1 Diabetes Type 2 Quandria Shepherd Rasmussen University COURSE#: Nutritional Principle Daniel Wojnicki 03/12/2022 2 Diabetes In this essay I will be discussing Diabetes. I will be discussing the definition of diabetes and how it is caused. I also will be signs and symptoms, treatment and how it can cause other problems if not took care of. Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects the body, this affect is how food is turn into energy. Food is mostly broken down into sugar and is released into the bloodstream. If your sugar goes up it signals your pancreas to release insulin. If a person has diabetes the body isn’t producing enough insulin. If there isn’t enough insulin too much sugar goes into your blood stream which eventually cause health problem such as heart disease, vision or kidney disease. 3 Diabetes Diabetes mellitus, previously considered as a disease of minor significance to health, is now becoming one of the main threats to human health both in developed and developing countries (Zimmet et al., 2001) Type 2 diabetes was a condition that use to effect only adults because of the increased level of obese children healthy eating has become a problem. Healthy dieting and lifestyle might prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. Research investigates the chances on reducing type 2 diabetes. Losing weight and keeping it off may prevent or delay diabetes by losing 5 to 7 percent of your starting weight. Moving more can also lower the chance to as well being activity for just 30 minutes 5 days a week. Most importantly eating healthy foods, eating smaller portions reduces the amount of calorie your intake each day and it helps you lose weight. Drinking water instead of sweetened beverages. Diets that reduce the risk of COPD can help prevent diabetes. Diet low in fat and high in fiber and complex carbohydrate are effective in reducing the risk. The role of prevention of diabetes is to better improve glucose control on type 2 diabetes patients, diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are recommended. Low carbohydrates and high- protein diet patterns will protect from hyperglycemia incidence. The etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus involves the induction of insulin resistance along with the disruption of pancreatic β-cell function and the loss of β-cell mass (Alonso-Magdalena, Quesada and Nadal, 2022). Insulin is hormones made by your pancreas that acts like a key to let blood sugar into the cells in your body for use as energy. Type 2 diabetes cells don’t respond normally to insulin. Pancreas makes more insulin to get your cells to respond but eventually your pancreas can’t keep up and which your blood sugar rises and being setting the stage for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is caused by several factors, including lifestyle factors and genes. You are more than likely to get diabetes if you are not physically active and 4 overweight or obese. Extra weight sometimes causes insulin resistance and is common in people with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a progressive condition, meaning that the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar decreases with time. Diabetes is a progression condition which means managing your diabetes is effective for long lasting health. Eventually, the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin (called increased insulin resistance), and cells in the pancreas produce less insulin. As the condition progresses, people typically need to start taking one or more different types of glucose-lowering medications (Type 2 Diabetes, 2022). There are many studies that is continues being researched to slow or even stop type 2 diabetes from progressing. They also have evidence that it may be reversible. These studies have shown that this usually isn’t permanent in eventually blood sugar begin to elevate again. Treatment for type 2 diabetes is medication. Type 2 diabetes medication is tried with diet and exercise. Type 2 diabetes can be managed, and some cases can be reversed. Most treatment plans will include checking blood sugar levels normal a doctor will let you know how often it must be done. Doctor will also change your diets eating foods rich in fiber and healthy carbohydrates. Doctor might also explain when to recognize they early symptoms of blood sugar that’s too high or too low and what to do in each situation. They also might recommend medication including metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones etc. It is injectable drugs as well. Injectable drugs slows gow quickly food leave the stomach and make you feel full and they tell your liver to back off making glucose around mealtimes. Some injectable drugs are GLP-1 repector agonist help your pancera make insulin, Pramlintide (symlin) acts as a hormone that your pancreas sends out with insulin. Insulin therapy is taken in multiple ways, it can be consider short term fix because other medication is not a enough to 5 control blood sugar. Insulin can be injected with needle and syringe, insulin pump, insulin pen, inhaler and even a injection port. Injection with needle and syringe is given by bottle of insulin and picking a spot between the belly, thigh, butt and upper arm. Insulin pump is connected to tiny needle under the skin to provide a steady stream of insulin throughout the day. The insulin pen is prefilled with insulin and is injected in the same manner as the needle and syringe injection. Inhaler is a breathable powdered insulin etc. Diet that is recommended for people with type 2 diabetes includes minimally processed foods with fiber rich fruits and vegetables, complex carbohydrate, lean protein and healthy and limits added sugars and refined grains. The key to eating with diabetes is varieties of healthy food from all food groups and a smart amount. People with diabetes need to eat at about the same time each day. Depending on your diabetes medicines or type of insulin, you may need to eat the same amount of carbohydrates at the same time each day. When you have mealtime insulin your meals are more flexible. Assessment that nurses should do is assess the patient’s history when assessing the patient’s history assess the history of symptoms related to the diagnosis of diabetes, results of blood glucose monitoring, exercise regimen, patient lifestyle and cultural. Nurse should also assess physical condition like blood pressure while sitting and standing. Assess BMI and visual acuity. A nurse should perform examination of foot, skin, nervous system and mouth. Assess laboratory examination as well. Some nursing intervention that can be used will be educate about at home glucose monitoring, review factors in glucose instability, encourage client to read labels, discuss how client’s antidiabetic medication works, check injection site periodically. These interventions are done to educate the patient functions on the use of medications as well as review their knowledge 6 on how to remain stability with these diseases. This education teaches the basic concept of type 2 diabetes identifying and counting carbohydrates, maintain a healthy body weight, exercising and monitor blood sugar. This provides foundation to help patients with diabetes to incorporate treatment to improve health outcomes. Patients has accepted the life change. The medication and treatment doctor has prescribed is being following according. Patient has established self-care behavior and self-management. 7 References Alan M. Delamater; Improving Patient Adherence. Clin Diabetes 1 April 2006; 24 (2): 71–77. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.24.2.71 Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G., and Shaw, J. (2001). Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 414, 782–787. doi: 10.1038/414782a Alonso-Magdalena, P., Quesada, I., & Nadal, A. (2011). Endocrine disruptors in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 7(6), 346-353. diaTribe. 2022. Type 2 Diabetes. [online] Available at: <https://diatribe.org/type-2-diabetes> [Accessed 12 March 2022]. Chester, B., Stanely, W. G., & Geetha, T. (2018). Quick guide to type 2 diabetes selfmanagement education: creating an interdisciplinary diabetes management team. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 11, 641–645. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S178556
