UNIDAD EDUCATIVA COLEGIO JUAN XXIII
INSCRITO EN EL M.P.P.E.
CÓDIGO DEL PLANTEL S172D2023
SAN CRISTÓBAL – ESTADO TÁCHIRA
Área: Inglés y Lenguas Extrajeras
Año: 4to
Clase: 1
Prof.: Adriana Villarroel
Período: 3ero
Instrucciones: Transcribe en tu cuaderno de inglés, de forma limpia y ordenada, con letra
legible, el contenido gramatical y luego realiza los ejercicios. Puedes transcribir las
respuestas directamente en tu cuaderno o imprimir las actividades y resolver. Envía al
correo: INGLESCJ23@GMAIL.COM,un registro fotográfico de tu cuaderno y de los
ejercicios resueltos.
Contenido: Linking Words.
Los Linking words o conectores, juegan un papel importante en la cohesión de los textos
(especialmente los textos escritos), ya que se utilizan para conectar ideas.
Unir palabras te ayuda a conectar ideas y oraciones cuando hablas o escribes inglés.
Podemos usar palabras de enlace para dar ejemplos, agregar información, resumir,
secuenciar información, dar una razón o resultado, o para contrastar ideas.
Aquí hay una lista de las palabras y frases de enlace más comunes:
➢ Dando ejemplos
For example = por ejemplo
For instance = por ejemplo
Namely = a saber
La forma más común de dar ejemplos es mediante el uso, for example, o for instance.
Namely refiere a algo por su nombre.
“There are two problems: namely, the expense and the time.”
➢ Añadiendo Información
And = Y
In addition = además
As well as = además así
Also = también
Too = Demasiado
Furthermore = mas
Moreover = además
Apart from = aparte de
In addition to = además de
Besides = junto a esto, además
Las ideas a menudo están vinculadas por and. En una lista, pones una coma entre cada
elemento, pero no antes de and.
“We discussed training, education and the budget.”
Also se utiliza para agregar una idea extra o énfasis.
“We also spoke about marketing.”
UNIDAD EDUCATIVA COLEGIO JUAN XXIII
INSCRITO EN EL M.P.P.E.
CÓDIGO DEL PLANTEL S172D2023
SAN CRISTÓBAL – ESTADO TÁCHIRA
Puede usar also con not only para dar énfasis.
“We are concerned not only by the costs, but also by the competition.”
No solemos comenzar una oración con also. Si deseas comenzar una oración con una frase
que significa también, puede usar in addition, o in addition to this ...
As well as se puede usar al principio o en el medio de una oración.
“As well as the costs, we are concerned by the competition.”
“We are interested in costs as well as the competition.”
Too va al final de la oración o después del sujeto y significa también.
“They were concerned too.”
“I, too, was concerned.”
Apart from y besides a menudo se usan para significar así como o además de.
“Apart from Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer.”
“Besides Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer.
”Moreover, y furthermore, agrega información adicional al punto que está desarrollando.
“Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market. Moreover, they tell us
about the competition.”
➢ Resumiendo
In short = en resumen
In brief = en resumen
In summary = en resumen
To summarise = para resumir
In a nutshell = en pocas palabras
To conclude = para concluir
In conclusion = en conclusión
Normalmente usamos estas palabras al comienzo de la oración para dar un resumen de lo
que hemos dicho o escrito.
➢
Ideas de secuencia
The former, … the latter = el primero, …el segundo
Firstly, secondly, finally = primeramente, segundo, finalmente
The first point is = el primer punto es
Lastly = por último
The following = el siguiente
The former y the latter son útiles cuando desea referirse a uno de los dos puntos.
and
“Marketing and finance are both covered in the course. The former is studied in the first term
the latter is studied in the final term.”
UNIDAD EDUCATIVA COLEGIO JUAN XXIII
INSCRITO EN EL M.P.P.E.
CÓDIGO DEL PLANTEL S172D2023
SAN CRISTÓBAL – ESTADO TÁCHIRA
Firstly, ... secondly, ... finally (o lastly ) son formas útiles de enumerar ideas.
Es raro usar "fourthly" o "fifthly". En su lugar, pruebe the first point , the second
point, the third point, etc.
The following es una buena manera de comenzar una lista.
“The following people have been chosen to go on the training course: N Peters, C Jones and
A Owen.”
➢
Dando una razón
Due to / due to the fact that = debido a / debido al hecho de que
Owing to / owing to the fact that = debido / debido al hecho que
Because = debido a, porque
Because of = debido a
Since = desde
As = como
Due to y owing to deben ser seguidos por un sustantivo.
“Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%.”
“Owing to the demand, we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks.”
Si desea seguir estas palabras con una cláusula (un sujeto, un verbo y un objeto), debe
seguir las palabras con the fact that.
“Due to the fact that oil prices have risen, the inflation rate has gone up by 1%25.”
“Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike, the company has been
unable to fulfill all its orders.”
Because / Because of
Because of es seguido por un sustantivo.
“Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed.
Because puede usarse al principio o en el medio de una oración.
Por ejemplo, “Because it was raining, the match was postponed.”
“We believe in incentive schemes, because we want our employees to be more
productive.”
Since / as
Since y as significan porque.
“Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff.”
As the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff.”
➢
Dando un resultado
Therefore = por lo tanto
So = así
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Consequently = consecuentemente
This means that = esto significa que
As a result = como resultado
Therefore, so, consequently, y as a result, se usan todo de una manera similar.
are
“The company are expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they
taking on extra staff.”
So es más informal.
➢ Contrastando ideas
But = pero
However = sin embargo
Although / even though = aunque
Despite / despite the fact that = a pesar de /a pesar del hecho de que
In spite of / in spite of the fact that = a pesar de / a pesar del hecho de que
Nevertheless = embargo
Nonetheless = no obstante
While = mientras
Whereas = mientras que
Unlike = a diferencia de
In theory… in practice… = en la teoría… / en la práctica…
But es más informal que however. Normalmente no se usa al comienzo de una oración.
“He works hard, but he doesn’t earn much.”
“He works hard. However, he doesn’t earn much.”
Although, despite y in spite of introducen una idea de contraste. Con estas palabras,
debes tener dos mitades de una oración.
“Although it was cold, she went out in shorts.”
“In spite of the cold, she went out in shorts.”
Despite e in spite of, se utilizan de la misma manera que se due to y owing to. Deben ser
seguidos por un sustantivo. Si quieres seguirlos con un sustantivo y un verbo, debes
usar the fact that
“Despite the fact that the company was doing badly, they took on extra
employees.”
Nevertheless y nonetheless significa a pesar de eso o de todos modos.
“The sea was cold, but he went swimming nevertheless.” (In spite of the fact that it was
cold.)
“The company is doing well. Nonetheless, they aren’t going to expand this year.”
While , Whereas y unlike se usan para mostrar cómo dos cosas son diferentes entre sí.
“While my sister has blue eyes, mine are brown.”
“Taxes have gone up, whereas social security contributions have gone down.”
“Unlike in the UK, the USA has cheap petrol.”
UNIDAD EDUCATIVA COLEGIO JUAN XXIII
INSCRITO EN EL M.P.P.E.
CÓDIGO DEL PLANTEL S172D2023
SAN CRISTÓBAL – ESTADO TÁCHIRA
In theory ... in practice ... muestran un resultado inesperado.
“In theory, teachers should prepare for lessons, but in practice, they often don’t
have enough time.”
Links: (En ellos encontrarás video tutoriales con información valiosa e interesante que te
puede ayudar a aclarar algunas dudas, mírala antes de realizar tus ejercicios)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7FEbr9dpvg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9I1yHe76HE
UNIDAD EDUCATIVA COLEGIO JUAN XXIII
INSCRITO EN EL M.P.P.E.
CÓDIGO DEL PLANTEL S172D2023
SAN CRISTÓBAL – ESTADO TÁCHIRA
HOMEWORK
Rewrite the sentences so that they have the same meaning
In spite of being the market leader the company went bankrupt.
Even though ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Although they don’t have a burglar alarm they’ve never been burgled
Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………….....
Despite the fact that I was late the boss wasn’t angry.
Although ………………………………………………………………………………………...
In spite of being the managing director he goes to work by bike.
Even though ……………………………………………………………………………………..
Complete the sentences with to, so as not to, for, so that, because, because of
He never talks about his private life ........................................................ protect his family.
They had to make a lot of workers redundant …………………………….. the company could survive.
We always lock all the windows ......................................................... there have been burglaries near here.
When she asked me if I liked her dress, I told a white lie …………………………….. hurt her feelings.
We were very late for the concert ...................................................... the terrible traffic.
The family paid the kidnappers a lot of money …………………………….. their son would be released unharmed.
My brother’s saving ...................................................... a new bike.
I’m going to work late on Friday night …………………………….. have to do any work at the weekend.
I’ll send him an e-mail........................................................ tell him when we’re coming.
He’s been very depressed recently ....................................................... his job.
Choose the right form
We enjoyed the meal because of / although / so that the wonderful cooking. I’m
going to have a dessert although / so that / in spite of being on a diet.
Keep an eye on the sauce because of / though / so that it doesn’t burn. I’m
really hungry because / though / so that I had a big breakfast.
I never eat vegetables because of / even though / for I know they’re healthy. It was
an excellent meal despite / even though / so that the unfriendly waiters.
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Complete with if, unless, until or as soon as.
We’ll take a taxi ............................................ it rains. I don’t want to get wet.
My mother will have to go on working....................................... she’s 65. Then she’ll retire.
……………………… you find my pen, could you bring it to class tomorrow?
I can’t go to the concert ................................... you pay for the tickets. I haven’t got any money at the
moment.
The film will start .................................... the advertisements finish.
Circle the correct word.
We were put in a room overlooking the main road, so / although / yet we had asked for a room at the
back of the hotel.
There was a long queue for taxis. Because / However / Also, we didn’t have to wait very long to get one. We were
disappointed because the art gallery was closed and the museum as well / also / although. Apart from the
cathedral, I could also / as well / too see the river from my hotel room.
The town is perfect if you’re looking for a relaxing, peaceful holiday. On the other hand / Also /
Moreover, if you want night life, this isn’t the place for you.
There are very few hotels. However / Though / Besides, we were lucky and we found a room.
Fill in the gaps
A: Are you going to apply for a new job?
B: I will .......................................................................... the pay is better.
A: Do you always have breakfast?
B: No, but as ........................................................................................as I get to the office I make a cup of coffee.
A: Will you leave work ............................................................................................ your baby is born?
B: Yes, at least for a few months.
A: What will you do ........................................................................................... you don’t get the job?
B: I’ll keep trying.
UNIDAD EDUCATIVA COLEGIO JUAN XXIII
INSCRITO EN EL M.P.P.E.
CÓDIGO DEL PLANTEL S172D2023
SAN CRISTÓBAL – ESTADO TÁCHIRA
Choose the right alternative
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
He got the job so / despite / however / because / but not having much experience.
I hired him so / despite / however / because / but he had so much experience.
She was quite nervous, so / despite / however / but she didn’t do very well.
He seems well educated; so / despite / however / because he is not very bright.
She is not only beautiful and intelligent so / despite / however / because / but kind and thoughtful.
UNIDAD EDUCATIVA COLEGIO JUAN XXIII
INSCRITO EN EL M.P.P.E.
CÓDIGO DEL PLANTEL S172D2023
SAN CRISTÓBAL – ESTADO TÁCHIRA
Complete the sentences with unless, until, although, despite, or as soon as
I’ll go on working ...................................................... I finish this exercise. Then I’ll have a break.
A: When are we going to have dinner? I’m starving.
B: .................................................... your father gets home from work.
You’re not going out tonight ........................................................ you tidy your room immediately!
……………………………… having a perfect alibi, he was arrested.
Rewrite the following sentences starting with the word(s) given
a) He has never worked for a newspaper, but he’s been hired all the same.
Though ..............................................................................................................................................
b) She was very tired, but she finished the job
In spite of ..........................................................................................................................................
c) They went to his office. They didn’t want to be heard.
They went to his office so that .........................................................................................................
Fill in the blanks choosing from the following linking words: despite; therefore; however; although;
actually; while; also; besides
a) You mustn’t forget to include the postcode. ....................................................... , make sure you provide
a return address.
b) I’ve known Henry for years. ....................................................... , we went to the same school.
c) She had hoped Daniel would stay all weekend. ......................................................... , he had to leave on
Saturday.
d)having studied a lot, he failed the test.
e) The woman killed her husband and she intended to do it. ......................................................... she is
guilty of murder.
Rewrite the sentences, using the words given, so that they have the same meaning
a) Joseph never helped with the housework. Pat did. (whereas)
................................................................................................................................................................
b) We sometimes stayed out late. We always got home before twelve. (though)
................................................................................................................................................................
UNIDAD EDUCATIVA COLEGIO JUAN XXIII
INSCRITO EN EL M.P.P.E.
CÓDIGO DEL PLANTEL S172D2023
SAN CRISTÓBAL – ESTADO TÁCHIRA
c) He didn’t like sport: he didn’t mind watching football. (however)
................................................................................................................................................................
UNIDAD EDUCATIVA COLEGIO JUAN XXIII
INSCRITO EN EL M.P.P.E.
CÓDIGO DEL PLANTEL S172D2023
SAN CRISTÓBAL – ESTADO TÁCHIRA
Write new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence using the words given
a) Very little of the remaining stock sold, despite the low prices. (even though)
...........................................................................................................................................................
b) The ailing magazine tried introducing several new features. Nevertheless, circulation continued to drop.
(although) ............................................................................................................................
c) Despite the fact that the critics hated it, Archer’s latest book was well received by the public. (being).
...............................................................................................................................................
d) In spite of her insistence that all was well, I knew that something was wrong. (fact)
...........................................................................................................................................................
e) He’s intelligent but he does not study much. (however) .......................................