SHS
Core Subject:
Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 1 - Module 2
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL, Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 2
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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad
Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
Development Team of the Module
Writers:
Arlene A. Brojan
Karen R. Albalate
Bacong NHS
Bacong NHS
Editors:
Delia V. Mendoza, Ph.D.
Leo Irwin C. Lindio
Iris R. Paz
Romeo B. Lorico
Rachel R. Baltazar
EPS – AP, SDO Ligao
Principal II, Paulba NHS
Principal I, Barayong NHS
MT II, Ligao NHS
MT II, Ligao West Central ES (P)
Layout Artist: Daryl S. Prepotente
IT Teacher, DPPMHS
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Lesson 1: Social Change
Introduction:
Social change is a concept many of us take for granted or don't really even
understand. Sociologists define social change as changes in human interactions and
relationships that transform cultural and social institutions. These changes occur
over time and often have profound and long-term consequences for society.
Objectives:
Are you now ready to start your learning journey in this course? Great! Let’s
take a look at the Most Essential Learning Competency and the specific task that
you need to accomplish in this lesson.
Most Essential Learning Competency: Analyze the concept, aspects, and
changes in/of culture and society.
This lesson provides various activities and discussions for you to articulate the
nature of sociology, its goals and perspectives. Specifically, you are expected to:
1. Analyze the types and causes of social change in a given society.
2. Cite causes and examples of human adaptation to social change to
society.
3. Differentiate social change from culture lag.
Vocabulary List:
Social change- is way human interactions and relationships transform
cultural and social institutions over time and having a profound impact of society.
Sociologists define social change as changes in human interactions and
relationships that transform cultural and social institutions
Culture lag- The period of time between the introduction of new technological
developments (material culture) into a culture or society and the acceptance of the
developments by legal and moral institutions (non-material culture) in a culture or
society. The time it takes for culture to catch up to innovations in technology.
Pre Test
LET’S TRY IT!
Directions: Write YES on the blank if the conclusion is correct and NO if the
statement is wrong. Do this in your notebook.
______1.Now that we are facing a pandemic and it has brought a lot of changes
there is a need for everyone to adjust and adapt to the situations
______2. Social change does not generate controversy.
______3.The physical environment does not by itself cause social or culture change.
______4. Peoples’ movement, population growth and globalization are reasons for
social change.
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______5. Social change may also come in the form of technology, economics and
politics.
Learning Activities
 What is Social Change?
Social change is the transformation of culture and social
organization/structure over time. In the modern world, we are aware that society is
never static, and that social, political, economic and cultural changes occur
constantly. There are a whole range of classic theories and research methods
available in sociology along the study of social change.
There are four main characteristics of social change (Macionis 1996):
 It happens everywhere, but the rate of change varies from place to
place.
For example, the United States and other developed countries would experience
faster change, than a third world country that has limited access to technology and
information.
 Social change is sometimes intentional but often unplanned.
For example, when the airplane was invented, people knew that this would increase
the speed of travel. However, it was probably not realized how this invention would
affect society in the future. Families are spread throughout the country, because it is
easier to return for visits. Companies are able to expand worldwide thanks to air
travel. The numerous crashes and deaths related to airplanes was not predicted
either.
 Social change often generates controversy.
For example, the move over the recent years to accept homosexual rights has
caused controversy involving the military, religion and society as a whole.
 Some changes matter more than others do.
For example, the invention of personal computers was more important than dolls or
other toys. Societies change just as people do. The change we see in people is often
very obvious, as when they have a growth spurt during adolescence, lose weight on
a diet, or buy new clothes or get a new hairstyle. The change we see in society is
usually more gradual. Unless it is from a natural disaster like an earthquake or from
a political revolution, social change is usually noticeable only months or years after it
began.
Types and Sources of Social Change
Social change refers to the transformation of culture, behavior, social
institutions and social structure over time. We are familiar from earlier chapters with
the basic types of society: hunting and gathering, horticultural and pastoral,
agricultural, industrial and postindustrial. In looking at all of these societies, we have
seen how they differ in such dimensions as size, technology, economy, inequality,
and gender roles.
We have commented that population growth is an important source of other
changes in society. A generation ago, population growth was a major issue in the
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United States and some other nations. Zero population growth, or ZPG, was a
slogan often heard. There was much concern over the rapidly growing population in
the United States and, especially, around the world, and there was fear that our
“small planet” could not support massive increases in the number of people.
Cities became more numerous and much larger during industrialization as
people moved to be near factories and other sites of industrial production. An
important aspect of social change and population growth over the centuries has
been urbanization, or the rise and growth of cities. Urbanization has had important
consequences for many aspects of social, political and economic life.
Social movements in other nations have been great forces for social change.
At the same time, governments and other opponents have often tried to thwart the
movements’ efforts. To understand how and why social change happens, we have to
understand why movements begin, how they succeed and fail and what impact they
may have.
Major change is triggered when people face a significant discrepancy
between what they expected and what actually happens during change. People
adjust to change, not by learning to like what is taking place, but by forming new
expectations that can lead to success under the new conditions. Cultural
adaptation is the process and the time it takes a person to integrate into a new
culture and feel comfortable within it. A person in this position may encounter a wide
array of emotions that the theory describes in four different stages. This includes the
honeymoon, culture shock, recovery, and adjustment stages.
What then is Culture Lag?
The term cultural lag according to Willam F. Ogburn, it is used to describe the
situation in which technological advancements or changes in society occur faster
than the changes in the rules and norms of the culture that go along with those
advancements or changes. This can lead to moral and ethical dilemmas for
individuals as the new social norms are developed.
Furthermore, the theory of Maclver, speaks of technological lag that the
culture of any society consists of a pattern of interrelated elements. We can easily
see that all aspects of a culture will not change at the same rate at the same time.
Hence, a change in any one part of the cultural pattern may create strains and
disturbances in the other closely related parts.
Adjustments between these parts will have to be made eventually to restore
harmony. But there will naturally be a time lag before harmony is restored. This is
known as cultural lag. In modern societies, it is technological change that sets the
pace. According to Ogburn, “technological progress produces rapid changes in the
material aspects of our culture, but the non-material aspects fail to adjust or they do
so only after an excessive time lag. As a result, many troublesome social problems
are created. For example, automobile was introduced long before we could
sufficiently broaden our streets, which were suitable for horse-drawn carriages, and
enforce strictly traffic rules in order to avoid motor accidents. There is, thus, a gap
between the material aspects of a culture, represented by the automobile, and the
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non-material aspects, represented by broader streets and appropriate traffic rules.
The above illustrations indicate that cultural lag appears when technological
innovations move faster than social innovations. But many instances may be cited in
which the leading factor of social change, which leads to cultural lag, has been
political or social-psychological aspects. Thus, a country may adopt parliamentary
form of democracy as an instrument of political action.
Life has also been transformed by invention with the radio, TV, automobiles,
airplanes, rockets, transistors, and computer. While this has been happening in
material culture, change in government, economic system, family life, education and
religion seems to have been much slower. This difference in rates of cultural change
led William F. Ogburn to formulate the concept of culture lag. Material inventions, he
believed bring changes that require adjustments in various areas of non-material
culture.
Are you done reading the lesson? If so, try answering the activities below to
check if you really understood the lesson. Make sure to get a passing score in order
to move to the next activity. Are you ready? Let’s go!
Practice Task 1
Directions: Answer the following questions in your notebook.
1. As a student, how do you define social change based on what you observe in
our society? Give example.
2. How does change affect peoples’ lives?
Practice Task 2
Directions: Look at the picture below. Identify the social changes that you can see in
the picture. Write your answer in your notebook.
Practice Task 3
Directions: Observe your community and list the good effects of social change that
you observe. Do this in your notebook.
Post Test
Directions: State if the following is TRUE or FALSE. Do this in your notebook.
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_______1.Cultural adaptation is the process and time it takes a person to integrate
into a new culture and feel comfortable within it.
_______2.Social change takes place in one place and is continuous.
_______3. There are four characteristics of social change.
_______4. Culture lag was conceptualized by William F. Ogburn.
_______5. Like people, societies change.
_______6.Social change can lead to social movements and other environmental
damages.
_______7. Population growth is an important source/cause of other changes in
society.
_______8. Culture lag is also referred to as technological advancements or changes
in society that occurs faster than the changes in the rules and norms of culture.
______9. Can you consider the new normal in our educational system as a form of
cultural adaptation?
_______10. Social change may be planned or unplanned.
Congratulations! I hope you have learned something new today. Keep going until
you reach the end of this course.
Assignment
Answer the following and write your answers in your notebook.
1. Prove that culture lag may lead to culture shock.
2. In your own community, cite examples of social change along culture like
traditions, beliefs or practices.
3. During this trying time, now that we are facing a pandemic, how do you adjust
and adapt to the situation?
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Lesson 2: The Role of Individual in Social Change &
Inclusive Sustainable Development
INTRODUCTION
What makes up a person's personality? It includes temperament, attitude,
thoughts, beliefs, behavior, and character. Your personality is unique, and it is what
other people see when they interact with you. The way people communicate reflects
their thoughts, beliefs, and personality. The fact that an individual is unique assures
him a special place and special worth in his own society. It is precisely because he is
different that makes it possible for him to make contributions to the welfare of others,
and to develop anything that could be called a society.
OBJECTIVES
Analyze the concept, aspects and changes in/of culture and society.
1. Analyze the factors that make an individual a unique social being.
2. Identify the roles/responsibilities of an individual in bringing about social
change.
3. Appreciate the individual’s task/role in achieving sustainable and inclusive
development in society.
VOCABULARY LIST
Inclusive development - is a development that includes. marginalized
people, sectors and countries in social, political and economic processes for
increased human. well-being, social and environmental sustainability
Sustainable Development - is the idea that human societies must live and
meet their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
Role- in Sociology, these are the rights, obligations and expected behavior
patterns associated with a particular social status.
PRE-TEST
Direction: FACT OR BLUFF. Write FACT if the statement is true and BLUFF if it is
not.
_____1. Man is a social being.
______2. Through social contract man was able to establish relationship with
others in the society.
_____3. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), were adopted by all UN
members as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure
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that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
______4. Gender equality is not one of the goals of the United Nation’s
Sustainable Development Goals.
______5. Inclusive means engaging the marginalized people in the society’s
activities.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Man is a social animal and that, he loves to live in society with other human
beings, is a general conception about his basic behavioral pattern. Almost all
sociological thinkers agree that there is a very close relation between the individual
and the society. Whether any particular individual could have been nurtured under
conditions in which there did not exist any society is a different question; but the fact
remains that without a social environment, be it his home, his community or his state,
no stability would be brought to his status as an individual. One would almost
conclude from the foregoing statement that the individual is a product of society.
Every individual is important and equally liable to some roles and
responsibilities when living in a cultured society. We have heard the fact a lot of time
since our childhood that man is a social animal. The existence of man is futile
without society, and hence society was built. The basic responsibilities of an
individual are to manifest respect, cooperation and participation in society by
engaging themselves in relevant activities directed to responding to social issues
and bringing about positive social change. Social change is the way human
interactions and relationships transform cultural and social institutions over time,
having a profound impact of society. Relationships have changed, institutions have
changed, and cultural norms have changed as a result of these social change
movements. In the end, one must know that he or she is an integral part of a
society’s well-being.
The Individual’s Task/Role in Achieving Inclusive Sustainable Development to
Society
As primary agents of development and the ultimate beneficiaries of the
sustainable development goals, citizens have a pivotal role to play not only in terms
of the effort and action towards the achievement of the goals but also in terms of the
associated monitoring of the progress towards these goals.
Sustainable development is the idea that human societies must live and
meet their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs. Inclusive development is a development that includes marginalized
people, sectors and countries in social, political and economic processes for
increased human well-being, social and environmental sustainability. In 2012, the
UN member states came together in Rio de Janeiro for the purpose of creating a
new global agenda for sustainable development. They agreed, in a document called
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“The Future We Want,” to create a set of goals that would build on the success of
the Millennium Development Goals, or “MDGs” — a set of 8 objectives that guided
countries and the UN from 2000 through 2015 in the battle against poverty.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global
Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal
call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people
enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. In September 2015, the General Assembly
adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that includes 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Building on the principle of “leaving no
one behind”, the new Agenda emphasizes a holistic approach to achieving
sustainable development for all. The SDGs also explicitly include disability and
persons with disabilities.
The new goals would have to be universal, integrated, and transformative.
The new Sustainable Development Goals, or SDGs, would cover all nations. And
they would cover the whole sustainability agenda: poverty, human development,
the environment, and social justice. The United Nations was given the task of
developing these new goals - three years of countless meetings and consultations,
ultimately involving the participation of hundreds of thousands of people. On August
2, 2015, the long process of consultation and negotiation came to a stunningly
successful conclusion. On that day, in a large conference room at UN headquarters,
all the world’s nations came to a consensus on a document called “Transforming
Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.”
The 2030 Agenda was formally adopted on September 25, 2015, at a UN
Summit attended by over 150 heads of state. It includes the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals, supported by 169 specific targets (several targets under each
Goal). The 2030 Agenda also includes recommendations on how nations should
proceed in the implementation of the goals.
The 2030 Agenda marks the first time in human history that the nations of the
world have come to agreement on a comprehensive vision, with clear goals and
targets, for the development of our civilization on planet Earth. One of the key
recommendations in “Transforming Our World” basically boils down to this: involve
everybody. Governments, businesses, communities, education—everyone has a role
to play in making the SDGs a reality.
The 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world:
GOAL 1: No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
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GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water
GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
GOAL 17 Partnership that will Achieve the Goals
How can you help promote inclusive sustainable development?
As a member of the society, you can do something to promote inclusive
sustainability development. The following are simple examples you can share in
promoting inclusive sustainable development: recycle; make informed choices; grow
your own garden; minimize waste; pay your utility bills; purchase energy efficient
appliances; compost kitchen waste and carpool or use public transportation more
often and many more.
Are you done reading the lesson? If so, try answering the activities below to
check if you really understood the lesson. Make sure to get a passing score in order
to move to the next activity. Are you ready? Let’s go!
Practice Task 1.
Directions: Picture-Analysis. Analyze the picture and what does it tells us? Based
on your readings, cite at least two concepts that you have learned. Write your
answers in your notebook.
Practice Test 2.
Directions. Give your opinion/s on the following situations. How are you
going to show appreciation for the things in the society where you live in?
A. As a SHS student, how can you be of help in bringing inclusive sustainable
development in your: home, school and barangay.
B. What makes you a unique individual? How do you differ from other members
of the group you belong?
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Post Test.
Directions. Let’s do TIK-TOK. Write TIK if the statement is true and TOK if it is
false. Do this in your notebook.
_____1. By following the Solid Waste Management policies in your community, it is
also a way of promoting sustainable social change in the community.
_____2. Societal norms must be respected and abided by all people living in a
society.
_____3. Development must not only sustain the present generation but also
compromise the future of the world they live.
_____4. The marginalized group includes the poorest of the poor.
_____5. Every individual is an integral part of society.
_____6. The basic responsibilities of an individual are respect, cooperation and
participation.
_____7. Man is a social animal and his existence is futile without society.
_____8. Hobbies certainly define a person.
_____9. The aim of the SDGs is to transform the world.
_____10. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is also known as the Global
Goals.
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ANSWER KEY
Lesson 1
ACTIVITY 1. LET’S TRY IT!
1. Yes
2. No
3. No
4. Yes
5. Yes
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
TASK 3: TRUE or FALSE
1. True
False
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
Rubrics for Essay:
CRITERIA
The entry relates entirely to the assigned topic or question.
The information conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic or
question.
The entry is written following the conversations of good writing and proper
grammar.
The information is original and does not contain plagiarized content.
RATING
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4
5
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5
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Lesson 2
Pre-test: 1. Fact
2. Fact
3. Fact 4. Bluff 5. Fact
Practice Task 1 and 2
Rubrics:
CRITERIA
The entry relates entirely to the assigned topic or question.
The information conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic or
question.
The entry is written following the conversations of good writing and proper
grammar.
The information is original and does not contain plagiarized content.
Post Test
1. TIK
6. TIK
2. TIK
7. TIK
3. TOK
8. TOK
4. TIK
9. TIK
5. TIK
10. TIK
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RATING
1
2
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5
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5
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5
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REFERENCES
Lesson 1
https://study.com/academy
https://www.google.com/search?ei=fPa3Xr65I66zmAWawICoCw&q=images+of+teenager+c
artoons
https://www.google.com/search?q=images+of+causes+of+social+change
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/studyguides/sociology/social-change-and
movements/social- change
https://www.google.com/search?source=univ&tbm=isch&q=effects+of+social+change+in+so
ciety
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/rahulmandal18/social-chane-75302438
https://www.slideshare.net/AdrianChristianBulgar/chapter21socialchange
https://www.google.com/search?ei=BCO0XvnUKomR0QSN7JTwAg&q=effect+of+social+ch
ange
UCSP LM p.8-9
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/30014436_Effects_of_Social_Change on Individual
Development
https://www.google.com/search?q=social+change+meaning&oq=social+change&aqs=chrom
e.3.69i59j69i57j0l6.5893j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://sociologydictionary.org/culture-lag
http://worldanimal.net/documents/2_Social_Change_Introduction.
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/Book%3A_Sociology_(Barkan)/14%3A
_Social_Change_Population%2C_Urbanization%2C_and_Social_Movements
https://www.google.com/search?q=Introduction+to+culture+lag&ei=AWxoX5uMCJf6wAPN9J
jACw&start=10&sa=N&ved=2ahUKEwjbkJHQ8fnrAhUXPXAKHU06BrgQ8tM DegQIBRAs&biw
Lesson 2
https://www.google.com/search?q=role+define&oq=role+define&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l7.640
9j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.aconsciousrethink.com/10341/10-things-that-make-a-person-unique
https://www.esconarena.com/misstiptop/basic-roles-and-responsibilities-of-a-person-livingin-a-cultured-society
https://www.google.com/search?q=sustainable+development+in+sociology+meaning&oq=su
stainable+development+in+sociology+meaning&aqs=chrome..69i57j0.16423j0j7&sourceid=c
hro
https://www.sociologydiscussion.com/society/man-as-a-social-animal/2419
https://www.google.com/search?q=sdg+history&oq=SDG+history&aqs=chrome.0.0l6.5879j0j
7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
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