CHAPTER
1
LANGUAGE and COMMUNICATION
PRE-DISCUSSION
Study the following words. Which spelling is correct? Which Spelling is incorrect? Tick
the appropriate box. Justify your answer.
Correct
Incorrect
Justifications
Aeroplane is the
preferred British
spelling.
Aeroplane

Airplane

Colonise

Colonize


The
word airplane happens
to be one of the words
with the same meaning
but spelled differently
between
American English and
British English.
Colonise is the original
and old spellings of the
word are with an s and
are used extensively in
British English.
Colonize is used as a
verb in English
language which means
to send settlers to (a
place) and establish
political control over it.
Chiefly British spellings
of defense.
Defence
Defense is used in
American English.
Defense

Enrolment

Enrolment is standard
in British English.

Enrollment is a
variation of the same
word, applicable in all
the same contexts and
carrying all of the same
meaning, it is standard
Enrollment
in American English
Honour

Honor

Honour is the
preferred spelling in
British English.
Honor is the American
spelling of the word
meaning, among things,
great respect or
recognition, and to show
respect for.
ASSESSMENT/ENRICHMENT Check your understanding of the input by answering the
following questions:
1. What is the difference between language acquisition and language learning?
Language learning is the study of a language's structure and system. It's primarily a
mental challenge. Language acquisition entails absorbing the language system and
structure of a local dialect in some manner, ideally without ever interrogating the
linguistic true structure directly. The term language acquisition refers to the process of
learning a language without the aid of a course or a teacher. They'll need a steady
source of natural communication if we want to learn a language. The mother, father, or
guardian, are usually the sources of supply. The end outcome of direct language policy
training is the acquisition of language knowledge. It's not the same thing as mastery.
2. What is the difference between first language and second language?
For the most part, the primary language is the one you learned as a child. It's usually
the language of your home country and your folks. The language we are learning is
considered the second speech. A main language is a person's mother tongue or local
dialect, whereas a second language is a language learned to converse with fluent
speakers of that language.
3. What happens after a language comes into contact with another?
The interaction of language can results in the substitution of one language for another.
That is the most usual situation when one language plays a larger social role. This
occasionally results in language shift or displacement. For example, English emerged
because, in a nutshell, languages from adjacent countries take words and evolve
together.
CONCRETIZING
How many languages do you speak?
What is/are your first language/s or mother
tongue/s?
How did you acquire your fist language/s or
mother tongue/s?
What skills can you perform using your first
language/s?
3
Ilocano
I began to learn their first language as a result of
my daily interactions with them. The noises I've
heard, the sentences I've listened, and the
gestures or movements I've seen all assist me in
discovering my first language, or mother tongue.
My surroundings, in addition to allowing me to
learn the local dialect, help me to do so.
Reading comes first, followed by listening, writing,
and then speaking. We must be able to recognize
the written vocabs direct meaning. Listening comes
next because writing requires us to generate
content, which adds to the complexity. We must
recognize the word to use, the structure in which
the language should be placed, and the format in
which the phrase should be conveyed given
shape.
What is/are your second language/s?
TAGALOG AND ENGLISH
How did you learn your second language/s?
What skills can you perform using your second
language/s?
What are your language strengths?
I learned primarily from my elders, my companions,
classmates, educators, books, and regular reading.
My family and relatives spoke a variety of
languages when I was younger, such as Tagalog,
Ilonggo, and Ilocano.
Simply watching Filipino networks has also
assisted me grasp the society and entertainment
industry.
Better lean thinking, meta cognition, multitasking,
active listening, and problem-solving are among
the talents I can execute, in addition to improving
physical connections and strengthening social
relationships.
Language's strength would be that it provides
people the sense; another strength is that this can
be combined and then used to express emotions;
understand a wide range of words. I can frequently
read in English. I enjoy listening to English radio,
What are your language weaknesses?
Which language is your favorite and why?
so I believe my listening capacity is enough.
Weaknesses are Its vocabulary is large because it
is continually assimilating new words, adopting
technical jargon that English speakers of certain
professions and fields are familiar with, and
constantly taking from other languages.
My first language since I am more fluent and
comfortable when I‟m using it.
2. After filling the table above, write a paragraph that tells your story of your
languages.
My Language Biography
I'm 19 years old, and I've heard and have seen many different languages spoken in my
existence. Ilocano is my first language. Elders instructed me on how to write, read, speak, and
interpret Ilocano. Tagalog is my second language, and I've been studying English for almost my
entire school career. I primarily learn English in school, and my teacher initially introduced it to
me as my second language while I was in kindergarten. I have a strong Ilocano ancestry from
my mother's side of the family, and I've grown up speaking the language. Every day, I see my
Ilocano family. Ilocano is really simple for me to understand and learn. I comprehend several
basic conversational words and can keep up with a discussion. I've spent my entire life
immersed in three languages: Ilocano, Tagalog, and English.
INTROSPECTING
In this lesson, I learned that as a human being, I should understand that language is
powerful; having it means you can communicate in a way which others can understand.
Language becomes more effective when it is understood by a larger community than
just those closest to you. When you can communicate with more individuals, your
strength expands.
LESSON 2
Communication and its Types
PRE-DISCUSSION
In a paragraph, describe the relationship between language and communication.
Language is a kind of communication that uses verbal or non - verbal clues to transmit
meaning. Communication is a method of exchanging messages and information among
two or more person while keeping the message in mind. Language is a communication
instrument. Communication is the process of sending and receiving information.
Language, in essence, is a tool that facilitates in the expression and transmission of two
people's thoughts and feelings. Feelings and thoughts can be communicated by noises,
symbols such as written or spoken words, posture, gesture, or signs, which the recipient
perceives to have a specific meaning.
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
To check your understanding of the lesson, answer the following questions:
1. How do you differentiate the types of communication in relation to communication mode?
Verbal communication is the use of words to convey a message. Speech (oral) and/or
written language are used to communicate the theme. Nonverbal communication is done
either knowingly or unknowingly through use of facial expression, posture, gestures,
physical touch, and eye contact, whereas visual communication uses a graphic or figure to
convey the message. Though it may express its own thoughts or emotions, visual
communication has a long-lasting effect on people.
2. How can visual communication enhance the message conveyed by a speaker? Cite a
situation when it is best to employ visual communication.
Visual aids cause repetition, so the more repetition in speech, the more likely the viewers
will grasp and recall properly. This can utilize the presenter's ideas and the viewer's
concentration will remain on track. Just for instance in a video conference in online class,
for me it is more interesting and effective if there is a presenters PowerPoint presentation
since we students can easily get what the teachers wants us to understand. Another is in
the meetings, seminars/training and sessions.
3. What are the types of communication in relation to context? How do they differ from one
another?
Talking to oneself, also known as self or inner speak, inner monologue, inner dialogue,
self-verbalization, or self-statement, is an example of intrapersonal communication. When a
person is hesitant to talk in front of an audience, he or she may talk to oneself because he
or she believes it is necessary to improve confidence.
Interpersonal communication is used to build or strengthen interpersonal relationships. At
the end of a relational conversation, the goal is to accomplish or settle things. This is also
known as group communication, and it can happen in dyadic relationships or small groups.
It might be as easy as exchanging greetings or getting to know the person.
Digital technology, such as telephone, radio, or phone conferencing, is used in extended
communication. Other people's thoughts, behavior, and attitudes may be changed via
extended communication, and you may be convinced to accept the viewpoints you hear.
Organizational communication is a type of communication that focuses on the role of
communication in a business setting. For each organization, graduates should have the
necessary oral and written communication abilities.
Intercultural communication, messages are communicated and interpreted differently by
people of various orientations. For example, speaking directly into someone's eyes while
speaking is considered impolite among Indians. Communication between people with
various language, religious, ethnic, societal, and social origins is affected by gender
differences as well. It is critical not to pass judgment or jump to conclusions.
4. How can you listen to speaker‟s opinions through electronic media without easily swayed
into accepting their opinions?
The goal of a speaker who creates a factor is to influence others. Being satisfied with
any other's argument or assertion, if fact-based, is up to your not uncommon experience
if you have sufficient vital questioning abilities.
5. Of the four approaches employed in formal organization structure, which do you think is
the best? Cite situations which will call for the use of each approach. Give one advantage of
each.
If I had to choose one approach to the various types of formal organizational structure, I
would go with downward communication. I chose this because I feel it will be the most
effective route for communication should flow from high to low, resulting in excellent
information distribution. For instance this approach are used by the organizations and
bigger institutions, as well as the government, before announcing the information to the
mass-public those information were already settled by higher officials.
6. Would you know any strategy or method by which you can reduce the complexity of
understanding another culture? Do you think it will work with your current set of foreign
friends?
Observe. Simply identify the types and constructs that are usually utilized in the
interactions. Observation is the most effective approach for understanding a foreign
environment. Because the ability to observe is innate all of us, our inner self is quite skilled
within that field. Don't be frightened by foreign culture because we perceive it to be
complicated. There is no culture so complicated that man cannot adapt to it. I believe ones
attitude is hindering our ability to learn about other cultures.
7. How do you differentiate formal communication from informal communication in relation
to purpose and style? Provide situations to illustrate the differences.
Formal communication involves use of formal language, which is given orally or in writing.
Formal settings and writings includes presentations, public talks/speeches, study and
research proposals, reports, and written communication. The primary goals of this sort of
communication are to inform, entertain, and persuade. On the other hand Informal
communication entails personal and everyday interactions with friends, family members,
and acquaintances about anything and everything. The method might be oral, as in
face-to-face, ordinary or everyday discussions and phone calls, or written, as in e-mail
messages, personal notes, letters, or text messages. The goal is simple to socialize and
build relationships. When there is a program in the organization, it is required to prepare
formal speeches to give to the body, and when the program is complete, informal
communication takes place where members have casual discussions.
CONCRETIZING
1. Using the alternatives available to you, look for the mission-vision statements and the
core values that characterize a company or an institution. Evaluate them using the table
below.
Mission Statement
Indicators
Strongly Agree
1. The mission statement
focuses on the present
2. The mission statement
is concise and direct.
3. The mission statement
states what the
organization does.
Somewhat
Agree



Disagree
Comments
It is necessary that
mission states what the
organization focused on.
Mission should be stated
concisely for the reason
that the readers will get
what were organization's
purpose and its overall
intention.
It is a must for an
organization to state or
emphasize what they do
so that the people will
have an idea.
4. The mission statement
states how the
organization operates.
Mission should encourage
employees to think about
how their actions will
impact future business
success and positive
company culture.
Mission
statement supports
the vision and serves to
communicate purpose and
direction to employees,
customers, vendors and
other stakeholders.

5. The mission
statement states for
which the organization
does things.

Vision Statement
Indicators
1. The vision statement
focuses on the future.
Strongly agree
Somewhat
agree
Disagree
A company's or
organization's vision
statement focuses on the
potential inherent in the
company's future; it is about
what they intend to be.

2. The vision statement
shows an aspiration

3. The vision statement
is clear and concise

Comments
A statement of vision is a
wide assertion of overall
intent to eventually attain
a widely recognized state
of existence, a future
aspiration.
A vision statement clear
and concise expresses
an organization's ultimate
motives.
Core Values
Indicators
1. The core values can
be easily remembered.
Strongly Agree

Somewhat
Agree
Disagree
Comments
Core values should be no
more than one or two
words lengthy in order to
be easily recalled. You can
add a line or two after
them to elaborate, but
each basic value should
stand on its own without
needing to be explained.
2. The core values are
not too many.

When you have too many
values, it becomes difficult
to employ them to their full
potential.

If a company's values
match with its people'
natural
desires
and
actions, the values will
encourage action.
.
3. The core values can
be translated into action.
4. The core values are
unique
to
the
organization.
5. The core values are
connected
to
the
organization‟s missionvision statements.


Core
values
are
behavioural concepts or
norms that represent an
organization's
top
priorities,
firmly
held
beliefs,
and
essential
driving forces.
The core values should
support the company's
vision
and
mission
statements. They, too, can
assist in decision making
and serve as a point of
reference for numerous
questions or scenarios that
may arise.
CHAPTER 2
UNDERSTANDING 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATION
PRE-DISCUSSION
1. Why do people communicate?
Communication is essential in human life and society. We communicate to share
information, to comment, to ask questions, to express our wants and needs, to create social
relationships, to practice social etiquette, and so on. Communication entails far more than
just wants and needs.
2. What might happen to the world if communication does not exist?
People will be unable to convey their points of view unless they communicate. Everything is
meaningless without communication, society becomes lifeless, and it is impossible to
conceive a world without sharing and caring. Communication is required for people to
interact with one another.
3. Why do miscommunication and misunderstanding happen?
Miscommunication is frequently caused by a discrepancy of explicit and implicit meaning
between the sender and recipient. When you transmit a message, it travels through a
number of processes, and its original meaning is lost. Then there's the decoding, which is
when someone interprets what you wrote and distorts the original meaning even more.
Clearly phrasing your messages helps to avoid miscommunication.
ASSESSMENT/ENRICHMENT
1. Illustrate the communication process through diagram.
FEEDBACK
SENDER
MESSAGE
ENCODING
DECODING
G
RECEIVER
CHANNEL
NOISE
2. Identify possible communication blocks in the following situations:
a. a written letter of complaint
A misunderstanding happens when the recipient of a message misinterprets the writer's
intentions. Words have varied meanings for different people in different situations. Errors in
writing occur, like the use of words that are not appropriate for the sentence and the most
common error is the grammar.
b. interaction between a nurse and a patient
When nurses and patients work together, they may encounter several
communication barriers. Competing demands, a lack of privacy, and background noise can
all be impediments to successful communication between nurses and patients. The ability of
patients to speak effectively may also be influenced by their condition, medicine, discomfort,
and/or worry.
c. songs with figurative language
The perspective barrier is a frequent halting problem in songs using figurative
language. People view things so differently, particularly with regard to interpreting language
techniques. The song's concept may be misunderstood by the authors‟ listener.
CONCRETIZING
1. List various channels through which personnel of your university connect with you. Which
channel(s) do you find most effective? Why?



Video conferencing
Email
Social media platform
These three channels of communication seem to be the most essential to me during
current outbreak because colleges are required to follow certain laws and
regulations, so it is the best medium of communication that can be used to interact
with faculty of education people. Except for virtual meetings when the internet
access is weak, issues in dealing with these types of communication tools are
expected since unstable connections are predicted, instead, we must collaborate so
that we may interact efficiently.
2. Through a slogan, state how the knowledge of the communication process aids people in
communicating effectively.
INTROSPECTING
In this lesson, I learned that to be an effective and ethical communicator can aid in the
cohesiveness and productivity of relationships with other people. You will most likely be
a valuable member of the team if we intend to make own points clear and comprehend
the views of others. I learnt that in needed to be an effective and ethical speaker, I must
also be a good communicator, because communicating is two-way and comprehending
is an important component of it. It is just as crucial to express a concept as it is to
assimilate an idea.
LESSON 2
Communication and Globalization
PRE-DISCUSSION
1. What is the saying about the world today?
It implies that most of our behaviours have always had an influence as to what is occurring
to our world. As a consequence, the future of the nation is in our control. Globalization is
transforming the way the globe does global business. It is the beginning of a new era of
business opportunity. Going global is a question of existence for several multinational
corporations, and it necessitates fundamentally altering their business practices.
2. What do you think has contributed to the easy access and exchange of information these
days? Why?
The internet, it is a living and functioning illustration of never-ending creativity and
innovation. This enable everyone to communicate regardless of the location whether the
person you are contacting are hundred miles away from you. As well as when it comes to
businesses and career, it has no boundaries and provides enormous economic
opportunities for people in every country. People can use the internet to enhance the quality
of life. It gives the people access to information that was previously unavailable; it is rapidly
now one of the most powerful communication platforms.
3. In transacting or communicating in a global setting, what vital preparations must be
done? Why?
Effective communication is essential in today's globalized environment. Communication is
essential in a worldwide context. The initial stage in promoting innovative connections is to
know your target audience and the subjects that they are passionate in so that you can
easily attract their attention.
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Activity 1
1. Kindly watch the video “Wiring a Web for Global Good” by TED Global (see reference for
the link), then, study the speech. In a form of a reaction paper, answer the following
questions:
a. What global issues have emerged because of miscommunication?
Communication is a very important aspect of our daily existence. It's the consistent theme
that binds us all together. This actuality could result in extreme tensions if this piece is
omitted. Miscommunication might have led to the rise of global challenges such as war,
corruption, discrimination, slavery, racism, and poverty. These global issues have one thing
in common: they're all dangers to global stability. It is now our mission to build a clearly
global society devoid of any paperwork inequities. We must use our offering intelligent to
communicate and prepare along with the challenges and issues that we face and are ready
to overcome in order to accomplish all these. Notwithstanding of our ways of life, there must
be visible bonds that bind and unite us as a network in order to oppose several types of
inequalities. Consider, for illustration, the risk factors to global security and human rights
issues that the Country cannot resolve on its own. We won't be able to fix those issues
unless we paint together. We must establish strong connections and partnerships between
the world's wealthiest and poorest nations, ensuring that any sustained growth is shared
and founded on the supposition that the world is interconnected.
b. How can effective communication and language use contribute to the creation of a truly
global society?
Warfare, terrorism, corruption, discrimination, and other types of injustice that violate human
rights are rare in a proper global society. We may achieve this most effectively if we
correctly use communication as a tool for change. Communication sets the stage of society
because all types of social relationships rely on it. This even serves an important role in
bringing people from the southern and northern hemispheres closer. Humans in advanced
and developing countries were able to engage more easily due to communication. The
distance between the two has diminished. They can now concentrate on resolving specific
issues by drawing attention to global security. Humans can now engage with the distinctive
issues and persuade the entire world to come together and work together to create a real
global society.
LESSON3
Local and Global Communication
In Multicultural Settings
PRE-DISCUSSION
How do you get to communicate effectively across cultures? Indicate whether you agree or
disagree with each of the following statements:
Questions
1. I am interested in interacting with people who
are both like me and different from me.
Agree
2. I am sensitive to the concerns of all minority
and majority groups in our multicultural country.
Agree
3. I can sense when persons from other cultures
seem not to understand me or get confused by
my actions.
Agree
4. I have no fear communicating with persons
from both minor and major cultural groups.
Agree
5. People from other cultures may get angry
with my cultural affiliates.
Disagree
6. I deal with conflicts with people from other
cultures depending on the situation and their
cultural background.
Agree
.
Disagree
7. My culture is inferior to other cultures.
8. I can manage my behavior when dealing with
people of different culture
Agree
9. I show respect to the diverse communication
practices of other people.
Agree
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Answer the following questions:
1. “Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and
customs keep them apart.” (Confucius)Do you agree or disagree? Give concrete
situations to support your stand.
I agree that humans are drawn together by their shared and unique characteristics. I
also don't believe that their behavior and practices separate them as much as their inner
views and attitudes do. I enjoy immersing myself in different cultures and learning about
their histories, as well as being a part of them, when and if I have the opportunity. I'm
sure a lot of other people feel the same way. We are all one, in my view. We are similar
to one another. We all go through and think about things in the same way. Individual
anxieties and negative ideas about ourselves and the world ingrained in childhood are
the only things that separate us. They create inflexible rules that prevent us from living
an open, accessible, and unrestricted existence for decades.
INTROSPECTING
This lesson on local and global communication in multicultural settings helped me realize that
when you open up yourself with others you ought to recognize your individual similarities and
differences, push aside your personal biases, and constantly be prepared for any open
communications that allows you to cope up and apprehend every others‟ facet.
LESSON 4
Varieties and Register of Spoken
and Written Language
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Activity 1. Answer the following questions:
1. In what situations are the local and global varieties of spoken language used?
Many of the most commonly spoken have many words in common with other languages, or
have minor changes on these words. People's linguistic variations, or lectures, are
frequently used to define them, and in some cases, to exclude them from specific social
groups, professions, and corporate organizations. In terms of global varieties of spoken
language, English is the most widely-spoken global language. Global varieties of spoken
language will apply if there are people who are in which each of you used the English
language. While in the local language, we most likely used the nationwide Language,
particularly when issuing a statement to an honorable individual, any transaction, and
everything from an expository text for a specific event or celebration. As a result, dialect
language is also taken into consideration a local dialect and is commonly used by social
interaction, knowing each other, and making friends within the same area.
2. What registers are appropriate to such situations?
There are five language registers or styles. Each level has an appropriate application that is
established by distinct scenarios. When speaking in the classroom, it would be completely
unacceptable to utilize terminology and vocabulary reserved for a friend or family member.
As a result, the proper language register is determined by the audience “who”, the topic
“what”, the goal „why”, and the location “where”. Static Register, Formal Register,
Consultative Register, Casual Register, and Intimate Register are all types of registers.
Individuals must be able to control their use of language registers in order to succeed in
every aspect and situation they face.
LESSON 5
Evaluating Messages and/or Images of Different Types
of Texts Reflecting Different Cultures
PRE - DISCUSSION
1. Analyze the advertisement below
The transitions from light to dark in each the gradient of the ground and the pores and skin
tones of the women wearing only white towels are a few of the innovative strategies used in
the advert, highlighting the differences in their color. It extensively utilized the contrasts
method, with clean or rough textures within the "before" and "after" photographs. These
could be Dove's manner of fostering a perceived quality that only smooth and moisturized
skin can be regarded "authentic glamour," and that it can be quickly achieved by bathing
with Dove Visible on a regular schedule. Dove has spent years convincing women that they
are a brand that upholds true beauty. Besides that, this advertisement plays on women's
skin tone and size, self-esteem issues and potentials them to see Dove as a brand that will
alleviate those insecurities.
2. Class brainstorming. Generate questions and ideas about the message conveyed by the
advertisement.
The advertisement is racist? The commercial depicts a 'before' and 'after' pores and skin
chart in the back of a black female, a likely Latina, and a blonde, all of whom are wrapped in
towels and standing next to each other
In the context of physical appearance, social influence theory holds that individuals would
then start making autonomous comparability to persons and images that they perceive to
represent realistic goals to achieve and will be motivated to achieve these goals.
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Activity1. Answer the following questions:
1. Analyze the same advertisement presented earlier using the Key Concept Questions as a
guide.
1. All media messages are “constructed”
✓ What is the message of the text?
The message of the advertisement earlier wants to give emphasize how the products work
by an image which utilized women with different skin tones and to serve as the reference
by contrasting so that they can convey the intended message to the audience
✓ How effectively does it represent reality?
People have different perceptions and some might get what the dove company wants us to
understand and some also get it differently, the media message represents reality through
showing how it works , by the constant use of the product they will become as the “after” in
the advertisement .
✓ How is the message constructed?
Media messages are written in a creative language with its own set of rules. Each method
of communication will have its own creative speech, camera close-ups convey intimacy, and
large headlines indicate importance.
2. Media have embedded values and points of view.
✓ What lifestyles, values and points of view are represented in the text?
Because they are constructed, media messages carry a subtext of who and what is
important at least to the person or people creating the message. The choice of a character‟s
age, gender or race, the selection of a setting, and the actions within the plot are just some
of the ways that values become “embedded” in a television show, a movie or an
advertisement.
✓ Who or what is missing?
Just to see the "oneself" in the advertisements has an effect on the self and personality. If
they don't see themselves reflected in their media, it may send out a message that they
really are completely irrelevant.
3. Each person interprets messages differently.
✓ What message do you perceive from the text?
Audiences play a role in interpreting media messages because each audience member
brings to the message a unique set of life experiences. Differences in age, gender,
education and cultural upbringing will generate unique interpretations
✓ How might others understand it differently?
Individuals may see relatively similar thing, and they will also interpret it in a different
manner. None of us have the same viewpoint when viewing or examining things because
people's expectations are influenced by their lived experience.
✓ Why?
Since people take various perceptions, thought processes, or viewpoints on things our
interpretation
4. Media have commercial, ideological or political interests.
✓ What is the purpose of the text?
Commercials are part and parcel of most television watching. Now, the Internet has become
an international platform through which groups or individuals can attempt to persuade and
that is the purpose.
✓ Who is the target audience of the text?
Dove's intended audience consisted of engaged women who've been active on digital
platforms. The product accommodated to women between the ages of 18 and 35 who
appreciated organic, healthy cosmetics.
✓ Who might be disadvantaged?
The disadvantage will be the individuals who are not actively engage in social media
platforms.
✓ Who created the text and why?
The advertisement was created by dove company, they created to persuade people and to
promote their product with a creative commercial which can effectively make a mark to
audience mind.
5. Media messages are constructed using a creative language having its own rules.
✓ What techniques are used and why?
Each form of communication has its own creative language, scary music heightens fear,
camera close-ups convey intimacy, big headlines signal significance. Understanding the
grammar, syntax and metaphor of media language helps us to be less susceptible to
manipulation.
✓ How effective are the techniques in supporting the messages or themes of the text?
The techniques or strategies that have been used in the advertisement will make it more
creative and this will be possible to persuade a large number of people to acquire.
✓ What are other ways of presenting the message?
There are other ways in presenting a message derived through a variety of communication
just like TV commercials, magazine spreads, talk shows, and a worldwide conversation via
social media.
CHAPTER
3
Communication Aids and Strategies
Using Tools of Technology
LESSON 1
Preparing Multimedia Presentation
PRE – DISCUSSION
1. Watch the video “The worst presentation ever” by Ethan Rotman (See reference for
the link). What are your impressions about the presentation?
The video depicts a scene from a presentation. The video, in particular, represents events
that could occur if we were not adequately prepared for our presentation. When we are
asked to present, we must make certain that we are well prepared. The video illustrated an
incident that occurred in real life, and we, as students, must learn from that as well. We
must keep in mind how to use it and etiquette of giving a presentation. As a presenter, we
should planned ahead, have the setting right, obviously understand our intended audience,
modify relevant content, carry on a conversation with our audience, be kind to those who
consider giving or pose questions, and be able to pay attention.
2. Analysis
Guide Questions:
a. What makes the presentation the work?
Presenters must rethink their approach to presentations. Presenters should engage in a
conversation with the audience that also involves asking questions, paying attention, and
interacting. The sales presenter should appear if the presenter desires to connect with the
audience, understand regarding their demands, and attempt to establish a relationship.
b. In what ways can the presentation be improved?
A presentation is a two-way flow of information in which the speaker attempts to assist the
audience in achieving a specific goal. If the audience's interests align with what the speaker
offers, this will be successful. Whether or not both the speaker and the audience have a
discussion and leave with a better understanding of other individual and their context.
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Activity 1
In what ways can the different forms of communication (intrapersonal, interpersonal, small
group, public and mass) be enhanced with the aid of technology?
A communication method involves sending messages from one person to another through
any medium. Conversation is divided into several levels, including intrapersonal
communication, interpersonal communication, group communication, and mass
communication. Mass communication is critical because it attains a large number of
potential audiences. Yet another type of bureaucratic system that exists in mass verbal
exchange is interpersonal communication.
INTROSPECTING
From this lesson, I realized that enhance and supplement presentation factors while
making ready a multimedia presentation, it's far important that you pick out a spread of
media as a way to beautify your presentation. It isn't so much approximately the quantity
of media you use as it's far about how those media better your presentation
LESSON 2
Preparing Pecha Kucha Presentation
PRE-DISCUSSION
Students will watch a video presentation titled “Travel the world – Pecha Kucha
Presentation” by Tom Stagtetter (See references for the link); then, answer the following
questions:
1. How many minutes did the presentation last?
The presentation lasts six minutes and forty-two seconds.
2. With the number of minutes, was the presenter able to show comprehensively his
trip?
Yes. With the six minutes and forty-two seconds time consumed, the presenter was able to
show his trip comprehensively. It turned into informative and detailed presentation that
others can without difficulty recognize it. The presentation did not appear to be boring, at
least to me and, I presume, to the majority of the audience. I try to integrate a time limit into
a presentation can be highly beneficial in letting the presenter to focus entirely on the main
point.
3. How was the trip presented?
The Pecha Kutcha presentation, "travel the world," was precise, creative, adventurous, and
understandable. The narrator become able to appropriately narrate the ride with the aid of
the use of good enough photographs from the story he's narrating. It was unique and did
not take long. The presenter defined the objects related to the image he displayed inside
the presentation.
INTROSPECTING
With the lesson Pecha kucha I realized that the Pecha Kucha format ensures that the presenter is
clear and precise, retains the demonstration working, and covers the whole of with their content.
This type of presentation is very efficient even though it is short but will be recognized by the
viewers since it was not monotonous yet was informative, that I can say any of us can understand
easily.
LESSON 3
Blogging
PRE – DISCUSSION
1. Have you ever written a blog? What was the subject of your blog?
Yes, the subject of my blog is about self-improvement.
2. Is blogging the same with essay writing?
The difference between a blog and an essay is in the intent they serve. An essay is more
concerned with imparting facts or ideas to the reader, whereas a blog is extra centered on
the blogger's viewpoints and personal anecdotes. While bloggers write in their field of
expertise, blogging are more in-depth in their research.
3. How should you make your blog interesting to readers?
You will lose readers if your blog is not focused. A blog on a specific topic will appeal to
the greatest number of readers while offending the fewest. Headers can be an excellent
way to break up lengthy blogs so that any reader knows where to look for the
information they require. When there are a lot of words on your blog, it is easy for
readers to be become exhausted and give up. If your information flow is a problem,
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
1. If you are going to introduce yourself through a blog, how will you make the beginning
appealing to your readers? Write your own examples (at least two) of an interesting
introduction to your blog.
To begin the blog, I must first tell my readers who I am, and this will be preceded by
identifying or displaying the concept of my blog, what it's really all about, or why I blog it.
Just a relatively short introductory paragraph could provide my readers with a concept about
what to foresee.
Example: Mystery Blog
“After calling her roommate, Calista asks Astrid, "Why did you ask to tell the
police about everything?"
“Agape had told me that she had found some evidence of his father's death, but
the police would not help him, and Mou was kidnapped,” Astrid says. Do one
thing, look through this diary to see if you can find any proof.
Calista is still puzzled, so she begins to examine the diary with a magnifying
glass.
HELP! I’m near to death – last page of the diary”
INTROSPECTING
Short Reflection: Journal writing through a short blog.
What exactly is blogging, and how does it function? A blog (a shortened version of
"weblog") is an online journal or informational website that displays information in
reverse chronological order, with the most recent posts at the top. It is a platform
where a writer or a group of writers can express their thoughts on a specific topic. It
is a form of self-expression.
Guide Question: How can you use blogging to promote harmonious interpersonal
relationship with people in your own circles (friends, family, church, etc.)?
Even if they are not with you, your friends, family, and others may be aware of it. You can also
share your experiences in life which have taught you a lesson. Your readers may also be aware
of the solutions you devised. You can keep them up to date on what's going on in your life if
you've a website. To prevent any disagreements from the readers, there should be no offensive
insults. Blogging is about much more than oneself; but rather about having to interact with your
household, friends, as well as church mates. To avoid problems, providing feedback
necessitates thorough analysis before posting it.
CHAPTER 4
Communication for Various
Purposes
PRE – DISCUSSION
“The improvement of understanding is for two ends: first our own increase of knowledge;
secondly, to enable us to deliver that knowledge to others.”
1. What do you think does John Locke mean?
Reading is done to improve one's knowledge. A way of implementing comprehension
seems to be two - fold: initially, to raise our own understanding, and second, to empower us
to deliver and make that information accessible to anyone else.
According to Locke, reading is indeed the way to improve our abilities, wisdom, and
strength; by enhancing our own understanding, we can benefit from that too, and thus never
oneself, but others would benefit from it as well.
2. In which aspect of your field do you find Locke‟s idea most relevant? Explain.
Regarding ones intellectual pursuit, Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding,
specifically his explication on senses and conceptions, is most essential. The Essay of
John Locke is a thorough, systematic philosophy of mind to think. The Essay addresses
fundamental concerns about just how we conceive and understand, as well as how we
show ourselves through communication, logical, and cultural faiths.
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
1. What is the difference between an informative communication and a persuasive
communication? Which do you think is more challenging in terms of preparation and
delivery?
Greater sharing than inquiry is entailed in informative communication. You want the viewers
to actually listen and absorb, but not to adjust their ways, as an intelligent communicator.
The freshness and quality of the data, as well as the sort of information it serves the
audience, influence the informational content of a message. While on the other hand
Persuasive Communication is the skill of persuading others to accept our standpoint. It
offers the person an array of options. Through the use of a speech, somebody can
advocate towards something. It elevates the audience into decision makers. For me
persuasive communication is more challenging since you need to get the audience attention
and to make them believe in what you are discussing, since informative communication is
just delivering informative and there is no demand for convincing so for me it is easier to
perform.
2. In a table, list essential preparations when communicating to inform, to persuade, and to
argue.
To inform

Know Your
Audience
Persuasive
communication that
really is effectively
meets the audience's
needs, beliefs, and
aspirations. Audiences
respond more positively
to persuasive
communication when
they believe the
speaker is similar to
them in some manner,
whether in experience,
job, or ethnic level. If
you address the issues
that are essential to
your audience, they will
regard you as someone
who is similar to them.

Modify the
Message for the
Communication
channel
What persuades in
paper may not convince
when conveyed
verbally. Face-to-face
conversation is
frequently more
effective at persuading
To persuade

To argue

Convey Advantages
It is much easier to attract an
audience when you can
demonstrate how your plan will
profit them. If you're attempting to
persuade the job to let them work
from home part-time, bring up
studies that show employees who
are allowed to teleconference
seem to be more efficient.
Make Use of Body
Language
In terms of spoken
communication, Maintain eye
contact with the audience to
convey your message to
people. Standing tall conveys
authority and confidence.
Instead of crossing your
arms behind or in front of
you, show your genuineness
and openness by relaxing
your arms and keeping them
at your sides - unless you're
making a motion.

Create Credibility
You must establish your
credibility and
trustworthiness. People will
react to someone they
consider being an
authoritative figure. One
should attempt to persuade
others of anything you can
verify or have first-hand
experience or knowledge in.
Facts or cases should be
used to support up your
argument.
3. What ethical considerations must one bear in mind when informing, persuading or
arguing?
The first is accuracy. Whatever you plan to say, you must keep to the points that best
characterize or support what you discuss.
Speakers who are ethical do not deceive their audience.






Ethical considerations
Consent after being fully informed.
Participation is entirely voluntary.
Do not cause any harm.
Privacy.
Censorship.
Only relevant components must be assessed.
LESSON 2
Public Speaking
PRE-DISCUSSION
Do these statements apply to you? Answer Yes or No only.
1. I am excited at the thought of speaking in public.
NO
2. I see myself speaking in public often in the future.
YES
3. I think I can be a very good speaker.
YES
4. The thought of public speaking terrifies me.
YES
5. I would avoid speaking in public as much as I can.
YES
6. No amount of practice can make me a better speaker.
NO
Do you agree or disagree?
1. “Your ability to communicate with others will account for fully 85% of your success in your
business and in your life.” – Brian Tracy
AGREE
2. “Ninety percent of how well the talk will go is determined before the speaker steps on the
platform.” – Somers White
AGREE
3. “Only the prepared speaker deserves to be confident.” – Dale Carnegie
DISAGREE
4. “Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear – not absence of fear.” – Mark Twain
AGREE
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
I. A. Using the table below, compare and contrast extemporaneous speaking
to/from impromptu speaking by writing their differences in their respective their
similarities in the middle column.
Impromptu
"On the moment" is what
impromptu indicates. When
presenting impromptu,
there is often almost no
time to get ready, therefore
the content and structure
may fail. Impromptu
communication may not
express the best concept in
the most effective way, but
does reflect the most
rational thing to say at the
time.
Similarities
Both impromptu and
extemporaneous speeches
lack a prepared script. The
main difference, as far as I
could even say, is that an
impromptu speech is given
on the spur of the moment
with no preparation time,
whereas an
extemporaneous speech is
given with advance notice
but very little time to do
more than jotting a quick
outline or rely on
information you already
know and can recall.
Extemporaneous
You can prepare for
extemporaneous speaking
in a short or long period of
time. An outline may be
used by the speaker to help
him organize his speech
and prevent forgetting
essential details.
Extemporaneous speaking,
on the other hand,
necessitates the speaker to
construct his phrases as he
speaks, as opposed to
reading. Critical thinking is
required of a successful
extemporaneous speaker.
Do the same for read and memorized Speech.
Reading
When the speech is long
and the details are intricate
and crucial, reading from a
manuscript is a good
option. Although reading
presents the least level of
difficulties in public
speaking, the speaker may
be inclined to suggest that
no preparation is needed.
When a message is read
aloud, it loses its impact,
naturalness, and eye
contact.
Similarities
The only similarity between
a reading a manuscript
speech and a memorized
speech is that both are
types of speeches.
You must be well prepared
before giving these types of
speech.
Memorized
A memorized speech
necessitates that the
speaker commit everything
to memory. This style is
ideal for brief messages,
but it is also utilized for
longer compositions in
speechmaking,
declamation, and other
literary competitions. A
memorized speech, like a
read speech, provides a
challenge in terms of
playfulness.
B. Which mode of speech delivery has the least application? Why do you say so?
Because most events, such as festivals and programs, have speeches arranged
in advance, impromptu speaking is rarely implied. Impromptu speeches are popular
when someone is asked to "say a few words" or make a toast on a special occasion,
C. Which mode of speech delivery has the most application? Why do you say
so?
Extemporaneous speeches are typically performed in an informative and
convincing manner, as they are frequently used to convey information in a short period
of time.
LESSON 3
Making Inquiries
PRE-DISCUSSION
Do these statements apply to you?
1. I have effective techniques in seeking for information online.
YES
2. I can easily ask for information from anyone.
YES
3. I can easily start a conversation with other people.
YES
4. I feel that people easily comprehend what I say.
YES
5. I am confident I can write a formal inquiry letter.
NO
6. I avoid writing letters as much as I can.
NO
7. I would rather call people than write them.
YES
Do you agree or disagree?
1. You need not observe the writing conventions in writing e-mails.
AGREE
2. English is the best language for interviews.
AGREE
3. Emails are informal.
DISAGREE
4. Abbreviations are encouraged in emails.
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
A.
1. When is writing a letter of inquiry more advantageous than conducting an
interview?
A letter of inquiry can offer you with information that isn't available in the interview. It
will also confirm employment verification, job descriptions held, and the numbers of
individuals managed, as well as provide supplementary evidence.
2. What can't a letter of inquiry achieve that the interview can?
Nothing will ever be able to replace human-to-human interaction because a letter is a onesided communication, whereas an interview allows for a far more two-way conversation.
Facial reading, smile viewing, body posture reading, talk, and gesture recognition reading
all disclose information about who you are. The most appealing aspect is the response to
various inquiries or actions.
3. What determines the appropriateness of attire in interviews?
Wear what you have that is nice, clean, and well-fitting. That also applies to your
shoes. Even if all you have to wear is just something totally worn, try its best to clean it up
and make it look more presentable and formal, which means you should avoid wearing
revealing outfits and instead opt for long sleeves and a pencil cardigan or trouser.
4. What are the factors that determine the formality level of tone in emails,
letters, and interview?
The goal of the letter, their relationship with the receiver, and the culture and norms
relevant to your very own the recipient's location. All grammatical rules are followed. The
email's tone is particularly essential. People would like to make a good impression with this
email since it will be their way of making a first impression.
5. Do the principles of seeking information apply to giving information? Why?
Information, as an integral part of the decision-making process, may play a critical
role in making decisions in everyday life. When it comes to making decisions, the process of
collecting information that adolescents engage in can have a big effect on the outcome.
WHY? It is expected that the information exists in the source and can be retrieved using a
well-formed inquiry. When one does not know whether an answer to one's question
available when seeking information, the process of searching may give the learning
required meeting one's information demand.
6. When an interviewer shifts his tone from very formal to informal or from
English to Filipino, should the interviewee shift also?
If the interviewer behaves in this manner, it could indicate that he or she is satisfied
with you rather than that he is not interested in continuing the conversation. However, if the
interviewee tested proficiency in a different manner, you should listen to her/his tone. Keep
a formal level of communication while matching his language.
7. Regardless of formality level and medium, how should one communicate
messages to the target individuals?
The formality will be determined by the intended audience; it is not a formal
discussion with an authority position. It all relies on how well you know the person to whom
you're delivering the message.
8. Illustrate the modified block and semi-block format of letters.
All elements of the letter are aligned to the left margin of the page in block format. It has a
clean and plain appearance. The double line gap separates paragraphs.
Modified block differs from block style in that the date, sign off, and signature lines begin at
the center of the page line. The first five spaces of each paragraph are indented, and so is
the subject line, is used. Depending on the length of the letter, paragraphs may be divided
by single or double line spacing.
9. What are the optional parts of business letters? What is the content of each?

THE ATTENTION LINE.
If you're writing to a corporation, use an attention line to indicate who the letter is
directed, just for instance CEO, chief financial officer, or marketing director. Two
lines below the recipient's address is the attention line:
Attention: Director of Customer Service

REFERENCE LINE
A subject or reference line might help the receiver understand the aim of
your communication. Include it two lines below the attention line or the address
of the recipient. Begin with Subject: or Re:, or write the subject in capital letters:
Regarding Policy AM4758Z6
COMPANY PROMOTIONS ANNOUNCEMENT

TYPIST'S INITIALS
If you've the letter typed, include your initials in capital letters and the typist's
initials in lowercase letters three lines below your signature. Separate the initial
sets using a colon (:) or a slash (/):
JD/anj
ENCLOSURES
If you've included any supplementary papers with your message, type Enclosure
or Enclosures three lines below your signature or one line below the typist's
initials. Whether you have enclosed several papers, you may also specify which
ones are contained; if so, use the abbreviation Encl. If there are many enclosures,
specify how many in parentheses ():
Enclosures (3)
Encl: photos (2) of damage to car, repair estimates (3)
COURTESY COPIES
Use this line if you are sending copies of the letter to anyone other than the
addressee. Include it three lines below the letter's final part. Each person's name
should be written on a separate line, and they should be listed alphabetically:
cc: Jane Doe
John Smith.
5
CHAPTER
Communication for Work
Purposes
PRE-DISCUSSION
A. There are times when you are presented with a plethora of information and you
find yourself having difficulty recalling them all. What strategies will you do to be
able to systematically store and recall this information?
In my situation, I keep forgetting lessons and have a tough time recalling them, so some
strategies for me to remember those again are writing notes, highlighting and jotting key
words, and usually bringing my phone with me and taking pictures of an instructor's
demonstration so that I can scan it too when I needed to understand.
B.
1. As a nurse, what is the information that you need to write?
Writing in patients' notes is one of the most important tasks a nurse performs.
This is essential for providing compassion, patient safety because it informs how the
patient has throughout the day, what treatment they have had, and any changes that
happen to their treatment plan. As a result, these notes are classified as preliminary
notes, interim or progress notes, and release notes.
2. How should you organize your idea?
One method for arranging patient notes is the SOAP format.
Individualistic (assessment given by the family member or patient himself) The
goal (assessment seen by you or reflected in laboratory or other medical reports)
Evaluation (diagnosis)
Make a plan (procedures to be done to address the diagnosis)
2. Complete the statement below.
I realized that patient notes are important for patients' continuity of care. Proper
medical records are essential for health practitioners when defending a complaint or clinical
negligence action, they provide a glimpse into the professional reasoning being used at the
time.
LESSON 2
Communication for Journalists:
Writing a Lead
PRE-DISCUSSION
1. Write an opening paragraph for the most interesting news that you have recently
read or watched.
On Sunday, a Philippine Air Force plane crashed in the southern Philippines killed fifty
individuals there in country's biggest military air accident in decades.
According to Associated press CNN Philippines; the C-130 military plane was carrying
servicemen from Cagayan de Oro, Mindanao, to Sulu province when it missed the airstrip
on the archipelago of Jolo, according Armed Forces Chief Cirilito Sobejana.
2. As a budding journalist, how should you write the opening paragraph of your
article?
You must ensure that it will attract the attention of the reader upon first glimpse. Viewers will
most likely ignore the article if the choice of words or subject is uninteresting. You can either
begin with a quotation from a celebrity or ask a question that will spark your readers'
curiosity and interest. Another one truth: come up with new ideas, but don't go much further.
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
1. Write an acronym poem about what a budding journalist should remember in
writing a lead.
L- ife is frequently much more joyful and guilt-free when we are honest with others
and even ourselves
E-nabling truthfulness, testify for itself
A-uthors discover "lead" may throw you the shoe!
D-iction and vocabulary, seems a key to go through.
LESSON 3
Communication for Teachers: Storytelling
PRE-DISCUSSION
What makes the students enjoy the class? What do the teachers exhibit in
conducting their lesson?
Children are fascinated by how the teacher tells them a story, this is one of way of
communicating and conveying emotion via improvisation or embellishment. It is the art
of employing language, voice, actions, and gestures in order to convey images and
parts of the story to the students.
LESSON 4
Communication for Business and Trade
PRE-DISCUSSION
What images can you see from the two photos? What do the photos tell you about
your future major responsibilities?
In my interpretation, the two figures as shown depict actuality in an internal organization, and I
presume they are intended to deliver the idea that future me will bear the same responsibilities
as portrayed in the image, including such planning and coordinating a firm. As university
students, I must learn well how promote an idea in a product demonstration, a work plan, and
other marketing chances. I will become more productive in upcoming jobs and profession if I
enhance presentation skills.
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
1. Create a personal SWOT analysis.
Given the situation, plot the applicant's SWOT in a matrix. You can make any organizer
showing the relationship of the four elements.
Situation: Imagine someone called Tony wan status. Based to the information given,
construct a SWOT analysis by providing information for each characteristic.

Strength: Tony attended post graduate.
Weakness: He has no work experience.
Opportunity: He can be relocated to other places.
Threat: In his city, there are less job opportunities related to his field.
WEAKNESS
STRENGTH
>Minimal expertise,
>Comprehension skills and
professional knowledge.
>Chances of becoming recruited
seem low.
>Abilities in critical thinking,
>Not acquainted enough with
what he might obtain as a job
position,
leadership, and time
management
>Proficient and adaptable in
> Difficulty reaching the suitable
company to impress.
dealing with a variety of
scenarios.
SWOT
OPPORTUNITY
THREAT
>Employment offers
>For the position, there is
competition from other personal
applicants in the area.
>Variety Job opportunities
>Others may be more selfassured to be in position.
2. Create your Personal SWOT Analysis
Directions: Imagine you are going to apply as a marketing director, accountant
general manager, financial analyst, or any position you wish in a corporate world.
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
>BACHELORS DEGREE IN
>PROCRASTINATION
BUSINESS SCHOOL
>BALANCING TIME
>ANALYTICAL SKILLS,
>PERFECTIONIST
CUSTOMER SERVICE SKILLS
>UNORGANIZED
>COMMUNICATION AND
COMPREHENSION SKILLS
SWOT
OPPORTUNITIES
THREAT
>ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY
CAN CREATE EFFICIENCY
>SELF-REVIEW
>INTIMIDATION.
>IMPROVED AND DEVELOPED
SKILLS
LESSON 5
Writing Business and Technical Report
ASSESSMENT/ENRICHMENT
1. What are the two main categories of reports? Explain the difference.
THERE ARE 2 Types OF REPORTS: INFORMAL REPORTS AND FORMAL REPORTS.
Informal reports are typically one to three pages in length, with little requirement for
prefatory sections, almost no study, and a direct approach and sense of style. Formal
reports, on the other hand, are typically longer, contain a variety of extra components,
necessitate study and analysis, and are organized in an indirect way.
LESSON 6
Communication for Employment:
The Resume
PRE-DISCUSSION
Complete the table below, Give two or three details as well as a general statement.
Describe a time when
you...
1 .used facts or figures
to gain agreement on an
important point.
Details
Recitation, presentation of
activities or requirements.
General Statement
Facts are essential when we
are having a statement that
we need to our target
audience to agree with our
thought.
2. identified a problem faced Doing Research study,
by
the
group
or project proposal, case
organization and developed study
a plan for solving the
problem,
Planning and problem
solving is necessary when
performing a requirements
that suggest solutions like a
study.
3.made a presentation
.PowerPoint presentation in
class, formal presentation,
role play.
Presentations is a way of a
student to communicate to
the listeners or viewers to
convey a statement.
4.responded to criticism
Gratitude, Happiness.
Criticisms
are
just
a
perceptions of others to us
so learn to accept them
wholeheartedly even it hurts
us.
5. Persuaded other people Giving motivation statement Persuading someone to
to take actions you wanted. to a friend, telling a benefit take actions that will benefit
in taking a thing.
not only myself but also for
their own good.
6.helped a group deal Respecting each other,
constructively with conflict
communicate with
understanding.
7.demonstrated
creatively
To deal with a group
conflict constructively treat
a person with a respect and
communicate with them In a
right manner.
something Oral presentation in a class, Creativity is significant
social media strategy
when we need to
demonstrate something that
we need to make it
precisely.
1. Identify which job(s) each detail is relevant for.
Relevant experience relates to professional experience that is relevant to the abilities or
knowledge required for the position applying for. Employers like relevant experience,
and it's frequently a criterion on recruitment agencies, so it's essential to emphasize it on
a Resume.
2. Identify which details would work well on a resume








Contact details.
Opening statement.
List of key skills.
List of technical/software skills.
Personal attributes/career overview.
Educational qualifications.
Employment history/volunteering/work placements.
References/referees.
3. Identify which detail, further developed, and would work well in an application letter.
A resume is a convincing summary of your employment qualifications. If you're looking
for work, a Resume makes you appear well-organized and prepared to potential
employers. An application letter or cover letter that presents you to these employers is
included with this a resume.
ASSESSMENT/ENRICHMENT
1. Choose a job advertisement related to your field and make a resume for that position.
ANDREA LEE OCAMPO
Purok Namnama, Brgy. New Cuyapo
Tantangan, South Cotabato
+63 966 9145 757
andrealeeocampo@sksu.edu.ph
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birth Date:
January 08, 2002
Age:
25
Place of Birth:
Brgy, New Cuyapo, Tantangan, So. Cot.
Sex:
Female
Civil Status:
Single
Nationality:
Filipino
Height:
4‟9
Weight:
37
Religion:
Church of Christ
Father’s Name:
N/A
Mother’s Name:
Alma Nono Ocampo
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
College
Sultan Kudarat State University-Tacurong City
2020 – 2024
Senior High School
Koronadal National Comprehensive High School,
City of Koronadal South Cotabato
2019 – 2020
Junior High School
Tantangan National High School
Brgy. Poblacion, Tantangan, South Cotabato
2017 – 2018
Elementary
New Cuyapo Elementary School
Brgy, New Cuyapo Tantangan, South Cotabato
2008 – 2014
WORKING EXPERIENCE:
Develop and maintain accounting systems and procedures in accordance with national law and industry
best-practice
• Provide detailed analysis and reports on allocation of capital
• Independently managed presentation and distribution of financials at all Executive and Board
meetings in the 2027 – 2029 period
• Maintaining timely and accurate general ledger (posting entries, recording accruals, etc.)
SKILLS

Proficient in completing financial statements for small and large businesses in accordance with
the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)

Strong Comprehension Skills
LESSON 7
Communication for Employment:
The Application Letter
PRE-DISCUSSION
Compare five employment advertisements.
Company Websites
An online advertisement is a great communications tool for open positions. Small businesses and
start-ups may not value their own website as much if it receives no web traffic at all. If the number
of website visitors is significant enough, it can establish a profitable recruitment pool.
Online Job Boards
Many businesses use online job boards to advertise open vacancies. Established job boards can be
too expensive. When larger organizations acquire many job postings, their per-posting expenses are
decreased. Free listing services do not usually seek resumes or otherwise qualify prospects.
Print Media
To be more effective, a corporation may publish openings in industry or trade magazines. Because
trade journals are aimed towards industry specialists, applicants may have greater experience and
training for open positions, therefore qualifying candidates through the publication audience.
Although print media can be utilized to publicize job openings, these adverts do not qualify
candidates.
College and Universities
Companies can promote themselves through local educational institutions. Work-study or jobplacement programs at colleges and universities advertise on behalf of participating businesses.
What are the common qualifications employers are looking for?










Ability to verbally communicate with persons inside and outside the organization.
Ability to work in a team structure.
Ability to make decisions and solve problems.
Ability to plan, organizes, and prioritizes work.
Ability to obtain and process information.
Ability to analyze quantitative data.
Technical knowledge related to the job.
Proficiency with computer software programs.
Ability to create and/or edit written reports.
Ability to sell or influence others.
Do you have the qualifications required by the advertisement?
. Despite the availability of associate degree programs, most entry-level advertising jobs require a
bachelor's degree. Content and graphic design courses are combined with communication,
psychology, and advertising in a four-year marketing graduate program.
LESSON 8
Communication within a Company:
The Memorandum
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Firming up
The purposes of a memo are, they draw attention to problems and they help to fix them.
They achieve their objectives by alerting the reader about new information, such as policy
changes or price hikes, or by urging the reader to take action, such as attending a meeting
or changing a current production technique.
Memorandum Sections
Standard memos are separated into sections to help arrange the material and meet the
writer's goal.
Section Heading
The following is the general format for the header segment:
TO: (Names and work titles of readers)
COMING FROM: (your name and job title)
THE DATE IS: (complete and current date)
OBJECTIVE: (what the memo is about, highlighted in some way).
The Beginning Segment
The opening need to be more precise, the more straightforward the memo plan. The
inclusion of the memo's goal will help highlight why the audience should read this paper.
The beginning should be about the length of a short paragraph.
Context
The occurrence, circumstance, or background of the problem you are solving is referred to
as the context. To set the context and state the problem, you may use a paragraph or a few
sentences. It is frequently sufficient to utilize the introduction of a statement to fully describe
the context, such as,
"By conducting market research and analysis..."
Include only what your reader requires, but make it obvious.
Task
The task statement, which describes what you are doing to help solve the problem, is an
important part of a memo. If the action was requested, a sentence opening may indicate
your task.
Include only the information required by the context's decision-makers, but be convinced
that a real problem exists. Don't go on and on about unimportant stuff.
Summary Section
If your memo is more than one page long, you may want to include a summary section. This
section, however, is not required for brief messages and should not take up much length.
This section contains a brief summary of the important suggestions you have reached.
These will assist your reader in quickly grasping the memo's main themes.
Discussion
The discussion portions seem to be the biggest parts of a letter, and they contain all of the
details that support your arguments. Begin with the most vital information. This could imply
that you'll begin with major results or recommendations. Begin with the most requisite
information and make way to particular or supporting data.
Closing
After the reader has processed all of your material, you should conclude with a respectful
conclusion that says what action you want your reader to take. Consider how the reader will
benefit from the intended behaviors and how you might make those acts easy for the
reader.
Attachments Required
Make a point of documenting your results or providing thorough information wherever
possible. You can accomplish this by attaching lists, graphs, tables, and so on to the
conclusion of your note. Make sure to include a reference to every attachments in the
memo, as well as a remark on what is attached below your closure.
2. What parts of a letter should be included in a memo? Why?
The headline and overview, context, tasks and resolutions, details, conclusion, and
attachment are also the parts of a memo.
A Memo's Heading Components
Sections on Context and Background
Resolutions and tasks
Research and ideas are being supported.
Conclusion and Further Consideration
Documents and Additional Attachments

It is essential to include the essential components of a memo in order for the memo
to work as an effective communication channel.
INTROSPECTING
What is the importance of knowing what a memo is?
Memorandums are indeed efficient when they connect the author's intention with
both the author's requirements and goals. Memorandums typically provide
routine information.
LESSON 9
Communication within a Company:
The Minutes of Meeting
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Firming up
1. Explain the significance of Minutes to an organization.
The Minutes are important documentation for any organization. Meeting minutes, often
known as mom (minutes of meetings), are a complete evidence of everything that occurred
during a conference. They are used to tell persons who were unable to attend the meeting
about what happened, or to take account of what was discussed during the session so that
it can be revisited and then used to make a big decision.
2. State the requirements of a note taker. Explain each requirement.


To avoid bias and ensure objectivity, someone outsider must take notes or record
sessions in government or the court system.
In some circumstances, the minutes are taken by the same individual at each
meeting. In others, the job of minute taker is passed down from one member to the
next or from one participant to the next. The recorder's function encourages
successful leadership, good communication, and full participation of members
3. Why should names of all attendees and absent members be included in the
Minutes?
The names of everyone present at the meeting are usually the first to be recorded. This
serves two purposes: absent members can stay updated on what they missed during
the meeting and their absence from any of this meeting become part of the public
record.
6
CHAPTER
Communication for Academic
Purposes
LESSON 1
Avoiding Plagiarism
PRE – DISCUSSION
1. What would you feel if someone claims your ideas or work as his/her own?
If someone tries to claim my concept or claim ownership of it, I will be angry and
unhappy, but I will remain calm. I'm sure I'll act dissatisfied and unpleasant toward the
person who intentionally took the concept without my permission.
2. What would you do to avoid such pilfering of idea?
There are several ways to include the thoughts of others into your tasks, including
paraphrasing and summarizing. Quoting passages allows you to share a specific
author's words and phrases, whilst paraphrasing and summarizing allow you to
demonstrate your comprehension and interpretation of a work. In either case, citing
outside sources strengthens your own arguments and makes your writing more
believable. Proper summarizing and paraphrasing are great ways to avoid plagiarism.
3. Is borrowing acceptable in the intellectual field? Why or why not?
This protection ensures that the producers of such works be acknowledged and
financially compensated for their original and one-of-a-kind efforts. As a result, there
should be no "borrowing" of information in academic research and writing that is not
properly attributed. Borrowing or pilfering by failing to attribute the work to its original
author (also known as citation) is the same as plagiarism.
CONCRETIZING
1. Read the Legend of the Black Rice then write a summary of it.
Black rice, also known as forbidden rice, is packed with high level of nutrients and
antioxidants. The antioxidants found in black rice are higher than the blueberries
(that contain highest amount of anthocyanin). Black rice is black due to anthocyanin
content in the outer layer of its kernel. Thus this rice is also known as forbidden rice
and Emperor's rice. Now this black heirloom rice is widely available in different parts
of the world. The cultivation method of black rice is similar to general rice cultivation
practices. There are many varieties available in black rice which is of different Asian
origin but Chinese black rice is the most famous among them. In modern era, black
rice serves as one of the best food materials available to us to maintain our health
with regular physical exercise.
2. Read the following paragraph then write an acceptable paraphrase.
“Language anxiety experiences, as the findings show, may be experienced cognitively,
physiologically, psychologically, physically, emotionally, psychosocially, or in combination.
As a result, it may sometimes be difficult to express through words the language anxiety
experience one wants to share. However, with the use of doodling, a non-verbal tool, the
key informants were able to clearly capture and share their experiences. Doodling,
therefore, may also be a potential tool in generating other experiences brought about by a
psychological phenomenon or construct, although its application may not be generalizable”
(Siagto-Wakat, 2017).
As the findings show, language anxiety can manifest itself mentally, cognitively,
intellectually, physically, emotionally, behaviourally, or in any combination of these
ways. As a result, expressing the language anxiety sensation one wishes to convey
through words can be tough at moments. The target respondents, on the other hand,
were able to clearly capture and express their experiences by using doodling, a
nonverbal technique. Doodling, as a consequence, may be a valuable tool in creating
increased experiences caused by a mental event or idea, however its use may be
limited” (Siagto-Wakat, 2017).
INTROSPECTING
After recalling the concepts of quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, I realized
that;
Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing are immensely important to everyone,
especially students. Quoting passages allows users to share precise words and
phrases from another author, whilst paraphrasing and summarizing demonstrate
your comprehension and interpretation of a work
LESSON 2
Writing a Research Proposal:
The Topic Proposal
PRE-DISCUSSION
Before formulating your research topic, let us first look at your relationship with research.
1. Do you think research is important in your chosen field? Why?
YES. Academic accounting research explores issues using the scientific method and
encompasses all aspects of the accountancy profession. It draws evidence from a wide
range of sources, including financial data, experiments, computational methods, interviews,
assessments, histories, and ethnographic.
4. Do you want to write more research articles? Why?
Surely, I would say yes, but only if i could do it with enough knowledge. It is an excellent
opportunity to dig into a topic of particular interest of us. the research process allows
you to become an expert on a given topic choice, and the writing helps you keep and
comprehend how much we learned on a profound level.
INTROSPECTING
From this lesson on the topic I realized that….
Allows us to build expertise on a topic of our choosing, and the writing process
helps us remember what we have learned and understand, which will motivate us to
define your aims and essential points. It will allow you to consider each stage of the
research process in order to create a clear and precise plan.
LESSON 3
Writing A Research Proposal:
The Research Introduction
PRE-DISCUSSION
1. Your hobbies include reading about cars, brands of cars, kinds of cars, and the
different car innovations in the world. You are tasked to write an essay about this
hobby.
a. How should you start your essay?
I begin with an opening phrase that covers the passion, then describe why I want
automobiles in succeeding lines such as how I formed my hobbies and why, and what is the
rationale behind why I admire cars so much.
b. What details will you mention?
In composition, I will include detail as a specific item of information, such as a description of
the models of cars I desired, an illustration as to how my attractions can brought me in a
positive mood, and some sort of statistical information that gives the claim or leads to an
initial conclusion of my essay.
c. Do you have to mention ideas from different sources? Why?
It is essential to add necessary sources to be used in your study for various reasons:
To stand our claims and to give factual ideas. It is also significant to demonstrate to
the reader that we have given created to the proper owner of the statement or
information. To be a respectable student, give credit to other authors and
acknowledge their ideas.
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Firming up
Using a graphic organizer, illustrate how to write a research introduction.
Hook
Research
Question
Thesis
Statement
Context
Studies
Arguments
summary of
main points
why does it
matter?
RESEARCH INTRODUCTION
INTROSPECTING
In this lesson, I realized that…
The introduction is your chance to convince readers and reviewers that your study
topic is worth a read about and that your paper deserves their attention.
LESSON 4
Writing A Research Proposal:
The Method
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Firming up.
Compare and contrast research approach, research design, and research
techniques.
Approaches to Research the research approach, whether quantitative, qualitative, or mixed, is
determined by the study problem, experiences, and the audience or readership for whom the
research is intended.
You must return to your study introduction once you have determined the research approach
that is appropriate for your problem, experiences, and audience.
Research Design. Phenomenology is an example of a quantitative research approach or
strategy of inquiry. Case study, grounded theory, and narrative for qualitative research, and
sequential, concurrent, and transformative research for mixed methods.
Research techniques include rating behaviors, field observation, close-ended measures and
open ended measures. Research techniques can be used to assess the effect of a person's
behavior on their psychological well-being or mental health.
Compare and Contrast:
The research techniques and design must be the same. The entire structure of a research effort
is referred to as the research design. A research design is the same you cannot conduct a
research study unless you have a competent research design. The procedures used to acquire
and analyze data are referred to as research methodologies.
The major difference between research techniques and research design is that the former is the
general structure of the research project, whilst the latter is the different processes, procedures,
and tools utilized to collect and analyze data.
INTROSPECTING
I am enlightened about
The research process is significant since it allows the reader to confirm the
information's legitimacy and validity. The techniques used to conduct research assist
the researcher in acquiring knowledge of the link between cause and effect.
LESSON 5
Writing a Literary Analysis
PRE-DISCUSSION
1. PRE-DISCUSSION
1. When reading a piece of literature, what details do you look for? Why?
Protagonists: Who are all the piece's main characters?
Interaction and happenings: What occurred in the plot?
Scenario: In what setting does the piece take effect?
Reading literature takes us away from our actual status and into different eras and
locations. Book allows us to see the things through the lens of others. Great pieces of fiction
have had such a significant influence on people.
2. How do you present the details of a literary piece that you like the most or that you
hate the most?
The literatures, character then the setting, its plot, theme, climax, crises, resolution and tone. I'll
provide it in the style in which I enjoyed it while exploring the piece. When we fantasize, we do
exactly that. Another, more obvious reason I enjoy literature is that it transports me to fantastic
locations and allows me to live through the lives of others. It moves me, sometimes bringing me
.
to tears
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Firming up.
Using a graphic organizer, illustrate the concept of writing a literary analysis.
CHARACTER
SETTING
PLOT
Literary
Analysis
THEME
CONFLICT
INTROSPECTING
In this lesson, I learned that literary analysis requires...
Scrutinizing all aspects of a novel, play, short story, or poem things such as character,
setting, tone, and imagery and considering how the author employs those components to
achieve specific results
LESSON 6
Writing a Political Analysis Paper
PRE – DISCUSSION
Read the online article on Train Law (Burgos, 2018). Refer to the refence below for the link.
Then, answer the questions that follow:
1. What does TRAIN stand for?
TAX REFORM for ACCELERATION and INCLUSION LAW
2. Why are the senators calling for its suspension?
Three senators called for the suspension of the implementation of Republic Act No. 10963,
or the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (Train) law, as consumers and
transportation groups complained about rising inflation.
3. What are the effects of its implementation to the Filipinos?
TRAIN higher taxes have pushed more Filipinos into poverty. The entire TRAIN law, which
raised or imposed additional excises on sugar-sweetened beverages, autos, and cosmetic
operations, among other goods and services, was predicted to have increased poverty
incidence.
4. What other possible long-term effects do you foresee?
The Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Act (TRAIN) will enhance Filipino
consumers' wages or spending power to more than compensate for the mild rise in inflation
that occurs in fast-growing economies, leading to crises and poverty, notably since
covid19 are not yet resolved.
INTROSPECTING
In this lesson on Political Analysis paper, I was able to learn that:
It Concerning a particular political process or event, as well as forecasting future developments
such a report could also analyze a historical occurrence or process; thus, it does not always
deal with current situations and cases.
LESSON 7
Academic Presentations
ASSESSMENT / ENRICHMENT
Firming up.
Using a graphic organizer, illustrate the three P's of academic presentation. Explain
your illustration.
PLAN
• DETERMINE THE PURPOSE
OF THE PRESENTATION
• CREATE A WELL
ORGANIZED PRESENTATION
PRESENT
• ENERGIZE THE
PRESENTATION
PREPARE
Effective presentations are frequently built around a three-step process known as the 3-P
Approach: plan, prepare, and present. Your success is determined by the amount of hard work
you put through each step of this procedure. Examine each step thoroughly before
implementing the strategy until your next presentations.
INTROSPECTING
This lesson has equipped me in terms of the development of
competence in the educational setting Presentations can be
stressful, and many students dislike them and are frightened when
required to give them. Order to prepare students to meet these
difficulties.