1. Benzophenone (C6H5-CO-C6H5)
S.
No.
1.
Experiment
Observation
Preliminary tests
Odour :
Note the Odour of the organic
compound .
2.
Reaction with litmus
paper:
No characteristics change
Absence
of
amine,
benzaldehyde, phenol, ester.
No colour change is noted
Absence of carboxylic acid,
phenol and amine
Touch the Moist litmus paper
with an organic compound .
3.
Action
with
bicarbonate:
sodium
No brisk
Take 2 ml of saturated sodium obtained
bi carbonate solution in a test
tube. Add 2 or 3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4.
Action with Borsche’s
Reagents :
effervescence
Charring test:
Take a small amount of an No charring takes place
organic compoundin a dry test
tube. Add 2 ml of con.H2SO4 to
it,and teat the mixture
6.
is Absence of a carboxylic acid.
Yellow or orange or red Presence of an ketone
precipitate
Take a small amount of an
organic compound in a test
tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche’s
reagent,1 ml of Conc HCl to it,
then warm the mixture gently
and cool it.
5.
Inference
Ignition test:
Absence of carbohydrate
Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
Burns with sooty flame
Take small amount of the
organic compound in a Nickel
spatula and burnit in Bunsen
flame.
7.
Test with bromine water:
8.
Test
with
solution:
Presence of an aromatic
compound
Tests for an unsaturation
Take small amount of
the No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
organic compound in a test tube place
add 2 ml of distilled waterto
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
KMnO4
Take small amount of the
organic compound in a test tube
No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
place
1
add 2 ml of distilled water to
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of
very dilute
alkaline KMnO4 solution and
shake itwell.
9.
Legal’s test :
A small amount of the organic
substance is taken in a test tube.
1 ml sodium nitro prusside
solution is added. Then NaOH
solution is added dropwise.
Test for Ketone
Red colouration.
Report:
The given organic compound contains / is
i) Aromatic
ii) Saturated
iii)..Ketone functional group
2
Presence of a ketone.
2. Cinnamic Acid (C6H5-CH=CH-COOH)
S.
No.
1.
Experiment
Observation
Preliminary tests
Odour :
No characteristics change
Absence
of
amine,
benzaldehyde, phenol, ester.
Blue litmus turns red
May be a carboxylic acid
or phenol
Brisk
effervescence
Take 2 ml of saturated sodium obtained
is Presence of a carboxylic
acid.
Note the Odour of the organic
compound .
2.
Reaction with litmus
paper:
Touch the Moist litmus paper
with an organic compound .
3.
Inference
Action
with
bicarbonate:
sodium
bi carbonate solution in a test
tube. Add 2 or 3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4.
Action with Borsche’s
Reagents :
No Yellow or orange or red Absence of an aldehyde and
precipitate
ketone
Take a small amount of an
organic compound in a test
tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche’s
reagent,1 ml of Conc HCl to it,
then warm the mixture gently
and cool it.
5.
Charring test:
Take a small amount of an No charring takes place
organic compound in a dry test
tube. Add 2 ml of con.H2SO4 to
it,and teat the mixture
6.
Ignition test:
Absence of carbohydrate
Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
Burns with sooty flame
Take small amount of the
organic compound in a Nickel
spatula and burnit in Bunsen
flame.
7.
Test with bromine water:
8.
Test
with
solution:
Presence of an aromatic
compound
Tests for an unsaturation
Take small amount of
the Orange-yellow colour of
organic compound in a test tube bromine water is
add 2 ml of distilled waterto decolourised
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
KMnO4
Take small amount of the
organic compound in a test tube
Substance is unsaturated.
Pink colour of KMnO4 Substance is unsaturated.
solution is decolourised
3
add 2 ml of distilled water to
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of
very dilute
alkaline KMnO4 solution and
shake itwell.
9.
Esterification reaction:
Test for carboxylic acid
A Pleasant fruity odour is Presence
Take 1 ml (or a pinch of solid)
of an organic compound in a
noted.
group.
clean test tube Add 1 ml of
C2H5OH and Con.H2SO4 .Heat
the reaction mixture strongly for
about 5 minutes. Then pour the
mixture into a beaker containing
dil. Na2CO3 solution and note
the smell.
Report:
The given organic compound contains / is
i) Aromatic
ii).Un Saturated
iii).carboxylic acid functional group
4
of
carboxylic
3. Urea (NH2-CO-NH2)
S.
No.
1.
Experiment
Observation
Preliminary tests
Odour :
Note the Odour of the organic
compound .
2.
Inference
Reaction with litmus
paper:
No characteristics change
Absence
of
amine,
benzaldehyde, phenol, ester.
No colour change is noted
Absence of carboxylic acid,
phenol and amine
Touch the Moist litmus paper
with an organic compound .
3.
Action
with
bicarbonate:
sodium
No brisk
Take 2 ml of saturated sodium obtained
bi carbonate solution in a test
tube. Add 2 or 3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4.
Action with Borsche’s
Reagents :
Charring test:
Take a small amount of an No charring takes place
organic compoundin a dry test
tube. Add 2 ml of con.H2SO4 to
it,and teat the mixture
6.
is Absence of a carboxylic acid.
No Yellow or orange or red Absence of an aldehyde and
precipitate
ketone
Take a small amount of an
organic compound in a test
tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche’s
reagent,1 ml of Conc HCl to it,
then warm the mixture gently
and cool it.
5.
effervescence
Ignition test:
Absence of carbohydrate
Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
Burns
Take small amount of the
organic compound in a Nickel flame
spatula and burnit in Bunsen
flame.
7.
Test with bromine water:
8.
Test
with
solution:
with not
sooty Presence of an aliphatic
compound
Tests for an unsaturation
Take small amount of
the No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
organic compound in a test tube place
add 2 ml of distilled waterto
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
KMnO4
Take small amount of the
organic compound in a test tube
No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
place
5
add 2 ml of distilled water to
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of
very dilute
alkaline KMnO4 solution and
shake itwell.
1.
Biuret test:
Test for Diamide
Violet colour is appeared.
Take A small amount of an
organic compound in a test tube.
Heat strongly and then allow to
cool .Dissolve the residue with
2 ml of water. To this solution
Add 1 ml of dilute CuSO4
solution and few drops of 10%
NaOH solution drop by drop.
Report:
The given organic compound contains / is
i) Aliphatic
ii).Saturated
iii).di Amide functional group
6
Presence of an diamide
4. Aniline (C6H5-NH2)
S.
No.
Experiment
Observation
Inference
Preliminary tests
1.
Odour :
Note the Odour of the organic
compound .
2.
Reaction with litmus
paper:
Fish odour
May be an amine
Red litmus turns blue
May be an amine
Touch the Moist litmus paper
with an organic compound .
3.
Action
with
bicarbonate:
sodium
No brisk
Take 2 ml of saturated sodium obtained
bi carbonate solution in a test
tube. Add 2 or 3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4.
Action with Borsche’s
Reagents :
is Absence of a carboxylic acid.
No Yellow or orange or red Absence of an aldehyde and
precipitate
Ketone
Take a small amount of an
organic compound in a test
tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche’s
reagent,1 ml of Conc HCl to it,
then warm the mixture gently
and cool it.
5.
effervescence
Charring test:
Take a small amount of an No charring takes place
organic compoundin a dry test
tube. Add 2 ml of con.H2SO4 to
it,and teat the mixture
Absence of carbohydrate
Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6.
Ignition test:
Burns with sooty flame
Take small amount of the
organic compound in a Nickel
spatula and burnit in Bunsen
flame.
Presence of an aromatic
compound
Tests for an unsaturation
7.
Test with bromine water:
8.
Test
with
solution:
Take small amount of
the No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
organic compound in a test tube place
add 2 ml of distilled waterto
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
KMnO4
Take small amount of
the
No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
place
7
organic compound in a test tube
add 2 ml of distilled water to
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of
very dilute
alkaline KMnO4 solution and
shake itwell.
1.
Dye test:
Test for amine
Scarlet
red
Take A small amount of an
organic substancein a clean test obtained.
tube add 2 ml of HCl to dissolve
it Add few crystals of NaNO2
and coolthe mixture in ice bath
Then add 2 ml of ice cold
solution of β-naphtholin NaOH
Report:
The given organic compound contains / is
i) Aromatic
ii).Saturated
iii).Amine functional group
8
dye
is Presence of an aromatic
primary amine.
5. Glucose (C6H12O6)
S.
No.
Experiment
Observation
Inference
Preliminary tests
1.
Odour :
Note the Odour of the organic
compound .
2.
Reaction with litmus
paper:
No characteristics change
Absence
of
amine,
benzaldehyde, phenol, ester.
No colour change is noted
Absence of carboxylic acid,
phenol and amine
Touch the Moist litmus paper
with an organic compound .
3.
Action
with
bicarbonate:
sodium
No brisk
Take 2 ml of saturated sodium obtained
bi carbonate solution in a test
tube. Add 2 or 3 drops (or a
pinch of solid) of an organic
compound to it.
4.
Action with Borsche’s
Reagents :
Yellow
or
precipitate
Take a small amount of an
organic compound in a test
tube. Add 3 ml of Borsche’s
reagent,1 ml of Conc HCl to it,
then warm the mixture gently
and cool it.
5.
effervescence
is Absence of a carboxylic acid.
orange Presence of an aldehyde
Charring test:
Take a small amount of an charring takes place with Presence of carbohydrate
organic compound in a dry test smell of burnt sugar
tube. Add 2 ml of con.H2SO4 to
it,and teat the mixture
Tests for Aliphatic or Aromatic nature
6.
Ignition test:
Burns
Take small amount of the
organic compound in a Nickel flame
spatula and burnit in Bunsen
flame.
with
not
sooty Presence of an Aliphatic
compound
Tests for an unsaturation
7.
Test with bromine water:
8.
Test
with
solution:
Take small amount of
the No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
organic compound in a test tube place
add 2 ml of distilled waterto
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of bromine water
and shake it well.
KMnO4
Take small amount of
the
No Decolourisation takes Substance is saturated.
place
9
organic compound in a test tube
add 2 ml of distilled water to
dissolve it. To this solution add
few drops of
very dilute
alkaline KMnO4 solution and
shake itwell.
1.
Tollen’s reagent test:
Take 2 ml of Tollen’s reagentin
a clean dry test tube. Add 3-4
drops of an organic compound
(or 0.2 g of solid) to it, and
warm the mixture on a water
bath for about 5 minutes.
2.
Test for aldehyde
Shining silver mirror is Presence of an aldehyde
formed.
Fehling’s test:
Take 1 ml each of Fehlingʼs Red precipitate is formed.
solution A and B are taken in a
test tube. Add 4-5 drops of an
organic compound (or 0.2g of
solid) to it, and warm the
mixture on a waterbath for
about 5 minutes.
Presence of an aldehyde
Test for carbohydrates
1.
Molisch’s test:
2.
Osazone test:
Take A small amount of an Violet or purple ring is Presence of carbohydrates
organic compound in a test tube formed at the junction of
It is dissolvedin 2 ml of water. the two liquids.
Add 3 to 4 drops of α - naphthol
to it. Then add conc H2SO4 side
of the test tube carefully
Take A small amount of an Yellow
organic compound in a test tube obtained
Add 1 ml of phenyl hydrazine
solution and heat the mixture
for about 5minutes on a boiling
water bath
crystals
Report:
The given organic compound contains / is
i) Aliphatic
ii).,Saturated
iii).Aldehydes and carbohydrate functional groups
10
are Presence of carbohydrates
carbohydrates