amino acid of a peptide.</div><br>
<h1>Chemical synthesis of peptides by the Merrifield method:</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>proceeds from the carboxyl terminus to the amino terminus.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>What is proteostasis?</h1><div><div><div><div><div>the continuous maintenance of an active set of cellular proteins</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which statement is TRUE regarding salt bridges?</h1><br><div>Salt bridge strength is greater in hydrophobic environments than in polar environments.</div><br>
<h1>Which statement describes a prion?</h1><br><div>a normally occurring protein that adopts a disease‑causing conformation</div><br>
<h1>Which statement is true regarding troponin C?</h1><br><div>It has two calcium‑binding domains.</div><br>
<h1>What is the role of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)?</h1><br><div>to exchange specific covalent bond formation until the proper native conformation forms</div><br>
<h1>If you found a novel protein that has similarities to seven transmembrane G proteins, which method would be BEST to suggest possible protein folding patterns?</h1><br><div>molecular dynamics simulations</div><br>
<h1>The <i>α</i> helix is:</h1><br><div>affected by the identities of the residues near each end.</div><br>
<h1>Which answer choice is an example of a complex motif made up from a simple motif?</h1><br><div><i>β</i>–<i>α</i>–<i>β</i>&nbsp;loops →&nbsp;<i>α</i>/<i>β</i>&nbsp;barrel</div><br>
<h1>Why was the ribonuclease A denaturation experiment repeated with a chemically synthesized enzyme?</h1><br><div>to eliminate the possibility that an impurity in the native enzyme enabled refolding</div><br>
<h1>What conclusion can be drawn regarding a protein enriched with small and charged amino acids?</h1><br><div>This protein may be water soluble, but it is disordered and not stable.</div><br>
<h1>The <i>β</i> sheet:</h1><br>is primarily stabalised by hydrogen bonds
<h1>Which protein characteristic is NOT associated with proteostasis?</h1><br>structure
<h1>What is the result of applying a strong, static magnetic field to a solution containing a single type of macromolecule?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>magnetic dipoles align either in parallel or antiparallel orientations</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which structure will NOT be found on a Ramachandran plot?</h1><br><div>collagen double helix</div><br>
<h1>Which statement about myoglobin is FALSE?</h1><br><div>Myoglobin is a relatively large, oxygen‑binding protein.</div><br>
<h1>Which statement does NOT describe how computers aid structural biology studies?</h1><br><div>Computers track protein folding in real time.</div><br>
<h1>Which statement does NOT describe a benefit of molecular dynamics simulations?</h1><br><div>It provides hard evidence for the dynamics of protein folding.</div><br>
<h1>What is the mechanism for protein denaturation by extreme pH?</h1><br><div>altering the net charge on a protein</div><br>
<h1>Which technique determines the structure of a protein in solution?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which technique generates the structure of a protein quick‑frozen in non‑crystalline ice?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>cryo‑electron microscopy (cryo‑EM)</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
"<h1>Which statement is TRUE regarding the interactions contributing to a protein's conformation?</h1><br>"<div>Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure depends on weak interactions.</div><br>
<h1>Which of these diseases is NOT associated with protein misfolding?</h1><br><div>type 1 diabetes mellitus</div><br>
"<h1>What is the name of the structure in the figure? <a href=""https://learningcurve.macmillanlearning.com/question_pics/lehninger8e_fig_4_1_parallelbetasheet_edit.jpg""></a><a href=""https://learningcurve.macmillanlearning.com/question_pics/lehninger8e_fig_4_1_parallelbetasheet_edit.jpg""><img src=""https://learningcurve.macmillanlearning.com/question_pics/lehninger8e_fig_4_1_parallelbetasheet_edit.jpg""></a></h1><br>"&nbsp;parallel&nbsp;<i>β</i>&nbsp;sheet<div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which formation is NOT a stable, prominent, or widely occurring secondary structure?</h1><br>disulfide bonds
<h1>Which of the terms describes the thermodynamic process of converging many conformational options to a single native conformation?</h1><br>free-energy funnel
<h1>What is the difference between a family and a superfamily of proteins?</h1><br><div>A family consists of proteins having similar primary structures and/or similar functions and tertiary structures, whereas a superfamily consists of families that do not have similar primary structures but do have similar functions and tertiary structures.</div><br>
<h1>What is the relationship between the noncovalent bonding observed in protein folding, free energy, and stability?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>The number of noncovalent bonds is directly related to Δ<i>G</i>&nbsp;and stability.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which statement does NOT describe one of the benefits of x‑ray crystallography?</h1><br><div>It needs very small amounts of purified protein.</div><br>
<h1>Which factor is NOT a constraint for <i>α</i> helix formation?</h1><br><div>the occurrence of histidine and alanine residues</div><br>
<h1>Which statement is TRUE regarding the oligomeric protein hemoglobin?</h1><br><div>The quaternary structure consists of two&nbsp;<i>α</i>&nbsp;subunits and two&nbsp;<i>β</i>&nbsp;subunits.</div><br>
<h1>What statement does NOT describe one of the benefits of cryo‑electron microscopy (cryo‑EM)?</h1><br><div>Analysis does not require state‑of‑the‑art computer resources.</div><br>
<h1>Which characteristic is NOT a searchable category in the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP2) database?</h1><br><div>amino acid sequence</div><br>
<h1>What is a Fourier transform?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>a computer‑generated mathematical technique used in x‑ray crystallography</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>What resource is necessary to fully analyze data output from cryo‑electron microscopy (cryo‑EM)?</h1><br>computer algorithms
"<h1>The heme group contains <span style=""font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"">________</span>, which binds oxygen.</h1><br>"Fe²⁺
<h1>Where in the body are lymphocytes and macrophages produced?</h1><br>in the bone marrow
<h1>The protein myosin has how many subunits?</h1><br>6
"<h1>Oxygen can be considered an <span style=""font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"">________</span> modulator of hemoglobin.</h1><br>"activating homotrophic
"<h1>What does the ""T"" in T cells mean/indicate?</h1><br>"<div><div><div><div><div>Their latter stages of development occur in the thymus.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Why do humans need hemoglobin as an oxygen carrier?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>Oxygen has a low solubility in blood plasma.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>The particular chemical group or groups in a macromolecule to which a given antibody binds is BEST defined as the:</h1><br><div>epitope.</div><br>
<h1>The flat membranous vesicles surrounding a myofibril is called:</h1><br><div>the sarcoplasmic reticulum.</div><br>
<h1>Which factor increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?</h1><br>increase in pH
<h1>Which immunoglobulin exists as either a monomer, dimer, or trimer in secretions such as saliva, tears, and milk?</h1><br>IgA
<h1>Which of these skeletal muscle structures is the smallest?</h1><br>Z disk
<h1>Which type of globin is NOT found in humans and other mammals?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>leghemoglobin (red protein that binds to oxygen and is gound in root nodules of legumious plants)</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which statement regarding immunoglobulin binding and specificity for the antigen is FALSE?</h1><br><div>Receptors on the Fc region surface recognize and bind the antigen.</div><br>
<h1>Which of these skeletal muscle structures is the largest?</h1><br>muscle fiber
<h1>Which statement does NOT reflect one of the changes involved in the T→R transition as oxygen binds hemoglobin?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>The space between&nbsp;<i>α</i>&nbsp;subunits widens.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
"<h1>An arrow points to part of the immunoglobulin structure. What is the name of this portion of the structure? </h1><h1><a href=""https://learningcurve.macmillanlearning.com/question_pics/lehninger8e_fig_5_2_antibody_hingeregion_edit.png""></a><a href=""https://learningcurve.macmillanlearning.com/question_pics/lehninger8e_fig_5_2_antibody_hingeregion_edit.png""><img src=""lehninger8e_fig_5_2_antibody_hingeregion_edit.png""></a></h1><br>"hinge
<h1>The hydrolysis of ATP by actin serves what function?</h1><br><div>assembles actin filaments</div><br>
<h1>Which statement regarding oxygen binding to hemoglobin is TRUE?</h1><br><div>The electronic properties of heme iron changes, altering the color of the blood.</div><br>
<h1>Which statement is TRUE about a Hill plot?</h1><br><div>If the slope is greater than 1, ligand binding is cooperative.</div><br>
<h1>Which statement regarding monoclonal antibodies is TRUE?</h1><br><div>Antibodies synthesized by identical B cells bind the same antigen epitope.</div><br>
<h1>Which statement is TRUE about the binding of O₂ or CO to free heme in comparison to the binding to heme associated with myoglobin?</h1><br><div>The heme in myoglobin has enhanced binding of O₂&nbsp;as compared to free heme.</div><br>
<h1>What happens immediately after ATP hydrolyzes after binding to myosin?</h1><br>"<div>myosin's conformational changes to a ""high-energy"" state allowing it to weakly bind an F‑actin subunit closer to the Z disk</div><br>"
<h1>The process stimulated by helper T cells that selectively stimulates the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and B cells that can bind to a particular antigen is called:</h1><br>clonal selection
<h1>The effect of pH on the binding of O₂ to hemoglobin is called the:</h1><br>Bohr effect
<h1>What is carboxyhemoglobin?</h1><br>hemoglobin with bound carbon monoxide
<h1>What is the ATP consumption for one myosin head in a muscle contraction lasting 1 minute if the power stroke rate is 5 cycles/second?</h1><br>300 ATP
<h1>Individuals with sickle cell anemia:</h1><br><div>need to inherit two copies of the mutated globin gene to express the full disorder.</div><br>
<h1>Which proteins regulate the interaction between actin and myosin so that skeletal muscle contraction occurs only in response to appropriate signals from the nervous system?</h1><br><div>tropomyosin‑troponin complex</div><br>
"<h1>A scientist injects a viral protein coat (non-pathogenic) into a rabbit. The rabbit's immune system will likely:</h1><br>"<div>produce polyclonal antibodies specific to the virus.</div><br>
<h1>Which description is associated with immunoglobulin G?</h1><br>most abundant immunoglobin
<h1>How does working skeletal muscle exemplify two common molecular protein functions: protein‑ligand interaction and enzyme?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>The actin‑myosin interaction is a protein‑ligand interaction and myosin acts as an ATPase.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>What type of antibody comes from a clone and recognizes a single epitope?</h1><br>monoclonal
<h1>The heme prosthetic group:</h1><br><div>consists of protoporphyrin and an iron (II) ion.</div><br>
<h1>Which immunoglobulin binds to the pathogen and activates macrophages to engulf and destroy the whole antibody‑pathogen complex?</h1><br>IgG
<h1>What prevents the binding of myosin to actin in skeletal muscle?</h1><br>troponin I
<h1>Regarding the models of cooperativity:</h1><br><div>the T state is low affinity and the R state is high affinity.</div><br>
<h1>Which class of immunoglobulins is the first to be made by B lymphocytes and the major antibody to be produced in the early stages of a primary immune response?</h1><br>IgM
<h1>Which statement regarding A bands is FALSE?</h1><br><div>A sarcomere is a group of A bands.</div><br>
<h1>How does sickle cell anemia change the conformation of hemoglobin, and what effect does this have on oxygen binding?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>Oxygen binding decreases because deoxygenated HbS aggregates and distorts erythrocytes.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which amino acid describes possible glycosidic linkages that occur between the carbohydrate and protein in a glycoprotein?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>asparagine,&nbsp;<i>N</i>-linked; serine,&nbsp;<i>O</i>-linked; threonine,&nbsp;<i>O</i>-linked</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>What are selectins?</h1><br><div>a family of plasma membrane lectins that mediate cell-cell recognition and adhesion</div><br>
<h1>Which reagent removes the head group from a glycolipid for oligosaccharide analysis?</h1><br>lipase
<h1>How many epimers of D-glucose exist in its linear form?</h1><br>3
"<h1>Which polysaccharide segment is shown? <br><a href=""https://learningcurve.macmillanlearning.com/question_pics/lehninger8e_LehnFigure7_19a.png""></a><a href=""https://learningcurve.macmillanlearning.com/question_pics/lehninger8e_LehnFigure7_19a.png""><img src=""lehninger8e_LehnFigure7_19a.png""></a><br></h1><span style=""color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"">Please&nbsp;</span>"amylose
<h1>Which amino acid residue covalently joins glycosaminoglycans to core proteins?</h1><br>serine
<h1>What is the result when oligosaccharides hydrolyze in the presence of a strong acid?</h1><br>a mixture of monosaccharides
<h1>What is the systematic name of the disaccharide lactose (<i>β</i> form)?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div><i>β</i>-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranose</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>What is the main benefit of storing glucose in a cell as a polysaccharide (e.g., glycogen) instead of as free glucose?</h1><br><div>Compared to the same number of free glucose molecules, a polysaccharide has far less effect on osmolarity.</div><br>
<h1>Which proteoglycan has a single transmembrane domain and an extracellular domain bearing three to five chains of glycosaminoglycan?</h1><br>"<span style=""color: rgb(56, 56, 56); background-color: rgb(218, 244, 212);"">syndecan</span>"
<h1>Which technique is NOT usually employed in analyzing oligosaccharides and polysaccharides?</h1><br><div>SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis</div><br>
<h1>Which repeating disaccharide unit is mismatched with its polymer name?</h1><br><div>Hyaluronan; GalA and Fru</div><br>
<h1>Which statement is false regarding selectins?</h1><br><div>Selectins bind epithelial glycoproteins in the capillary near wound sites.</div><br>
<h1>What glycoconjugate makes a good substrate for carbohydrate analysis using affinity chromatography?</h1><br>lectins
<h1>Which carbohydrates do NOT typically cyclize in aqueous solutions?</h1><br>trioses
<h1>Which statement is false regarding the mechanism that removes sialic acid residues from serum glycoproteins?</h1><br><div>It may be due to asialoglycoprotein receptor catalytic activity.</div><br>
<h1>What role does hydrogen bonding play in the structure of starch and glycogen?</h1><br><div>They stabilize the tightly coiled helix.</div><br>
<h1>Which feature is consistently observed in glycoproteins?</h1><br><div>type of biomolecule attached to the oligosaccharide</div><br>
<h1>Lectins are found:</h1><br><div>on the surface of hepatocytes.</div><br>
<h1>What effect does lectin have on the blood levels of luteinizing hormone and thyrotropin?</h1><br><div>Blood levels undergo a periodic rise and fall due to pulsatile pituitary secretion and constant hepatocyte destruction, respectively.</div><br>
<h1>There are billions of possible oligosaccharide structures due to variations in glycosidic bond linkages, branch lengths, sulfonation position, and bound amino acids. What factors limit the availability of oligosaccharides to the subset actually found in nature?</h1><br><div>biosynthetic enzyme restrictions and precursor availability</div><br>
<h1>A carbohydrate chemist has a sample containing one type of oligonucleotide. Which experiment should the chemist do to determine the composition of this oligonucleotide?</h1><br><div>hydrolysis with strong acid, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis</div><br>
<h1>A carbohydrate chemist has a sample containing monosaccharides. What process does the chemist need to perform in order to determine the type and quantity of the monosaccharide units by gas-liquid chromatography?</h1><br><div>derivatization</div><br>
<h1>Which statement is false regarding bacterial cell walls?</h1><br><div>Peptidoglycan is a homopolymer chain with (<i>α</i>1→4) linkages.</div><br>
<h1>What disaccharide do hepatocyte lectins interact with on luteinizing hormone and thyrotropin molecules?</h1><br><div>the ending disaccharide GalNAc4S(<i>β</i>1→4)GlcNAc</div><br>
<h1>What is the first interaction allowing an immune cell to arrive at an inflammation site to have its effect?</h1><br><div>P-selectin interacts with a leukocyte surface glycoprotein to slow the leukocyte.</div><br>
<h1>Why is lysozyme a useful reagent to use near the beginning of a bacterial DNA isolation protocol?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>Lysozyme hydrolyzes glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycan, which aids in cell lysis.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>What must occur for a polysaccharide to be branched?</h1><br><div>At least one monosaccharide unit must be simultaneously bonded to three other monosaccharide units by glycosidic bonds.</div><br>
<h1>A carbohydrate chemist has a sample containing one type of oligonucleotide. Which experiment will NOT help the chemist determine the position and configuration of glycosidic bonds?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>hydrolysis with strong acid, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which statement is false regarding disaccharides?</h1><br><div>The terminal —CH₂OH group is called the reducing end.</div><br>
<h1>What detection methods aid oligosaccharide analysis?</h1><br><div>nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry</div><br>
<h1>A carbohydrate chemist plans to use blocking groups and activating groups in a research project. What type of experiment is the chemist likely planning?</h1><br><div>solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis</div><br>
<h1>Which components comprise the lipid A region of a lipopolysaccharide?</h1><br><div>six fatty acid residues and two phosphorylated glucosamines</div><br>
<h1>Glycine and alanine form two possible dipeptides: Gly–Ala and Ala–Gly. How many possible disaccharides can be formed from two molecules of <i>α</i>-D-glucopyranose, using <i>O</i>-glycosidic bonds?</h1><br>5
<h1>What cells depend on Neu5Ac for protection from hepatic degradation?</h1><br><div>erythrocytes</div><br>
<h1>What is the defining characteristic of a wax?</h1><br><div>esters of long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with long-chain alcohols</div><br>
<h1>All the lipids present in a specific cell type under particular conditions is called the:</h1><br>"<span style=""color: rgb(56, 56, 56); background-color: rgb(218, 244, 212);"">lipidome</span>"
<h1>Taurocholic acid, a cholesterol derivative, is an example of a(n):</h1><br><div>bile acid that emulsifies dietary fats.</div><br>
<h1>Which is NOT a secondary metabolite?</h1><br><div>carotene (a dye)</div><br>
<h1>Phospholipases A, C, and D each split particular bonds in phospholipids to yield products with characteristic:</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>solubilities and chromatographic behaviors.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
"<h1>The process of partial hydrogenation of commercial vegetable oils leads to health problems in humans who consume them because of the conversion of some <span style=""font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"">_____</span> double bonds into _____ bonds.</h1><br>"<div>cis; trans double</div><br>
"<h1>In eukaryotes, cardiolipin is found almost exclusively in the <span style=""font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"">_____</span> membrane, and it is synthesized in the _____.</h1><br>"<div>inner mitochondrial; mitochondria</div><br>
<h1>Which type of lipid gives bird feathers their striking colors?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>lipidic conjugated dienes</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which could NOT be used to readily extract waxes from tissues?</h1><br>ethanol
<h1>Which membrane lipid is categorized by a rigid system of four fused hydrocarbon rings?</h1><br>sterols
<h1>Which could NOT be used to readily extract triacylglycerols from tissues?</h1><br>ethanol
"<h1><span style=""font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"">_____</span> catalyze the removal of fatty acids from glycerophospholipids by hydrolysis of the ester linkage.</h1><br>"<div>Type A phospholipases</div><br>
"<h1><i>β</i>-carotene is: <a href=""https://learningcurve.macmillanlearning.com/question_pics/lehninger8e_LCch10_cleavage.png""></a><a href=""https://learningcurve.macmillanlearning.com/question_pics/lehninger8e_LCch10_cleavage.png""><img src=""https://learningcurve.macmillanlearning.com/question_pics/lehninger8e_LCch10_cleavage.png""></a></h1><br>"<div>able to generate two molecules of all-<i>trans</i>-retinol when cleaved</div><br>
<h1>What is a common solvent combination used for lipid extraction from tissues and cells?</h1><br>chloroform/methanol/water
<h1>Fats with higher levels of C₁₆ and C₁₈ saturated fatty acids have higher melting temperatures, and thus are more solid at room temperature. Rank olive oil, beef fat, and butter from highest to lowest levels of these C₁₆and C₁₈ saturated fatty acids.</h1><br>beaf fat, butter, olive oil
<h1>Which is a defining characteristic of sphingomyelins?</h1><br><div>They contain phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine as their polar head group.</div><br>
"<h1>In gas chromatography, phospholipids must be <span style=""font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"">_____</span> before being loaded onto the column.</h1><br>""<span style=""color: rgb(56, 56, 56); background-color: rgb(218, 244, 212);"">transesterified</span>"
<h1>In which ways can dietary intake of trans fatty acids contribute to a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>They raise the levels of triacylglycerols and LDL cholesterol and lower the level of HDL cholesterol.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which is NOT found in sphingolipids?</h1><br>glycerol
<h1>Which would be BEST to readily extract membrane lipids from tissues?</h1><br>ethanol
<h1>Which is NOT a feature of lipids found in archaea?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>They are less stable than lipids that have several ester links.</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<h1>Which vitamin is mismatched with its function?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>vitamin D₃, Na⁺/K⁺&nbsp;regulation</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
<div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><h1>Which technique utilizes a silica gel-coated plate partially submerged in a solvent, housed in a chamber with solvent vapor, to separate lipid mixtures?</h1><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>thin-layer chromatography&nbsp;
<h1>Which is NOT true of an adsorption chromatography column?</h1><br><div>In high-performance liquid chromatography, the column itself is of a larger diameter.</div><br>
<h1>Which isoprenoid compound would be prescribed by a doctor to prevent excessive blood clotting, and why?</h1><br><div>warfarin, it inhibits the formation of active prothrombin</div><br>
<h1>Which technique is BEST for determining structural features in a lipid such as chain length, position of double bonds, and the overall structure?</h1><br>mass spectrometry
"<h1>The eluate from a chromatography column can be further sampled by <span style=""font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"">_____</span> to separate and identify the lipid components.</h1><br>"<div>mass spectrometry</div><br>
<h1>Which eicosanoid is mismatched with a biological effect?</h1><br><div>thromboxanes, regulate blood pressure</div><br>
<h1>What is the mobile phase used in gas chromatography (GC)?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>an inert gas such as helium</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>
"<h1>Cerebrosides containing <span style=""font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"">_____</span> are characteristically found in the plasma membranes of cells in _____ tissue.</h1><br>"galactose; neutral
<h1>Gangliosides may be designated GM, GD, GT, or GQ. What information does this designation provide?</h1><br><div>the number of sialic acid units attached</div><br>
<h1>In gas chromatography, the order of elution of lipids off the column does NOT depend on the:</h1><br><div>type of inert gas used to move through the column.</div><br>
"<h1>A sphingolipid's fatty acid is joined to the sphingosine backbone by a(n) <span style=""font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"">_____</span> linkage.</h1><br>"amide
<h1>The inability to degrade gangliosides and cerebrosides is a basis for certain rare genetic disorders, such as Tay-Sachs disease, that often lead to mental retardation and death. Where in the cell are these lipids degraded?</h1><br>lysosomes
<h1>Describe the chemical steps, in order, that are involved in the conversion of <i>β</i>-carotene to all-<i>trans</i>-retinoic acid.</h1><br><div>cleavage, aldehyde oxidation</div><br>
<h1>Certain lipids of this type carry the carbohydrates that define the ABO blood groups.</h1><br>"<span style=""color: rgb(56, 56, 56); background-color: rgb(218, 244, 212);"">sphingolipids</span>"
<h1>Certain lipids are susceptible to degradation under specific conditions. Which lipid is mismatched to an appropriate degradation condition?</h1><br><div><div><div><div><div>sphingolipids, mild acidic conditions</div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div></div></div><br></div>