Biology
Photosynthesis- the process where plant make their food using sources
around them.
Chloroplast- contains chloropyll and absorbs sunlight, the light energy is
used to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar oxygen is a biproduct.
6co2+6h20=c6h12c6+6o2
Two main stages of photosynthesis:
1) Light dependent stage ( hydrolesis- splitting water molecules)
2) Light independent stage ( production of glucose from carbon
dioxide)
Plant mineral and add ions to the mineral eg nitrate ion
Nitrogen-needed to make protein used for plant growth and to
make chlorophyll the absence of it can cause poor,chlorosis/ the
yellowing of leaves and underdeveloped leaves.
Magnesium
Needed to make chlorophyll in the absence of it chlorosis occur .
Sulphur
Make protein
Absence = chlorosis and poor growth
Calcium
To make cell walls in the tip of roots and shots
Lack of = death of growth roots and shoots , poor bud
development and poor,stunted growth.
Potassium
To help in pjotosynthesis
To help maintain the correct salt balance in the cells.
Lack of = premature death of leaves and leaves have brown
margin and brown spots on the leaves.
The cell is a basic unit of life
Parts of the cell:
Movement of substance : osomosis diffusion and active transport
Digestion
3 main substances in digestion saliva, stomach acids and enzymes
First part of the small intestine duodenum and second part is the ileum
Heterotrophic nutrients
Roughage is food that cannot be digested
Parts of the tooth
The ball of food in the mouth is called bolus.
Respiration:
What is respiration
Gas exchange in the alveoli , outsides the alveoli the are cappilaries and
instide there is a liquid , the gas difusses from the alveoli into the blood
in the capillaries.
Breathing is the sequence of events which moves air in and out of the
lungs.
Inhaling during this the intercostal muscle contracts which cause the
ribs to move at the same time the diaphragm contracts and flattens
which cause an increase width and depth of the chess cavity.
Aerobic respiration- when oxygen is used in the reaction and occurs in
most cells it uses oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria
Anaerobic respiration takes place in some cells it takes place without
oxygen and takes place in the cytoplast.
In yeast cell anaerobic respiration is known as fermentation is produces
ethanol and carbondixode lactic acid is produced during strenuous
excersises when the oxygen levels become too low for aerobic
respiration.
Respiration in plants
Stomata
Lenticels
Root hair all aid in the movement of gas in and out of the plant or
leaves
Most oxygen plants use for cellular respiration is produce by mesophyll
also in is the main respiratory surface of the plant.
Lenticels are pores located in the stem underneath it there are loosely
packed cells with airspaces which allows the diffusion of gas in and out
the stem.
Air and water diffuses in the root hairs.
Air is filterd by cilia in the nasal cavity
Transport
Factores that affect transport in plands
Wind- wind blows water off leaf which cause more water to come out
of the leaves thus increasing transpiration.
Humidity – air has a lot of moisture thus decreasing tranpiration
Warm-heat drys up the water faster causing more water to be excreted
increasing transpiration
Light- causes stomata to open up increasing transpiration.
Compare the structure of xylem and phloem.
Look back at respiration completion
Circulatory system
Oxygenated is at the left side of the heart and deoxygenated blood on
the right there are four chambers of the heart
Valves separate the upper chambers from the lower chambers
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary artery and vein
Clottin in the coronary artery is known as coronary thrombosis
Capillaries deal with exchange from cells.