8
What is the critical purpose of the literature review ? (about 2-3
paragraphs)
Literature review known as L.R is the best practice for any researcher to find out what is the
status of the previous researchers and what he could to develop the previous one.
It also helps him to summarize the previous work and identify the weak points in it and how to
overcome with it. Also, it helps the researcher to find the gaps in his research.
It saves the time to not waste in a repeating work that done before. It helps to clearify the
problem statement and the Research Design also.
Reference:
Presentation slide 50
Videos – lecture
https://www.ed.ac.uk/institute-academic-development/study-hub/learningresources/literature-review#:~:text=A%20literature%20review%20establishes%20familiarity,is
%20unknown%20within%20your%20topic.
9
Why applying APA writing style ? (about 3-5 paragraphs)
American Psychological Association known as APA is a worldwide style using all over the world.it
provides a clear and easy way for reading for everyone.it gives a special standard to papers, so it
helps to be easier to understand.
It helps both the writer and the reader. For the writer it helps him to organize the paper and for
the reader to get the knowledge easily. It also make it easy to the reader to find reference and
other research easily.
It gives instructions for how to create the paper starting from title until the Page Number,
Reference. It also helps to discover the citations.
It helps your work to be represented in a professional way.
Reference:
https://www.rasmussen.edu/student-experience/college-life/the-importance-of-apa-stylegiving-credit-to-get-credit/#:~:text=APA%20Style%20provides%20clarity%20to,the%20content
%20of%20the%20paper.
https://opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/chapter/american-psychological-association-apa-style/
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https://education.seattlepi.com/advantages-apa-writing-style-2791.html
10
Compare between different types of data ? (about 3 paragraphs)
Primary data:
Is the information that get by the researcher while the secondary data the data already exist,
and the researcher is responsible for analyze and inspect.
Primary data is the information that get by the researcher through the interviews and
observations while the secondary data is found as a quantitative or qualitative.
Primary data is raised after the Research Design phase i.e. During Data, analysis and conclusion
phases while secondary data is used during the first 3 steps PD Problem Definition,
Literature and Research Design.
Reference: Lect, Uma sakaran book.
11
Offer a clearly focused problem statement in the broad area of corporate
diversity (1 statement)
What are the challenges that corporate will suffer from the pandemic
of Covid 19 and how to overcome?
12
Why should a researcher conduct stakeholders analysis, if one already
knows the broad problem area to be studied? (about 2 paragraphs).
The main reason for the researcher to conduct stakeholders analysis is
to collect the data then process it to the information which needs a
feedback and also to avoid the noise during the analysis such as wrong
data.
Also, the information will be the input for a new process to produce a
knowledge that will be used to produce wisdom, so the analysis
process is very important to know the basic information and also to get
the full wisdom to reach the theory as the final stage.
By using the scientific analysis and business research methods, we will
reach to the conclusion that will be used as reference for further
research.
Reference:
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=RMZgzxL5uPk&list=PLkoTcYFWTFoRfYAlhVQYTXHbZiDEbcFsJ&index=
3
13
After studying and extracting information from all the relevant work
done previously, how does the researcher know which references,
articles, and information should be given prominence in the literature
review? (about 2-3 paragraphss).
The researcher should -after getting the required information- start
with the information that will help him to make the problem statement
clear i.e., from the unstructured and structured interviews that he
already did.
Also, there is no importance what the type of the information is if it is
primary data and secondary data, however it is better to be based on
the primary data as the data are collected by the researcher itself. So,
surveys research, Observations and case studies are very important.
These data- that will be converted to information after the processcould be quantitative or qualitative.
Reference:
Uma sakaran, ch.7
Lect.
14
Below is the gist of an article from Business Week. After reading it, (a)
identify the broad problem area, (b) define the problem, and (c) explain
how you would proceed further. (about a; 2 lines, b; 1 statement, c; 3
statements)
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a) Quality Problems for a Chrysler’s Company in a car trail sector.
b) What could Chrysler’s Company do to increase its market share in
car trail?
c) Define the service which will be “Quality for car trail”, then the
topic which will be “satisfaction”. The industry will be “Car trail”.
The location which will be global as it is not mentioned a specific
location. Finally the Beneficiary which will be Chrysler’s Company
15
What is the problem statement in the following situation? (1 statement)
What is the benefits of the Employee Loyalty and what to do to
increase it?
16
How would you define the problem in the following case? (3 lines)
The main purpose for accounting -which is provide useful information
to investors to make the right choice- isn’t existed. So, the main
mission now is to reform the accounting system to do its purpose.
17
Because literature review is a time-consuming exercise, a good, in-depth
meetings should suffice to develop a theoretical framework. Discuss this
statement. (about 4 paragraphs).
Literature review is an important stage during the research as it
clarifies the suitable variables and also get the results of the previous
research, so it assures no waste of time to be.
Yet, the researcher should do his homework for the research, he should
practice the theoretical framework to the reality by doing the literature
review and doing good and in-depth meetings with the stakeholders.
A theory trys to find the relationships between the variables in
researcher’s model.
Although, doing meetings helps the researcher to differ between
different types of the variables that will be used such as (dependent
variable, independent variable, moderating variable and the mediating
variable).
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Also, it gives an overview of the problem definition to the researcher as
it will help him to build a full image for the problem statement instead
of wasting a lot of time in the practice.
Reference:
Uma sakaran
18
Good models are complex. What’s more, a good model should include
both moderating and mediating variables. Discuss this statement.
(about 2-3 paragraphs).
the moderating variable is found when the relation between the
independent variable and the dependent variable depends on a third
variable. This third variable is the moderating variable, so in the large
and complex model there should be more relations between the
variables and as the number of variables increased the dependency on
another variables increases also which led to moderating variables.
Meanwhile, mediating variables works as a mediation between the
independent variable and the dependent variable to create a process
or a function, so based on the good analysis and good assumptions of
the model the mediating variables appear in the model.
So, as a conclusion -whatever your model and your types of variablesthere should be moderating and mediating variables to be appeared in
the comprehensive model.
Reference:
Uma sakaran
19
University researchers usually develop more complex and elaborate
models than Business researchers. Discuss this statement. (yes or no,
with clear reasoning).
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Yes, the University researchers always develop a more complex and
comprehensive model as they test all variables and conduct the
independent and dependent ones.
Moreover, their study is not a specific, but it could be applied to as a
general case unlike the business researchers who study specific case
and limited variables related to this case. Also, the University
researchers doing a research in a full scientific way and there is no
biased for the results.
20
In an applied research context you do not need to explain the
relationships between the variables in your conceptual model. Discuss
this statement. (2-3 paragraphs).
To build a theoretical framework, we will need to develop 3 main steps:
a) Define variables in our model.
b) Develop a conceptual model.
c) Create a theory that provides an explanation for relationships
between the variables in the model.
As the applied research (Deductive reasoning) depends entirely on the
theoretical framework and it is already mentioned that involves the
relationships between the variables in the model. Thus, the
relationships between the variables in the conceptual model
mandatory for the applied research.
Reference:
Uma sakaran Ch5.
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29
List and label the different types of variables at following case: explain
and illustrate by diagrams the relationships among the variables :
A manager finds that off‐the‐job classroom training has a great impact
on the productivity of the employees in her department. However, she
also observes that employees over 60 years of age do not seem to derive
much benefit and do not improve with such training.
The productivity of the employees: Dependent Variable
Off-the-job classroom training: Independent Variable
Age over 60 years: Moderating Variable
The productivity of the
employees
Off-the-job
classroom
training
Independent
variable
Dependent
variable
Age over 60
years
Moderating
variable
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30
List and label the different types of variables at following case: explain
and illustrate by diagrams the relationships among the variables :
A manager of an insurance company finds that “fear appeals” in
commercials are positively associated with consumers’ behavioral
intentions to insure their house. This effect is particularly strong for
people with a high inherent level of anxiety.
Consumers’ behavioral intentions to insure house: Dependent
variable
Fear appeals: Independent variable
Inherent level of anxiety: Moderating variable
Consumers’
behavioral intentions
to insure house
Fear appeals
Independent
variable
Dependent
variable
Inherent level
of anxiety
Moderating
variable
31
Make up three different situations in which technical support would be
an independent variable, a mediating variable, and a moderating
variable
1) independent variable(education level) : the salary as a dependent variable is
depend on the education degree (BCs or Mcs or PHD) as( independent variable)
2) mediating variable (Age of the employee) : acts as a mediating variable impacts
the relation between the education degree and the salary in the previous example.
3) moderating variable (Hard working & efficient) acts as a moderating variable
impacts the relation between the education degree and the salary in the two
previous example.
32
Compare between Cluster and Quota Sampling design, with clear
example of your own.
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For example, we want to know the effect of the overtime working hour
on the worker.
For Cluster Sampling design, we selected the samples and divided them to
clusters randomly with no pre-defined criteria and then apply the
survey on them and get the results. For each cluster we could choose
all of the sample of this cluster or portion of them, as it is based on the
researcher and the target of the research.
On the other hand, for Quota Sampling design if the workers are 60% males and
40% females, to apply the quota sampling and the sample size is 100, we must select 60
male workers and 40 female workers and then apply the survey on them.
As mentioned, cluster is less expensive than quota, also it is less efficient, but it is faster.
Reference :
Uma ch13.
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