CHAPTER 5:
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
UNIT 4 CELLS: THE BASIC THEORY OF LIFE
SECTION 6.2: TYPES OF CELLS
• State the basic difference between eukaryotic
& prokaryotic cells.
• Compare and contrast plant & animal cells.
• Vocabulary: prokaryotes, eukaryotes
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
2
CELL STRUCTURE
• continued advances in microscopes allowed
observation of cell organelles and structure
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
3
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
4
PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
5
PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
6
PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE
• 2 types of cells
• prokaryote – single-celled organism whose cells do
not have a true nucleus (& lack membrane bound organelles)
• bacteria & relatives, usually small & unicellular
• eukaryote – organisms made up of cells that have
a nucleus
• both unicellular &
multicellular
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
7
PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE
• prokaryotes were 1st cells that evolved
• i.e. bacteria & blue green algae
• live in a wide variety of environments & very
abundant
• endosymbiosis - theory that eukaryotes evolved
from symbiotic relationship between various
prokaryotes & developed into larger, more
complex organisms
• prokaryotes generally smaller & simpler than
eukaryotes
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
8
belong to Bacteria Kingdoms
(bacteria & archaebacteria)
unicellular
no nucleus – no nuclear
membrane or nucleoli
no membrane enclosed
organelles (except
ribosomes)
DNA exists as a single, circular
strand & is located in nucleoid
(area w/out a protective
membrane)
surrounded by capsule
no cytoskeleton
1/26/17
may have cilia or
flagella (vary in
composition)
can have cell wall
(vary in complexity)
cell/plasma
membrane
(vary)
cytoplasm
have chromosomes,
which contains DNA
which contains genes
ribosomes which read
genes to make
proteins
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
belong to Fungi, Plant, Animal,
& Protista Kingdoms
uni- or multicellular
have nucleus w/ nuclear
membrane/envelope &
nucleoli
membrane enclosed
organelles
DNA exists as many strands &
is contained in a nucleus
cytoskeleton
9
made of peptidoglycans (protein-sugars)
1/26/17
Anatomy & Physiology: Introduction
made of phospholipids
10
CELLS:
PLANT VS. ANIMAL
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
11
cell wall made of
cellulose
can absorb liquids
chloroplast
create food by
photosynthesis
(autotroph)
have central vacuole
have plastids
usually boxy, square,
or angular shapes
1/26/17
similar in size
no cell wall
cell membrane
no cellulose so can’t
absorb much liquid
eukaryotic
(nucleus)
DNA & nucleolus
ribosomes,
mitochondria,
cytoskeleton, Golgi
bodies,
endoplasmic
reticulum
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
can’t produce own
food (heterotroph)
have lysosomes
have centrioles
have cilia
small vacuoles
usually spherical or
free formed - can be
variety of shapes
12
PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
13
PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
14
PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
15
PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
16
PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS
1/26/17
Biology: Cell Structure & Function
17