WELCOME TO THE WEBINAR!
You will be connected to audio using your
computer's microphone and speakers
(VoIP). A headset is recommended.
Or, you may select "Telephone" under the
Audio tab on the Control Panel and follow
the instructions.
During the presentation, you are invited to
submit your questions in writing using the
Questions tab of the Control Panel.
We will be providing a follow-up email that
will include a PDF of the presentation and
link to the recording.
Thank you for your patience.
The presentation will begin
shortly.
During this webinar we will have many
opportunities to interact.
At times you will be asked to type in short
answers in the question area.
At times you will be asked to Raise your hand in
response to a yes or no questions.
Take the time right now to find the questions
area and see how to raise your hand.
BRAIN TEASER
What comes first…
The Equipment, or the Parameter? Why?
John sells rope by the inch,
but Jill sells rope by the
centimeter.
If rope sells for about
$0.25/inch, who will have
an advantage?
HOW TO READ A STANDARD:
PART 1
How to find your way around a standard
Alex Porter
Global Director of Engineering
STANDARDS WEBINAR SERIES
• Part 2: TOMORROW @ 2pm Eastern
Repeat of the Series:
• Part 1: Tuesday, October 15 @ 2pm Eastern
• Part 2: Wednesday, October 16 @ 2pm Eastern
To Register: XXXXXXX
AGENDA
01
Introduction & Meet Your Presenter
02
Requirements, Setup, Measurement Uncertainty
03
Conditioning, Test/Exposure
04
Evaluation, Data Types, Calculations,
Test Uncertainty & Reporting
05
Q&A
6
MEET YOUR PRESENTER
Alex Porter
Director of Global Engineering
Intertek Grand Rapids (MI)
7
MORE THAN 100 COUNTRIES, WITH 1,000 LOCATIONS
& 43,000 EMPLOYEES, DELIVERING TOTAL QUALITY SOLUTIONS
OUR SECTORS
Products
OUR SERVICES
Assurance
Testing
Inspection
Certification
Trade
Resources
DEPTH AND BREADTH OF SERVICES GLOCALLY
8
DEPTH AND BREADTH OF ATIC SOLUTIONS
Assurance
Testing
Inspection
Certification
Management Systems
Softlines
Agriculture
Appliance & Electronic
Benchmarking in Quality
& Performance
Hardlines
Asset Integrity
Aerospace & Automotive
Automotive
Building & Construction
Building & Construction
Biofuels
Chemical & Petrochemical
Conformity by Country
Building & Construction
Electrical
Eco-Textile
Chemicals & Pharma
Exporter & Importer
Food & Food Services
Electrical
Field Labelling
Hazardous Locations
Food
Industrial
HVACR1
Health & Beauty
Minerals
Industrial Equipment
Minerals
Oil & Gas
IT & Telecoms
Packaging
Site Construction
Life Safety & Security
Pharmaceutical
Textile & Apparel
Lighting
Sustainability & Environment
Facility / Plant & Equipment
Legal & Regulatory
Product Development
Vendor Compliance
Corporate Social Responsibility
Failure Investigation
Laboratory Outsourcing
Risk Management
Supply Chain Assessment
1Heating
Oil & Gas
Ventilation Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
Medical Devices
9
OUR GLOBAL NETWORK AND CAPABILITIES
Global ATIC Business with over 43,000 Employees
Global
Market
Leader in
Assurance
3,000
Global
Market
Leader
in TIC
1,000+
auditors
laboratories
and offices
100,000
100+
audits
countries
10
HOW TO READ A STANDARD
1
Requirements, Setup, Measurement
Uncertainty
2
Conditioning, Test/ Exposure
3
Evaluation, Data types, Calculations, Test
Uncertainty , Reporting
REQUIREMENTS,
SETUP,
MEASUREMENT
UNCERTAINTYWEBINAR 1 PART 1
• What is needed
• How to control
• Is it accurate enough
• When will it not be.
• Where to find?
• Start in your own mind: Based on scope, what do you expect?
• Definitions or Terms (look for units of measure)
START WITH
PARAMETERS
TO
CONTROL/
MEASURE
• Apparatus, Setup, Preparation, Equipment
• Organize:
• Parameter, Units, Method, Accuracy, Notes
The following parameters are controlled
VALUE
DESCRIPTION
Temperature
Air Temperature
Voltage
Line Voltage
UNITS
Deg C
Vac
METHOD
Chamber
Power Supply
MU
%
%
UNITS
Deg C
Vac
METHOD
Chamber
Power Supply
MU
%
%
The following parameters are monitored
VALUE
Temperature
Voltage
DESCRIPTION
Air Temperature
Line Voltage
13
START WITH PARAMETERS TO CONTROL/ MEASURE
START IN YOUR OWN MIND: BASED ON SCOPE WHAT DO YOU EXPECT?
Unitary AC and Air Source Heat Pumps: AHRI 210/240
Section 1. Purpose
1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish the following for Unitary Air-conditioners
and Unitary Air-source Heat Pumps: definitions, classifications, test requirements, rating
requirements, operating requirements, minimum data requirements for Published Ratings,
marking and nameplate data, and conformance conditions.
1.1.1 Intent. This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers,
engineers, installers, contractors and users.
1.1.2 Review and Amendment. This standard is subject to review and amendment as technology
advances
Section 2. Scope
2.1 Scope. This standard applies to factory-made Unitary Air-conditioners and Unitary Air-source
Heat Pumps with
capacities less than 65,000 Btu/h as defined in Section 3.
What do you expect?
14
Start with Parameters to Control/ Measure
Definitions or Terms (look for units of measure)
AHRI 210/240
Do you like word searches?
Capturing the defined terms of measure or control and their units with a definition can avoid a lot of
confusion when reading the standard body.
15
Start with Parameters to Control/ Measure
Definitions or Terms (look for units of measure)
What are the parameters that were seen in the definition?
Coefficient of Performance (COP) {Watts/Watts}
Degradation Coefficient (CD) {efficiency loss}
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) {Btu/(W h)}
16
Start with Parameters to Control/ Measure
Apparatus, Setup, Preparation, Equipment
5. Test Requirements .................................................................................................12
7. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings............................................39
8. Operating Requirements ........................................................................................40
10. Conformance Conditions.......................................................................................42
Oh, Wait… Referenced Standard : ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37 as amended by Appendix E
17
START WITH PARAMETERS TO CONTROL/ MEASURE
ORGANIZE
Parameter
Units
Range
Accuracy
Method
Air dry-bulb
temperature
C
-29 to 50 C
0.1 C
RTD
0 to
+/-1%
Coriolis Flow
Meter
Water or Brine Kg/s
Flow
18
Notes
OVERALL STRUCTURE
How would the search for Parameters in
a Guide differ from finding them in a
method?
Write your ideas in the Question
Tool.
19
Guide:
Scope
Definitions
Discussion / Steps
Method
Scope
Definitions
Method
Requirements
Scope
Definitions
Declarations
START WITH PARAMETERS TO CONTROL/ MEASURE
ORGANIZE
Imaging Equipment
Parameter
Units
Range
Accuracy
Method
Recovery Time
20
Notes
Sleep or off
to Ready
TEC
Kw-hrs
??-22.7
PdfeReady
W
Ready State
Power
PdfeSleep
W
Sleep Mode
Power
Delay Time to
Sleep
Min
Spped
Ipm
5-45
3 sig
2 significant
If a Guide gives multiple options / methods
Then the method chosen will need to be documented:
Calculation
from TEC
Method
Timer
Typical
Electrical
Consumption
PARAMETERS AND CONTROL:
IS IT ACCURATE ENOUGH?
• Look for Calculations:
• Look for Denominators
• Look for repeated sums or accumulations.
21
CALCULATIONS
qidle = E x 60
t
q = idle energy rate, Btu/h (kW),
E = energy consumed during the test period, Btu
(kWh), and
t = test period, min.
When would this be in-accurate?
How is this controlled?
What are the consequences of a shorter time?
idle
Error increases
as t => 0
22
BRAIN TEASER
Count the Triangles…
How many are there?
CONDITIONING,
TEST/ EXPOSURE
– WEBINAR 1
PART 2
• All about the execution of the test.
WHAT ARE THE KEY POINTS TO WATCH
DURING EXECUTION?
USE THE QUESTIONS? AREA TO WRITE A SHORT ANSWER
Are conditions held (temperature, humidity, profiles, voltage, THD, thermal gradient…)
Is all data being collected / logged properly
Does the product behavior meet expectations
TIME: are all events and steps executed within the prescribed time.
Are transient events captured
Are there conditional steps, are they planned for
25
TOLERANCE, SEQUENCE AND MEASUREMENTS
Condition Tolerance
Performance Tolerance
Sequence (This can include deviations and failure
decisions)
Condition Measurement
Performance Measurement
26
WATCH FOR BLANKET RULES
ASHRAE
• What is the blanket rule?
• How do we handle?
• What does appropriate mean?
Mil-Std-810H
• What is the blanket rule?
• How do we handle?
• What does appropriate mean?
27
Appropriate occurs 17 times in in this standard
THINK OF A DOCUMENT LIKE A DIAMOND
Parameter
Tolerance
Parameter
Monitor
Product Test
Requirements
Calculations
Pass / Fail
Requirements
Test
Sequence
Continuous
Checks
Final Checks and
Reporting
In many documents, each facet of the test sequence will be in different sections
28
MAP IT OUT
Data sheet may be the easiest.
Example -- modify as needed.
#.# {Section Title}
{Units}
#.# {Section Title}
{para}
{Units}
{parameter}
{parameter}
{parameter}
29
{para}
{Units}
{para}
{Units}
WHAT OTHER METHODS OTHER THEN DATA SHEET? USE THE QUESTIONS? AREA TO WRITE A
SHORT ANSWER
30
PROS AND CONS OF MAPPING METHODS
31
Method
Pros
Cons
Data Sheet
Simple, Can capture
units, provide guidance,
Error Checking
Manual Entry
Work Instruction
Can provide more
complex guidance and
customize to particular
equipment
Must be paired with
another tool for
Capturing data.
Standard w/ log book
Simple, free form.
No error checking, no
custom guidance.
Automated software
Simple to use,
reproducible results
Highest Investment, Any
oversight or error is
hidden.
QUESTIONS TO ASK
1
What kind of document is the standard (guidance,
method, requirements)?
2
Is the procedure laid out step by step or cross
referenced? (hint: count the facets)
3
If I use a particular method for mapping, are all the
facets traceably documented and controlled?
4
Be careful not to document through a lack of
information.
32
NOTES ON DATA COLLECTION: WHAT IS GOOD AND BAD ABOUT THESE TWO
STATEMENTS?
Gas Pressure was maintained per standard.
Or
Gas Pressure was between 13.73 psi and
14.21 psi.
33
BRAIN TEASER
• What is the difference?
EVALUATION, DATA
TYPES,
CALCULATIONS, TEST
UNCERTAINTY ,
REPORTING –
WEBINAR 1 PART 3
• All about the conclusions
• Reporting often involves cross
reference between Standard, Method
and Requirements. It is not enough to
know what the standard says…under
what set of rules is the standard being
used.
35
EXAMPLE OF REPORT FORMATS
EPA – Energy Star
ISO 17025
Guidance from the Standard on what to report can give a lot of clarity on how to read the standard:
Example from ASTM –E8
• Material and sample identification.
• Specimen type (see Section 6).
• Yield strength and the method used to determine yield strength (see 7.7).
• Yield point elongation (see 7.8).
• Tensile Strength (also known as Ultimate Tensile Strength) (see 7.10).
• Elongation (report original gauge length, percentage increase, and method used to determine
elongation; i.e. at fracture or after fracture) (see 7.11).
• Uniform Elongation, if required (see 7.9).
36
• Reduction of area, if required (see 7.12).
EVALUATION
• Conditions and controls
• What needs to have been true (think
scientifically)
• How to check / why?
• Response Data
• ….oh wait some of the evaluation is not
numbers.
37
CALCULATIONS
Which is faster?
• Setting up calculations ahead of time
Or
• Building calculations after the fact
Better if calculations are setup ahead of time (why?)
But that takes to long???
Watch units (standards are to aggressive in canceling units).
38
NFPA 1994 -MIST
Uptake Rate (cm/min)
Uptake Rate = [mg] / {[cm^2][mg*min/cm^3]}
Note: cm^2 (area) and cm^3 volume are measuring two different things. (area of
body verse volume of gas). Although they are they same units and cancel… this
makes the number cm/min confusing. It is not cm /min. It is mg absorbed per
unit area per mg available per volume per minute.
39
TEST UNCERTAINTY
Do you need it?
• Consensus standards with controlled sources of uncertainty – no (unless asked)
What type of standard is likely to needed it?
40
REPORTING
Key Points
Per ISO 17025: report shall include at least the following information, unless the laboratory has valid reasons for not doing
so, thereby minimizing any possibility of misunderstanding or misuse:
a title (e.g. “Test Report”, “Calibration Certificate” or “Report of Sampling”);
the name and address of the laboratory and the location of performance of the laboratory activities,
identification of the method used;
a description, unambiguous identification, and, when necessary, the condition of the item;
the date of receipt of the test or calibration item(s), and the date of sampling, where this is critical to the validity and
application of the results;
the date(s) of performance of the laboratory activity;
the date of issue of the report;
reference to the sampling plan and sampling method used by the laboratory or other bodies where these are relevant to
the validity or application of the results;
the results with, where appropriate, the units of measurement;
additions to, deviations, or exclusions from the method;
identification of the person(s) authorizing the report;
clear identification when results are from external providers.
Yeah… but what does the standard say?
41
REPORTING
Annnnd what does ISO 17025 say
• 7.5.1 - Traceability of all data used in reports.
• 7.8.1.2 All data needed for interpretation and required by the method.
• 8.8.2 Traceable data including dates, identification of samples and origins
and sampling plan
42
REPORTING FAILURES
Reporting passing data is
easy – Everyone is happy.
What about failures and retesting?
43
SAMPLE
SELECTION
AND
RETESTING –
SCENARIO
ONE:
SEPARATE
TESTING.
• Multiple Samples: 25
• Multiple tests: 5 different materials test, 5
samples each
Tensile
Flex
Izod Impact
Cold Bend
HDT
Pass
Pass
Fail
Pass
Pass
REQUEST FROM SOMEONE
New samples to re-test the Izod impact.
Please report only
the passing values
from the first
batch and the
second batch.
These pass
HOW DO WE REPORT:
We can not ignore data, all testing results must be reported in a way that is not deceptive:
ISO 17025 7.8.1.2 General
The results shall be provided accurately, clearly, unambiguously and objectively, usually in a report
(e.g. a test report or a calibration certificate or report of sampling), and shall include all the
information agreed with the customer and necessary for the interpretation of the results and all
information required by the method used. All issued reports shall be retained as technical records.
Report what:
All data must be reported.
Results report showing a section for each test.
The Project folder must contain all relevant information.
Do NOT present data in a deceptive way.
SCENARIO TWO:
STATISTICAL TESTING /
PARTIAL FAILURE
• Random Sample: 25
• One large test, 25
samples run:
•
•
All samples must
have Ultimate Pull
strength greater then 95
MPa
The average Ultimate
Pull must be greater then
105 MPa
Sample
Ultimate Pull (MPa)
1
94
2
104
3
114
4
111
5
108
Sample
Ultimate Pull (MPa)
6
98
7
115
8
117
9
111
10
105
Sample
Ultimate Pull (MPa)
11
94
12
94
13
104
14
109
15
105
Sample
Ultimate Pull (MPa)
16
102
17
109
18
99
19
98
20
108
Sample
Ultimate Pull (MPa)
21
99
22
107
23
116
24
96
25
95
Average (MPa)
104.48
• Engineer wants to use 3 additional
FAILURE
samples for testing.
• Have the samples tested and replace
the three low, failing samples with the
new ones.
• ANSWER: No absolutely not.
• (unless the standard specifically
provides for rejection of outliers –
then follow the rules of the
standard)
WHY NOT?
A statistical sample is RANDOM
sample from a population to
represent the population:
Which one is random?
25 Samples, taken at random
Or
25 samples screened to be over
95 MPa?
RECAP
1
Identify the Type of Standard (Guide,
Method, Requirement)
6
Document Units, Method and Uncertainty
2
Use Parameters to be Measured or
Controlled to gather and organize
information
7
Choose how to Capture Information (Data
sheet, Log Book, Automation)
3
Start with Definitions
8
Plan out Reporting before starting
4
Work through Setup, Execution and Report
5
Watch out for Referenced Documents
50
QUESTIONS?
51
STANDARDS WEBINAR SERIES
• Part 2: TOMORROW @ 2pm Eastern
Repeat of the Series:
• Part 1: Tuesday, October 15 @ 2pm Eastern
• Part 2: Wednesday, October 16 @ 2pm Eastern
To Register: XXXXXXX
Alex Porter, Director of Global Engineering
+1 616 656 1348
alex.porter@intertek.com
www.intertek.com
©2019 INTERTEK ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
No reproduction of this material is allowed without written permission of Intertek.
Contact icenter@intertek.com for additional inquiries.