… a wise saying, poem, or excerpt included before or near another text, designed to focus the reader on a concept or concepts explored in a section of literature. a figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other, such as “hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins” A work's thematic topic is what readers "think the work is about" and its THEME is a statement of "what the work says about the subject"