DEI GRACIA ACADEMY, INC
DepEd ESC School
La Trinidad Subd., Brgy. Cabuco, Trece Martires City, Cavite 4109
The Challenges of Sari-Sari Stores amidst the Pandemic
A Quantitative Research
Submitted to the Faculty of
Senior High School Department
Dei Gracia Academy, Inc.
Trece Martires City, Cavite
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
by
Arriola, Fortune Mari V.
Rosa, Princess Mae
Mahinay, Allyssa Mae R.
Atas, Darlenne Jeanne B.
Romen, John Aron R.
Cantillano, Kurt Dustin M.
Accountancy, Business and Management 12
JUNE 2021
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ABSTRACT
Title of Research: The Challenges of Sari-Sari Stores amidst the Pandemic
Authors: Arriola, F.M.V., Rosa, P.M., Mahinay, A.M.R., Atas, D.J.B., Romen, J.A.R., and
Cantillano, K.D.M.
Level and Strand: 12 – Accountancy, Business, and Management
Date of Completion: June 23, 2021
This research provides some insights into the challenges faced by sari-sari stores during
the pandemic. The objectives of this study are to look into numerous problems faced by sari-sari
stores during the pandemic and how they handled them using three research questions. The
researchers gathered data through the use of survey questionnaire.
The study revealed and concluded that most of the respondents affirmed that the needs of
their sari-sari stores have been affected by the pandemic, but the profit from their sari-sari store
is enough to satisfy their personal needs. Majority of the respondents have a strategy where they
uniquely sell essential products which help in attracting customers. Most of the respondents
agreed that they have adapted well and changed their strategy during the pandemic. Additionally,
most of them agreed that they try to think of solutions and strategies to survive the challenges
that the pandemic has caused to their store.
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APPROVAL SHEET
This RESEARCH PAPER entitled “The Challenges of Sari-Sari Stores amidst the
Pandemic” prepared and submitted by Fortune Mari V. Arriola, Princess Mae Rosa, Allyssa
Mae R. Mahinay, Darlenne Jeanne B. Atas, John Aron R. Romen, and Kurt Dustin M.
Cantillano, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS,
AND IMMERSION (QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH).
KATLYN F. PASCUA
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the INQUIRIES,
INVESTIGATIONS, AND IMMERSION (QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH).
MATRIAN A. MOJICA
POSITION – COORDINATOR
MARIETTA M. ESTABAYA
POSITION – OIC SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Date of Final Defense: June 15, 2021
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The researchers would like to recognize with sincere gratitude the people who provided
their assistance and shared their knowledge, time and effort for the completion of this study:
First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for his showers of blessings
throughout our study and for his Divine Love and Mercy that has kept us researchers in good
health and determination to accomplish this research successfully;
To Ms. Marietta M. Estabaya, our Officer-in-Charge of Dei Gracia Academy, Inc. Senior
High School Department, for all the support you have given to accomplish the goal of this study;
To Mrs. Katlyn F. Pascua, our Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion teacher, for giving
us the opportunity to do research and providing invaluable guidance throughout this research;
We would also like to express our gratitude to the validators, who are also our teachers,
for their warm treatment and support to the researchers’ study;
Heartfelt thanks to our parents and guardians, for their encouragements and support
throughout our studies. We would also like to thank our classmates and friends for their support
and motivation.
The Researchers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE .......................................................................................................................1
ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................2
APPROVAL SHEET ...........................................................................................................3
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................4
TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................................5
LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................8
LIST OF FIGURE................................................................................................................9
Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction ............................................................................................................10
Conceptual Framework ..........................................................................................13
Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................15
Hypotheses of the Study ........................................................................................15
Scope and Delimitation of the Study .....................................................................16
Significance of the Study .......................................................................................16
Definition of Terms................................................................................................17
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Local Literature ........................................................................................19
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Related International Literature .............................................................................22
3 METHODOLOGY
Research Design.....................................................................................................25
Population and Sampling .......................................................................................26
Respondents of the Study.......................................................................................26
Research Instrument...............................................................................................26
Data Gathering Procedure ......................................................................................27
Data Analysis .........................................................................................................28
4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Problem No. 1 ........................................................................................................29
Problem No. 2 ........................................................................................................30
Problem No. 3 ........................................................................................................32
5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary ................................................................................................................34
Findings..................................................................................................................35
Conclusions ............................................................................................................36
Recommendations ..................................................................................................37
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................39
APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................42
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A. Letter for Data Gathering ........................................................................................42
B. Letter to Validators ..................................................................................................43
C. Letter to the Respondents ........................................................................................46
D. Letter to the Critic ...................................................................................................47
E. Summary of Suggestions for the Questionnaire ......................................................48
F. Survey Questionnaire ..............................................................................................49
G. Questionnaire Matrix ...............................................................................................51
H. About the Authors ...................................................................................................54
I. Deed of Declaration ......................................................................................................... 57
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
1 Challenges of Sari-Sari Stores during Pandemic .......................................................30
2 Ways How Sari-Sari Stores Adapted .........................................................................38
3 How Sari-Sari Stores Adapted ...................................................................................40
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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure
Page
1 Research Paradigm adapted in the study ...................................................................14
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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Sari-sari stores are not only a one stop shop providing locals with everything from daily
food necessities to cleaning supplies but they are also a colorful, cultural icon that brings
together the community. They operate with a small revolving fund; however, such stores occupy
an important economic and social location in a Filipino community. These stores tend to be
family-run and privately owned operating within the shopkeeper’s residence, which is the reason
why they are abundant in neighborhoods and along streets. It is also a place where locals catch
up with their neighbors and children play with each other.
There is no clear history of how the sari-sari store arises, but there are some people that
suggest on when it might appear. According to Silverio (1982), this type of business dates back
to the snug dynasty period (1127 AD) when Philippines-Chinese trade began and other confirm it
during the Spanish period on the establishment of Chinese agent. In addition, he also reported
five detailed case histories of sari-sari stores located in two low-income communities, one
middle-income community, and a mixed low- to middle-income community in the earliest and
most comprehensive study about sari-sari stores.
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A sari-sari store is typically a retailer where the owner focuses on the needs of women,
runs the shop, and manages the accounts. They are typically found in low-income areas and have
contributed to society by preserving storekeepers’ economic freedom, generating employment
(e.g. salesclerk, receipts-and-payments contractor), and, perhaps most significantly, providing a
diverse range of consumers with essential products. It was not unusual to find two or more stores
within the same street, and in some instances, two stores were located side-by-side in adjacent
home. Since low-income households cannot afford to purchase large quantities of goods from
large-scale supermarkets, sari-sari stores offer a valuable service to their customers by providing
items on an individual basis.
When the whole island of Luzon was placed on lockdown starting mid-March 2020
because of the pandemic, several establishments shut down their operations. However, sari-sari
stores were exempted from total lockdowns and remained open. Although even with the easing
of the quarantine measures, there has not been much improvement on the plight of sari-sari stores
and carinderias all over the country. A rapid retailers assessment conducted by the Philippine
Association of Stores and Carinderia Owners (2020) showed the need for a rehabilitation plan
that should include a range of intervention at different stages and types of businesses.
More permanent mass closures of small businesses would almost certainly result in
significant job losses, increased income inequality, and a prolonged recession is stated by Robert
Fairlie (2020). Many small businesses are projected to close as a result of COVID-19’s social
distancing constraints and market changes. The challenges of a sari-sari store amid the pandemic
are examined in this paper. Additionally, in the researchers’ development efforts, this study
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places a strong emphasis on the most disadvantaged member of the community. The aim of this
research is to depict human stories in order to raise awareness of how disasters impact the most
vulnerable people.
Today, public is still facing an evolving virus which in turn affects the economy,
including micro retail shops such as sari-sari stores. Challenges may arise, new or old, and sarisari stores will have to face them again and again until they have overcome them – or not. The
main aim of this research is to know what challenges are the most faced by sari-sari stores
located in La Trinidad Subdivision, and what solutions they come up with to overcome those
challenges.
Conducting a research study on the challenges of sari-sari stores amidst the pandemic
will determine the most common challenges that the sari-sari stores faced during the pandemic
and discover the solutions to the determined challenges. It will also help develop a learning
material of business-related challenges during the pandemic based on sari-sari stores. The study
will also help other sari-sari stores to overcome the same challenges they are facing during the
pandemic.
This research study will help the sari-sari store owners know the challenges they faced
during this pandemic and how they can handle their business despite of the challenges caused by
pandemic. It can benefit them to understand their products by knowing more strategies to use on
how they can influence their customers. It will help to encourage them to find a strategy that will
suit to them to give solution to the challenges they faced amidst the pandemic.
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In addition, this study will give sari-sari store owners some ideas on how they can survive
with their business and to know more about the adjustments they consider in selling their
products during this pandemic. Moreover, challenges faced by the sari-sari stores may affect
their business but having a good solution is a good idea to survive and improve their business in
selling their products to their customers.
Conceptual Framework
The different elements that can be observed and discoursed in the study were depicted in
Figure 1. It focuses on the relationship of the challenges during pandemic and sari-sari stores
located in La Trinidad Subdivision, Barangay Cabuco. The researchers include the challenges to
discover its impact on the sari-sari stores as these are the factors which will determine the most
common challenge faced by different sari-sari stores amidst the pandemic.
As a result of the Rapid Assessment of Effects of the Community Quarantine on Selected
Sari-Sari Store and Carinderia Owners conducted by the Philippine Association of Stores and
Carinderia Owners (PASCO), sari-sari stores and carinderias requires a rehabilitation plan that
should include a range of intervention measures to help them get back on their feet. The survey
also revealed that the micro retail sector emerged to be among the most affected in the pandemic.
There are different factors that contribute as to why sari-sari stores are challenged during the
pandemic, and this study aims to determine which the most common challenges they are
currently facing are.
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A sari-sari store is a small neighborhood retail shop that caters to members of that
community and operates with a small revolving fund. The store usually carries basic goods such
as canned food, instant noodles, coffee, soda and other things that Filipinos get on a daily basis.
The sari-sari stores occupy an important economic and social location in a Filipino community
and are abundant in neighborhoods and along streets.
Figure 1 refers to the challenges during pandemic which affects sari-sari stores. The
researchers want to discover the challenges that the sari-sari stores in La Trinidad Subdivision
are facing during the pandemic and analyze the ways they did to overcome them. The challenges
of sari-sari stores amid the pandemic are investigated and examined for the study of the
researchers. In order to determine the challenges of sari-sari stores amidst the pandemic, a survey
questionnaire with the selected sari-sari store owners will be conducted to cater the study.
Sari-Sari Stores
Challenges during
Pandemic
Figure 1. Challenges during pandemic affecting the sari-sari stores.
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Statement of the Problem
This study generally aims to determine and analyze the challenges of sari-sari stores
amidst the pandemic and how they survived it. The result of this research will increase the
knowledge of the researchers.
Specifically, it aims to determine the following questions:
1. What are the challenges of sari-sari stores in La Trinidad Subdivision, Barangay
Cabuco?;
2. What are the ways on how they survived the challenges?; and
3. How well did the sari-sari stores adapt to the pandemic?
Hypotheses of the Study
The researchers decided to test the following two hypotheses related to the challenges of
sari-sari stores amidst the pandemic:
1. There are no challenges among the sari-sari stores in La Trinidad Subdivision amidst
the pandemic.
2. There are challenges among the sari-sari stores in La Trinidad Subdivision amidst the
pandemic.
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Scope and Delimitation
This study involved a sample of selected sari-sari stores located within La Trinidad
Subdivision, Barangay Cabuco. This study limits its coverage on the challenges of existing sarisari stores and how they overcame the challenges. In order to find the information needed to
determine the results of the study, the researchers prepared a survey questionnaire for the
respondents.
Significance of the Study
The results of this study could be significant and beneficial especially to the following:
Sari-Sari Store Owners. The results of the study will help the sari-sari store owners
recognize and understand the various sales techniques for their goods, as well as the influence on
customers. It will encourage them in increasing the outcome of using effective marketing
strategies in order to sell their products. The results would also help them build a more
successful and creative strategy for gaining more customers to their enterprise.
Future Business Owners. Data given will provide the future business owners a rough
idea on what challenges they might face in opening a business during the pandemic and how to
overcome it. The results will also assist them into developing a creative and unique solution that
is loosely based on the solutions provided by the interviewed sari-sari store owners.
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Researchers. Data gathered will help the researchers gain knowledge for their own
benefits. Through this study, it will be possible for them to determine the most common
challenges faced by sari-sari stores in the middle of pandemic. Data given will enable them to
offer additional knowledge to the challenges faced by sari-sari stores.
Future Researchers. Other researchers will benefit from this study because it will
provide information for them to develop their techniques and develop their research. Future
researchers will gain from this study so they can expand on it or use it to obtain information and
resources about how they overcome their challenges during the pandemic.
School. Data given will provide the school with information on the challenges of sari-sari
stores during the pandemic. The results will be contributed as examples to business-related
subjects such as Entrepreneurship and Business Mathematics. This will help the future learners
gain an understanding about the challenges of sari-sari stores amidst the pandemic.
Definition of Terms
For a broader knowledge about this research, the following terms are given definition:
Challenge - It is a task or situation that tests someone’s abilities.
- It is the situation that sari-sari stores face during pandemic.
Pandemic - It is an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing
international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people.
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- It is an outbreak of COVID-19 over the Philippines.
Sari-Sari Store - It is a small neighborhood store selling a variety of goods.
- It is a retail store selling a variety of goods which experience
challenges during the pandemic.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
In this chapter, the researchers have cited literatures and studies that are related to their
research paper about the challenges of sari-sari stores amidst the pandemic. This part of the study
helps to support the researchers on making a conclusion about their study.
Related Local Literature
Arceo-Dumlao (2012) aimed to feature the business model of Filipino sari-sari stores as
well as the underlying the challenges faced by the sari-sari store owners and how they overcome
it. It was the sari-sari store or the small neighborhood variety stores commonly managed by
women and senior citizens. Its convenience was beyond exaggeration that someone can interrupt
an emergency to buy something as immediately as possible. One of the main reasons behind the
closure of these ventures is poor of financial management. In addition, Sari-Saring Negosyong
Training program was mentioned which help sari-sari store owners to know how to create and
organize inventory and the important basics of financial management to survive.
Al Lumasag (2020) stated that many suppliers used to supply bread, medicine, and
cigarettes to sari-sari stores before the lockdown, but the lockdown has made it impossible for
these suppliers to deliver their products. After the quarantine was enforced, commodity prices
have begun to increase over time, causing other owners to raise their prices as well. Due to the
challenges distributors have going through checkpoints, some sellers choose to meet with them
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instead, incurring extra costs. Since they have a monopoly on the supply, other suppliers raise
their prices as well.
In an article of International Committee of the Red Cross (2020), a single mother in her
village of Tuayan Mother in Datu Hoffer, Maguindanao had her sari-sari store slow down
because of the bout of fighting in March and the COVID-19 pandemic. She was then forced to
cut down the prices of her products so people in her community can afford them or buy more
since everyone in the community was affected by the conflict and the pandemic. However, her
family had been among the 1,032 most vulnerable families affected by conflict who received
unconditional cash grant from ICRC in July 2020. Jubaida used part of the PHP 5,000 cash grant
to boost her business by offering new items at her store, such as banana cue and electronic
cellphone load.
It is stated in an article of Asian Preparedness Partnership (2020), Monalisa and her
family had been depending on the local government assistance since the community quarantine
started. She also stated that her profits – which do not reach more than P500 weekly – barely
cover the P2,500 to P3,000 for household expenses. In contrast, an article of DTI (2020) revealed
that Ida’s sari-sari store helped her survive the pandemic, especially when her bakery business
reduced their operations when the pandemic happened. Her sari-sari store was frequently visited
by their neighbors, and it turns out that she is one of the beneficiaries of the Negosyo Serbisyo sa
Barangay – Livelihood Seeding Program to be granted with a Sari-Sari Store Restarter Kit by the
DTI which helped her in the recovery of her business.
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In an article of Pinoy Negosyo (2019), it is discussed that there are 9 keys to a sari-sari
store business success. They are as follows: treat the store as if it’s not yours; start selling with
basic needs of neighborhood; take only profits of the day; it’s “out of stock,” not “we don’t sell
them”; pack certain products in smaller quantities/portions; ensure sari-sari store product quality;
take note of seasonal items and upsell; no credits; and be friendly to your customers. It is then
concluded that no matter the size of a sari-sari store business, there will always be challenges;
however, the keys they mentioned are only guides to help a sari-sari store to grow.
Canivel (2017) discoursed in an article that sari-sari stores are facing great challenges,
which is more convenience stores opening and redefining what convenience means with an
expanded selection of products and store hours that extend beyond the usual operating time of
sari-sari store owners. However, it is also revealed that sari-sari store owners are an important
demographic for the local arm of Procter & Gamble Co., given that, according to company
General Manager Shankar Viswanathan, sari-sari stores account for 40 to 45 percent of company
sales in the country.
According to the study of Malapit (2007), sari-sari stores were common in low- to
moderate-income neighborhoods. The common struggles faced by sari-sari stores were collection
of debts and insufficient funds due to lack of accounting. As a sales-generating tactic, sari-sari
stores give credit on products as well as credit extension. By asking money lenders to lend them
money, the business owners became debtors themselves which meant repaying the loaned sum of
5 with a 6% or 20% interest rate. Furthermore, the study identified the unique sari-sari store
model in which goods can be used as capital or as payment for credit. The research concludes
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that the primary reason that hinders survival and sustainability of the sari-sari stores were
inability to manage the sari-sari store.
In an article of Magkilat (2020), it is stated that micro retail sector emerged to be among
the most affected during pandemic despite sari-sari stores and carinderias (small eateries) being
exempted from total lockdown. It is also revealed that the Philippine Association of Stores and
Carinderia Owners (PASCO) conducted a survey which showed the need for a rehabilitation plan
that should include a range of intervention at different stages and types of businesses. Of total
268 sari-sari sore survey respondents, 24 percent have decided to continue closing their
businesses. Fifty-one percent of total 162 carinderias also decided to stop operating.
Related International Literature
According to Bartik et al (2020), businesses have a wide range of opinions about how
long the crisis will last. In total, 43 percent of businesses in the study have temporarily closed,
with almost all of these closures being caused by COVID-19. This study shows that many
micros, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have struggled to navigate the continuing crisis
in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The organizational and financial difficulties are
still causing concern, but they may also consider the needs of their staff, clients, vendors, and
immediate families. Due to the current global pandemic, sari-sari store owners are negatively
impacted; nevertheless, they must continue to work because they have a responsibility to fulfill.
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According to the study of Gano-an and Gempes (2020), there may be stories of failures
and crises in the entrepreneurial journey of women entrepreneurs, but stories of success and the
special privileges that they have outweighed them all. Instead of giving up to failures,
challenges, and difficulties, these obstacles framed them to have more faith in God, become
diligent and clever, and see life in the sphere of optimism. It is also revealed that women microentrepreneurs recognize the value of creating a strong foundation of business success, which is
the real and warmth connection between the seller and the buyer.
It is revealed in the study of Mehrotra et al (2020) that 58 percent of businesses
announced a decline in supply volume. In urban areas, this is more noticeable. Although most
businesses’ supply arrangements have remained unchanged, many of them still have to go to the
supplier’s shop to pick up their supplies. However, due to the restricted availability of public
transportation has proven difficult. Prior to COVID-19, owners were able to move their goods
without difficulty. Owing to the lack of public transportation, their goods can now only be
transported by the manufacturers.
It is stated by Fairlie (2020) that more permanent mass closures of small businesses
would almost certainly result in significant job losses, increased income inequality, and a
prolonged recession. Many small businesses are projected to close as a result of COVID-19’s
social distancing constraints and market changes. Additionally, in the researchers’ development
efforts, this study places a strong emphasis on the most disadvantaged member of the
community. The aim of this research is to depict human stories in order to raise awareness of
how disasters impact the most vulnerable people.
23
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According to the study of Mamabolo, Kerrin & Tele (2017), the entrepreneurship
management skills needed by entrepreneurs are financial management, human resource
management, start-up, social and interpersonal, leadership, personality, marketing, technical and
business management skills. These categories of skills were found to be consistent with the
existing literature but were more exhaustive and included new skills not identified in prior
literature.
It is revealed in the study of Saleem (2017) that all explanatory variables had significant
impact on profit and confirmed that all explanatory variables used in his model were very
important for success of business. He also suggested that government should provide
opportunities to businessmen for developing skill to promote their businesses. Higher general
education enabled businessmen understand the business world but due to lack of business
background they could not understand business world technically.
It is shown in the study of Phillipson et al (2004) how rural firms, households and
economics display resilience and serve to absorb the impacts of economic shock. This shock
absorption capacity was partly responsible for the low levels of formal unemployment and
business failure arising from the crisis. However, their paper suggests that this resilience has not
been without social or economic costs or implications for recovery.
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design and procedures used in the study. It explains the
different processes that the research went through specifically, research design, procedures, and
statistical treatment of the data that will be presented.
Research Design
The researchers made use of a quantitative descriptive analysis wherein they gather data
by the means of a descriptive approach. This methodology primarily focuses on describing the
nature of a demographic segment without focusing on “why” a particular phenomenon occurs.
The researchers used survey as an instrument in descriptive analysis. Survey is more frequently
used to collect descriptive data. It involves the use of standardized questionnaires or interviews
to collect data about people and their preferences, thoughts, behaviors in a systematic manner.
Survey is being used to indicate the average score and the variability of scores for the
sample. The study used the survey to identify the challenges of sari-sari stores amidst the
pandemic. It will also be used to determine ways on how they survived the challenges and how
well they have adapted to the pandemic.
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Population and Sampling
The population had to be determined by the researchers. The population of this study is
the sari-sari stores existing in La Trinidad Subdivision, Barangay Cabuco. In this study, the
sampling technique used is total population purposive sampling. A purposive sample is a nonprobability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the objective of
the study. With total population sampling a researcher chooses to examine the entire population
that has one or more shared characteristics.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study would be the sari-sari store owners with sari-sari stores
existing in La Trinidad Subdivision, Barangay Cabuco. They were given survey forms regarding
the challenges their sari-sari stores encountered during the pandemic and how they overcame it
all. The researchers’ has chosen their respondents through purposive sampling.
Research Instrument
A survey questionnaire was used as a tool in gathering data. Survey questionnaires are a
technique for gathering statistical information about attributes, attitudes, or actions of a
population by a structured set of questions. By using this type of research questionnaire, it will
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enable the researchers to have a deeper understanding in what challenges are the most common
among sari-sari stores amidst the pandemic and how they overcame it all.
Data Gathering Procedures
The researchers had allotted vigorous time, effort, and cooperation in making
questionnaire so as to serve its intended respondents. The survey was created using suitable
questions modified from related research and individual questions formed by the researchers.
1. Firstly, the researchers made a letter for the approval to conduct the study at La
Trinidad Subdivision, Barangay Cabuco. The researchers handed the request letter to
the principal as well as the respondents to serve as a confirmation that they have
agreed to participate in this study.
2. The researchers used the time allotted for vacant to avoid any distractions and
considered the time when the respondents are free.
3. After the subject adviser approved the questionnaire, copies had been distributed to
the selected sari-sari store owners. The respondents are given enough time to answer
the questionnaire to gather deeper insights based on the given questions.
4. After data had been gathered, researchers collected the survey questionnaire to gather
the information and to apply the statistics to be used in the study.
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5. Lastly, the data had been analyzed through the use of descriptive analysis.
Data Analysis
The descriptive analysis will be used for this study. It is used to define the fundamental
characteristics of data in a sample. Descriptive analysis is a technique for presenting quantitative
data in a manageable form. Simple summaries of the sample and the measurements of the given
data will be provided by the researchers.
Though descriptive analysis can be done in a number of different ways, the most
common method follows a five-step process:
1. Describe the size of the sample;
2. Describe the center of the data;
3. Describe the spread of the data;
4. Assess the shape and spread of the data distribution; and
5. Compare data from different groups.
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Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter summarizes the general findings on the challenges of sari-sari stores amidst
the pandemic.
Problem 1. What are the challenges of sari-sari stores in La Trinidad Subdivision,
Barangay Cabuco?
As presented in Table 1, 86.67% of the respondents affirmed that the pandemic affected
the needs of their sari-sari store. However, 53.33% of the respondents denied that they have
decided to close their store for a temporary time and giving up their business because of the
pandemic. The researchers also found out that 66.67% of the respondents affirmed that the profit
from their sari-sari store is enough to satisfy their personal needs, and the remaining 33.33%
gave a negative response. In addition, 60% of the respondents confirmed that they have
experienced profit loss as a result of the pandemic.
It is supported by study of Bartik et al (2020) which revealed that many micros, small,
and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have struggled to navigate the continuing crisis in the
aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, it is stated in an article of Magkilat (2020)
that the micro retail sector emerged to be among the most affected during pandemic despite sarisari stores and carinderias (small eateries) being exempted from total lockdown.
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Table 1
Challenges of Sari-Sari Stores during Pandemic
Questions
Did the pandemic affect the needs of your sari-sari store?
Yes
No
Total
13
2
15
(86.67%) (13.33%) (100%)
Is your profit from the sari-sari store enough to satisfy your
personal needs?
10
5
15
(66.67%) (33.33%) (100%)
Have you experienced a profit loss as a result of the pandemic?
Have you decided to close your store for a temporary time?
9
6
15
(60%)
(40%)
(100%)
7
8
15
(46.67%) (53.33%) (100%)
Did it enter your mind to give up your business because of the
pandemic?
7
8
15
(46.67%) (53.33%) (100%)
Problem 2. What are the ways on how they survived the challenges?
Table 2 presents the ways on how sari-sari stores survived the challenges during this
pandemic. 20% of the respondents have considered a loan to cover their expenses; on the other
hand, 80% of them did not use loans. 46.67% of the sari-sari store owners have focused on
knowing and fixing their cash situation, and 53.33% do not. During this pandemic, sari-sari
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stores have put essential products to attract customers to buy the products in their store and its
percentage is 86.67% and 53.33% having considered selling medical supplies.
The results show that sari-sari stores have their own ways to survive during this
pandemic, and most of them have similar solutions to the challenges. Just like Jubaida in an
article of International Committee of the Red Cross (2020), she thought of new ways of
promoting her small business by adding products that would be easily bought. In addition, her
sari-sari store has revived the situation by thinking of ways to be able to stabilize her business.
This article would give sari-sari store owners a chance to come up with a solution to their
challenges in different ways.
Table 2
Ways How Sari-Sari Stores Survived the Challenges
Questions
Yes
No
Total
Have you considered taking out a loan to cover some of your
3
12
15
(20%)
(80%)
(100%)
7
8
15
costs?
Other than focusing on your customers and products, did you
also focus on knowing and fixing your cash situation?
Does having essential products supplied to your store help in
attracting more customers?
(46.67%) (53.33%) (100%)
13
2
15
(86.67%) (13.33%) (100%)
Have you considered selling medical supplies during the
pandemic?
7
8
15
(46.67%) (53.33%) (100%)
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Do you have a strategy where you uniquely sell your products?
9
6
15
(60%)
(40%)
(100%)
Problem 3. How well did the sari-sari stores adapt to the pandemic?
It is presented in Table 3 that 0% of the respondents completely disagree to all of the
statements shown to them; in contrast, 66.67% of the respondents agree that they have adapted
well and changed their strategy during the pandemic. 73.33% of the respondents agree that they
try to think of solutions and strategies to survive the challenges the pandemic has caused to their
store, while only 6.67% disagreed. 60% of the respondents agreed that they have added products
necessary to the pandemic; however, 46.67% of the respondents disagreed that they take not of
whether their products are consumable and unique. The respondents are equally tied with
33.33% completely agreeing, agreeing, and disagreeing to having found many problems with
their sari-sari stores.
Table 3
How Sari-Sari Stores Adapted
Statements
Completely
Agree
Disagree
Agree
I have adapted well and
Completely
Total
Disagree
2
10
32
3
0
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changed my strategy during
(13.33%)
(66.67%)
(20%)
(0%)
(100%)
I take note of whether my
3
5
7
0
15
products are consumable and
(20%)
(0%)
(100%)
the pandemic.
(33.33%) (46.67%)
unique.
I
have
added
products
necessary in this pandemic,
1
9
5
0
15
(6.67%)
(60%)
(33.33%)
(0%)
(100%)
5
5
5
0
15
(0%)
(100%)
such as face masks and face
shields.
I find many problems with my
sari-sari store.
(33.33%)
I try to think of solutions and
strategies
to
survive
the
(33.33%) (33.33%)
3
11
1
0
15
(20%)
(73.33%)
(6.67%)
(0%)
(100%)
challenges the pandemic has
caused to my store.
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Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the
study.
SUMMARY
This research provides some insights into the challenges faced by sari-sari stores during
the pandemic. The objectives of this study are to look into numerous problems faced by sari-sari
stores during the pandemic and how they handled them using the three research questions given
below;
1. What are the challenges of sari-sari stores in La Trinidad Subdivision,
Barangay Cabuco?;
2. What are the ways on how they survived the challenges?; and
3. How well did the sari-sari stores adapt to the pandemic?
This was conducted to identify the various challenges that sari-sari store owners
experienced during the pandemic. The study employed quantitative descriptive analysis, in
which data was gathered using a descriptive methodology. The population of this study is the
existing sari-sari stores in La Trinidad Subdivision, Barangay Cabuco, even before the pandemic.
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The sampling approach employed in this study was purposive sampling. The sari-sari stores were
judged based on their common characteristics. A survey questionnaire was used as the data
collection instrument. This inquiry was conducted during the school year 2020-2021.
FINDINGS
Based on the analysis of the data gathered, the following findings are hereby presented:
1. Most of the respondents affirmed that the needs of their sari-sari stores have
been affected by the pandemic. In addition, majority of them gave a positive
response that the profit from their sari-sari store is enough to satisfy their
personal needs; however, they have experienced a profit loss as a result of the
pandemic.
2. Majority of the respondents gave a negative response to considering on taking
out a loan to cover some of their costs. Nearly half of them focused on
knowing and fixing their cash situation, other than concentrating solely on
their customers and products.
3. Nearly all of the respondents affirmed that having essential products supplied
to their store help in attracting customers; however, some of them didn’t
consider selling medical supplies during the pandemic. Most of the
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respondents also agreed that they have a strategy where they uniquely sell
their products.
4. Majority of the respondents agreed that they have adapted well and changed
their strategy during the pandemic. Additionally, most of them agreed that
they try to think of solutions and strategies to survive the challenges that the
pandemic has caused to their store.
5. More than half of the respondents agreed to have added products necessary in
the pandemic, such as medical face masks and face shields; however, almost
half of the respondents disagreed in taking note of whether their products are
consumable and unique.
6. The respondents are equally tied in completely agreeing, agreeing, and
disagreeing in finding many problems with their sari-sari stores.
CONCLUSIONS
Based from the findings presented, these conclusions were drawn:
1. Most of the respondents affirmed that the needs of their sari-sari stores have
been affected by the pandemic, but the profit from their sari-sari store is
enough to satisfy their personal needs.
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2. Majority of the respondents have a strategy where they uniquely sell essential
products which help in attracting customers; however, some of them didn’t
consider selling medical supplies during the pandemic.
3. Most of the respondents agreed that they have adapted well and changed their
strategy during the pandemic. Additionally, most of them agreed that they try
to think of solutions and strategies to survive the challenges that the pandemic
has caused to their store.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the conclusions drawn from the study, the following recommendations are
offered:
1. Sari-sari store owners must be able to make their own checklist of their
products and daily profit.
2. The sari-sari store owners must consider prioritizing the basic needs of the
customers.
3. Sari-sari store owners must ensure the quality and quantity of the products
they sell.
4. Owners must know how to plan the growth of their sari-sari store and be
knowledgeable to roll part of their earnings for capital expenditures.
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5. Sari-sari store owners can make slogans or notes to discourage customers
from taking goods without paying upfront.
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REFERENCES
Arceo-Dumlao, T. (2012). Sari-sari store owners get lift from Sun Life, Hapinoy.
https://business.inquirer.net/85796/sari-sari-store-owners-get-lift-from-sun-life-hapinoy
Asian Preparedness Partnership. (2020). Never too small for hope (sari-sari store).
https://app.adpc.net/ourstories/never-too-small-hope-part-i-sari-saristore?fbclid=IwAR13rPJrKn35d2fL304pwPdaAa-0pbMg2m5U0F7my27ZeZy3savr4ekoJb5M
Bartik, A.W., Bertrand, M., Cullen, Z., Glaeser, E.L., Luca, M., & Stanton, C. (2020). The
Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences. https://www.pnas.org/content/117/30/17656
Cahiles-Magkilat, B. (2020). Sari-sari stores, carinderias worst hit by pandemic.
https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/21/sari-sari-stores-carinderias-worst-hit-by-pandemic/
Canivel, R.S.C. (2017). Sari-sari stores gear up for greater competition.
https://business.inquirer.net/236575/sari-sari-stores-gear-greater-competition
Fairlie, R. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on small business owners: Evidence from the first 3
months after widespread social-distancing restrictions.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7461311/
Gano-an, J. & Gempes, G.P. (2020). The Success and Failures of Sari-Sari Stores: Exploring the
Minds of Women Micro-Entrepreneurs.
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343702379_The_Success_and_Failures_of_SariSari_Stores_Exploring_the_Minds_of_Women_Micro-Entrepreneurs
International Committee of the Red Cross. (2020). Philippines: How Jubaida revived her small
business. https://www.icrc.org/en/document/philippines-how-jubaida-revived-her-smallbusiness#:~:text=Jubaida%20used%20part%20of%20the,a%20hit%20with%20her%20customer
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Lumasag, A. (2020). Tita Carms: Life as a sari-sari store owner during coronavirus outbreak.
https://r3.rappler.com/move-ph/261629-life-sari-sari-store-owner-coronavirus-outbreak
Malapit, H.J. (2007). The Filipino Sari-Sari Store.
https://aer.ph/pdf/papers/FilipinoSariSariStore_draft_HMalapit.pdf
Mamabolo, M.A., Kerrin, M., & Kele, T. (2017). Entrepreneurship management skills
requirements in an emerging economy: A South African outlook.
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Mehrotra, A., Gayatri, Cepe, L., Srivastava, M., Narain, N., & Mishra, S. (2020). Impact of
COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs).
https://www.microsave.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Impact-of-COVID-19-on-Micro-smalland-Medium-Enterprises-MSMEs-1.pdf
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Phillipson, J., Bennett, K., Lowe, P., & Raley, M. (2004). Adaptive responses and asset
strategies: the experience of rural micro-firms and Foot and Mouth Disease.
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Pinoy Negosyo. (2019). 9 Keys To Your Sari Sari Store Business Success.
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Saleem, M.A. (2017). The impact of socio-economic factors on small business success.
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LETTER FOR DATA GATHERING
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APPENDIX B
LETTER TO INSTRUMENT VALIDATORS
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APPENDIX C
LETTER TO RESPONDENTS
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APPENDIX D
LETTER TO THE CRITIC
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APPENDIX E
SUMMARY OF SUGGESTIONS FOR INSTRUMENT VALIDATION
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APPENDIX F
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
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APPENDIX G
QUESTIONNAIRE MATRIX
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APPENDIX H
ABOUT THE RESEARCHERS
Fortune Mari V. Arriola is a Senior High School student in Dei
Gracia Academy, Inc. of Trece Martires City, Cavite. She was
born on June 12, 2003 in Las Piñas City, Manila, and then her
family later moved to Trece Martires City, Cavite. She studied in
Dei Gracia Academy, Inc. from pre-school up until senior high school. She is currently
taking up the strand Accountancy, Business, and Management.
Princess Mae Rosa is a Senior High School student in Dei Gracia
Academy, Inc of Trece Martires City, Cavite. She was born on
May 03, 2003 in Tacloban, Leyte, and is presently living in Trece
Martires City, Cavite. In elementary, she studied in Kanggahan
Elementary School. Then, she studied in Trece Martires City National High School
Cabuco Annex by the time she was moved up to junior high school. She is taking up the
strand Accountancy, Business, and Management in Dei Gracia Academy, Inc.
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Allyssa Mae R. Mahinay is a Senior High School student in Dei
Gracia Academy, Inc. of Trece Martires City. She was born on
August 21, 2002 and is currently residing in Trece Martires City.
During elementary, she studied in Del Monte Central School. She
then moved to and graduated in Del Monte National High School. She also received
awards during her junior high school from joining clubs and from other events in their
school. She is presently taking up the strand Accountancy, Business and Management.
Darlenne Jeanne B. Atas is a Senior High School student in Dei
Gracia Academy, Inc of Trece Martires City, Cavite. She was born
on November 30, 2003 in General Emilio Aguinaldo and is a
resident of Trece Martires City. She studied elementary in
Kanggahan Elementary School, then transferred to Trece Martires City National Cabuco
Annex-Extension in junior high school. She is currently a 12th grade student taking up the
Accountancy, Business, and Management strand.
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John Aron R. Romen is a Senior High School student in Dei
Gracia Academy, Inc of Trece Martires City, Cavite. He was born
on October 22, 2001 and is residing in Trece Martires City. He
studied in Pajo Elementary School during elementary and went to
Trece Martires City National Cabuco Annex-Extension during junior high school. He is
currently taking up the strand Accountancy, Business, and Management in Dei Gracia
Academy, Inc.
Kurt Dustin M. Cantillano is a Senior High School student in Dei
Gracia Academy, Inc. of Trece Martires City, Cavite. He was born
on October 25, 2002 in Pasay City General Hospital, and is
presently living in Trece Martires City, Cavite. In elementary, he
studied in Trece Martires City Elementary School. Then, he studied in Trece Martires
City National High School by the time he was moved up to junior high school. He is
taking up the strand Accountancy, Business, and Management.
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APPENDIX I
DEED OF DECLARATION
We – Fortune Mari V. Arriola, Princess Mae Rosa, Allyssa Mae R. Mahinay, Darlenne
Jeanne B. Atas, John Aron R. Romen, and Kurt Dustin M. Cantillano – hereby submit our
research entitled “The Challenges of Sari-Sari Stores amidst the Pandemic.” We truthfully
declare that it is a product of our original research investigation.
Signed this _____ day of __________, 2021 at Dei Gracia Academy, Inc. – Barangay
Cabuco, City of Trece Martires, Cavite, Philippines.
FORTUNE MARI V. ARRIOLA
PRINCESS MAE ROSA
ALLYSSA MAE R. MAHINAY
DARLENNE JEANNE B. ATAS
JOHN ARON R. ROMEN
KURT DUSTIN M. CANTILLANO
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