Ministry of Higher Education
Jahan Institute of Higher Education
Directorate of Academic Affairs
Faculty of Computer Science
Department of Database
Bachelor Thesis
Develop News Website for Khabardar Press
Submitted by: Hayatullah “Hotak”
Supervisor: Khalialullah “Khalid”
Judge:
Year:
1400
‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحیم‬
Dedication
I would thank my dear family and classmates for their cooperation in
completing this course and this document, and I dedicate it to all those
who are interested in technology development
Acknowledgment
Here, we would like to thank our esteemed and dear professor Khalialullah Khalid for
his help in completing this project. My teacher. Thank you for making us grow
We would also like to thank all the professors who have contributed to our growth and
guidance, the relevant department, and the Faculty of Computer Science. Thank you
all.
Abstract
The purpose of an Online News Website is to automate the existing manual system with the help of
computerized equipment and full-fledged computer software, fulfilling their requirements, so that
their valuable data/information can be stored for a longer period with easy accessing and manipulation
of the same. The required software and hardware are easily available and easy to work with. Online
News Website, as described above, can lead to error free, secure, reliable, and fast management
system. It can assist the user to concentrate on their other activities rather than concentrate on recordkeeping. Thus it will help the organizations in better utilization of resources. The organization can
maintain computerized records without redundant entries. That means that one need not be
distracted by information that is not relevant while being able to reach the information. The aim is to
automate its existing manual system with the help of computerized equipment and full-fledged
computer software, fulfilling their requirements, so that their valuable data/information can be stored
for a longer period with easy access and manipulation of the same., The project describes how to
manage for good performance and better services for the clients.
And also this project is for the Khabardar news agency. The main problem was that this news agency
brought the news to the people by radio. While the use of radio has decreased a lot.
We wanted to know what is the solution to get the news to the people quickly and accurately.
And also knowing how people can comment on the news that can be collected and analyzed
And also The main objective of the Project on Online News Website is to manage the details of News,
Category, Latest News, Weather News, art News. It manages all the information about News, News
reports, art News, News. And so on
Table of contents
A. Introduction ........................ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
B. Literature Review ................ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
C. Problem Statement ............. Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
D. Research Objectives ............ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
E. Research need .................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
F. Research Questions ............ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
G. Hypothesis .......................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
H. Research Methodology ....... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
I. Research Innovation ........... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
J. Research limitation ............. Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Chapter one
Concept and Fundamental
Topic One: the object of project ..................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Section One: functional of the news website ............................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section one: scope of the project…............. Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section tow: Modules of online news website…Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Section Two: Data and Validation of the project on online news website… ... Ошибка! Закладка не
определена.
Sub-Section software quality plan ..................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section one: software requirement specification…Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section Two: requirement ........................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section three: software requirment specification…Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Topic Two: identification of the needs… .....Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Section One: will consider..........................................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section One: feasibility of the study… ......... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section Two: economical facility ................. Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section Three: Technical facibilty ................ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section four: operational facility ................. Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Chapter Two
System Development and Testing
Topic One: Advantage and Disadvantage… .Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Section One: Advantage and disadvantage................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section One: advantage… ............................ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section Two: disadvantage… ....................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Section Two: overview of existing news website … ...................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section One: khama news website… ........... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section Two: the website of Hast-e-south…Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section Three: local system… ...................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section Four: international system ............. Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section five: …............................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Topic Two: web system design and development… ..........Ошибка! Закладка не
определена.
Section One: system design on a website ..................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section One: system design… ...................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section Two: before starting design… ......... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section Three: Panel design… ...................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section four: primary design phase… .......... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section five: secondary design phase…....... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section six: adman panel design… ............... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section seven: primary design phase… ....... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section eight: database design… ................. Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section nine: development process… ......... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section ten: ER notation…............................ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section eleven: Data flow diagram… ........... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section twelve: Data flow diagram for normal userОшибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section there: admin data follow diagram…Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section fourteen: Hardware interface… ..... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section fifteen: software interface… ........... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section sixteen: system modeling and Design…Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section seventeen: structure design… ........ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section ninth: prototype modeling… .......... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section towenthe: software testing… ......... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section twenty-two: future scope… ............ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section twenty-three: activity of the system development…Ошибка! Закладка не
определена.
Sub-Section twenty-four: user specification… ... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section twenty-five: categories… ................ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section twenty-six: Bussines Catagories… .. Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section twenty-seven: sports categories… . Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sub-Section twenty-eight: contact us page… ..... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Conclusion ...................................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
References ...................................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
List of Figures
Figure number
Figure 1
Figure 3 Data Follow Diagram
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8prototype model
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Table 1
Table 2
Figure Name
Er diagram
Data Follow Diagram
Admin Data Follow Diagram
system modeling
Diagram
Admin panel Sequence Digram
Class
prototype modelprototype model
Homepage screenshots
Homepage Detail screenshots
world news screenshots
business page screenshots
sport page screenshots
contact Us screenshots
Hardware interface
Software interface
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Introduction
The "News website" has been developed to override the problems prevailing in the
practicing manual system. This website is supported to eliminate and in some cases
reduce the hardships faced by this existing system. Moreover, this website is designed
for the particular need of the company to carry out operations smoothly and effectively.
The application is reduced as much as possible to avoid errors while entering the data. It
also provides an error message while entering invalid data. No formal knowledge is
needed for the user to use this system. Thus by this all, it proves it is user-friendly. News
websites, as described above, can lead to an error-free, secure, reliable, and fast system.
It can assist the user to concentrate on their other activities rather than concentrate on
the record-keeping. Thus it will help organizations in better utilization of resources.
Every organization, whether big or small, has challenges to overcome and manage the
information of Category, News, Weather News, News Report, Art News. Every News
website has different News needs, therefore we design this website based on the needs
of the Khabardar news agency.
Literature review
At specific review
A lot of project work has been carried out on The news website. At present, News websites
are available. But most of these websites are static and traditional. No features can make
people aware. This is why we have done this project. Our project has many features that
can aware people. By using this website one can get more and more information that
helps the people in their daily life. And besides this, every organization needs their
website, especially for news companies it is more necessary. Khabardar press also needs
a complete website to publish their news content
Generality review
This day, the use of news websites is one of the most used websites in the world. The
news websites such as the BBC CNN website, etc., which are the biggest news companies
in the world, are clear examples of news websites.
These companies operate globally and deliver news quickly to people all over the world
using websites. globally delivering news in the form of radio and television is almost
impossible or very expensive, but using websites, can be done cheaply and quickly. The
Khabardar news agency is also looking for a way of working globally.
Problem Statement:
The ease of the Internet has made it difficult to publish news traditional on paper.
Problems such as reduced readership, lack of immediate publication, inability to share
with others, inability to express people's opinions. To meet the needs of the people to
provide accurate and documented news by image, and videos in addition to publishing
news on radio and paper, also we want to publish news using a website. The problem
stated that the news must be accurate urgent, documented, and to be available to the
public at any time and place, and this was not possible with radio signals and paper-based
methods.
Before this The Khabardar News-Press shared the news just from the radio signals so,
the people who did not have access to the radio could not have access to their news.
The objective of the project
The main objective of the Project on News website is to manage the details of
News, Category, Latest News, Weather News, art News, political news, finance news… It
manages all the information about News, News Reports, News. The project is built at the
administrative end and thus only the administrator is guaranteed access. The purpose of
the project is to build an application program to reduce the manual work for managing
the News, Category, News Report, Latest News. It tracks all the details about the Latest
News.
Research needs
In our media, we have the problems such as not having a large audience, lack of public
information about the published issue, lack of immediate access to news to the public. led
us to seek solutions. There was only one solution to this problem, and that was to bring
the news to the audience at all times, so we thought of creating a news website.
Research question
1. What is the impact of breaking news on media growth?
2. How do we know what people think about a topic published in a news agency?
3. What is the impact of documentary news on the growth of a media outlet
Research hypothesis
•
If the news is published by the website, it will have more audience.
•
Publishing news on the site will be faster and more up-to-date than paper and radio.
•
Publishing news on the site will allow people to submit their theories about the
news.
•
If documentary news (images and videos) are made available to the public, it will be
more credible than the news that is printed on paper.
Research method
I will use the unstructured interviewing method in my research because
Due to the informal nature of unstructured interviews – it becomes extremely easy for
researchers to try and develop a friendly rapport with the participants. This leads to gaining
insights in extreme detail without much conscious effort.
The participants can clarify all their doubts about the questions and the researcher can take
each opportunity to explain his/her intention for better answers.
Research Design
research design, I will use the case study design because
A case study is an appropriate research design when you want to gain concrete, contextual,
in-depth knowledge about a specific real-world subject. It allows you to explore the key
characteristics, meanings, and implications of the case.
Case studies are often a good choice in a thesis or dissertation. They keep your project
focused and manageable when you don’t have the time or resources to do large-scale
research(R).
So my project is about a specific real-world subject and I want to explore the key
characteristic
Of the online news website.
Research Limitation
In research limitation, I will probably face one kind of limitation and that is limited
access to information why? Because I have to visit some people that can help me, for
example, the manager of the Tolo news media, 8 am, Aryana news media… and also I
need more and more news type and data to see the difference and type and we have the
lack of the data and the
Chapter one
Fundamental Concept
Topic One: Objective of the project
the main objective of the Project on Online News Website is to manage the details of News,
Category, Latest News, Weather News, Art News. It manages all the information about News,
News Report, Art News, News. The project is built at the administrative end and thus only the
administrator is guaranteed access. The purpose of the project is to build an application program
to reduce the manual work for managing the News, Category, News Report, Latest News. It tracks
all the details about the Latest News, Weather News, Art News.
Functionalities provided by the Online News Website are as follows

Provides the searching facilities based on various factors. Such as News, Latest News,
Weather News, Art News

Online News Website also manages the News Report details online for Weather News
details, Art News details, News.

It tracks all the information of Category, News Report, Weather News, etc

Manage the information of Category

Shows the information and description of the News, Latest News

To increase the efficiency of managing the News, Category

It deals with monitoring the information and transactions of Weather News.

Manage the information of News

Editing, adding, and updating of Records is improved which results in proper resource
management of News data.

Manage the information of Weather News

Integration of all records of Art News.
Scope of the project Online News Website
It may help collect perfect management in detail. In a very short time, the collection will
be obvious, simple, and sensible. It will help a person to know the management of passed year
perfectly and vividly. It also helps in current all works relative to Online News Website. It will be
also reduced the cost of collecting the management & collection procedure will go on smoothly.
Our project aims at Business process automation, i.e. we have tried to computerize various
processes of Online News Websites.

In a computer system the person has to fill the various forms & number of copies of the
forms can be easily generated at a time.

In a computer system, it is not necessary to create the manifest but we can directly print
it, which saves our time.

To assist the staff in capturing the effort spent on their respective working areas.

To utilize resources efficiently by increasing their productivity through automation.

The system generates types of information that can be used for various purposes.

It satisfies the user requirement

Be easy to understand by the user and operator

Be easy to operate

Have a good user interface

Be expandable

Delivered on schedule within the budget.
Modules of Online News Website:

News Management Module: Used for managing the News details.

Art News Module: Used for managing the details of Art News

News Report Module: Used for managing the details of News Report

Category Management Module: Used for managing the information and details of the
Category.

Latest News Module: Used for managing the Latest News details

Weather News Module: Used for managing the Weather News information

Login Module: Used for managing the login details

Users Module: Used for managing the users of the system
Data and Validation of Project on Online News Website

All the fields such as News, Latest News, Art News are validated and does not take invalid
values

Each form for News, Category, News Report cannot accept blank value fields

Avoiding errors in data

Controlling amount of input

Integration of all the modules/forms in the system.

Preparation of the test cases.

Preparation of the possible test data with all the validation checks.

Actual testing is done manually.

Recording of all the reproduced errors.

Modifications are done for the errors found during testing.

Prepared the test result scripts after rectification of the errors.

Functionality of the entire module/forms.

Validations for user input.

Checking of the Coding standards to be maintained during coding.

Testing the module with all the possible test data.

Testing of the functionality involving all types of calculations etc.

Commenting standard in the source files.
In the software quality plan we will use the following SQA Strategy:

In the first step, we will select the test factors and rank them. The selected test factors
such as reliability, maintainability, portability, etc, will be placed in the matrix according
to their ranks.

The second step is for identifying the phases of the development process. The phase
should be recorded in the matrix.

The third step is identifying the business risks of the software deliverables. The risks will
be ranked into three ranks such as high, medium, and low.
Features of the project Online News Website:

Product and Component-based

Creating & Changing Issues at ease

Query Issue List to any depth

Reporting & Charting in a more comprehensive way

User Accounts to control the access and maintain security

Simple Status & Resolutions

Multi-level Priorities & Severities.

Targets & Milestones for guiding the programmers

Attachments & Additional Comments for more information

Robust database back-end

Various levels of reports available with a lot of filter criteria’s

It contains better storage capacity.

Accuracy in work.

Easy & fast retrieval of information.

Well designed reports.

Decrease the load of the person involved in an existing manual system.

Access of any information individually.

Work becomes very speedy.

Easy to update information
Software Requirement Specification
The Software Requirements Specification is produced at the culmination of the analysis task.
The function and performance allocated to software as part of system engineering are refined by
establishing a complete information description, a detailed functional and behavioral description, an
indication of performance requirements and design constraints, appropriate validation criteria, and
other data pertinent to requirements.
The proposed system has the following requirements:

System needs store information about the new entry of News.

System needs to help the internal staff to keep informed of Category and find them as per
various queries.

System need to maintain quantity record.

System needs to keep a record of the Latest News.

System needs to update and delete the record.

System also needs a search area.

It also needs a security system to prevent data.
Identification of need:
The old manual system was suffering from a series of drawbacks. Since the whole of the
system was to be maintained with hands the process of keeping, maintaining, and retrieving the
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information was very tedious and lengthy. The records were never used to be in a systematic order.
there used to be lots of difficulties in associating any particular transaction with a particular context.
If any information was to be found it was required to go through the different registers, documents
there would never exist anything like report generation. There would always be unnecessary
consumption of time while entering records and retrieving records. One more problem was that it
was very difficult to find errors while entering the records. Once the records were entered it was
very difficult to update these records.
The reason behind it is that there is a lot of information to be maintained and has to be kept
in mind while running the business. For this reason, we have provided features Present system is
partially automated (computerized), ac the existing system is quite laborious as one has to enter the
same information at three different places.
The following points should be well considered:

Documents and reports that must be provided by the new system: there can also be few
reports, which can help management in decision-making and cost controlling, but since these
reports do not get required attention, such kind of reports and information were also
identified and given the required attention.

Details of the information needed for each document and report.

The required frequency and distribution for each document.

Probable sources of information for each document and report.

With the implementation of a computerized system, the task of keeping records in an
organized manner will be solved. The greatest of all is the retrieval of information, which will
be at the click of the mouse. So the proposed system helps in saving time in different
operations and making information flow easy giving valuable reports.
Feasibility Study:
After doing the project Online News Website, study and analyze all the existing or required
functionalities of the system, the next task is to do the feasibility study for the project. All projects
are feasible - given unlimited resources and infinite time.
The feasibility study includes consideration of all the possible ways to provide a solution to the given
problem. The proposed solution should satisfy all the user requirements and should be flexible
enough so that future changes can be easily done based on the future upcoming requirements.
Economical Feasibility
This is a very important aspect to be considered while developing a project. We decided on
the technology based on the minimum possible cost factor.

All hardware and software cost has to be borne by the organization.

Overall we have estimated that the benefits the organization is going to receive from the
proposed system will surely overcome the initial costs and the later on running cost for the
22
system.
Technical Feasibility
This included the study of function, performance, and constraints that may affect the ability
to achieve an acceptable system. For this feasibility study, we studied complete functionality to be
provided in the system, as described in the System Requirement Specification (SRS) and checked if
everything was possible using different types of frontend and backend platforms.
Operational Feasibility
No doubt the proposed system is fully GUI based that is very user friendly and all inputs to
be taken all self-explanatory even to a layman. Besides, proper training has been conducted to let
know the essence of the system the users so that they feel comfortable with the new system. As far
our study is concerned the clients are comfortable and happy as the system has cut down their loads
and doing.
Advantage and disadvantage
Advantage
•
Much more immediate and up to date
•
Always have access in Mobile Phone
•
Free
•
Can include wider content
•
Archive functions
Disadvantage
•
Require data/internet to get online
•
Companies not making as much money due to free reading for audiences
•
News spreads quicker online - people find out the news before they should
•
Lose money - can't get people to pay for digital
•
Older audiences may not access digital platforms
•
Costly to maintain
•
Errors stay online FOREVER
•
Response to pace = errors in reporting
•
Fake News!
Section Two: Overview one Existing news websites
The Khaama Press News Agency
is one of the leading and largest news and information source in Afghanistan.
Khaama Press was established in October 2010 by Khushnood Nabizada and a high team of
young, professional, and committed journalists with a vision to spread awareness amongst
23
the online readers about the political, social, cultural, and economic developments in
Afghanistan and across the globe, the website has currently over 3.5 million visitors in a
month.
KP promises to provide a hundred percent authenticated and latest news from across the
world based on the facts, evidence, and truths to its readers.
The website of Hasht Sobh
This newspaper has different categories of news. Various parts such as people's opinions,
writings of people, analyses, the art, sports, economic policy, and an important and
separate section called the first bell, which publishes important news and important
analysis of the day in that section.
Hasht-e Subh has been able to establish its position with news and analytical approach to
events and grounding for conversations between people from socio-political spheres. It
aims to convey information to the people in a proper, balanced and impartial manner. On
the other hand, the newspaper intends to support democratic institutions and processes
and human rights and to become the voice of the victims in the field of transitional justice
Local System
The local system of the media is traditionally the news ware published by radio and
newspaper Khabardar news is collecting news by their employee and after the arrangement
of the news they are publishing the news by radio
International system
Globally, all news companies have a comprehensive website to make news widely available
to the public. Having a website is essential for global and even local.
Examples that we can name are the BBC CNN VOA, etc. These news companies owe their
global fame to the Internet, especially the publications that are published on the web by
their website.
Topic Two: Web System Design and Development Process
System design on a website
System design
System design is the most creative and challenging. The System Design Document
describes the system requirements, operating environment, system and subsystem
architecture, files and database design, input formats, output layouts, human-machine
interfaces, detailed design, processing logic, and external interfaces.
Before start design
To make a web application for the Online News website it needs to select a standard PC
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that can support XAMPP.
Panel Design
In user panel design we have done our task for the users. Here we provide facility about
Online News website. On the index page, the user can select any options which are needed
by him/her. By selecting options he/she can see the desired page. Then he/she can get the
all-oriented information finally. The design of the user panel is shown in the following flow
chart….
In this phase, a logical system is built which fulfills the given requirements. The design phase
of software development deals with transforming the clients’ requirements into a logically
working system. Normally, design is performed in the following two steps:
Primary design phase
In this phase, the system is designed at the block level. The blocks are created based on
analysis done in the problem identification phase. Different blocks are created for different
functions emphasis is put on minimizing the information flow between blocks. Thus, all
activities which require more interaction are kept in one block
Secondary design phase
In the second phase, the detailed design of every block is performed.
Admin panel design
We have designed a user login facility to manage and update all of the information. It is a
fully secured page. Without an appropriate username and password, it cannot be accessed
by anyone. For admin login after giving username and password we need to click a login
button, when we click the login button it is not directly entered into the home page, it stays
on the login page. Then it starts a session and sets two variables called username and
password. If the username and password are matched with the database, it can enter the
home into the page. It is not possible without click clicking the ogin button. In case users or
passed are not matched with the abase an Invalid username or password message is shown.
We can describe the login facility in admin login by using below flow chart given below—
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Database Design
We have organized one database news website for system design. It can be accessed directly or sequentially
by registered. The database determines files, records, fields, and characters. It can be easily controlled and
updated. This database and its table and component are described by the ing flow diagram that is given in
below……….
Development process
The development process will be started after interface design we will use agile methodology for the
development of our project because we need to give feedback from the media manager
The development will be in some PHP example user, admin, login, sign Up parts, and …
The Entity-Relationship (ER) model was originally proposed by Peter in 1976 [Chen76] as a way to unify
the network and relational database views. Simply stated the ER model is a conceptual data model
that views the real world as entities and relationships. A basic component of the model is the EntityRelationship diagram which is used to visually represent data objects. Since Chen wrote his paper the
model has been extended and today it is commonly used for database design for the database
designer, the utility of the ER model is:
3
It maps well to the relational model. The constructs used in the ER model can easily be
transformed into relational tables.
4
It is simple and easy to understand with a minimum of training. Therefore, the model
can be used by the database designer to communicate the design to the end-user.
5
In addition, the model can be used as a design plan by the database developer to
implement a data model in specific database management software.
ER Notation
There is no standard for representing data objects in ER diagrams. Each modeling methodology
uses its notation. The original notation used by Chen is widely used in academicist texts and
journals but rarely seen in either CASE tools or publications by non-academics. Today, there are
several notations used; among the more common are Bachman, crow's foot, and ide fix.
All notational styles represent entities as rectangular boxes and relationships as lines connecting
boxes. Each style uses a special set of symbols to represent the cardinality of a connection. The
notation used in this document is from Martin. The symbols used for the basic ER constructs are:
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Entities are represented by labeled rectangles. The label is the name of the entity. Entity names
should be singular nouns.
Relationships are represented by a solid line connecting two entities. The name of the relationship is
written above the line. Relationship names should be verbs
Attributes, when included, are listed inside the entity rectangle. Attributes that are identifiers are
underlined. Attribute names should be singular nouns.
The cardinality of many is represented by a line ending in a crow's foot. If the crow's foot is omitted,
the cardinality is one.
Existence is represented by placing a circle or a perpendicular bar on the line. Mandatory existence is
shown by the bar (looks like a 1) next to the entity for an instance is required. Optional existence is
shown by placing a circle next to the optional entity.
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or
.
Figure 1 Er diagram
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Data Follow Diagram
A data flow diagram is a short road map that graphically represents how the data moves through the
existing system. we have used data flow on diagrams in the death in the process. The data flow
diagram provides a factory of communication between us and the user. DFD shows what kinds of
information will be input to and output from the system, where the data will come from and go to,
and where the data will be stored. It does not show information about the timing of processes, or
information about whether processes will operate in sequence or parallel.
Data follow Diagram for normal user
user
prose
ss
Database
result
Figure 2 Data Follow Diagram
Admin Data Follow Diagram
admin
Input
login
data
proceess
Data
stored
Figure 3 Admin Data Follow Diagram
result
Fig 3,0 admin data follow
Hardware interface
The IEEE 830-1998 standard defines 'Hardware Interfaces' as. 'the logical characteristics of each
interface between the software product and the hardware components of the system'
Table 1 Hardware interface
Name of component
Specification
Processor
Pentium III 630MHz
RAM
128 MB
Hard disk
20 GB
Monitor
15” color monitor
Keyboard
122 keys
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Software interface
Software interfaces (programming interfaces) are the languages, codes, and messages that
programs use to communicate with each other and to the hardware
Table 2 Software interface
Name of component
Specification
Operating System
Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows7,
Linux
Language
PHP Runtime Environment
Database
MySQL Server
Browser
Any of Mozilla, Opera, Chrome, etc
Web Server
Apache
Software Development Kit
PHP
Scripting Language Enable
Javascript
Database JDBC Driver
MySQL Jconnector
Chapter Two
Website Design and Development
Topic One: System Modeling and Design
System modeling
is the process of developing abstract models of a system, with each model presenting a different
view or perspective of that system. It is about representing a system using some kind of graphical
notation, which is now almost always based on notations in the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
Models help the analyst to understand the functionality of the system; they are used to
communicate with customers.
user
public
See and read
admin
write
comment
Figure 4 system modeling
manage
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New news
Add
Sub-Section Two: Structure Design
A. Sequence Diagram
In the login sequence diagram, the admin will be able to login into their account using their
credential and he/she can do this as the diagram shows
Login page
login
Forgot password
verification
F pass
database
Auth page
Check auth to access
Check login detail
Provide auth to access
Valid login detail
Check securty
Send email to reset the password
Create
Session and
store in
database
Allow
Access
to user
In valid login detail
Allow the user to access the
page
Logout form application
Destroy seassion and token
from data base
Login saccess fully
Figure 5 sequence Digaram
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Sequence diagram object interaction
Admin panel
This diagram shows the interaction between the object of the news as the diagram talk.
Figure 6 Admin panel Sequence Digram
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Class diagram
The class diagram is the main building block of object-oriented modeling. It is used for
general conceptual modeling of the structure of the application, and detailed modeling, translating
the models into programming code Class diagrams can also be used for data modeling.[1]
The (UML) can help you model systems in various ways. One of the more popular types in UML
is the class diagram. Popular among software engineers to document software architecture,
class diagrams are a type of structure diagram because they describe what must be present in
the system being modeled
UML was set up as a standardized model to describe an object-oriented programming approach.
Since classes are the building block of objects, class diagrams are the building blocks of UML. The
various components in a class diagram can represent the classes that will be programmed, the
main objects, or the interactions between classes and objects.
The class shape itself consists of a rectangle with three rows. The top row contains the name of
the class, the middle row contains the attributes of the class, and the bottom section expresses
the methods or operations that the class may use. Classes and subclasses are grouped to show
the static relationship between each object.
So we have eight classes by the name role, permission, content, advertisement, news, user,
media, latest Post classes
Each class shows one table in the database generally but it shows the project classes
The first role class define the user’s roles it describes the user roles as diagram shoe
The permission shoe the user permission it means how the users can use the website
Content describes all content of the website, advertisement is for news advertisement, news,
user, media and latest post areas the same
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Figure 7 Class Diagram
Prototype Model
The basic idea here is that instead of freezing the requirements before a design or coding can proceed, a
throwaway prototype is built to understand the requirements. This prototype is developed based on the
currently known requirements. By using this prototype, the client can get an “actual feel” of the system,
since the interactions with the prototype can enable the client to better understand the requirements of
the desired system. Prototyping is an attractive idea for complicated and large systems for which there is
no manual process or existing system to help determine the requirements. The prototypes are usually
not complete systems and many of the details are not built in the prototype. The goal is to provide a
system with overall functionality.
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Figure 8 prototype model
2.1
Software Testing
Software Testing Process for executing a program with the intent of finding errors that are
uncovering errors in a program makes it a feasible task and also trying to find the errors (whose
presence is assumed) in a program. As it is a destructive process. To develop our project we use
a software testing process.
7.1
Future scope
The future scope of our project is valuable. Our project time duration was only one year. In this
time interval, we developed our project. It was very difficult to complete the project within this
time duration. In the future, if we get the chance we will develop this website for a large volume.
As for other future developments, the following can be done:

We will manage the news reporting system.

We can make a video conferencing system.

We update our database.

Sensibility level could add be added.
Activities of the System Development
We divided the system development phase’s activities into three categories. These provide
components of the development phase that can construct the program and include a list of the
programs needed to meet the system’s objectives and complete documentation
35
To complete our system development we have three types of specifications. These are
1. User specification.
2. Admin specification.
3. Files and database.
5.1.1
User Specification
The proposed systems are physically developed in this stage. User specification or output
specification provides the proposed system goals. The user specification stage fulfilled the user
need by preparing building blocks of the system. User specifications are developed based on
output design. It provides a total outlook of the system and offers various features for the user.
Home page screenshots
Figure 9 Homepage screenshots
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Figure 10 Homepage Detail screenshots
37
World news
Figure 11 world news screenshots
38
Business categories
Figure 12 business page screenshots
39
Sport categories
Figure 13 sport page screenshots
40
Contact us page
Figure 14 contact Us screenshots
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Conclusion
In our project work, an attempt has been made to develop a News or information-based
website. We develop this project that helps the people and make them aware so that they can
know any news. To establish this website we use various methodologies. To develop this project
we have faced many problems but we hardly tried to develop this project. Our supervisor helps
us by giving his valuable opinion, decision and time
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References
1. Rapid SQL: A Self-Teaching Guide (Fifth Edition)
2. SQL Programming: The Ultimate Guide with Exercises, Tips, and Tricks to Learn SQL
3. From Zero To SQL: SQL Language For The Beginner 1st Edition
4. Designing Data-Intensive Applications: The Big Ideas Behind Reliable, Scalable, and
Maintainable Systems 1st Edition
5. HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY August 2017/Edition: 1/Publisher:
Educreation /ISBN: 978-1-5457-0340-3
6. Fundamentals of research methodology and data collection
7. April 2016 /Edition: current /Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ( 2016-04-19
)/ISBN: 978-3-659-86884-9
8. The IEEE 830-1998 standard defines 'Hardware Interfaces' as
9. Sommerville, Software Engineering, 10 ed., Chapter 5(system modeling)
10. Sparks, Geoffrey. "Database Modeling in UML". Retrieved 8 September 2011. (for
class diagram)
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