Study Guide for Quiz 2 Exam 2 will cover chapter 3 and Chapter 4. Everyone is expected to study and understand the textbook and class notes thoroughly. It will be helpful to study and understand the homework problems that have been assigned and review and practice questions at the end of each chapter in the textbook. Please use the following questions as a study guide for preparing exam. Exam questions will be many multiples choices (about 70%), and some essay-type of questions, as well as problem-solving questions (30%). Chapter 3: The Transport Layer • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • What is the main service of the transport layer? What is the relationship between the transport layer and the network layer? What is meant by the term "best-effort delivery"? Why does the transport layer protocol need demultiplexing/multiplexing? How do they work? What is meant by the term "reliable data transfer"? What services are provided by the Internet's transport layer? What services does UDP provide? What types of applications are best suited for UDP? What services does TCP provide? What types of applications are best suited for TCP? What popular Internet applications require TCP? Why? What popular Internet applications require UDP? Why? What is a checksum? How is it used? How does UDP compute a checksum? Be familiar with all steps to build a reliable data transfer protocol from an unreliable data transfer protocol (from rdt 1.0 to rdt 3.0). What is the difference between an ACK and a NAK? Understand the operation of the Alternating-bit-control (stop-and-wait protocol), GBN (GoBack-N), and SR (Selective-Repeat). How does the protocol handle duplicate packets? Clearly understand table 3.1 What is the role of the timeout interval? How is the timeout interval determined? Cleary understand table 3.2 What is meant by "three-way-handshake"? Be familiar with the TCP segment structure. Why are sequence numbers and acknowledgment numbers important to TCP? What is "Round-Trip Time"? Why is it important? How can we get the appropriate RTT? How does TCP create a reliable data transfer service over IP's unreliable best-effort service? How does TCP provide a "flow control" service? Understand the TCP connection management services • • • • • • What is a "TCP congestion control"? Why does congestion occur? How can it be detected? How can TCP control/avoid congestion? Understand the types of congestion control schemes. Understand all three congestion schemes: AIMD, TCP slow start, and Fast Recovery, TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno Is the TCP congestion control fair to applications? Understand the TCP delay modeling: minimum delay latency, static congestion window case, and dynamic congestion window control case -- You don't have to remember all formulas, but you have to understand the meaning of each equation Refer Figure 3.51 What is QUIC, and how is it different from TCP? Chapter 4: The Network Layer: Data Plane • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • What are the three main functions of a network layer? What are the differences between Data Plane and Control Plane? What are the two most crucial network layer functions in a datagram network? Clear Understanding of the differences between Traditional and SDN in the network layer. Understand the inside of routers Why/When can packets be lost at output ports at a router? Where do all queuing delays happen, and Why? Any remedies for queuing delays? What are the differences between routing and forwarding? What is the longest prefix matching rule? How does it work? What are the three types of switch fabrics discussed in Section 4.2? Identify the IPv4 datagram format What is the difference between fragmentation and encapsulation in IPv4? Which is more desirable? What is IP? How are IP addresses (IPv4) organized? What is class-full IPv4 addressing? What were the problems of using class-full IPv4 addressing? What is subnetting (in IPv4)? Why was it created? What are the benefits of sub-netting? What is a subnet mask? Master how to create subnets. What is CIDR, and why was it created? How to get an IPv4 address for an interface? Understand how DHCP works. How does NAT work? Why was IPv6 created? How is v6 different from v4? What are the advantages of using IPv6? What are the current three techniques for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6?
