The Noun
Singular Plural
-s, es
boy – boys, city – cities
s, ss, x, sh, ch – es: class – classes, box-boxes
y-i+es: army-armies, day-days
o=es: hero-heroes, cargo-cargoes, piano-pianos, photo-photos
f, fe = v+es: wolf-wolves, leaf-leaves, knife-knives, chief – chiefs, roof – roofs, safe – safes, handkerchiefhandkerchiefs
man-men, woman-women, police-man-policemen, postman-postmen, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice,
fish, sheep.
custom-houses, hotel-keepers, passers-by
-er, -or
act-actor, write-writer, clean-cleaner
friendship, brotherhood, love
iron, wood, water, sugar
Mathematics, Physics, History
news
money
people – peoples
scissors, scales, glasses, spectacles, tongs, trousers, jeans
goods, clothes (cloth),
Cases
General Case
Possessive Case
‘s
of
A toy of the boy = The boy’s toy
A book of the girl = The girl’s book
The door of the house – The house’s door
Books of the girls = The girls’[iz] books
Doors of houses= Houses’ doors
A friend of Jack = Jack’s friend
A nest of the bird – The bird’s nest
Nests of birds=Birds’ nests
men’s
Masculine – he brother, father, friend, pupil, writer, teacher
Feminine – she mother, sister, friend, pupil,
Neutral – it book, keyboard, woods, forest, tree, dog, cat, baby
I have a cat. She is clever, fluffy
Determinatives
1. This – these, that – those
This is a very old house
2. Possessive Case
The boy’s toy
3. my, your, her, his, its, your, our, their
Her book is on the table
4. much, many, few, little, each, every
5. The Article
1 Definite article – the, the book, the apple
2. Indefinite article – a, an a book, a table, an apple, an office
comfortable uncomfortable
3. Zero article – books, tables
I bought a book. The book is very interesting. I bought the book in that shop
magazine
I am a pupil
My mother is a doctor\
My friend, a teacher of English, is a good person (man)
There is a book.
What a clever pupil!
What a beautiful building!
the Sun, the moon, the sky
The sun is in the sky.
The teacher is in the class(room)
I bought milk. Is the milk on the table?
I want tea. Here is the tea.
the Ivanovs are at home
one - the first
two- the second
small – smaller – the smallest
good – better- the best
at home
at school
at work
at night
in May In September