L. Vannamei Broodstock
Shrimp Insights # 01 (2020)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
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ADG: Average Daily Gain
APE: All Pathogens Exposed
APHNS: Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome
BAP: Best Aquaculture Practices
BMC: Broodstock multiplication center
EMS: Early Mortality Syndrome
F0 Broodstock: Parent Broodstock
F1 Broodstock: First generation Broodstock
F2 Broodstock: Second generation Broodstock
HS Code: Harmonised system code
IHHNV: Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus
NBC: Nucleus Breeding Center
MT: Metric Ton
OIE: World Organisation for Animal Health (Formerly Office International des Epizooties)
PL: Post-Larvae
PPL: Parent Post-Larvae
PBS: Parent Broodstock
RAS: Recirculating Aquaculture System
SPF: Specific Pathogen Free
SPR: Specific Pathogen Resistant
SPT: Specific Pathogen Tolerant
TSV: Taura Syndrome Virus
WSSV: White Spot Syndrome Virus
LVBS: Litopenaeus Vannamei Broodstock
OI: Oceanic Institute (Hawaii, USA)
KEY OBSERVATIONS
1. 2019: 1.7 million LVBS are sold @ $55 totaled of $94m
2. Importers of SPF LVBS are concentrated in Asia (China, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam)
3. Exporters of SPF LV BS are concentrated in USA (Hawaii, Florida, Texas) and Thailand
4. Top 5 exporter companies are American Penaeid Inc. (API), Shrimp Improvement Systems
(SIS), Kona Bay Shrimp (Kona Bay), CP Foods (CPF) and SyAqua
5. Companies who run NBCs in the US and Mexico have local BMCs or hatcheries in Asia.
6. Breeding Segment: more consolidation and genetics is often in the hands of only a few
players
7. Hatchery Segment: more consolidation and integration of farming and processing.
8. Processing companies & feed manufacturers: integrating hatcheries into their supply
chains
9. Companies offer 2 lines to their clients focusing on growth or disease tolerance.
10. Companies also offer specialized lines such as LVBS that perform well in higher/lower
densities, or that perform well in higher/lower salinity.
THE BROODSTOCK SUPPLY CHAIN
1. NBC: Produce 1st generation F0 of PBS to BMC
2. BMC: Use F0 PBS to produce 2nd generation F1 of BS to Hatcheries (HAT)
3. Hatchery: Use F1 BS to produce 3rd generation F2 of PL to Farms (FAR)
4. Farm: Some farmers use F2 PL to produce 4th generation F3 of BS (not recommended)
5. F3 Problems : performance is not as robust as the F2 PL due to the risks of inbreeding
and SPF status is not maintained.
F2
FO
NBC
BMC
HAT
F1
FAR
FF3
INCREASE BIOSECURITY THROUGH ZERO-WATER EXCHANGE PROTOCOL
1. Indoor installation to minimize the impact of environmental and meteorological variables
2. Tank 500x1.2m, disinfect from pathogens and bacterial biofilm
3. No water was added or exchanged for the entire production cycle
4. Aeration with 1” aero-tube diffusers connected to root blowers
5. Tanks are stocked with selected genetic line PL10 at density of 250 PL/m2
6. Feed (crumble) 40% CP until 1g, the 24/24h automated feeding
7. Feed supplement is used as immunostimulant to improve the shrimp’s resistance against
environmental stress (density)
8. Probiotic products were used to achieve bacterial competitive exclusion of Vibrio spp
9. Probiotic are used as water conditioning as feed coating (improve shrimp gut bacterial
ecology)
NAMES AND CLAIMS IN BROODSTOCK TRADE
SPF Broodstock:
Shrimp BS are named SPF if they come from a population that has tested negative for all
the specific pathogens listed by the OIE for at least 24 months (most from Hawaii &
Thailand)
List of the pathogens (animals free from) should always accompany the broodstock when
sold. “SPF” refers exclusively to the health status of a shrimp stock (not more resistant to
more tolerant)
APE Broodstock:
Shrimp BS are named APE if they are strong performers and selected from several
successive generations under non–biosecure farming conditions
Cleansed SPF (CSPF):
Shrimp BS are named reversed or Cleansed SPF if they are issued from APE animals by
using continues screening to select individuals that are shown to be free from the OEI
pathogens list for at least 24 months period.
SPR / SPT Broodstock:
They do not refer to the health status of shrimp broodstock but to the way the shrimp
deal with the pathogens (more about shrimp genetics, contrary to SPF)
SPR: more ability to prevent an unwanted entity from entering the body
SPT: more ability to live with the unwanted entity if entered.
If a line is marketed as SPR or SPT, the pathogens that these animals are resistant to or
tolerant of should be listed when sold.
SPF L. VANNAMEI BROODSTOCK: A SHORT HISTORY
1. Wild shrimp in Captivity (1975): USA rearing L. Vannamei in captivity (native East Pacific)
2. US Response to IHHNV (1988): USA develop SPF LV Broodstock (Jim Wyban, OI, Hawaii)
3. Asia Response to WSSV (1996): Switch from Monodon (native to West Pacific) to SPF LV
4. Latin America Response to WSSV (1999): Ecuador develop APE Broodstock
5. CSPF (2012): Pescanova company (Spain) develop CSPF from APE broodstock
6. Shrimp Genetics : Genetics will play major role in developing new lines in the future
(growth, tolerance, salinity, density…)