The Noun Singular Plural -s, es boy – boys, city – cities s, ss, x, sh, ch – es: class – classes, box-boxes y-i+es: army-armies, day-days o=es: hero-heroes, cargo-cargoes, piano-pianos, photo-photos f, fe = v+es: wolf-wolves, leaf-leaves, knife-knives, chief – chiefs, roof – roofs, safe – safes, handkerchiefhandkerchiefs man-men, woman-women, police-man-policemen, postman-postmen, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice, fish, sheep. custom-houses, hotel-keepers, passers-by -er, -or act-actor, write-writer, clean-cleaner friendship, brotherhood, love iron, wood, water, sugar Mathematics, Physics, History news money people – peoples scissors, scales, glasses, spectacles, tongs, trousers, jeans goods, clothes (cloth), Cases General Case Possessive Case ‘s of A toy of the boy = The boy’s toy A book of the girl = The girl’s book The door of the house – The house’s door Books of the girls = The girls’[iz] books Doors of houses= Houses’ doors A friend of Jack = Jack’s friend A nest of the bird – The bird’s nest Nests of birds=Birds’ nests men’s Masculine – he brother, father, friend, pupil, writer, teacher Feminine – she mother, sister, friend, pupil, Neutral – it book, keyboard, woods, forest, tree, dog, cat, baby I have a cat. She is clever, fluffy Determinatives 1. This – these, that – those This is a very old house 2. Possessive Case The boy’s toy 3. my, your, her, his, its, your, our, their Her book is on the table 4. much, many, few, little, each, every 5. The Article 1 Definite article – the, the book, the apple 2. Indefinite article – a, an a book, a table, an apple, an office comfortable uncomfortable 3. Zero article – books, tables I bought a book. The book is very interesting. I bought the book in that shop magazine I am a pupil My mother is a doctor\ My friend, a teacher of English, is a good person (man) There is a book. What a clever pupil! What a beautiful building! the Sun, the moon, the sky The sun is in the sky. The teacher is in the class(room) I bought milk. Is the milk on the table? I want tea. Here is the tea. the Ivanovs are at home one - the first two- the second small – smaller – the smallest good – better- the best at home at school at work at night in May In September