PTAP130: Week 11 Guided Notes
W22
Cerebral Palsy
1. CP is a non-progressive movement disorder that results from _______________
________________, most often ________________________ (prenatal or peri/postnatal).
2. The most common presentation of muscle tone with CP is _________________________.
3. List 3 characteristics of the clinical presentation of CP:
a. _______________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________________
4. List 3 types of pharmacological agents that may be indicated for patients with CP:
a. Drug Class: ____________________________________________
b. Drug Class: ____________________________________________
c. Drug Class: ____________________________________________
Epilepsy
1. Chronic CNS disorder characterized by ____________________ ____________________ due to
abnormal neuronal activity within the brain.
2. Label each definition with its respective type of generalized seizure. Word bank: absence; tonicclonic; myoclonic; tonic; atonic; clonic

_______________________________________: brief seizures that cause a sudden loss
muscle tone and the person often falls to the ground or will have a sudden head nod if
sitting.
 _______________________________________: Can occur when a person is asleep or
awake and involves a brief stiffening of the body, arms or legs. The person will
suddenly fall if standing or sitting.
 ______________________________________: the body stiffens (the tonic phase) and
then the limbs begin to jerk rhythmically (the clonic phase)
 _______________________________________: sudden lapse in awareness and
responsiveness that look like brief staring spells or daydreaming
 _______________________________________: sudden single jerks of a muscle or a
group of muscles that may last no more than a second or two
 _______________________________________: although uncommon they cause
jerking in various parts of the body
3. List 3 potential triggers of a seizure:
a. ________________________________________
b. _________________________________________
c. _________________________________________
4. What is one precaution for exercise with someone with a known history of epilepsy?
Down Syndrome (aka Trisomy 21)
1. Down syndrome is caused by an abnormality in ____________________________, which
can be detected as early as ________________________________.
2. Characteristics of Down syndrome include:
a. ________________ tone (high or low?)
b. Ligamentous _____________________
c. Distinct facial features
d. Intellectual _______________________
e. Developmental ____________________
3. List 3 potential complications of Down syndrome:
a. ____________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
4. Focus of physical therapy with Down syndrome patients includes teaching
______________________________________________________________ at a level that is
consistent with the patient’s intellectual ability.
Alzheimer’s Disease
1. Alzheimer’s is a type of ______________________________
2. The disease process of Alzheimer’s includes:
a. Decreased ___________________________________ (name the neurotransmitter)
b. Formation of _________________________________ within the cytoplasm and
________________________ _________________________, which contain
fragmented axons, altered glial cells, and cellular waste that result in an inflammatory
response that causes further damage to brain tissue.
c. Cerebral ______________________________
3. The primary drug class used to treat Alzheimer’s is ______________________________
_______________________________________, which are designed to increase levels of Ach
4. In Alzheimer’s patients, movement has been shown to
a. _maintain_______________________________________; and
b. _slow_____________________________________________
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (aka acute polyneuropathy)
1. GBS is an autoimmune response characterized by temporary inflammation and demyelination of
_______________________ nerves and typically follows _____________________________.
2. Clinical presentation of GBS includes distal symmetrical _______________
_______________________ and mild distal sensory impairment. Weakness will progress from
________________________________________ (distalproximal OR proximaldistal).
3. Pharmacology for GBS includes _______________________________________ and
______________________________________. Corticosteroids, however, are typically
____________________________________________.
4. An important consideration for physical therapy intervention in the acute stage is
______________________________________________________________________.