April, 22 (5th - 8th)
Grade: 7, 8
Topic: Grammar: Direct vs. Indirect Speech (Narrations)
Days: Tues-Fri
No of periods: 4
Grade 7
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this lesson students will be able to:
Grade 8
- define direct and indirect speech
- distinguish between different type of narrations
- convert a direct speech into indirect according to the correct rules and tenses.
INTRODUCTION
- Begin the lesson by writing these sentences on the board for students to analyze:
Rafay said, “I love being at home.”
Rafay said that he loved being at home.
- Tell students that the first one is in direct speech. Direct their attention towards the quotation marks and commas. The second one is in indirect
speech as it is now narrated by someone else. Draw stick figures to demonstrate the idea of narrations and how we in our daily lives narrate
almost everything we see and hear.
Few more examples:
1. Amna said, “I go to school.”
Amna said that she went to school.
2. The girl said, “I read in the morning.”
The girl said that she read in the morning.
3. The girl said, “I read in the morning.”
The girl said that she read in the morning.
Reported verb
Reported speech
Notice how present simple turns into past simple.
- Some sentences with universal truth: The tense doesn’t change because it is a fact.
1. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the East.”
The teacher said that the sun rises in the East.
2. My father said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
My father said that honesty is the best policy.
- Now the teacher will explain all the rules for converting a directed speech into an indirect one.
Will
Would
Now
Then
Here
There
This
That
These
Those
Today
That day
Tonight
That night
Last night
The previous night
Yesterday
The previous day
Tomorrow
The next day/following day
Last week
The previous week
Next week
The following week
Last month
The previous month
Next month
The month after
PRESENT TENSE NARRATIONS
- Present Simple
Past Simple
Ex: He said, “I want to go now.”
He said that he wanted to go then.
- Present Continuous
Past Continuous
Ex: She said, “I am going today.”
She said that she was going that day.
- Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Ex: My father said, “I have come.”
My father said that he had come.
- Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Ex: They said, “We have been working since morning.
They said that they had been working since morning.
PAST TENSE NARRATIONS
- Past Simple
Past Perfect
Ex: My mother said, “I went to Delhi.”
My mother said that she had gone to Delhi.
- Past Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Ex: They said, “We were coming.”
They said that they had been coming.
- Past Perfect Continuous
Ex: He said, “I had done my work.”
No change
He said he had done his work.
Will
Would
Ex: The boy said, “I will go for a swim tomorrow.”
FUTURE TENSE NARRATIONS
The boy said that he would go for a swim the next day.
 Task 1
TASKS/ACTIVITIES
Q: Convert the following direct speech into indirect narration.
1. My father said, “I will have a cup of tea.”
2. Pamela said, “Man in mortal.”
3. He remarked, “Two and two makes four.”
4. Ali said, “Latif does nothing wrong.”
5. The coach said, “He is not allowed to enter here.”
6. Jane said, “I have been reading this book for a week.”
7. Susie said, “I had read that book before I gave it to you.”
8. Mike said, “I will bring my piano.”
9. Sophia said, “I had watched this movie last week.”
10. Sherry said, “I can solve this problem.”
11. They said, “we are going to the cinema now.”
12. He said, “I was not laughing with them.”
13. Maria announced, “I have played enough today.”
14. She said, “I didn’t buy a car.”
15. They said, “We will be shifting to our new home next month.”
 Task 2 (homework)
Q: Convert the following direct speech into indirect narration.
1. She said, ‘I cannot help you at this time.’
2. He said to me, ‘I shall come to meet you tomorrow.’
3. Ram said, ‘I haven’t taken any exam this year but I intend to take two exams the next year’.
4. He said ‘Virtue is its own reward’.
5. Our teacher said, ‘We have to finish that work today as we know that tomorrow never comes.’
6. They said to us, “You had helped us.”
7. He said, “I took tea twice today.”
8. Malay said, “I was going to the farmer’s market.”