1A N
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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F-
-
-~
-
The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers
OPERATED HOSl
ASME 830.21 -1999
(Revisi~n01 ASME B30.21-1NM)
SAFETY SMNDMD FER CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRC
I KS,HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND 8UN6S
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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Date of Issuance: March 31. 2000
The 1999 edition of thisStandard is beingissued with an automatic addenda
subscription service. The use of an addenda allows revisions made in
response to public review comments or committee
actions to be publishedon
a regular yearlybasis; revisions published in addenda will become effective 1
year after the Date of Issuance of the addenda. The next edition of this
Standard is scheduled for publication in 2004.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of
technical aspects of this Standard. The interpretations will be included with
the above addenda service.
ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard
was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an
opportunity toparticipate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review
and comment that providesan opportunity for additional public input fromindustry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not “approve,“ “rate,” or ”endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device,
or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validityof any patent rights asserted in
connection with any items mentionedin thisdocument, and does not undertake to insure anyone
utilizing astandard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume
any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their
own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliatedwith industry is not to
be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in
accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance
of interpretations by individuals.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,
in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior writtenpermission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright O 2000 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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J
FOREWORD
This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,
Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, hasbeendevelopedundertheproceduresaccreditedbythe
AmericanNational Standards Institute(formerly the United States ofAmerica Standards
Institute). This Standard had itsbeginning in December1916, whenan eight-page Code
ofSafety Standards for Cranes,prepared byan ASMECommittee on the Protection of
to theannualmeeting of theASME.
IndustrialWorkers,waspresented
Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from
1920 to 1925,involvingtheASMESafety
Code Correlating Committee, the Association
ofIronandSteelElectricalEngineers,theAmericanMuseumof
Safety, theAmerican
Engineering Standards Committee (later changedtoAmerican
Standards Associationand
subsequently to the USA Standards Institute), Department of Labor - State of New Jersey,
Department of Labor and Industry - State ofPennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane
Manufacturers Association.On June 1 1, 1925, the American EngineeringStandards Committee
approved the ASME Safety Code
Correlating Committee’s recommendation and authorized
the project with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME
as sponsors.
In March1926, invitations wereissuedto 50 organizations to appoint representativesto
a Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out
October 2, 1926,andthecommitteeorganizedNovember
4, 1926,with
S7 members
representing 29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, andHoists,
ASAB30.2,
1943, was created fromthe
eight-page documentreferred to in the first
paragraph. This document was reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.
Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, andgeneral interest of labor and
industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the
Naval Facilities EngineeringCommand,U.S.Department
oftheNavy,wasreorganized
as
an
American
National
Standards Committee on
January
31, 1962,
with
39 members
representing 27 nationalorganizations.
The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete
as to construction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation)
would cover the different types of equipment included in thescopeofB30.
In 1982,theCommitteewasreorganized
as an AccreditedOrganization Committee,
operating under procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by the American National
Standards Institute.
This Standard presents a coordinated set of mies that may serve as a guide to government
and other regulatorybodiesandmunicipal
authorities responsible for the guarding and
inspection ofthe equipment falling withinits scope. The suggestionsleading to accident
prevention are givenboth as mandatory and advisoryprovisions; compliance withboth
types may berequired by employersoftheir employees.
In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrative. or regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the
useof other devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent
degree of protection isthereby secured. To secure uniformapplicationandinterpretation
of this Standard, administrative or regulatory authorities areurged
to consult the B30
...
111
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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Committee, in accordance with the format described in Section III, before rendering decisions
on disputed points.
This volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME,
as an AmericanNational Standard on November
wasapproved by ANSIanddesignated
18, 1999.
Safety codes and standards areintended to enhance public safety. Revisions resultfrom
committee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing
environmental andindustryneeds.Revisions
do notimplythat
previous editions were
inadequate.
iv
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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ASME B30 COMMITTEE
Safety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks,
Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
P. S. Zorich, Chair
B. D. Closson, Vice Chair
J. Pang, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL*
ALLIANCE OF AMERICAN INSURERS
T. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.
ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORSOF AMERICA
C. L. Huneycutt, J. A. Jones Construction
W. P. Rollins, Alternate, J. A. Jones Construction
ASSOCIATED WIRE ROPE FABRICATORS
D. Sayenga, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators
D. J. Bishop, Alternate, Bishop Lifting Products, Inc.
ASSOCIATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT MANAGERS
J. C. Ryan, Boh Bros. Construction Co.
H. E. Livermore, Alternate, Bechtel Leasing, Inc.
ASSOCIATION OF IRON AND STEEL ENGINEERS
J. W. Rowland, Bethlehem Steel
FORGING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
G. F. Hoffa, Columbus McKinnon Corp.
E. K. Marburg, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS
W. J. Smith, Jr.. International Union of Operating Engineers
S. C. Buck, Alternate, International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 150
NATIONAL ERECTORS ASSOCIATION
B. E. Weir, Jr., Norris Brothers Co., Inc.
J. Conant, Alternate, Conant Crane Rental Co.
POWER, CRANE, AND SHOVEL ASSOCIATION BUREAU OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (CIMA)
N. C. Hargreaves, Terex Corp.
D. G. Quinn, Alternate, FMC Construction Equipment Corp.
SPECIALIZED CARRIERS AND RIGGING ASSOCIATION
H. 1. Shapiro, Howard 1. Shapiro & Associates
R. M. Kohner, Alternate, Landmark Engineering Service
STEEL PLATE FABRICATORS ASSOCIATION
K. Miller, CBI NA-CON, Inc.
U S . DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
E. E. Rudy, U.S. Army TARDEC
The members listed, except for thoselistedundertheheadingfor
respective organizations.
V
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individual members, were nominated by their
U.S. DEPARTMENT OFTHE NAVY
J. E. Richardson, Naval Facilities Engineering Command
WIRE ROPE TECHNICAL BOARD
L. D. Means, Wire Rope Corp. of America, Inc.
D. A. Henninger, Alternate, Pauken Wire Rope Corp.
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS
R. J. Bolen, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.
A. D. Brown, OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor
P. L. Rossi, Alternate, OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor
K. J. Chlad, Material Handling Crane Systems
J. W. Downs, Jr., Alternate, Downs Crane and Hoist Co., Inc.
B.D. Closson, North American Crane Bureau West
T. L. Wanton, Alternate, North American Crane Bureau
J. P. Colletti, J.P. Colletti & Associates, Inc.
R. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetic Group, Inc.
D. W. Eckstine, Grove Worldwide
R. H. Fowler, U.S. Department of the Air Force
J. L. Franks, Consultant
R. C. Slater, Alternate, McKay International Engineers
J. J. Headley, Crane Institute of America, Inc.
C. W. Ireland, Amclyde Engineered Products
L. S. Johnson, American Equipment
G. L. Owens, Alternate, Granite Construction Co.
J. M. Klibert, Honorary Member, Lift-All Co., Inc.
H. G. Leidich, Ingersoll-Rand Co.
J. T. Perkins, Alternate, Ingersoll-Rand Co.
C. Lucas, Crosby Group
P. A. Boeckman, Alternate, Crosby Group
T. S. McKosky, Honorary Member, Consultant
R. W. Parry, Honorary Member, Consultant
R. R. Reisinger, FKI Industries, Inc.
J. L. Gordon, Alternate, FKI Industries, Inc.
A. R. Toth, Morris Material Handling
S. J. McCormick, Alternate, Morris Material Handling
R. C. Wild, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
D. N. Wolff, National Crane Corp.
P. S. Zorich, RZP International Ltd.
vi
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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CONTENTS
Foreword .......................................................................
CommitteeRoster ...............................................................
Summary of Changes ............................................................
...
111
V
ix
Introduction
General
Section I
Section II
Section III
Section IV
Section V
Section VI
...............................................................
1
Scope ..........................................................
Purpose ........................................................
Interpretations ..................................................
New andExistingInstallations ...................................
MandatoryandAdvisoryRules
..................................
MetricConversions
.............................................
2
2
2
3
3
3
Chapter 21-0
Section 2 1-0.1
Section 2 1-0.2
Section 2 1-0.3
Scope,Definitions.andReferences
Scope of B30.21 ................................................
Definitions .....................................................
References .....................................................
5
5
7
-
Manually Lever Operated Hoists
Chain Type
MarkingandConstruction
.......................................
Inspection ......................................................
Testing .........................................................
Maintenance ....................................................
WeldedLinkChainInspection,Replacement,and
Maintenance ..................................................
Section 2I .I .6 RollerChainInspection,Replacement,andMaintenance
...........
Section 2I .I .7 Operation ......................................................
Chapter 21-1
Section 2 1.1.1
Section 21- I .2
Section 21.I .3
Section 2 1.1.4
Section 2 1 .1.5
Chapter 21-2
Section 2 1-2.1
Section 2 1-2.2
Section 2 1-2.3
Section 2 1-2.4
Section 2 1-2.5
Section 2 1-2.6
Manually Lever Operated Hoists
- Wire Rope Type
MarkingandConstruction
.......................................
Inspection ......................................................
Testing ..........................................................
Maintenance ....................................................
WireRopeInspection,Replacement,andMaintenance
............
Operation ......................................................
Chapter 21-3
Section 2 1.3 . I
Section21-3.2
Section 2 1-3.3
Section 2 1-3.4
Section21-3.5
Section 2 1-3.6
Manually Lever Operated Hoists
Web Strap Type
MarkingandConstruction
.......................................
Inspection ......................................................
Testing .........................................................
Maintenance ....................................................
Web Strap Inspection,Replacement, andMaintenance .............
Operation ......................................................
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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13
14
17
17
18
18
19
21
22
24
25
25
27
-
29
30
32
33
33
34
ST9mASNE B30.2L-ENGL
Figures
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tables
I
2
3
L999
0759b70 Ob4bL85 5 9 8
ManuallyLeverOperatedHoist
.
Chain
Type
..................
ManuallyLeverOperatedHoist
.
Wire
Rope
...................
ManuallyLeverOperatedHoist
.
Web
Strap
...................
ManuallyLeverOperatedHoist
.
Chain
Type
..................
LoadChain ....................................................
GuideandLoadSprocket-Strap
..................................
Load Controlling Mechanism ....................................
Overtravel Restraint .............................................
LoadSprockets .................................................
SwivelType Hook ..............................................
MinimumInspection for LeverOperatedHoists
.
Chain .........
MinimumInspectipn for LeverOperated Hoists .
Wire
Rope ........................................................
MinimumInspection for LeverOperated Hoists - Web
Strap ........................................................
viii
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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m
8
9
9
IO
11
11
12
12
12
14
15
23
31
ASME 630.21-1999
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
The 1999edition of ASME B30.21includeseditorialchanges,revisions,andcorrectionsintroduced
in
B30.21a-1995, B30.21b-1997, and B30.21~-1998,as well as the following changes identified by
(99).
Page
Location
Change
1,2
General
(1) 830updated
volume listing
(2) Footnote 1 revised
(3) Seventh paragraph revised
II
Figure 6
Editorially revised
12
Figure 7
Editorially revised
23
Table 2
Editorially revised
31
Table 3
Editorially revised
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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ASME 830.21-1999
SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES,
DERRICKS, HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGS
INTRODUCTION
B30.21ManuallyLeverOperatedHoists
B30.22 Articulating Boom Cranes
B30.23
Personnel
Lifting Systems
830.24 Container Cranes'
B30.25 Scrap andMaterial Handlers
(99) General
This Standard is one of a series of safety standards
onvarious subjects thathavebeenformulatedunder
the general auspices of the American National Standards
institute. One purpose of theStandard is to serve as
a guide to governmental authorities having jurisdiction
over subjects withinthescopeofthe
Standard. It is
expected, however, that the Standard will find a major
application in industry, serving as a guide to manufacturers, purchasers,and users ofthe equipment.
Forthe convenience oftheuser,theStandardhas
been divided into separate volumes:
If adopted for governmentaluse, the references to
other national codes and standards in the specific volumesmay be changed to refer to thecorresponding
regulationsofthegovernmental
authorities.
The use of cableways, cranes, derricks, hoists, hooks,
jacks, and slings is subject to certainhazardsthat
cannot be metby mechanical means butonly by the
exercise of intelligence, care, and common sense. It is
thereforeessential to havepersonnelinvolved
in the
useandoperation
of equipment who are competent,
careful, physically and mentally qualified, andtrained
in the safe operation of the equipment and the handling
of the loads. Serious hazards are overloading, dropping
or slipping of the loadcaused by improper hitching
or slinging, obstructing the free passage of the load,
andusingequipment
for apurpose for which it was
not intended or designed.
The Standards Committee fully realizestheimportance of proper design factors, minimum or maximum
sizes, and other limiting dimensions ofwire rope or
chainandtheir
fastenings, sheaves, sprockets, drums,
and similar equipment covered by the Standard, all of
which are closely connected withsafety. Sizes, strengths,
and similar criteria are dependent on many different
factors, often varying with the installationanduses.
These factors depend on the condition of the equipment
or material; on the loads;
onthe acceleration or speed
of the ropes, chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drums; on
thetype
of attachments; on thenumber,
size, and
arrangement of sheaves or other parts; on environmental
conditions causing corrosion or wear;and onmany
variablesthatmust
be considered in each individual
case. The rules givenin the Standard must be interpreted
B30. I
830.2
Jacks
Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running
Bridge, Single or MultipleGirder, Top
Running Trolley Hoist)
Construction Tower Cranes
830.3
Portal, Tower, andPedestal Cranes
B30.4
Mobile andLocomotive Cranes
830.5
Derricks
B30.6
BaseMountedDrumHoists
830.7
Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks
B30.8
Slings
B30.9
B30.10 Hooks
830.I I Monorails andUnderhungCranes
B30.12 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft
B30. I3 StorageAtetrieval ( S R ) Machinesand
AssociatedEquipment
B30.14 Side Boom Tractors
B30. I5 MobileHydraulic Cranes
Note:B30.15-1973has been withdrawn.
The revisionofB30.15isincluded
in the
latest edition of 830.5.
OverheadHoists (Underhung)
B30. I '
Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running
B30. I
Bridge, Single Girder, UnderhungHoist)
Stacker Cranes (Top or UnderRunning
B30. I
Bridge,Multiple Girder With Top or
UnderRunningTrolley Hoist)
Cableways
930. I
B30.20 Below-the-HookLiftingDevices
' B30.24 is in the developmental stage.
1
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 630.21-1999
car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavating equipment,
or equipment coming within the scope of the following
Committees: AIO, A17,A90,A92,A120,B20,
B56,
andB77.
accordingly, and judgment used in determining their
application.
Some of theprovisions
of this Standardrequire
compliance with information found in manuals or other
documents supplied by the manufacturer with the equipment. The informationincludesrecommendations,
requirements, and instructions (e.g., “the reevingshall
be checkedfor compliance withtherecommendations
ofthe manufacturer”).
Compliance with the provisions should not preclude
thepossibility of consulting a qualifiedperson. This
is trueparticularlywhen:the
equipment has
been
altered, repaired, or modified; the manualsor documents
supplied bythe manufacturerare no longer available;
or themanufacturer or a successor isnolonger
in
businessandthemanualsare
no longer available.
However, the purpose of consulting a qualified person
shallnot be to avoid conlacting themanufacturerand
usingtheinformationsupplied
by themanufacturer.
The Standards Committee willbegladtoreceive
criticisms of this Standard’s requirementsand suggestions for itsimprovement, especially thosebasedon
actual experience in application of the rules.
Suggestions for changes to theStandardshould be
submitted totheSecretary
oftheB30
Committee,
ASME, Three ParkAvenue, New York, NY 100165990, and should be in accordance withthe following
format:
(u) cite thespecificparagraphdesignation
of the
pertinent volume;
(6) indicate the suggested change (addition, deletion,
revision, etc.);
(c) brieflystatethereason
andor evidence for the
suggested change;
(d) submit suggested changes to more than one paragraph in the order thattheparagraphs
appear in the
volume.
The B30Committee will consider each suggested
change in a timelymannerinaccordancewith
its
procedures.
Section II: Purpose
This Standard is designedto:
(a) guard against and minimizeinjurytoworkers,
and otherwise provide for the protection of life, limb,
andproperty by prescribingsafetyrequirements;
( b ) provide direction to owners, employers, supervisors, and others concerned with, or responsible for, its
application; and
(c) guide governments and other regulatorybodies
in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of
appropriate safetydirectives.
Section 111: Interpretations
Upon request, theB30 Committee willrenderan
interpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written
requestsent to theSecretary oftheB30
Committee,
ASME, Three ParkAvenue, New York, NY 100165990.
The request for interpretationshould be clear and
unambiguous. It isfurther recommended that theinquirer
submit his requestutilizingthe following format.
Section I: Scope
This Standard applies to the construction, installation,
operation, inspection, and maintenance of jacks; poweroperated cranes, monorails, and crane runways; poweroperated andmanuallyoperated
derricks andhoists;
lifting devices, hooks,and slings; and cableways.
This Standard does not apply to track and automotive
jacks, railway or automobile wrecking cranes, shipboard
cranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment, well-drilling derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truck body hoists,
Cite the applicable paragraph numbefls)
andprovide a concise description.
Edition:
Cite the applicable edition of the pertinent
volume for which the interpretation is being
requested.
Question:
Phrasethequestion
as a request for an
interpretation of a specific requirementsuitable for general understanding and use, not
as a request for approval of a proprietary
design or situation. The inquirer may also
include any plans or drawings that are
necessary to explain the question; however,
they shouldnotcontainaqyproprietary
names or information.
Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten
in this format by the Committeeprior to being answered,
which could change the intent ofthe original request.
ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any
interpretation when or if additional information, which
might affect an interpretation, is available. Further,
personsaggrieved byan interpretation may appeal to
2
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Subject:
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee.
ASME does not“approve,”“certify,”“rate,”
or ‘‘enor
dorse” anyitem,constntction,proprietarydevice,
activity.
Section IV: New andExistingInstallations
(a) Efective Date. The effective date of this volume
for the purposeof defining new and existing installations
shall be one year afterits date of issuance.
(b) New Installations. Construction, installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation of equipmentmanufacturedandfacilitiesconstructedafterthe
with the
effective date of thisvolumeshallconform
mandatory requirements ofthisvolume.
(c) Existing Installations. Inspection, testing, maintenance,andoperation
of equipment manufacturedand
Facilities constructed prior to the effective date of this
volume shall be done, as applicable, in accordance with
the requirements of thisvolume.
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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ASME B30.21-1999
It is notthe intent of thisvolumetorequire.retrofitting
of existing equipment. However, when an item is being
modified, its performance requirement shallbe reviewed
If the performance differs
relative to the current volume.
substantially, the need to meet the current requirement
by
shall be evaluated by a qualifiedpersonselected
the owner (user). Recommended changes shall be made
by theowner(user) within oneyear.
Section V: Mandatory andAdvisory Rules
Mandatory rules of this volume are characterized by
use of the word
shall. If a provision is ofan advisory
nature, it is indicated by useoftheword
should and
is a recommendation to be considered, the advisability
ofwhich depends on thefacts in each situation.
Section VI: Metric Conversions
The values stated in U.S. Customary units are to be
regardedasthestandard.
.
..
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Chapter 21-0
Scope, Definitions, and References
Section21-0.1:Scope
of B30.21
brake: a device for retardingandstoppingmotionof
theload (see load controlling mechanism).
Within the general scope defined in Section 1, B30.21
applies to manually lever operated hoists utilizing chain
(see Fig. I), wirerope (see Fig. 2). andweb strap
lifting, pulling,and
(see Fig. 3) for thepurposeof
tensioning applications, comprising hoists of the followingtypes:
(a) ratchetand pawl operation; and
(b) friction brake operation.
Lever operated hoistsof
other typesthanthose
detailed in this volume shall be used only in accordance
withrecommendationsofthehoistmanufacturer.
Hoists used for lifting personnel require special considerations and are not includedin this volume.Specially
insulated hoists used for handling electrically energized
powerlinesrequirespecial
considerations and are not
included in this volume.
chain, load: the load-bearing chain in a hoist.
chain, roller: a series of alternately assembled roller
links andpin links in whichthepins articulate inside
the bushingsand the rollers are free to turn on the
bushings. Pins and bushings are press fit in their
respective link plates (see Fig. 5). Rollerless chain may
be provided on some equipment.
chain, rollerless: a series of
alternately
assembled
rollerlinks andpin links inwhich the pins articulate
inside the bushings with rollerson the bushings omitted.
Pins and bushings are press fitin their respective link
plates.
chain,weldedlink:
a chain consisting of a series of
interwovenlinksformedandwelded
(see Fig. 5).
designated person: a personselected or assigned by
the employer or the employer’s representative as being
competenttoperformspecific
duties.
Section21-0.2:Definitions
abnormal operating conditions: environmental conditions thatareunfavorable,
harmful, or detrimental to
or for theoperation of a hoist,such as excessively
high or low ambient temperatures, exposure to weather,
conosive fumes, dust laden or moistureladen atmospheres, andhazardous locations.
drum: the cylindrical memberaroundwhich the wire
ropeorweb
strap iswound for liftingandlowering
theload.
exposed: applies to hazardous objects not guarded or
isolated (capable of being contacted inadvertently).
administrative or regulatory authoriv: governmental
agency or the employer in the absence of governmental
jurisdiction.
ambient femperarure: thetemperature
sphere surrounding the hoist.
friction brake:
see load controllingmechanism.
guide, chain: a means to guide the loadchain at the
loadsprocket.
of theatmo-
guide, webstrap: a means to guide theweb strap at
theload sprocket (drum) (see Fig. 6).
appointed: assigned specific responsibilities by the
employer or the employer’s representative.
guide, wire rope: a meansto guide thewirerope
at
theloadsprocket
(drum) [see Fig. 7, sketch (b)].
block, load: theassembly ofhook or shackle, swivel,
bearings, sheaves, sprockets, pins, and frame suspended
by theload chain, wire rope, or web strap. This shall
include any appurtenances reeved in the load chain,
wire rope, or web strap (see Fig. 4).
hazardous (classified) locations: locationswherefire
or explosion hazards may exist. Locations are classified
according to thepropertiesoftheflammablevapors,
5
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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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STD*ASME BSO=Zl-ENGL
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME B30.21-1999
overtravel restraint: a device used to prevent the slack
loadchainfrominadvertentlybeinglowered
past the
load sprocket (seeFig. 8).
liquids, gases, or combustible dust or fibersthat may
bepresent,andthelikelihoodthat
a flammable or
combustible concentration or quantity is present(see
ANSVNFPA 70).
parts (lines): number of lines of chain, wire rope, or
web strap supporting the load block or hook (see Fig. 4).
headroom (closed height): the distance betweenthe
saddle ofthe
saddle of the suspensionhookandthe
loadhookwhentheloadblockisinits
fully retracted
position (upper limit of travel) (see Fig. 4).
hoist, lever operated: a leveroperatedmanual
used to lift, lower, or pull a loadandtoapply
release tension.
pawl: a device for
holding
the
machinery
against
undesiredrotation by engaging a ratchet [see Fig. 7,
sketch (b)].
device
or
qual$ed person: a personwho,bypossessionof
a
recognized degree in an applicable field, or certificate of
professional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge,
training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated
the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the
subject matter andwork.
hook latch: a mechanical device tobridgethethroat
opening of a hook.
lift: themaximum distance throughwhichtheload
hookcantravel(seeFig.
4).
ratchet: a toothedmember for engagement withthe
pawl [see Fig. 7, sketch (b)].
lifting devices: devices thatarenotnormallyreeved
onto the hoist chain, wire rope, or web strap, such as
grabs, and other supplemental devices used for ease
of handling certain types of loads. The weight of these
devices is to be considered part of the load to be lifted.
reeving: a system in whichthe chain, wire rope, or
web strap travels around sprockets (drums) and sheaves
(see Fig. 4).
rope:
loud: the total superimposed weight on theloadblock
or hook.
load, rated: themaximumload
designated bythemanufacturer.
the
hook
used
for which a hoistis
service, normal: distributed service that involves operationwithrandomlydistributedloadswithintherated
65% of rated
load limit, or uniformloadslessthan
load for not morethan15%ofthetime.
service, severe: service thatinvolvesnormal or heavy
service withabnormal operating conditions.
shall: thiswordindicatesthattheruleismandatory
andmustbe
followed.
sheave: a groovedwheel or pulleyusedwith
a rope
or chainto change directionandpointof
application
of a pulling force.
should: thiswordindicatesthattheruleis
mendation,theadvisabilityofwhich
facts in each situation.
to connect theloadto
thelever or handleprovidedto oper-
overload: anyload
sprocket, idler: a freelyrotating device that changes
the direction of the load chain, wire rope, or web strap
(seeFig. 4).
greater thantheratedload.
6
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
a recomdepends onthe
side pull: any force or operating condition that restricts
theload block, chain, wirerope, or web strap, and
hoist body from forminga straight line with the direction
of loading.
normal operating conditions: conditions duringwhich
a hoist is performing functions within the scope of the
original design.
operating lever:
ate thehoist.
otherwise specified.
service, heavy: service thatinvolves operation within
theratedloadlimit,which
exceeds normal service.
load controlling mechanism: a mechanismthat functions automatically toholdandcontroltheload.
In
eachofthefollowinggeneraltypes,
a reciprocating
force must be applied to the hoist leverto lower the load.
friction brake type: an automatic type of brake used
for holdingand controlling loads. This unidirectional
device requires a force appliedtothe operating lever
to lower the load, but does not impose additional lever
pullwhenliftingtheload
[see Fig. 7, sketch (a)].
ratchet andpawl type: a load controlling mechanism
consisting of interlockingpawl(s) and ratchetthatact
toholdtheload
by mechanical engagement [see Fig.
7, sketch (b)].
loadhook:
the hoist.
refers to wireropeunless
STD-ASME B30=21-ENGL L999 D 0759b7U ObLLL92 788
ASME 830.21-1999
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
the American National Standards Institute may also be
obtainedfromtheAmericanNational
Standards Institute, Inc., l l West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.
sprocket, loud: a hoistcomponentthattransmits
motion to theloadchain,wire
rope, or web strap. This
component is sometimes calledtheloadwheel,load
sheave, pocket wheel, chain wheel, or drum (see Fig. 9).
ASMEB29.24M-1989, Roller Load Chains for OverheadHoists
ASMEB30.10-1993,Hooks
ASME HST-3" I99 1, Performance Standard for ManuallyLeverOperatedChainHoists
Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASMEInternational),
Three ParkAvenue,
NewYork, NY 10016-5990
strap, web: a fabricwoven of hightenacitysynthetic
yams (seeFig. 6).
srripper: a device that aids theloadchaininleaving
theloadsprocket.
unattended: a condition in whichthe operator of a
hoist is not at the operating lever. If the hoist is within
an unobstructed distance of 26 ft (8.0 m) and within
sight ofthe operator,thehoistshould
be considered
attended.
ANSIMFPA 70- 1993, National Electrical Code
Publisher: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA),
1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269
ANSI 2535.1-1991, Safety Color Code
ANSI 2535.3-1991, Criteria for Safety Symbols
ANSI 2535.4-199 1, ProductSafety Signs andLabels
Publisher: National Electrical ManufacturersAssociation
(NEMA), 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209
Section 21-0.3: References
Withinthetext,referenceismadetothe
following
publications, copies of which maybe obtainedfrom
the publishers as indicated. Copies of the standards of
7
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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m
STDOASME B30.21-ENGL 1999 W 075qb78 ObL.bL93bLq
ASME B30.21-1999
HOISTS
OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER
h
FIG. 1 MANUALLY LEVEROPERATED HOIST
8
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
- CHAIN TYPE
m
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME B30.21-1999
FIG. 2 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOIST
- WIREROPE
FIG. 3 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOIST
- WEB STRAP
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
I
U
a
O
IO
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
STD*ASME B30-ZL-ENGL 1999 M 0759b70 O b l b l S b 323
ASME B30.21-1999
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Ib) Welded Link Type
(a) Roller Type
FIG. 5 LOADCHAIN
(99)
m
FIG. 6 GUIDEANDLOADSPROCKET-STRAP
II
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
Drive
I
Guide
(al Friction Brake Type
FIG. 7 LOADCONTROLLING MECHANISM
Riw Type
f
la) Link ChainPocket Type
lb) Roller ChainTooth Type
Type
Ball
FIG. 9 LOADSPROCKETS
FIG. 8 OVERTRAVELRESTRAINT
12
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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STDmASME B30*22-ENGL 1999 D 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 O b L b L 9 8 L T b m
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
Chapter 21-1
Manually Lever Operated Hoists - Chain Type
Section21-1.1:
Marking andConstruction
ultimate
material
strength. Elements
specifically
inof severe overload by
tendedtogivevisiblewarning
permanent deformation while operating the hoist should
be designed to show obvious deformation before failure
of other load suspensionparts.
(3) Modifications to upgrade, rerate, or modernize
hoistequipmentshall
be as authorized only bythe
originalequipmentmanufacturer or qualifiedperson.
( b ) LoadSprockets (see Fig. 9)
(I) Load sprockets shall have pockets or teeth to
allowengagement of theload chain.
(2) Loadsprocketsshall be guarded.
( 3 ) Provision shall be made to guard against jammingoftheloadchainwithinthehoistmechanism,
undernormaloperating conditions.
( c ) LoadChain (seeFig. 5 )
(I) Load chain may be either roller or weldedlink type.Chainshall be pitched (calibrated) so as to
passoverallsprocketswithout
binding.
( 2 ) Rollerloadchainshall
comply with ASME
B29.24M.
(3) Theloadchainshall
be prooftested by the
chain or hoist manufacturer with a load at least equivalent to 1 ‘/2 times the hoist’s rated load divided by the
number of chainparts supporting theload.
( 4 ) If a load is supported by morethan one part
of load chain, the tension on the parts shallbe equalized.
( d ) Hooks. If hooks are of the swiveling type, they
IO). Hooks shall be
shouldrotatefreely(seeFig.
equipped with latches unless the use of the latch creates
a hazardousconditionwhereit interferes withtheuse
ofthehook.Whenrequired,
a latchshall be provided
to bridge the throat opening of the hook for the purpose
of retaining slings, chains, etc., under slack conditions
(seeASME B30.10).
( e ) LoadBlocks. Meansshall be provided to guard
againstloadchain
jamming in theloadblockunder
normaloperating conditions.
(f,Load Controlling Mechanism. The hoist shall be
equippedwith a load controlling mechanism,which
shallperformthefollowing
functions undernormal
operating conditions withtestloads
up to 125% of
ratedload.
21-1.1.1 Marking
( a ) Rated Load. The ratedload ofthehoistshall
be markedonthehoist
or loadblock.
(6) Controls. Controls shall be identified to indicate
function or direction ofmotion.
( c ) Identification. The hoistshall bemarkedwith
identificationinformation as follows:
( I ) nameofmanufacturer;
(2) manufacturer’smodel or serialnumber.
(d) SafetyInformation
(I) Manuallyleveroperatedhoistsshall
have
safety information affixed to the hoist or the load block.
( a ) The format shall be in accordance with
ANSI 2535.1, ANSI 2535.3, and ANSI 2535.4.
(b) A signal word, such as “WARNING,” shall
be included to bringtheinformation
to theattention
ofthe operator.
( c ) Cautionary language against the following
items shall be included:
( I ) lifting more thantherated
load;
(2) operating thehoist when it isrestricted
from forming a straight linewiththedirectionof
loading;
( 3 ) operating the hoist with a twisted, kinked,
or damaged chain;
(4) operating a damaged or malfunctioning
hoist;
(5) lifting people;
(6) lifting loads over people;
(7) operating a hoistwithlever extension;
(8) removing or obscuring the warning label.
21-1.1.2Construction
( a ) MechanicalDesign
(1) The hoist and appurtenances shall be designed
to withstand all stresses imposed under normaloperating
conditions whilehandlingloadswithintheratedload.
(2) Load-bearingpartsofleveroperatedhoists
shall be designed so thatthe static stress, calculated
for the rated load, shall not exceed 25% of the average
13
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
ASME 830.21-1999
OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER
HOISTS
Section21-1.2:Inspection
21-1.2.1InspectionClassification
( a ) InitialInspection. Prior toinitialuse,allnew,
altered, or modifiedhoistsshallbe
inspected by a
designated person to verify compliance with the applicable provisions ofthisvolume.
(b) Inspection Intervals. Inspectionprocedure
for
hoists in regular service is divided into two general
classifications based upon the intervals at which inspectionshould be performed. The intervals in turn are
dependent upon the nature ofthe critical components
of the hoist and the degree of their exposure to wear,
deterioration, or malfunction. The two general classifications are herein designated as frequent and periodic,
with respective intervals between inspections as defined
below.
( I ) FrequentInspection. Visual examinations by
the operator or other designated personnel with records
notrequired.
( a ) normal service - monthly;
( b ) heavyservice - weekly to monthly;
( c ) severe service - dailytoweekly;
( d ) special or infrequentservice - as recommended by a qualifiedpersonbeforeand
after each
occurrence.
(2) Periodic Inspection. Visualinspection by a
designated person who makes records of apparent external conditions toprovidethebasis
for a continuing
evaluation. An external coded mark on the hoist is an
acceptable identification in lieu of records. (A metal
stamp mark shall not be made in a highly stressed area.)
( a ) normal service - yearly;
(6) heavy service - semiannually. If external
conditions indicate,disassemblyshouldbe
done to
permit detailed inspection.
( c ) severe service -quarterly. If external conditions indicate, disassemblyshould be done to permit
detailed inspection.
( d ) special or infrequentservice - as recommended by a qualifiedpersonbeforethefirstsuch
Occurrenceand as directed by the qualified person for
any subsequent occurrences.
Hook
FIG. 10 SWIVEL TYPE HOOK
( I ) Stop andholdtheloadwhentheleverforce
isremovedandthelever
stroke is completed.
(2) Provide for incremental movement of the load
when lifting or lowering.
( 3 ) Friction brake mechanism shall have provision
for adjustment where necessary to compensate for wear.
(g) Overtravel Restraint. (See Fig. 8.) Beforethe
loadchaincan be completely run out ofthehoist,
it
shall be restrained in its fully extendedposition. The
restraint shall be suchthattheunloadedhoistcan
withstand a lowering operating lever force of twice the
force requiredto lift theratedload, or thehoist with
rated load can withstanda lowering operating lever force
equivalent to theforcerequired to lift the ratedload.
(h) Convertible b a d Rating. On hoists with a convertible load rating feature, the rated load is converted
by changing the number of parts (lines) of load chain
supporting the load (see Fig. 4).This conversion shall
be accomplished as recommended by the manufacturer
without the useof additional components thatare not
furnished withthehoist.
(i) Lubrication. If lubrication is required, accessible
means for lubricationshould be provided.
(i) Manual. Themanufacturershallfurnish
an instruction manualwith
each hoist. The manualshall
include information on thefollowing:
( I ) operation;
(2) inspectionand testing;
(3) lubrication,maintenance,andrepair.
21-1.2.2 Frequent Inspection. (See also Table l.)
( a ) Frequent inspections shall be performed at intervals defined in para. 21- I .2. I(b)( 1) and shall include
observations during operation.
(b) A designated personshall
determine whether
conditions foundduringthe
.inspection constitute a
hazardandwhether
a moredetailedinspectionisrequired.
14
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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STS
OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER
830.21-1999
TABLE 1 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME
- CHAIN
ServiceSevereService
Normal
HeavyService
Visual
Monthly
(111
Record
Vearly
[Note (211
Visual
Weekly to Monthly
[Note (111
All functional mechanisms for
maladjustment interfering
with proper operation
X
...
X
X
Hooks and latches for
deformation, chemical
damage, cracks, and wear
(see ASME 830.10)
X
X
X
...
Hook latch operation, if used
X
X
X
...
Load chain in accordance with
para. 21-1.2.2(d)
X
X
X
...
Load chain reeving for
compliance with the
recommendations of the
hoist manufacturer or a
qualified person
X
...
...
...
Lever for bends, cracks, etc.
X
...
...
...
Hoist support for damage
X
...
...
[Note
Item
Record
Semiannufly
[Note (311
Visual
Daily to Weekly
[Note (111
Record
Quarterly
[Note (311
Frequent lnrpection (see para.
21-1.2.2)
...
Periodic Inspection (see para.
21-1.2.3)
Requirements of frequent
inspection
..
X
...
X
Evidence of loose bolts, nuts,
or rivets
...
X
...
X
...
X
Evidence of worn, corroded,
cracked, or distorted parts
such as load blocks,
suspension housing, levers,
chain attachments, clevises,
yokes, suspension bolts,
shafts, gears, bearings, pins,
rollers, and locking and
clamping devices
...
X
...
X
..
X
Evidence of damage to hook
retaining nuts or collars,
and pins and welds or rivets
used to secure the retaining
members
...
X
...
X
...
X
X
(continued)
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
21-1999
ASME
HOISTS
OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER
TABLE 1 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
- CHAIN (CONT'D)
ServiceSevereService
Normal
HeavyService
Visual
Monthly
(111
Record
Yearly
[Note (211
Visual
Weekly to Monthly
[Note 13))
Record
Semiannually
[Note (311
Visual
Daily to Weekly
[Note (111
Record
Quarterly
[Note (311
Evidence of damage or
excessive wear of load
sprockets or idler sprockets
...
X
..
X
...
X
Evidence of worn, glazed, or
oil contaminated friction
disks; worn pawls, cams, or
ratchet; corroded, stretched,
or broken pawl springs in
brake mechanism
...
...
Safety information required by
para. 21-1.1.1(d) except as
provided in para.
21-1.4.2(d)(6)
...
...
End connections of load chain,
including overtravel
restraints
...
[Note
Item
~~
~~
~
...
X
X
X
..
X
..
X
NOTES:
(1) By operators or other designated personnel with records not required.
(2) Visual inspection by a designated person making records of conditions to provide the basis for a continuing evaluation.
(3) As in Note (2) unless conditions indicate that disassembly should be done to permit detailed inspection.
allowinspection of components should be opened or
removed for the inspection and then closed or replaced
beforerestoringthehoist
to normaloperationunless
further maintenanceis required.
(c) A designatedpersonshall
determine whether
conditions found during inspection constitute a hazard
andwhetherdisassemblyis
required.
(d) Thefollowing items shall be inspected:
( I ) theitemslisted
in para. 21-1.2.2;
(2) fastenersfor evidence of loosening;
(3) load blocks, suspension housings, levers, chain
attachments, clevises, yokes,suspensionbolts,
shafts,
gears, bearings, pins, rollers, and locking and clamping
devices for evidence ofwear, corrosion, cracks, and
distortion;
( 4 ) hook retaining nuts or collars, and pins; welds
or rivets used to secure theretainingmembers
for
evidence of damage;
(5) load sprockets or idler sprockets for evidence
of damageandwear;
(6) the brakemechanismon friction brakehoists
for evidence of worn, glazed, or oil contaminated
friction disks; worn pawls, cams, or ratchets; corroded,
stretched, or brokenpawl springs;
(c) The followingitemsshall be inspected:
(/) operating mechanismsfor
proper operation,
proper adjustment, and for unusual sounds such as but
not limitedtobindingnoise
ofthe
chain, bearing
squeal;
(2) hooks in accordance with ASME B30.10,Frequent Inspection;
(3) hooklatches, if used, for proper operation;
(4) load chain in accordance with para. 21-1 S . 1
or 21-1.6.1;
(5) loadchainreevingfor
compliance withthe
recommendations of the hoist manufacturer or a qualified person;
(6) hoistlever for bends, cracks, or other damage; and
(7) damage to thesupport for thehoist.
21-1.2.3 Periodic Inspection. (See also Table 1.)
(a) Periodic inspections shall be performed at intervalsdefined in para. 21-1.2.l(b)(2). These inspections
maybeperformedwiththehoistatitslocation,and
do notrequirethehoistto
be disassembled.
(b) Covers and otheritemsnormallysupplied
to
16
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
ASME 830.21-1999
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
(c) All test anchorages or suspensions shall be approved by aqualifiedperson.
(7) supporting structure or trolley, ifused,
for
evidence of damage;
(8) safetyinformation,required
by para. 21l . l. l(d), for legibility and replacement;
(9) end connections ofload chains for evidence
of wear, corrosion, cracks, damage, anddistortion including overtravelrestraints;and
(IO) the hoist andhoistmounting for evidence of
missingitems.
Section 21-1.4: Maintenance
21-1.4.1Preventive Maintenance
(a) Apreventivemaintenanceprogram
should be
establishedandshould be:
( I ) based on the recommendations outlined in the
hoistmanufacturer’smanual;
(2) reviewed by a qualified person for the applicationofthehoist,whenrequired.
(b) Replacement parts shall be at least equal to the
originalmanufacturer’sspecifications.
21-1.2.4Hoists Not in RegularUse
(u) Ahoistthathas
been idle for aperiod of one
month or more, but less than one year, shall begiven
an inspection conforming with the requirements of para.
21- 1.2.2 before it isplaced in service.
(b) A hoistthathas been idle for aperiod of one
year shall be given an inspection conforming with the
requirenlents of para. 21-1.2.3 before it is placed in
service.
21-1.4.2AdjustmentsandRepairs
(a) Conditionsdisclosed by theinspections performed in accordance with the requirements of Section
2 1-1.2 that are determinedtobeahazard
during
continuedoperationshall be corrected by adjustment,
repair, or replacementbefore continuing theuseof
thehoist.
(6) Adjustments, repairs, andreplacementsshall be
performedbydesignated
personnel.
(c) Components shall be adjusted or repaired as
needed. The following are examples:
( I ) operating mechanisms;
(2) brakesandpawls.
(di Repairs or replacements shall be made as needed.
The following are examples:
( I ) excessively worn braking components such as
friction disks, ratchets, pawls,and pawl springs;
(2) critical parts, including load suspension components,that are cracked, broken,bent, or excessively
worn;
(3) bent, cracked, or otherwise damaged levers;
(4) worn, corroded, or otherwise damagedload
chain in accordance with paras. 21-1 S . 1 and 21-1.6.1;
(5) replace hooks showing conditions described in
ASME B30.10. Repairs by welding or reshaping are
not permitted;
(6) missing or illegiblesafetyinformationlabels; and
(7) itemsthatare determined to be missing.
Section21-1.3:Testing
21-1.3.1 Operational Tests. All new hoistsshall
be tested by thehoistmanufacturer.
All altered or
repaired hoists, or hoists that have not been used within
thepreceding 12 months,shallbetestedbeforebeing
placed in service by, or underthe
direction of, a
designated person to ensure compliance withthisvolume, including the following.
(a) All functions of the hoist shall be checked with
the hoist suspended in the unloaded state. (Some hoists
may requireanominalload
or pullontheloadhook
to testthe lowering motion.)
(b) Aftertesting in the unloaded state, aloadofat
least 1 0 0 lb (46 kg) times the numberof load-supporting
partsofchainshall
be applied to thehoist in order
to checkproperload control.
21-1.3.2LoadTest
(u) All new hoists shall be tested by the manufacturer
withatestloadof
at least 125% of theratedload.
(b) All hoists in whichload sustaining partshave
been altered, replaced, or repaired shall be tested statically or dynamicallyby, or underthe direction of, an
be
appointedperson, and arecord of thetestshould
made. The applied testloadshall be at leastequal to
the rated load or greater, as approved by the manufacturer. The replacement of loadchain is specifically
excluded from this hoist load test; however, a functional
be made in accordance with
test of thehoistshould
para. 21- 1.3. I(a) prior to puttingthehoistback
in
service.
21-1.4.3 Lubrication. All moving parts of the hoist
forwhichlubricationisspecifiedshould
be regularly
lubricated. Care should be taken to follow manufacturer’s recommendations as topointsandfrequencyof
lubrication,and
quantity and types of lubricant to
be used.
17
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME B30.21-1999
Section21-1.5:WeldedLinkChainInspection,
Replacement, and
Maintenance
( e ) The chainshall be installedwithoutanytwist
betweenthehoistandananchoredendon
either the
loadside or slack side.
(f3 When chain is replaced, inspect the mating parts
(sprockets, guides, stripper) for wearandreplace,
if
necessary.
(g) Load chain, discarded or new, shall not be used
for slings.
21-1.5.1WeldedLinkChainInspection
(u) Test the hoist under load
in lifting and lowering
directions and observe theoperation ofthechainand
sprockets. Thechainshouldfeedsmoothly
into and
awayfromthe sprockets.
( b ) If thechainbinds, jumps, or is noisy,first see
that it is cleanandproperly lubricated. If the trouble
persists,inspectthechainandmatingparts
for wear,
distortion, or other damage.
(c) Examine visually for gouges, nicks, weld spatter,
corrosion, anddistortedlinks.
Slacken thechainand
move the adjacent links to one side to inspect for wear
at the contact points. If wear is observed or if stretching
is suspected, thechainshould be measured according
to thehoistmanufacturer’sinstructions. If instructions
are not available, proceed as follows.
( I ) Select anunworn,unstretchedlengthof
the
chain (e.g., at theslack end).
(2) Suspend the chain vertically under tension and,
using a caliper-type gage, measurethe outside length
of any convenient numberoflinks
approximately 12
in. (305 mm) to24 in. (610 mm) overall.
(3) Measure the same number of links in the used
sections and calculate the percentage increase in length.
21-1.5.3WeldedLinkChainMaintenance
( a ) Load chainshould be keptclean and free from
anycoating or deposit that willbuild up and change
the dimensions oftheloadchain
or reduceflexibility.
The cleaning processshallnot damage the chain, and
in the cleaning processshall
be
anysolutionused
acid-free.
(6) Load chain should be lubricated as specified by
thehoistmanufacturer or by a qualifiedperson.
Section21-1.6:RollerChainInspection,
Replacement, and
Maintenance
21-1.6.1RollerChainInspection
( a ) Test the hoist under load in lifting and lowering
directions and observe theoperation of the chain and
sprockets. The chainshouldfeedsmoothlyintoand
awayfromthe
sprockets.
(6) If thechainbinds, jumps, or isnoisy,first see
that it is clean and properly lubricated. If the trouble
persists, inspectthe chain in accordance with paras.
2l-l.6.l(c) and21-1.6.1(d)and
inspect matingparts
for wear distortion or other damage.
(c) Rollerchainshouldfirst
be inspectedwhile it
is in thehoist.Withthehoistsuspended
in normal
position,apply a lightloadof
approximately 100 lb
(46 kg).
(I) Check chain for elongation following the hoist
manufacturer’sinstruction. In absence ofspecific instructions, thechaincan
be checked by determining
thenormalpitchandmeasuring
a 12in. (305 mm)
section of chainthatnormally
travels over theload
sprocket. Usinga caliper-type gage, check the dimension
fromthe edge of one chainpin to the corresponding
edge of another pin for the number of pitches per foot.
If elongation exceeds
in. (6.3 mm) in 12 in. (305
mm) the chain shall be replaced. For example, a in.
(I9 mm) pitch chainshouldmeasure12in.
(305 mm)
over 16 pitches. Chain shall be rejected if measurement
over I6 pitches exceeds 121/4 in. (3 I 1 mm).
21-1.5.2WeldedLinkChainReplacement
( a ) If the used chain exceeds the hoist manufacturer’s
recommended length (or in the absence of such recommendation, if the used chainis21/,%longerthanthe
unused chain), replacethe chain. Repairing ofload
chain by welding or any other meansshall notbe
attempted by anyone other than the chain manufacturer.
(b) The existence of gouges, nicks, corrosion, weld
spatter, or distorted links is sufficient reason for questioning chain safety and considering chain replacement.
Safety in thisrespect depends largely upon the useof
good judgment by anappointed or designatedperson
in evaluating the degree of deficiency.
(c) Replacement chain shall be the same size, grade,
and construction as the original chain furnished by the
hoistmanufacturer,unless otherwise recommended by
the hoist manufacturerdue to actual working conditions.
(d) Load chainlinksthatpass
over thehoistload
sprocket on edge (as opposed to thosethatlie flat in
thepockets)shall
be installed withtheweldsaway
from the center of the sprocket. This precaution isnot
required on idler sprockets that change the direction
butnotthetension
in the chain.
v‘
18
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
’4
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
(2) Checkchain for twist. The chainshall be
replaced if thetwist in any 5 ft (1.52 m) section
exceeds 15 deg.
(3) Check for straightness in planeperpendicular
to plane of rollers. A chain that has a bow exceeding
d!? in. (6.3 mm) in any 5 ft (1.52 m) sectionshall be
replaced. .
(d) Additionalinspectionofthechainshould
be
made by removingchainfromhoist
and cleaning it
thoroughly in anacid-free
solvent. A checkshould
then be made for anyof the followingdeficiencies:
( I ) pins turnedfrom their originalposition;
(2) rollers that do notrun freely with light finger
pressure;
(3) joints that cannot beflexed
by easy hand
pressure;
(4) side plates that are spread open (a visual check
of the pinheadextension
at thedamaged area, as
compared to the pin extension at the free endof the
chain, can determine the amount of spreadandthe
condition of the chain);
( 5 ) corrosion, pitting, or discoloration of chain
(generally indicative of serious impairment);
(6) gouges, nicks, or weld spatter.
ensure thatall joints are free from grit andforeign
matter.
( b ) Roller chains should be lubricated in accordance
with hoist manufacturer’s recommendations. In absence
of specificlubricationinstructions,the
chains should
be lubricatedwith a good grade of automotive motor
oil SAE grades 20 or 30. Neverapply grease to the
chain.
Section21-1.7:Operation
21-1.7.1 Hoisting Practices for Operators. Safe
operation of a leverhoistinvolvesmorethan
pulling
on thelever.Referto
the B30 Introduction,which
emphasizes thattheuseofhoists
is subject to certain
hazardsthat cannot be met by mechanicalmeans,but
only by the exercise of intelligence, care, common
sense, and experience in anticipating themotionsthat
will occur as a result of operating the controls.
21-1.7.2 Before OperatingHoist
( a ) The supporting structure or anchoring means
shall have a load rating at least equal to that of the hoist.
(b) The operator shall be familiar with all operating
controls of the hoist, and shall be instructed as to
warnings on thehoist,thehoistingpracticeslisted
in
this section, andthe operator’s manualprovided by
thehoistmanufacturer.
( c ) If adjustments or repairs are necessary, or any
defectsareknown,theoperatorshallreportthis
promptlytotheappointedperson.
(d) Hoistsshall beused only in locations thatwill
allowthe operator to be free oftheload.
( e ) The operator shall have firm footing or otherwise
be securedbefore operating thehoist.
(f) Theoperatorshallhaveaccess
to theoperating lever.
( g ) The operator shall not operate a hoist that bears
an out-of-order sign.
( h ) The operator shall not adjust or repair a hoist
unlessqualifiedtoperformmaintenance
onthe hoist.
( i ) The chainshall notbeused
as a ground for
welding.
( j ) A welding electrode shall not be touched to the
chain or anyotherpart of thehoist.
( k ) Hoistsshall notbe operated by otherthan hand
power of one operator.
( I ) Hoistsshall notbe operated withan extension
on thelever.
21-1.6.2RollerChainReplacement
(a) Roller chain shallbereplaced
if anyofthe
conditions exist as stated in paras. 2 I - I .6.1(c) and 2 11.6.1(d).
(b) Repairing of roller chain by welding or heating
shallnotbeattempted.
( c ) Replacement chain shall be the same size, grade,
and construction as the original chain furnished by the
hoistmanufacturerunless otherwise recommended by
the hoist manufacturerdue to actual working conditions.
(d) When chain is replaced, disassemble and inspect
thematingparts (sprockets, guides, stripper) for wear
and replace, if necessary.
(e) Whenchain is replaced, it should bereeved in
therecommendedmannerandshould
operate freely
over allloadand idler sprockets. All connectinglinks
and chain end fastenings should be inspected and
properly secured. Hoist manufacturer’s recommendations should be followed on the selection and installation
of connecting links.
@J Roller chains, discarded or new,shall notbe
used for slings.
21-1.6.3RollerChain Maintenance
( a ) Roller chains should be kept clean and free from
rust.Excessivelydirty
chains should be soaked in a
clean acid-free solvent. Chains should be agitatedto
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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME B30.21-1999
21-1.7.3Handling the Load
(u) The hoistchainshall
notbewrappedaround
theload.
(6) The loadshall be attachedtotheloadhook
by
suitable means.
(c) The sling or other device shall be properly seated
in thebase (bowl) ofthehook.Hooklatchshallnot
be allowed to support anypartoftheload.
(d) The loadshallnot
be appliedtothepoint
of
the hook.
( e ) Before applying theload,the operator shall be
sure theloadchainisnotkinked
or twisted or that
multiple parts,of thechainare
not twistedabout
each other.
(f) The hoistshall notbe operatedunlesschain is
seated properlyonthesprockets.
(g) The operator shall. not apply a loadbeyondthe
rated load appearing on the hoist or load block, except
during properly authorized tests.
(h) Hoists shall not be operated until the load block,
the
chain, andhoist body aredirectly in linewith
direction of loadingtoavoid side pull.
( i ) The hoist body or frameshall not bear against
any object or the supporting structure.
( j ) Specific attentionshould be giventobalancing
of the load and hitching or slinging to prevent slipping
oftheload.
(k) The operator shall not releasethehoistlever
untiltheratchetandpawlisengagedandthe
lever is
atrest.
(1) The operator shall not engage in any activity
that will divert the operator’s attention while operating
thehoist.
(m) The operator shall not apply a load to the hoist
untilthe operator andall other personnel are clear of
theload.
(n) The operator shall make sure a load clears obstacles beforemoving.
( o ) A loadshall notbemovedmorethan
a few
inches until it iswellbalanced
in the sling or lifting
device.
( P ) When starting to lift or pull, the load should be
moved a fewinches at whichtimethehoistshould
be checked for proper load holding action.The operation
shall be continued only after the operator is assured
thatthehoist is operating properly.
(9) Hoistsshallnot
beused
to lift, support, or
otherwise transport people.
( r ) The operator shouldavoidcarryingloads
over
people.
( S ) The operator should not leave a loadedhoist
unattended unless specific precautions have been institutedand are in place.
( t ) Care shall be exercised when removing a sling
fromunder a landedandblockedload.
21-1.7.4Performance. Thisvolumeincludes
safety considerations relative to operation of lever operated chain hoists. See ASMEHST-3M for operational
performance characteristics.
20
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
Chapter 21-2
Manually Lever Operated Hoists - Wire Rope Type
Section21-2.1: Marking andConstruction
ultimate
material
strength. Elementsspecifically
intended to givevisiblewarningof
severe overload
bypermanentdeformation while operatingthe hoist
should be designed to show obvious defomation before
failure of other loadsuspensionparts.
(3) Modifications to upgrade, rerate, or modernize
hoistequipmentshall
be as authorized only by the
original equipment manufacturer or a qualified person.
(b) toad Sprockets (Drums) [see Fig. 7,sketch (b)]
( 1 ) Load sprockets should be guarded.
(2) Provisionshould be made to guard against
jamming of the wire rope within the hoist mechanism
undernormal operating conditions.
(c) Wire Rope
( I ) Wire rope shall be of a construction specified
by thehoistmanufacturer or by a qualifiedperson.
(2) If a loadissupported by morethan one part
of wire rope, the tension on the parts shall be equalized.
(3) Socketing shall be done in the manner specified
by the manufacturer of the assembly or the rope manufacturer.
( 4 ) Eye splices shall be made in a manner recommended by a qualifiedperson.Ropethimblesshould
be usedinthe
eye.
(5) Swaged or compressed fittings shall be applied
as recommended by the rope, hoist, or fitting manufacturer.
(6) Wherever exposed to ambient temperatures at
therope in excess of 180°F (82”C), ropehavingan
independent wire-rope, wire-strand core, or other temperature-damage-resistantcoreshall be used.
(7) The rope ends should be attached to the hoist
in a manner so as to prevent disengagement throughout
rated hook travel. No less than two wraps of rope shall
remainontheanchorageofthe
hoist load sprocket
(drum) when the hook is in its fully extended position.
(d) Hooks. (See Fig. 4.) If hooks are of the swiveling
type, they should rotate freely. Hooks shall be equipped
withlatchesunless
the useofthelatch
creates a
hazardousconditionwhere
it interferes withtheuse
of the hook. When required, a latchshallbeprovided
to bridge the throat opening of the hook for the purpose
of retaining slings, chains, etc., under slack conditions.
Referto ASME B30.10.
21-2.1.1 Marking
(a) Rated Load. The ratedloadofthehoistshall
be markedonthehoist
or loadblock.
( b ) Conrrols. Controls shall be identified to indicate
function or direction of motion.
( c ) Identificarim. The hoistshall be markedwith
identificationinformation as follows:
( I ) nameofmanufacturer;and
(2) manufacturer’s model or serial number.
( d ) SafetyInformation
( I ) Manuallyleveroperatedhoistsshall
have
safetyinformationaffixedtothehoist
or loadblock.
( a ) The formatshall
be in accordancewith
ANSI 2535.I , ANSI 2535.3, and ANSI 2535.4.
(b) A signal word, such as “WARNING,” shall
be included to bring the informationtotheattention
of the operator.
(c) Cautionarylanguage against thefollowing
items shallbeincluded:
( I ) liftingmorethantheratedload;
(2) operating a hoistwhenitisrestricted
fromforming
a straightlinewiththe
direction of
loading;
(3) operating a hoistwith a twisted, kinked,
or damagedwire rope;
(4) operating a damaged or malfunctioning
hoist;
( 5 ) liftingpeople;
(6) liftingloads over people;
(7) operating a hoist with lever extension; and
(8) removing or obscuring warninglabels.
21-2.1.2Construction
( a ) Mechanical Design
( I ) The hoist and appurtenances shall be designed
to withstand all stresses imposed under normal operating
conditions whilehandlingloads within theratedload.
(2) Loadbearingpartsofleveroperatedhoists
shall bedesigned so thatthe static stress, calculated
for the rated load, shall not exceed 25% of the average
21
I
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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l
ASME B30.21-1999
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
(e) Load Blocks. Means shall be provided to guard
against wirerope jamming intheloadblockunder
normaloperating conditions.
cfl Load Controlling Mechanism. The hoist shall be
equippedwith a load controlling mechanism, which
shallperformthefollowing
functions undernormal
up to 125%of
operating conditions withtestloads
rated load.
( I ) Stop andholdtheloadwhenthelever
force
isremovedand the lever stroke is completed.
(2) Provide for incremental movement of the load
when lifting or lowering.
(3) Friction brake mechanism shall have provision
for adjustment where necessary to compensate for wear.
(S) Convertible Load Rating. On hoists with a convertible load rating feature, the rated load is converted
by changing thenumberofparts
(lines) of wirerope
supporting theload. This conversionshallbeaccomplished as recommended by themanufacturerwithout
the use of additional components that are not furnished
withthehoist.
(h) Lubrication. If lubrication is required, accessible
means for lubricationshould be provided.
( i ) Manual. Themanufacturershallfurnish
an instruction manualwitheachhoist.
The manualshall
includeinformation on thefollowing:
( I ) operation;
(2) inspectionand testing;
(3) lubrication,maintenance,andrepair.
(a) normal service - monthly;
( b ) heavy service - weeklytomonthly;
(c) severe service - daily to weekly;
( d ) special or infrequent service - as recommended by a qualifiedpersonbeforeand
after each
occurrence.
(2) Periodic Inspection. Visualinspection by a
designated person who makes recordsof apparent external conditions toprovidethebasis
for a continuing
an
evaluation. An external coded mark on the hoist is
acceptable identification in lieuofrecords.
.(A metal
stamp mark shall not be made in a highly stressed area.)
(a) normal service - yearly;
( b ) heavy service - semiannually. If external
conditions indicate, disassemblyshould
be done to
permit detailed inspection.
(c) severe service -quarterly. If external conditions indicate, disassemblyshould be done topermit
detailed inspection.
(d) special or infrequent service - as recommended by a qualifiedpersonbeforethefirstsuch
occurrence and as directed by thequalifiedperson for
any subsequent occurrences.
21-2.2.2 Frequent Inspection.(See also Table 2.)
( a ) Frequent inspections shall be performed at intervalsdefined in para. 21-2.2.1(b)(1) andshall include
observations during operation.
(b) A designatedpersonshall
determine whether
conditions found during theinspection
constitute a
hazardandwhether
a more detailed inspection is required.
(c) The followingitemsshall be inspected:
(1) operating mechanism for properoperation,
proper adjustment, and for unusual sounds such as but
not limited to bindingnoise of the wirerope,bearing
squeal;
(2) hooks in accordance with ASME B30.10,Frequent Inspection;
(3) hooklatches, if used, for proper operation;
(4) wire rope in accordance with para. 21-2.5. I(a);
(5) wireropereeving
for compliance withhoist
manufacturer’s recommendations;
(6) hoistlever for bends, cracks, or other damage; and
(7) damage tothe support for the hoist.
Section21-2.2:Inspection
21-2.2.1 InspectionClassification
(a) InirialInspection. Prior to initialuse,allnew,
altered, or modifiedhoistsshallbeinspected
by a
designated person to verifycompliance with the applicableprovisions of thisvolume.
(b) Inspection
Intervals.
Inspectionprocedure
for
hoists in regular service is divided into twogeneral
classifications based upon the intervals at which inspectionshould be performed. The intervals in turn are
dependent uponthenatureofthe
critical components
of the hoist and the degree of their exposure to wear,
deterioration, or malfunction. The two general classifications are herein designated as frequent and periodic,
with respective intervals between inspections as defined
below.
( I ) FrequentInspection. Visual examinations by
the operator or other designated personnel with records
not required.
21-2.2.3 Periodic Inspection. (See also Table 2.)
( a ) Periodic inspections shall be performed at intervalsdefined in para. 21-2.2.1(b)(2). These inspections
may be performedwith the hoist at its location, and
do notrequirethehoistto
be disassembled.
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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
MANUALLY
HOISTSLEVER OPERATED
ASME B30.21-1999
TABLE 2 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER
OPERATED
Normal
HeavyService
[Note
&em
Visual
Monthly
(111
HOISTS
Service
Record
Yearly
[Note (211
Visual
Weekly to Monthly
[Note (111
- WIRE
ROPE
(99)
ServiceSevere
Record
Semiannully
[Note (311
Visual
Daily to Weekly
[Note (111
Record
Quarterly
[Note (311
X
...
X
...
X
...
X
...
Frequent Inspection (see para.
21-2.2.2)
All functional mechanisms for
maladjustment interfering
with proper operation
X
...
X
Hooks and latches for
deformation, chemical
damage, cracks, and wear
(see ASME 830.10)
X
...
X
Hook latch operation, if used
X
...
X
X
...
X
Wire rope reeving for
compliance with the
recommendations of the
hoist manufacturer or a
qualified person
X
...
Lever for bends, cracks, etc.
X
...
Hoist support for damage
X
...
...
X
Wire rope in accordance with
para. 21-2.5.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
Periodic Inspection (see para.
21-2.2.3)
Requirements of frequent
inspection
Evidence of loose bolts, nuts,
or rivets
...
X
Evidence of worn, corroded,
cracked, or distorted parts
such as load blocks,
suspension housing, levers,
wire rope attachments,
clevises, yokes, suspension
bolts, shafts, gears,
bearings, pins, rollers, and
locking and clamping
devices
...
X
Evidence of damage to hook
retaining nuts or collars, and
pins and welds or rivets
used to secure the retaining
members
...
X
X
...
X
X
...
X
X
...
X
X
...
X
(continued)
23
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
21-1999
ASME
OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER
TABLE 2 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
~
~~
~~
~
~
~~~
~
~~~~~~~
HOISTS
- WIRE ROPE (CONT'D)
~
Normal ServiceService
Severe
Service
Heavy
Visual
Monthly
(111
Record
Yearly
[Note (211
Visual
Weekly to Monthly
[Note 1311
Record
Semiannually
[Note (311
Visual
Daily to Weekly
[Note (111
Record
Quarterly
[Note (311
Evidence of damage or
excessive wear of load
sprockets
...
X
..
X
...
X
Evidence of worn pawls,
cams, or ratchets; corroded,
stretched, or broken pawl
springs in brake mechanism
...
X
...
X
...
X
Safety information required by
para. 21-2.1.1(d) except as
provided in para.
21-2.4.2(d)(6)
...
X
...
X
End connections of wire rope
...
X
...
X
[Note
Item
...
...
X
X
NOTES:
(1) By operators or other designated personnel with records not required.
(2) Visual inspection by a designated person making records of conditions to provide the basis for a continuing evaluation.
(3) As in Note (2)unless conditions indicate that disassembly should be done to permit detailed inspection.
(6) Covers and other itemsnormallysuppliedto
allowinspection of components should be opened or
removed.
( c ) A designatedpersonshall
determine whether
conditions found during inspection constitute a hazard
andwhetherdisassemblyisrequired.
(d) The followingitemsshall be inspected:
( I ) theitemslisted
in para. 21-2.2.2;
(2) fasteners for evidence of loosening;
(3) load blocks, suspension housings, levers, chain
attachments, clevises, yokes,suspensionbolts,
shafts,
gears, bearings, pins, rollers, and locking and clamping
devices for evidence of wear, corrosion, cracks, and
distortion;
( 4 ) hook retaining nuts or collars, and pins; welds
or rivets used to secure theretainingmembers
for
evidence of damage;
(5) drums and sheaves for evidence of damage
andwear;
(6) thebrakemechanism on frictionbrakehoists
for evidence of worn, glazed, or oilcontaminated
friction disks; worn pawls, cams, or ratchets; corroded,
stretched, or brokenpawl springs;
(7) supporting structure or trolley, if used, for
evidence of damage;
(8) safetyinformation,required
by para. 212.1.1(d) for legibility and replacement;
(9) end connections of wire rope for evidence of
deterioration; and
(IO) thehoistandhoistmounting
for evidence of
missingitems.
21-2.2.4Hoists Not in Regular Use
(a) A hoistthathas
been idle for a periodof one
month or more,butlessthan
one year, shall be given
an inspection conforming with the requirements of para.
21-2.2.2 before it isplaced in service.
(b) A hoistthathasbeen
idle for a periodof one
year shall begivenaninspection
conforming withthe
requirements of para. 21-2.2.3 beforeitisplaced
in
service.
Section21-2.3:Testing
21-2.3.1 Operational Tests. All new hoists shall
be tested by thehoistmanufacturer.
All altered or
repaired hoists, or hoists that have not been used within
the preceding 12 months,shall be testedbeforebeing
placed in serviceby,
or underthe
direction of, a
designatedpersonto ensure compliance withthisvolume,includingthe following:
(a) All functions of the hoist shall be checked with
thehoistsuspended in the unloaded state.
24
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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STDDASME B30.2L-ENGL
OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER
ASME 830.21-1999
HOISTS
(b) After testing in the unloaded state, aloadof at
least 1 0 0 lb (46 kg) times the number of loadsupporting
parts of wire rope shall be applied to the hoist in order
to check properload control.
(2) critical parts, including load suspensioncomponents,that are cracked, broken,bent, or excessively
worn;
(3) bent, cracked, or otherwise damaged levers;
(4) worn, corroded, or otherwise damagedwire
rope in accordance withpara.21-2.5.2;
(5) replace hooks showing conditions described in
ASMEB30.10.Repairs
by welding or reshaping are
not permitted;
(6) missing or illegiblesafetyinformationlabels; and
(7) itemsthat are determined to be missing.
21-2.3.2 Load Test
(a) All new hoists shall be tested by the manufacturer
at least 125% of the ratedload.
with a testloadof
(b) All hoists in whichload sustaining parts have
been altered, replaced, or repaired shall be tested statically or dynamically by, or under the direction of, an
appointedperson,andarecord
ofthetestshouldbe
made. The appliedtestloadshall be at least equal to
the rated load or greater, as approved by the manufacturer. The replacement of wirerope
is specifically
excluded from this hoist load test; however, a functional
testofthehoistshould
be made in accordance with
para.21-2.3.1(a)prior
to puttingthehoistback
in
service.
(c) All test anchorages or suspensions shallbe approved by aqualifiedperson.
Section21-2.4:
21-2.4.3 Lubrication. All moving parts of the hoist
forwhichlubrication is specified should beregularly
lubricated. Care should be taken to follow manufacturer’s recommendations as to pointsandfrequency
of
lubrication, andquantityand
types of lubricant to
be used.
Section21-2.5:WireRopeInspection,
Replacement, and
Maintenance
Maintenance
21-2.5.1 Wire RopeInspection
(a) FrequentInspection
( I ) All ropes should be visually inspected by the
operator or other designated person at the start of each
shift. These visual observations should be concerned
with discovering gross damage that may be an immediate hazard,such as the following:
(a) distortion of the rope such as kinking, crushing, unstranding, birdcaging, main strand displacement,
or coreprotrusion;
( b ) general corrosion;
( c ) broken or cut strands;
(d) number, distributions, and type of visible
brokenwires(seeparas.
21-2.5.2(b)(l) and (2) for
further guidance).
( 2 ) Whensuchdamageis
discovered, therope
shall either beremovedfrom
service or given an
inspection as detailed in para.21-2.5.1(b).
(b) Periodic Inspection
( I ) The inspectionfrequencyshall be determined
by a qualified person and shall be based on such factors
as expectedrope life as determined by experience on
the particular installationor similar installations; severity
of environment; percentage of capacity lifts; frequency
rates of operation; and exposure to shock loads.
Inspectionsneednot be at equal calendar intervals
andshould be more frequent as the rope approaches
theendofitsuseful
life.
21-2.4.1Preventive Maintenance
(a) Apreventivemaintenanceprogramshould
be
established andshould be:
( I ) based on the recommendations outlined
in the
hoist manufacturer’s manual;
(2) reviewed by a qualified person for the application of thehoist, when required.
(6) Replacementpartsshall be at least equal to the
original manufacturer’sspecifications.
21-2.4.2AdjustmentsandRepairs
( a ) Conditionsdisclosed by the inspections performed in accordance with the requirements of Section
21-2.2that
are determinedto
be hazard
a
during
continued operationshall be corrected by adjustment,
repair, or replacementbeforecontinuingtheuse
of
the hoist.
(b) Adjustments, repairs,andreplacementsshall
be
performed by designatedpersonnel.
( c ) Components shall be adjusted or repaired as
needed. The followingareexamples:
( I ) operating mechanisms;
( 2 ) brakes and pawls.
(d) Repairs or replacements shall be made as needed.
The following are examples:
( I ) excessively worn braking components such as
friction disks, ratchets,pawls, andpawl springs;
25
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
(2) Periodic inspections shall be performed byan
appointed person. This inspection shall cover the entire
length of rope. The individual outer wires in the strands
of theropeshall be visibletothisperson.
(6) evidence ofheat damage for any cause;
(7) reductions from nominal diameter greater than
thoseshownbelow:
21-2.5.2 Rope Replacement
(u) No precise rules can be given for determination
ofthe exact time for ropereplacement, since many
variable factors are involved. Once a rope reaches any
one of the specified removal criteria, it may be allowed
to operate totheendofthework
shift, based on the
judgment of a qualifiedperson.Theropeshall
be
replaced after thatwork shift, attheendoftheday,
or at the latest time prior to the equipment being used
by thenextwork
shift.
(b) Removal criteria forropereplacementshall
be
as follows:
( I ) in running ropes, 12 randomly distributed broken wires in one lay or four broken wires in one strand
in one lay;
(2) one outer wirebrokenatthe
contact point
with the coreoftheropewhichhasworkedits
way
outoftherope
structure andprotrudes or loopsout
fromtherope
structure;
(3) wear of one-third the original diameter of
outside individualwires;
(4) kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other
damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure. Any
deterioration resulting in appreciable loss of original
strength, such as describedbelow,shall be noted,and
determination shall bemade as to whether further use
of the ropewould constitute a hazard:
(a) pointslisted in para. 2 1 - 2 5 I(a);
(b) reductionofrope diameter belownominal
diameter due to loss of core support, internal or external
corrosion, or wearof outside wires;
(c) severelycorroded or brokenwires at end
connections;
(d) severely corroded, cracked, bent, worn, or
improperlyappliedend connections.
(5) special care should betakenwheninspecting
sections of rapid deterioration such as thefollowing:
(u) sections in contact with saddles, equalizer
sheaves, or other sheaves where rope travel is limited;
(6) sections of the rope at or near terminal ends
where corroded or brokenwiresmayprotrude;
(c) sectionssubject to reversebends;
( d ) sections ofropethat
are normallyhidden
during visualinspection,such
as partspassing over
sheaves;
Rope Diameter
u p to
Over
(8 mm)
in. to
in. (13 mm)
?a in. (0.4 mm)
in. (0.8 mm)
(c) Broken wire removal criteria cited in this volume
applytowirerope
operating on steel sheaves and
drums. The user shall contact the sheave, drum or hoist
manufacturer, or a qualifiedperson, for brokenwire
removal criteria for wireropes operating on sheaves
and drums madeofmaterial
other than steel.
( d ) Attentionshall
be given to end connections.
Upon development oftwobrokenwiresadjacentto
a
socketed end connection, the rope should be resocketed
or replaced.Resocketingshall notbe attempted if the
resultingropelengthwill
be insufficient for proper
operation.
(e) Replacementropeand connections shallhave a
strengthrating at least as great as theoriginalrope
and connections furnished by the hoistmanufacturer.
Any deviation from the original size, grade, or constructionshall be specified by a ropemanufacturer,the
hoistmanufacturer, or a qualifiedperson.
21-2.5.3 Wire Rope Maintenance
( a ) Ropeshould be stored topreventdamage
or
deterioration.
(6) Unreeling or uncoiling of rope shall be done as
recommended by therope manufacturefls) andwith
care toavoidkinking or inducing a twist.
(c) Before cutting rope,
meansshall
be usedto
preventunlayingofthestrands.
(d) During installation, care should be taken to avoid
dragging the rope in dirt or around objects thatwill
scrape, nick, crush, or induce sharp bends.
( e ) Ropeshould be maintained in a well-lubricated
condition. Lubricant applied as partof a maintenance
program shall be compatible with the original lubricant.
Lubricantappliedshall
beof thetypethat
does not
hindervisual inspection. Those sections of rope that
arelocated over sheaves or otherwise hidden during
inspectionandmaintenanceproceduresrequirespecial
attention when lubricatingrope. The object ofrope
lubrication is to reduce internal friction and to prevent
corrosion.
26
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Y16in.
YI6
Maximum Allowable
Reduction From
Nominal Diameter
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
Section 21-26: Operation
in thebase (bowl) ofthehook.Hooklatchshallnot
be allowedtosupport anypart of theload.
21-2.6.1 Hoisting Practices for Operators. Safe
operationof a leverhoistinvolvesmorethanpulling
the lever. Refer to the B30 Introduction, which emphasizes that the use of hoists is subject to certain hazards
that cannot be metby mechanical means, but only by
the exercise of intelligence, care, commonsense, and
experience in anticipating themotionsthat will occur
as a result of operating the controls.
( d ) The loadshall
thehook.
applied to thepoint
of
(e) Before applying theload,the operator shall be
sure thewireropeisnotkinked
or twisted or that
multipleparts ofthewirerope
are nottwisted about
each other.
(fi Hoists shall not be operated until the load block,
wire rope, andhoistbody are directly in line withthe
direction of loadingtoavoid sidepull.
( S ) Thehoist body or frameshall not bear against
any object or thesupporting structure.
( h ) The operator shall not apply a loadbeyondthe
rated load appearing on the hoist
or load block, except
duringproperlyauthorizedtests.
(i) Specificattentionshould begiven to balancing
of the load and hitching or slinging to prevent slipping
oftheload.
( j ) The operator shall not release thehoistlever
until theratchet andpawl isengaged andtheleveris
at rest.
( k ) The operator shall not engage in anyactivity
that will divert the operator’s attention while operating
thehoist.
(1) The operator shall not apply a load to the hoist
until the operator and all other personnelare clear of
theload.
( m ) The operator shall make sure a load clears obstacles beforemoving.
( n ) A loadshall notbemoved
morethan a few
inches until it iswellbalanced
in the sling or lifting
device.
( o ) When starting to lift or pull, the operator should
movetheload a fewinchesandthencheck
the hoist
forproper load holding action. The operationshall be
continuedonly after the operator isassuredthatthe
hoistis operating properly.
(pl Hoist shall not be used to lift, support, or otherwisetransportpeople.
(9) The operatorshouldavoid
carrying loads over
people.
( r ) Theoperatorshould
not leave a loadedhoist
unattended unless specific precautions have been institutedandare
in place.
(S) Care shall be exercised when removing a sling
fromunder a landedandblockedload.
21-2.6.2BeforeOperatingHoist
(a) The supporting structure or anchoringmeans
shall have a load rating at least equalto that of the hoist.
( 6 ) The operator shall be familiar with all operating
controls ofthehoist,andshallbeinstructed
as to
warnings onthehoist,thehoistingpracticeslisted
in
this Section, andtheoperator’smanualprovided
by
thehoistmanufacturer.
( c ) If adjustments or repairs are necessary, or any
defectsareknown,theoperatorshallreportthis
promptly to theappointedperson.
( d ) Hoistsshall beused only in locationsthat will
allow the operator to be free ofthe load.
(e) The operator shall have firm footing or otherwise
be securedbefore operating thehoist.
I’JJ Theoperatorshallhaveaccesstotheoperating lever.
(8) The operator shall not operate a hoist that bears
an out-of-order sign.
( h ) The operator shall not adjust or repair a hoist
unlessqualifiedtoperformmaintenance
on the hoist.
( i ) The wireropeshallnot
be used as a ground
forwelding.
( j ) A welding electrode shall not be touched to the
wirerope or any other partofthehoist.
( k ) Hoistsshall not be operated by other thanhand
power of one operator.
( I ) Hoistsshall notbe operated withan extension
on thelever.
21-2.6.3Handling the Load
(a) The hoist wire rope shall not be wrapped around
theload.
(b) The loadshall be attached totheloadhook
by
suitable means.
( c ) The sling or other device shall be properly seated
37
il
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
notbe
ASME 830.21-1999
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Chapter 21-3
Manually Lever Operated Hoists
Section 21-3.1: Marking andConstruction
- Web Strap Type
permanent deformation while operating the hoist should
be designed to show obvious deformation before failure
of other loadsuspensionparts.
(3) Modifications to upgrade, rerate, or modernize
hoistequipmentshall
be as authorizedonlybythe
original equipment manufacturer or a qualified person.
(6) Load Sprocket (Drum). (See Fig. 6.) The load
sprocket (drum) shall be designedtoavoid
jamming
oftheweb
strap withinthehoistmechanismunder
normal operating conditions.
(c) Web Strap
( I ) The web strap should be nylon, polyester, or
similar syntheticmaterial.
(2) If a load is supported bymorethan one part
of theweb strap, thetension o n the partsshall be
equalized.
(3) End terminations shall be done in the manner
specified by themanufacturer of theassembly or the
web strap manufacturer.
( 4 ) Eyes shall be made in a manner recommended
by thehoistmanufacturer or a qualifiedperson.
( 5 ) Nylonandpolyesterweb
straps shall not be
exposed to an ambient temperature in excess of 200°F
(93°C).
(6) Theweb strap shall be attached to thehoist
in a manner to prevent disengagement throughout rated
hook travel. No less than two wraps of web strap shall
remainon the hoistload sprocket (drum) whenthe
hookis extendedtoitsfullrated
lift.
( d ) Hooks. (See Fig. 4.) If hooks are of the swiveling
type, they should rotate freely. Hooks shall be equipped
withlatchesunlesstheuse
of thelatch
creates a
hazardousconditionwhere
it interfereswiththe
use
of the hook. When required, a latchshallbeprovided
to bridge the throat opening of the hook for the purpose
of retaining slings, chains, etc., under slack conditions.
The latch is not intendedto support theload. See
ASME B30. IO.
( e ) Load Blocks. Meansshallbeprovided
to guard
against web strap jamming in theloadblockunder
normaloperating conditions.
(f, Load Controlling Mechanism. The hoist shall be
equippedwith a load controlling mechanism,which
shallperform the following functions undernormal
21-3.1.1 Marking
(a) RatedLoad. The ratedloadofthehoistshall
be markedonthehoist
or loadblock.
(b) Controls. Controls shall be identified to indicate
function or direction ofmotion.
(c) Identification. The hoistshall be markedwith
identificationinformation as follows:
( I ) name of manufacturer; and
(2) manufacturer’s model or serialnumber;
(d) SafetyInformation
( I ) Manuallyleveroperatedhoistsshall
have
safety information affixed to the hoistor the load block.
(a) The format shallbe
in accordance with
ANSI 2535.1, ANSI 2535.3, and ANSI 2535.4.
(6) A signal word, such as “WARNING,” shall
be included to bringtheinformationtotheattention
of the operator.
( c ) Cautionary language against thefollowing
items shall be included:
( I ) lifting morethantheratedload;
(2) operating a hoistwhen
it isrestricted
from forming a straight line with thedirection
of
loading;
(3) operating a hoist with a twisted,kinked,
or damaged web strap;
( 4 ) operating a damaged or malfunctioning
hoist;
(5) liftingpeople;
(6) lifting loads over people;
(7) operating a hoist with leverextension; and
(8) removing or obscuringwarninglabels.
21-3.1.2Construction
( a ) MechanicalDesign
( I ) The hoist and appurtenances shall be designed
to withstand all stresses imposed under normal operating
conditions whilehandlingloadswithintherated
load.
(2) Loadbearingparts
of leveroperatedhoists
shall bedesigned so thatthe static stress, calculated
for the rated load, shall not exceed 25% of the average
ultimate material strength. Elements
specifically
intended to givevisiblewarning of severe overload by
29
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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
(2) Periodic Inspection. Visualinspection by a
designated person who makes records of apparent external conditions to providethebasis
for a continuing
is an
evaluation. An external coded mark on the hoist
acceptable indication in lieu of records. (A metal stamp
markshall notbemade
in a highly stressed area.)
(a) normal service - yearly;
(b) heavy service - semiannually. If external
conditions indicate, disassembly should be done to
permit detailed inspection.
(c) severe service -quarterly. If external conditions indicate, disassemblyshouldbe
done to permit
detailed inspection.
( d ) special or infrequent service - as recommended by a qualifiedpersonbeforethefirstsuch
occurrence and as directed by the qualified person for
any subsequent occurrences.
operating conditions and with test loads up to 125%
of ratedload.
( 1 ) Stop andholdtheloadwhen
the leverforce
isremovedandthelever
stroke is completed.
(2) Provide for incremental movement of the load
when lifting or lowering.
(3) The friction brake mechanism shall have provision for adjustment wherenecessary to compensate
for wear.
(g) Convertible LoadRating. On hoists with a convertible load rating feature, the rated load is converted
by changingthe number ofparts (lines) ofweb strap
supporting theload. This conversionshall be accomplished as recommended by themanufacturerwithout
the use of additional components that are not furnished
withthehoist.
(h) Lubrication. If lubrication is required, accessible
means for lubricationshould be provided.
( i ) Manual. The manufacturershallfurnishan
instructionmanualwith
each hoist. The manualshall
includeinformation on the following:
( 1 ) operation;
(2) inspectionand testing;
(3) lubrication,maintenance,andrepair.
21-3.2.2 Frequent Inspection.(See also Table 3.)
( a ) Frequent inspections shall be performed at intervalsdefined in para. 21-3.2.I(b)(l) andshall include
observations during operation.
( b ) A designated personshall
determine whether
conditions found during theinspection
constitute a
hazardandwhether
a more detailed inspectionisrequired.
(c) The following itemsshall be inspected:
( I ) operating mechanisms for proper operation,
proper adjustment, and for unusual sounds such as but
not limited to binding noise of the web strap or bearing
squeal;
(2) hooks in accordance with ASME B30.10,Frequent Inspection;
(3) hook latches, if used, for proper operation;
( 4 ) web strap in accordancewithpara.
21-3.5.1;
( 5 ) web strap reeving for compliance with the
recommendations of the hoist manufacturer or a qualified person;
(6) hoistlever for bends, cracks, or other damage; and
(7) damage tothesupport for thehoist.
Section 21 -3.2: Inspection
21-3.2.1InspectionClassification
(a) InitialInspection. Prior toinitialuse,
allnew,
altered, or modifiedhoistsshall
be inspected by a
designated person to verify compliance with the applicable provisions ofthisvolume.
(b) Inspection Intervals. The inspectionprocedure
for hoists in regular service is divided into two general
classifications based upon the intervals at which inspectionshould be performed. The intervals in turn are
dependent upon thenatureofthe
critical components
of the hoist and the degree of their exposure to wear,
deterioration, or malfunction. The two general classifications are herein designated as frequent and periodic,
with respective intervals between inspections as defined
below.
( 1 ) Frequent Inspection. Visual examinations by
the operator or other designated personnel with records
notrequired.
(a) normal service - monthly;
(b) heavy service - weekly to monthly;
(c) severe service - dailytoweekly;
( d ) special or infrequent service - as recommended by a qualifiedpersonbefore
and after each
occurrence.
21-3.2.3 Periodic Inspection. (See also Table 3.)
( a ) Periodic inspections shall be performed at intervalsdefined in para. 21-3.2.l(b)(2). These inspections
may beperformedwiththehoist
at its location, and
do not require thehoisttobedisassembled.
( 6 ) Covers andotheritemsnormally
supplied to
allowinspection of components should be opened or
removed.
30
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
STDOASME B30-21-ENGt L999
OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER
m
0759b70ObLb215
HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
TABLE 3 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR
LEVER
OPERATED
Normal Service
[Note
Item
005
Visual
Monthly
(111
Record
Yearly
[Note (211
HOISTS
- WEB STRAP
1991
Severe S e r v h
Heavy Service
Visual
Weekly to Monthly
[Note 1111
Record
Semiannully
[Note (311
Visual
Daily to Weekly
[Note 1111
Record
Quarterly
[Note 1311
Frequent Inspection (see para.
21-3.2.2)
All functional mechanisms for
maladjustment interfering
with proper operation
X
X
...
X
...
Hooks and latches for
deformation, chemical
damage, cracks, and wear
(see ASME B30.10)
X
X
...
X
...
Hook latch operation, if used
X
...
X
...
X
...
Web strap in accordance with
para. 21-3.5.1
X
...
X
...
X
...
Web strap reeving for
compliance with hoist
manufacturer's
recommendations
...
Lever for bends, cracks, etc.
...
...
...
Hoist support for damage
...
...
...
...
Periodic Inspection (see para.
21-3.2.3)
Requirements of frequent
inspection
...
...
X
...
Evidence of loose bolts, nuts,
or rivets
...
...
X
...
Evidence of worn, corroded,
cracked, or distorted parts
such as load blocks,
suspension housing, levers,
web strap attachments,
clevises, yokes, suspension
bolts, shafts, gears,
bearings, pins, rollers, and
locking and clamping
devices
...
Evidence of damage to hook
retaining nuts or collars, and
pins and welds or rivets
used to secure the retaining
members
X
X
X
X
X
...
X
(continuedl
31
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
.21-1999
ASME
OPERATED
TABLE 3 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
LEVER
HOISTS
- WEB STRAP (CONT'D)
ServiceSevereService
Normal
HeavyService
Visual
Monthly
(111
Record
Yearly
[Note (211
Visual
Weekly to Monthly
[Note (311
Record
Semiannually
[Note (311
Visual
Daily to Weekly
[Note (111
Record
Quarterly
[Note (311
Evidence of damage or
excessive wear of load
sprockets
...
X
..
X
...
X
Evidence of worn pawls,
cams, or ratchets; corroded,
stretched, or broken pawl
springs
...
X
...
X
...
X
Safety information required by
para. 21-3.1.1(d) except as
provided in para.
21-3.4.2(d)(6)
..
X
...
X
..,
X
End connections and
strap
of web
terminations
*,,
X
...
X
...
X
[Note
Item
NOTES:
(1) Visual inspection by operators or other designated personnel.
(2) Visual inspection by a designated person of conditions.
(3) As in Note (2)unless conditions indicate that disassembly should be done to permit detailed inspection.
(c) Adesignatedpersonshall
determine whether
conditions foundduringinspection constitute ahazard
andwhetherdisassembly is required.
(d) The following itemsshall be inspected:
( I ) theitemslisted in para. 21-3.2.2;
(2) fasteners for evidence of loosening;
(3) web strap, suspensionhousings,levers,chain
attachments, clevises, yokes,suspensionbolts,
shafts,
gears, bearings, pins, rollers, and locking and clamping
devices for evidence ofwear, corrosion, cracks, and
distortion;
( 4 ) hook retaining nuts or collars, and pins; welds
or rivetsusedto
secure theretainingmembers
for
evidence of damage;
(5) load sprockets or idler sprockets (drums) for
evidence of damageand wear;
(6) the brakemechanismonfrictionbrakehoists
for evidence of worn,glazed,
or oil contaminated
friction disks; worn pawls, cams, or ratchets; corroded,
stretched, or brokenpawl springs;
(7) supporting structure or trolley, if used, for
evidence of damage;
(8) safetyinformation,required
by para. 213.1. I (d) for legibility and replacement;
(9) end connections ofweb strap for evidence of
deterioration; and
(10) thehoistandhoistmounting
missingitems.
21-3.2.4Hoists Not in Regular Use
(a) Ahoistthathasbeen
idle for aperiodof one
month or more, but less than one year, shall be given
an inspection conforming with the requirements of para.
21-3.2.2 before it isplaced in service.
(6) A hoistthat has been idle foraperiodof
one
year or moreshall be givenaninspection conforming
withthe requirements ofpara. 21-3.2.3 before it is
placed in service.
Section21-3.3:Testing
21-3.3.1 Operational Tests. All new hoists shall
be tested by thehoistmanufacturer.
All altered or
repaired hoists, or hoists that have not been used within
thepreceding 12 months,shallbetestedbeforebeing
placed in service by, or underthe
direction of, a
designated person toensure compliance with the applicable provisions of this volume including the following.
(a) All functions of the hoist shall
be checked with
the hoistsuspended in theunloadedstate.
(6) After testing in theunloaded state, aloadof at
least 1 0 0 lb (46 kg) times the number of loadsupporting
32
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
for evidence of
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME 830.21-1999
parts of web strap shall be applied to the hoist in order
to checkproperload control.
bent, cracked, or otherwise damagedlevers;
worn, corroded, or otherwise damagedweb
accordance with para. 2 1-3.5.2;
replace hooks showing conditions described in
ASME B30. IO. Repairs by welding or reshaping are
not permitted;
(6) missing or illegiblesafetyinformation labels; and
(7) itemsthataredeterminedto
be missing.
21-3.3.2LoadTest
(a) All new hoists shall be tested by the manufacturer
with a testloadofatleast
125% oftheratedload.
( b ) All hoists in whichload sustaining partshave
been altered, replaced, or repaired shall be tested statically or dynamically by, or underthedirection of, an
appointedperson,and a recordofthetestshouldbe
made. The applied testloadshall be atleastequal to
the rated load or greater, as approved by the manufacturer. The replacement ofweb
strap is specifically
excluded from this hoist load test; however, a functional
test of thehoistshould
bemade in accordance with
para. 21-3.3.1(a) prior to puttingthehoistback
in
service.
(c) All test anchorages or suspensions shall be approved by a qualifiedperson.
Section21-3.4:
21-3.4.3 Lubrication. All moving parts of the hoist
forwhichlubricationisspecifiedshould
be regularly
lubricated. Care should be laken to follow manufacturof
er’s recommendations as topointsandfrequency
lubrication,andquantity
and types of lubricant to
be used.
Section 21-3.5: Web Strap Inspection,
Replacement, and
Maintenance
Maintenance
21-3.5.1Web Strap Inspection
( a ) FrequentInspection
( I ) All web straps shouldbevisuallyinspected
by the operator or other designated person at the start
of each shift. These visual observations should be
concerned with discovering gross damage, such as that
listedbelow,whichmaybeanimmediatehazard:
( a ) melting or charring;
( h ) acid or caustic bums;
(c) weld spatter;
(d) broken stitching;
( e ) cuts or tears;
(f, damaged eyes or fittings;
(g) abrasivewear;and
( h ) knots;
(h) Periodic Inspection
( I ) The inspectionfrequencyshall be determined
by a qualified person and shall be based on such factors
as expected web strap life as determined by experience
on theparticularinstallation
or similar installations;
severity of environment; percentage of capacitylifts;
frequency of operation; and exposure toshockloads.
Inspectionsneed not be at equal calendar intervals
and should be more frequentas the web strap approaches
theend of itsuseful life.
(2) Periodicinspectionsshall be performed byan
appointed person. This inspection shall cover the entire
lengthofweb
strap.
( 3 ) Special care should be takenwheninspecting
sections for rapid deterioration, such as the following:
21-3.4.1Preventive Maintenance
( a ) A preventivemaintenanceprogramshould
be
established and should be:
( I ) based on the recommendations outlined
in the
hoistmanufacturer’smanual;
(2) reviewed by a qualified person for the applicationofthehoist,
when required.
(b) Replacementpartsshall be at leastequaltothe
originalmanufacturer’sspecifications.
21-3.4.2AdjustmentsandRepairs
(a) Conditionsdisclosed by the inspections performed in accordance with the requirements of Section
21-3.2 that are determinedto
be a hazard during
continued operationshall be corrected by adjustment,
repair, or replacementbefore continuing the useof
thehoist.
(b) Adjustments, repairs,andreplacementsshall
be
performed by designatedpersonnel.
( c ) Components shall be adjusted or repaired as
needed. The followingare examples:
(I) operating mechanisms;
(2) brakes andpawls.
((i) Repairs or replacements shall be made as needed.
The following are examples:
( I ) excessively worn braking components such as
friction disks, ratchets,pawls, andpawl springs;
(2) critical parts, including load suspensioncomponents,that are cracked, broken,bent, or excessively
worn;
33
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
ASME B30.21-1999
(a) sections in contact with saddles, equalizer
sheaves, or other sheaves whereweb strap travel is
limited;
(b) sections of the web strap at or near terminal
or cuts may be evident;
ends wherebrokenthreads
(c) sections subjecttoreversebends;and
(d) sections ofweb
strap that are normally
hiddenduringvisualinspection,such
as partspassing
over sheaves.
the lever. Refer to the B30 Introduction, which emphasizes that the use of hoists is subject to certain hazards
that cannot be met by mechanicalmeans,but only by
the exercise of intelligence, care, common sense, and
experience in anticipating themotionsthatwill
occur
as a resultof operating the controls.
21-3.6.2Before Operating Hoist
(a) The supporting structure or anchoring means
shallhave a load capacity at leastequal to thatof
thehoist.
(h) The operator shall be familiar with all operating
controls ofthehoist,andshall
be instructed as to
warnings on the hoist, thehoistingpracticeslisted
in
this Section, andthe operator’s portionofthemanual
provided by thehoistmanufacturer.
(c) If adjustments or repairs are necessary, or any
defectsareknown,theoperatorshallreportthis
promptlytotheappointedperson.
(d) Hoistsshallbe used only in locations thatwill
allow the operator tobe free oftheload.
( e ) Theoperatorshallhaveaccesstotheoperating lever.
(f, The operator shall not operate a hoist that bears
an out-of-order sign.
(6) The operator shallnot adjust or repair a hoist
unlessqualifiedtoperformmaintenance
on thehoist.
( h ) Hoistsshall notbe operated by other thanthe
hand powerof one operator.
(i) Hoistsshallnot
be operatedwithan
extension
on thelever.
21-3.5.2Web Strap Replacement
(a) No precise rules can be given for determination
ofthe exact time for thereplacementofweb
strap,
since many variable factors are involved.Continued
use in this respect depends largely upon good judgment
by an appointed or authorizedperson in evaluating
remaining strength in a used web strap after allowance
for deterioration disclosed by inspection. Continued web
strap operation depends upon thisremaining strength.
(6) Conditions such as the following shall be reason
for questioning continued useoftheweb
strap or
increasingthefrequency of inspection:
( I ) severely wornend connections;
( 2 ) distortion oftheweb
strap structure; and
(3) evidence of heatdamage.
(c) The web strap shall be removedfrom service
when damage such as thefollowing is discovered:
melting or charring;
acid or causticburns;
weld spatter;
broken stitching;
cuts or tears;
damaged eyes or fittings;
abrasive wear;and
knots.
21-3.6.3Handling the Load
(a) The hoist web strap shall not be wrapped around
theload.
( b ) The loadshall be attached to the loadhookby
suitablemeans.
(c) The sling or other device shall be properly seated
in thebase (bowl) ofthehook.
The hooklatchshall
notbe allowedtosupportanypart
oftheload.
(d) Theloadshallnot
be appliedto the point of
the hook.
(e) Before applying theload,the operator shall be
sure thattheweb strap is not twisted or that multiple
parts of the web strap are not twisted about each other.
(f) Hoists shall not be operated until the load block,
web strap, and hoist body are directly in line with the
direction of loading to avoidsidepull.
(6) The hoist body or frameshallnotbear
against
any object or the supporting structure.
21-3.5.3Web Strap Maintenance
(a) Web strap should be stored to prevent damage
or deterioration.
(b) Web strap should be protectedfrom dirt, oil,
water,and other foreignmaterials.
(c) During installation, care should be taken to avoid
dragging theweb strap in thedirt or around objects
that will scrape, nick, cut, or induce other damage.
Section21-3.6: Operation
21-3.6.1 Hoisting Practices for Operators. Safe
operation of a leverhoistinvolvesmorethanpulling
34
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
STD-ASME B30.2l-ENGL L999 D 0759b70 Oblb219 750
ASME 630.21-1999
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
(h) The operator shall not applya loadbeyondthe
rated load appearing on the hoist or load block, except
during properlyauthorized tests.
( i ) Specific attentionshould be giventobalancing
of the load and hitching or slinging to prevent slipping
of the load.
(i) The operator shallnotreleasethehoistlever
untilthe ratchet andpawlisengagedandtheleveris
at rest.
(k) The operator shall not engage in anyactivity
that will divert the operator’s attention while operating
thehoist.
(1) The operator shallnotapply a loadtothehoist
untilthe operator andall other personnelare clear of
theload,
(m)The operator shall make sure a load clears obstacles beforemoving.
(n) A loadshallnot
bemovedmorethanafew
inchesuntil it is wellbalanced inthe sling or lifting
device.
(o) When starting to lift or pull, the operator should
movetheloadafew
inches andthencheckthehoist
for proper load holding action. The operation shall be
continued only after the operator is assuredthatthe
hoistis operating properly.
( p ) Hoist shall not be used to lift, support, or otherwisetransportpeople.
(9) The operator shouldavoidcarryingloads
over
people.
( r ) The operator should not leavealoadedhoist
unattended unless specific precautions have been institutedand are in place.
( S ) Care shall be exercised when removinga sling
fromunderalandedandblockedload.
35
COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services
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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Licensed by Information Handling Services