Department of Electrical Engineering Rajkiya Engineering College, Chandpur, Bijnor Dr. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA MINI PROJECT Automatic light control Using LDR under the supervision of Mr. Vijay Pal Singh (assistant professor) Mr. Jitendra Kumar (assistant professor) Submitted for partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in Electrical Engineering By Dharmraj Gupta (Roll no:-2007350200026) Dhirendra Singh (Roll no:-2007350200027) Divakar Tiwari (Roll no:-2007350200028) Divya Saxena (Roll no:-2007350200029) Divyanjali Mourya (Roll no:-2007350200030 INTRODUCTION Street light controllers are smarter versions of the mechanical or electronic timers previously used for street light ON-OFF operation. They come with energy conservation options like twilight saving, staggering or dimming. Also many street light controllers come with an astronomical clock for a particular location or a Global Positioning System (GPS) connection to give the best ON-OFF time and energy saving. A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or walkway, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night. Modern lamps may also have light-sensitive photocells to turn them on at dusk, off at dawn, or activate automatically in dark weather. In older lighting this function would have been performed with the aid of a solar dial. It is not uncommon for street lights to be on poles which have wires strung between them, or mounted on utility poles. This project exploits the working of a transistor in saturation region and cut-off region to switch ON and switch OFF the lights at appropriate time with the help of an electromagnetically operated switch Automatic Streetlight needs no manual operation of switching ON and OFF. The system itself detects whether there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value COMPONENTS A Light dependent resister(LDR) LDR is a semiconductor device. When light fall on LDR,LDR acts high resistance and when dark fall on LDR , it act as low resistance. A NPN transistor-BC547 NPN transistor is a semiconductor device. NPN transistor have three junction. Two n- type semiconductor and one ptype semiconductor. NPN transistor have three terminals. Base, collector and emitter. A Resistor -100 K Ohm,470 Ohm It is a passive component having two terminals that are used to manage the current flow in the circuit. A current that flows via a resistor is directly proportional to the voltage that appeared into resistor. Two types: 1.Fixed value resistor 2.Variable resistor A Resistor -Light emitting diode(LED) A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device. LED have two junction. One p-junction and another n-junction. P-type connect with positive side of battery and N- type connect with negative side of battery. Connecting wires –Use single-core plastic –coated wire A thin plastic board used to hold electronic components (transistors, resistors, chips, etc.) that are wired together. 9V DC Battery A battery is a device that converts chemical energy contained within its active materials directly into electric energy . Breadboard A wire is a flexible metallic conductor, especially one made of copper, usually insulated and used to carry electric current in a circuit. A wire is a flexible metallic conductor, especially one made of copper, usually insulated, and used to carry electric current in a circuit. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WORKING LDR have two side. One side connect with transistor base terminal and another side connect with transistor emitter terminal. R2 100k resistor connect one side connect base terminal and another side connect with R1 470Ohm resistor. R1 resistor have tow side. One side connect with R2 and battery positive side. And another side connect with positive side of LED. A D1 LED diode one side connect with R2 resistor and another side connect with transistor collector terminal. Transistor base terminal connect with LDR and R2 resistor. Collector connect with LED negative side. And emitter terminal connect with LDR and battery negative side. Battery positive side connect with R1 resistor. And negative side connect with transistor emitter terminal. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES By using this automatic system for street light controlling ,we can reduce energy consumption because the manually operated street lights are not switch off properly even the sun light comes and Also not switched on earlier before sunse • Low cost • Automated operation • Low power consumption • Very flexible • Easy to manufactured In sunny and rainy days, on and off time differ notice which is one of the major disadvantages of using timer circuit or manual operation for switching the street light system. APPLICATION 1.Road Light Control. 2.Lamp post. 3.Home Security Light Control. 4.CC Camera (Night Mode). 5.Mobile Phone Tower Signal Light. CONCLUSION The Streetlight controller using ldr based Light intensity & traffic density, in the todays up growing countries will be more effective in case of cost, manpower and security as compare with today's running complicated and complex light controlling systems. Automatic Street Light Controlling System puts up a very user friendly approach and could increase the power This paper elaborates the design and construction of automatic street control system circuit. Circuit works properly to turn street lamp ON/OFF. After designing the circuit which controls the light of the street as illustrated in the previous sections. LDR sensor and the photoelectric sensors are the two main conditions in working the circuit. If the two conditions have been satisfied the circuit will do the desired work according to specific program. Each sensor controls the turning ON or OFF the lighting column. The street lights has been successfully controlled by microcontroller. With commands from the controller the lights will be ON in the places of the movement when it's dark. furthermore the drawback of the street light system using timer controller has been overcome, where the system depends on photoelectric sensor. Finally this control circuit can be used in a long roadways between FUTURE SCOPE We can save the energy for the future use and we can control the losses of the power . We can implemnted this project for the home lamp or night lamp of the room. This is also used for the signals.
