By
Taha Farooq
RIGGING PROCEDURES
• What rigging is ?
• Rigging equipment
• Rigging Techniques
• Load Chart , Rigging Cards and Calculations
• Cranes
• Work Permits
• Safety Precautions
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Rigger: Duties & Responsibilities
• Determining weight of load
• Selection of proper ropes, slings
• Procedures for blocking, binding, jacking
and leveling of loads
• Knowledge of tying down load for
transportation
• Repair and maintenance and proper storage
of equipment
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Rigging Terms :
Total Rated Load:
The maximum permissible load to be lifted is defined as the
total rated load.
It is dependant on the following factors
•boom length
•working radius
The larger the working radius the smaller the total rated load.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Rigging Terms :
Working Radius :
The horizontal distance from the center of the crane to the
center of hook of that crane.
The maximum value is the maximum radii at which the crane is
operable to lift a certain load.
Lifting Height:
The vertical distance between the ground and the hook
RIGGING PROCEDURES
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Boom Length :
Axial distance between the fulcrum pin of the boom bottom
and the lower sheave pin at the bottom head
Elevation Angle / Boom Angle:
Angle between the boom centerline and the horizontal line.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Jib:
An extended arm of the crane , that is attached to the boom to
increase the boom length.
Lufing Jib:
The jib that is operable to a certain degree of rotation is known
as the lufing jib
e.g. In TADANO 120 T crane the jib is operable to 45
Fly Jib:
The jib operable only to a restricted direction is called the fly
jib.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Rigging Equipment
Slings :
• Chains
•Wire Ropes
•Non Metallic Ropes
Connectors :
• Hooks
•Shackles
•Eye Bolts
•Links / Rings
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Slings
Chains :
They are made of various grades of steel and on which their
lifting capacities depend.
For most common uses Alloy Steel grade 60 or mild steel with
0.5% carbon are used.
Alloy steel grade 80 chains are high tensile chains
Before making a lift, the chain should be checked for kinks,
knots or twists. Chain slings must be load tested manually.
Chain Hoists:
Chain Blocks
Come Along
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Come-Alongs:
Slings
It is a slang word for one half to about six ton
chain hoists having a lever action pulling
arrangement. They have short, about 5 to 10 feet
hoist travel only.
There are a numerous uses for Come-Alongs :
• To level the face of load
• To guide heavy loads in into position while lifted by a
bigger crane.
•To provide 3rd and 4th leg to a two leg sling.
•Come-Alongs can be used in any direction compared to
chain blocks which can be best used vertically
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Slings
Chain Blocks / Chain Hoists:
Designed with a spur gear transmission system comprising :
A hand chain . Hand wheel with friction clutch and a ratchet
stop,chain sprocket, a load chain and a swivel hook at the top.
FORCE REQUIRED ON HAND CHAIN FOR PULLING MAX LOAD
Capacity in tons
Pull on Hand Chains in Pounds
1/2
43
1
46
2
72
3
76
5
82.5
10
88
20
95
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Wire Ropes:
A wire rope is composed of wire strands formed helically
around a central axis. Six to Eight strand ropes are the
most popular and the axial member is known as the core.
Strand :
Strands are made of various combination of individual wires
formed helically around the center.
There are four types of cores:
*Fiber or Sisal Core
*IWRC or steel core
*Strand Core
*Special Core
Slings
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Slings
Selection of Wire Ropes :
The factors for selection of a wire rope are :
• Flexibility
• Load bearing capacity / Strength
• Corrosion
• Accessibility for Inspection
Calculation of Safe Working Load ( SWL )
SWL = Rope Dia x Rope Dia x 8
Example
1. 1/2 inch dia rope
SWL = 1\2 x 1\2 x 8 = 2 T
2. 5/8 inch dia rope
SWL = 5/8 x 5/8 x 8 = 3.125 T
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Slings
Non-Metallic Ropes :
1- Natural Fibre Rope :
Manila Fibre
Strength, Durability, Withstand Severe
usage & Weather Resistant
Sisal Fibre
Less demanding requirements, Low Cost
2- Synthetic Fibre Rope ;
Nylon
Terylene
Dacron
Polypropylene
Approx twice the strength of Manila, Good
resistance to weathering & Abrasion Resist.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Slings
Important Points :
Do not drag over the ground and over the sharp edges
In a straight pull a rope will give 100 % , tie a knot and rope
is weaken to 50 %
Prevent rope from coming in contact with acid
Care to be taken in cleaning and drying of the rope
Safe Working Load (SWL)
Manila Rope:
•Change Rope Dia in to 8th of an inch
•Square the numerator and multiply by 20
Example :
1/2 inch dia = 4/8 inch
SWL = 4 x 4 x 20 = 320 lbs
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Slings
Knots :
Stopper Knot
: Keep rope end from slipping through hole
Figure of 8
: makes a bulge in the rope
Binding Knot
: Ties object Snugly
Loop Knot
: holds an object with security
Reef Knot
: Easy to open and a tight grip.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Connectors
Hooks :
These are formed by drop forging and heat treating carbon
steel.
Hooks are categorized on suspension system used ;
• Eye Type
Chain slings
• Clevis Type
Ease to install / Remove
• Swivel Type
Free load rotation , no wire twist
• Clevis-Swivel
Come-Alongs
• Snatch Block
Crane, Multi Pass chain blocks
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Precautions :
Connectors
All hooks should have safety latches
More links or sling eyes tend to pull the hook or develop a crack
in the middle.
There should be no side pulling or improper loading of the hook
during rigging.
The throat should not be open more than 0.5 %.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Connectors
Shackles:
There are two types of shackles
a) Chain ( D Type ) Shackle
-
For chains only
b) Anchor ( Bow Type ) Shackle
-
For all rope/wire e.t.c.
Shackles are sized by the dia of the steel in bow section rather than
the pin size.
A bolt must not be used as replacement for a pin.
The pin of a shackle should go in the eye of a hook and the sling ends
on the bow side.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Connectors
Links and Rings :
The links are used on top of slings and at the lower end of
the chain slings and wire ropes
Missing Link .
These are made in two parts and is snapped shut together to
make an oval ring.
It is used to join two pieces of chain or attaching a chain or
an eye of sling to a lifting link.
Average Safe Load For Forged Steel Links
Dia in inch
Safe Loads ( lbs )
5/16"
2500
3/8"
3800
1/2"
6500
5/8"
9300
3/4"
14000
7/ 8"
12000
1
15200
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Connectors
Eye Bolts :
They are extensively used for rigging work where drilled or
threaded holes exist in machinery and equipment.
Common Causes of Failure:
It should be one piece drop forged and not a ring welded on a stud.
Consult chart for lifting capacities of an eye bolt
Check dia , TPI and thread matches of the eye bolt with the tapped
hole.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Load Chart , Rigging Cards and Calculations
• A data sheet through which rigging requirements are
calculated is called as a Load Chart
• A Rigging Card is filled, so that a proper check is ensured
for lifting of weights.
•They help us to assess whether any particular job is safely
planned or not.
• It is a guideline to a crane operator to work with.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Cranes:
The cranes being used at ENGRO are as Follows:
• TADANO 120 T
• BUCYRUS 40 T
• TADANO 16 T
• TADANO 10 T
• HYDRA LIFT
RIGGING PROCEDURES
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Work Permits Required :
As per procedures any job that is executed is followed by a work permit
system.
The permits governing any rigging activity are as follows
•
Cold Work Permit
•
Lifting Over Process Equipment
•
Vehicle Entry Permit
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Safety Precautions :
• During hoisting operation all personnel must stay clear of loads
and no one should be beneath the boom.
• Hoist and Rigging equipment, chain , cables and shackles must be
checked to be in good condition before every individual job.
• Slings , Ropes , Cables, and chain must be protected from sharp
edges.
• Chain blocks must be installed using wire ropes or shackles and
not fibrous ropes.
• All rigging equipment e.g. chain blocks, crane hooks ; should have
safety latches.
• Use of tag line to be implemented.
• No one should work under suspended load.
RIGGING PROCEDURES
Safety Precautions :
Hand Signals:
The standard hand signals are employed.
In case, when the crane operator cannot see the load being
moved , the following is to be practised.
• More than one signal man
• 2-way radios
•Sound powered Megaphone