Understanding the
nature and purpose of
academic texts
Unbiased
-Impartial (arguments are based on
evidences or sources not author’s
preconceptions nor opinions).
-Represents works of other researchers
and/authors.
 Academic writing is a style of
writing that exhibits formality. This
type of writing is used in schools/
universities and even in scholarly
publication.
 Academic writing adopts similar
processes in writing like other
categories of text (journalistic and
legal documents) but follows
different conventions in line with its
content, structure, and style.
 Academic Writing is Clear and
Precise
-Clear means it is understandable.
-Precise means you use the language to
say what you exactly mean.
 Academic Writing is Focused and
Well-Structured
-Has one major point of view, and one
central idea per paragraph
-Has a clear purpose (goal).
-Includes only the relevant or related
information.
-Follows the coherent structure of
paragraphs (with an introduction, body
 Academic Writing is Formal and
Unbiased
Formal
[discussion] and conclusion).
 Academic Writing is Well-sourced
-Cites credible authors, website, and other
reliable sources of information.
-condition or quality of being formal;
accordance with required or traditional rules
(Dictionary.com)
-Samples of traditional rules
Grammar
Mechanics/Technicalities
(Spelling, Punctuation, Capitalization
Spacing, Font Style)
 Academic Writing is Correct and
Consistent
-Properly write numbers (e.g. numbers 1
to 10 in an academic writing should generally
be written in words “one, two, three. . . ten”
-Consistent with capitalization, spelling
and punctuation (if you used the main
spelling for example of the word enrollment,
you have to use it consistently instead of its
variant spelling “enrolment”.
 ESSAYS
 CONCEPT PAPERS
 REACTION
 POSITION PAPERS
 REPORTS(LABORATORY/SCIENTIFIC/
TECHNICAL)
 Academic Writing is NOT
 Research Papers
PERSONAL
-Does not include personal reflection (like
the words “In my opinion”. Instead it includes
professionally thought of ideas.
-Doesn’t use the personal pronouns “I, me,
and You”. It instead makes use of the third
person “The researcher, the writer of this
paper, and etc
 Academic Writing is NOT
LONG-WINDED
-States claims or thoughts
straightforwardly (direct to the point) not
flowery (too elaborate) wording.
 Academic Writing is NOT EMOTIVE
AND GRANDIOSE
-Writers must avoid overly emphasis on
emotions or impressions.
Example:
This horrible tragedy was obviously one of
the worst catastrophes in construction
history.
The injury and mortality rates of this
accident were among the highest in
construction history.
 Resolutions
 Contract
 Application letters
 Business Documents
 Oath/Pledges
 Feature Articles
 Sports Articles
 Editorial Articles and Cartoons
 News Articles
 Poetry
 Science Feature