APPENDIX C
Physical Properties
of Water
Table C-1
Physical properties of water (SI units)
Specific
Dynamic
Kinematic
Surface Modulus of
Vapor
a
b
c
a
Viscosity
Viscosity
Tension
Elasticity
Pressure
Temperature Weight Density
E
Pv
T
γ
ρ
μ
ν
σ
(◦ C)
(kN/m3 ) (kg/m3 ) (× 10−3 kg/m·s) (× 10−6 m2 /s) (N/m) (× 109 N/m2 ) (kN/m2 )
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
9.805
9.807
9.804
9.798
9.789
9.777
9.764
9.730
9.689
9.642
9.589
9.530
9.466
9.399
999.8
1000.0
999.7
999.1
998.2
997.0
995.7
992.2
988.0
983.2
977.8
971.8
965.3
958.4
1.781
1.518
1.307
1.139
1.002
0.890
0.798
0.653
0.547
0.466
0.404
0.354
0.315
0.282
1.785
1.519
1.306
1.139
1.003
0.893
0.800
0.658
0.553
0.474
0.413
0.364
0.326
0.294
0.0765
0.0749
0.0742
0.0735
0.0728
0.0720
0.0712
0.0696
0.0679
0.0662
0.0644
0.0626
0.0608
0.0589
1.98
2.05
2.10
2.15
2.17
2.22
2.25
2.28
2.29
2.28
2.25
2.20
2.14
2.07
0.61
0.87
1.23
1.70
2.34
3.17
4.24
7.38
12.33
19.92
31.16
47.34
70.10
101.33
Source: Adapted from J. K. Venard and R. L. Street (1975). Elementary Fluid Mechanics, 5th ed., Wiley, New York.
atmospheric pressure.
viscosity can also be expressed in units of N·s/m2 .
c In contact with air.
a At
b Dynamic
MWH’s Water Treatment: Principles and Design, Third Edition
John C. Crittenden, R. Rhodes Trussell, David W. Hand, Kerry J. Howe and George Tchobanoglous
Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1861
1862
Appendix C Physical Properties of Water
Table C-2
Physical properties of water (U.S. customary units)
Specific
Dynamic
Kinematic
Surface Modulus of
Vapor
a
b
a
Viscosity
Viscosity
Tension
Elasticity
Pressure
Temperature Weight Density
E
pv
T
γ
ρ
μ
ν
σ
(◦ F)
(lb/ft3 ) (slug/ft3 ) (× 10−5 lb·s/ft2 ) (× 10−5 ft2 /s) (lb/ft) (103 lbf /in.2 ) (lbf /in.2 )
32
49
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
212
62.42
62.43
62.41
62.37
62.30
62.22
62.11
62.00
61.86
61.71
61.55
61.38
61.20
61.00
60.80
60.58
60.36
60.12
59.83
1.940
1.940
1.940
1.938
1.936
1.934
1.931
1.927
1.923
1.918
1.913
1.908
1.902
1.896
1.890
1.883
1.876
1.868
1.860
3.746
3.229
2.735
2.359
2.050
1.799
1.595
1.424
1.284
1.168
1.069
0.981
0.905
0.838
0.780
0.726
0.678
0.637
0.593
1.931
1.664
1.410
1.217
1.059
0.930
0.826
0.739
0.667
0.609
0.558
0.514
0.476
0.442
0.413
0.385
0.362
0.341
0.319
0.00518
0.00614
0.00509
0.00504
0.00498
0.00492
0.00486
0.00480
0.00473
0.00467
0.00460
0.00454
0.00447
0.00441
0.00434
0.00427
0.00420
0.00413
0.00404
287
296
305
313
319
324
328
331
332
332
331
330
328
326
322
318
313
308
300
0.09
0.12
0.18
0.26
0.36
0.51
0.70
0.95
1.27
1.69
2.22
2.89
3.72
4.74
5.99
7.51
9.34
11.52
14.70
Source: Adapted from J. K. Venard and R. L. Street (1975). Elementary Fluid Mechanics, 5th ed., Wiley, New York.
atmospheric pressure.
b In contact with the air.
a At
The following equations (R. C. Weast, 1983, CRC Handbook of Chemistry
and Physics, 64th edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL) can be used to
compute the density ρw (kg/m3 ) and dynamic viscosity μw (kg/m·s) at
other temperatures:
999.83952 + 16.945176(T ) − 7.9870401 × 10−3 (T )2
−46.170461 × 10−6 (T )3 + 105.56302 × 10−9 (T )4 − 280.54253 × 10−12 (T )5
ρw =
1 + 16.879850 × 10−3 (T )
For 0 < T < 20◦ C,
where
A=
1301
− 1.30223
998.333 + 8.1855(T − 20) + 0.00585(T − 20)2
For 20 < T < 100◦ C,
where
B=
μw = 10−3 (10A )
μw = (1.002 × 10−3 )(10B )
1.3272(20 − T ) − 0.001053(T − 20)2
T + 105