CONSTRUCTION &
MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING
- Kanchana Senanayaka
Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge - China
Apple Park - USA
BurjDubai[1].bi.e.pps
1
CONTENTS
1.
Overview to the Civil Engineering
• Structural Engineering
• Geotechnical Engineering
• Environmental Engineering
• Transport Engineering
• Water Resources Engineering
• Construction & Management Engineering
2. Project Management Brief
3. Construction Management
4. Contracting Sequence
5. Brief on stages of a Construction Project
• Feasibility, Design, and Tender Stage – *Mainly before construction starts
• Construction Phase – *Mainly site works
• Handoff
6. Conclusion
Annexes (1 – 5)
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
1.OVERVIEW TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING
Civil Engineering is one of the oldest jobs in the world. Civil engineering deals with
constructing, designing, and maintaining a physical environment.
This includes structures such as airports, roads, bridges, dams, sewerage, railways,
and many more.
As such, there are six major sub disciplines of civil engineering.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
3
OVERVIEW TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING - Continued
1. Structural Engineering
This branch of civil engineering encompasses the structural analysis and design of
structures. It is the responsibility of the structural engineer to analyze and design a
structure that will safely bear or resist the stresses, forces and loads. The design must
satisfy the project specifications while meeting all safety regulations. The structure
must endure massive loads as well as natural disasters and climate changes.
Major specialties:
Earthquake engineering, the behavior of structures subject to seismic loading
Wind engineering, the analysis of wind and its effects on the built environment
Architectural engineering, application of engineering principles to building design
and construction
Ocean engineering, the design of offshore structures
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
4
OVERVIEW TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING - Continued
2. Geotechnical Engineering
In geotechnical engineering, the engineer studies soil, foundations, and bearing
capacities. The engineer will study the behavior of the earth materials and how they
will affect a structure that is to be constructed. They will also evaluate pre-existing
structures that are showing signs of problems with the earth materials under or near
the structure.
Major specialties:
Mining engineering, the exploration, extraction and processing of raw materials
from the Earth
Foundation (engineering), the engineering of below ground foundations that
support superstructures
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
5
OVERVIEW TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING - Continued
3. Environmental Engineering
This civil engineering type is the study of environment friendly designs, pollution and
their resolutions and sewage management. Many engineers focus solely upon the
crisis of pollution and coming up with solutions as well as determining new and
inventive ways for sewage management and other environmental entities.
Major specialties:
Ecological engineering, the design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems
Fire protection engineering, the application of engineering to protect people and
environments from fire and smoke
Sanitary engineering, the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation
of human communities
Municipal or urban engineering, civil engineering applied to municipal issues such
as water and waste management, transportation networks, subdivisions,
communications, hydrology, hydraulics, etc.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
6
OVERVIEW TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING - Continued
Wastewater engineering, Wastewater engineering is a type of engineering that
comes from civil engineering and environmental engineering. A wastewater engineer
determines the best way to transport or collect rainwater for human populations.
Wastewater engineering also deals with the transportation and cleaning of black water,
grey water, and irrigation water. Wastewater treatment and water reclamation are
areas of concern in this field. Wastewater engineers map out topographical and
geographical features of Earth to determine the best means of collection. They use
sonar scanning in wells to determine volumes of water that can be used for human
consumption. Using these types of data they are able to provide a means of collecting
water. After collecting the water, it is their job to transport it to where it can be made
available for use.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
7
OVERVIEW TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING - Continued
4. Transportation Engineering
Civil engineers that specialize in transportation engineering will work with the
planning, construction and management of transportation facilities. They will design
and implement the infrastructures that deal with transportation in order to provide a
safe, comfortable, convenient, economical and environmentally compatible mode of
transport. There are six divisions related to transportation engineering: highway, air
transportation, waterway, aerospace, coastal & ocean and urban transportation.
Major specialties:
Traffic engineering, a branch of transportation engineering focusing on the
infrastructure necessary for transportation
Highway engineering, a branch of engineering that deals with major roadways and
transportation systems involving automobiles. Highway engineering usually involves
the construction and design of highways
Railway systems engineering
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
8
OVERVIEW TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING - Continued
5. Water Resource Engineering
These engineers deal with the design and construction of hydraulic structures. These
structures include dams, canals and water distribution system. The engineer is
responsible for the design of the structure as well as the implementation and safety
precautions that must be closely adhered to when dealing with hydraulic structures.
Major specialties:
Hydraulic engineering, concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally
water; intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage
facilities (including bridges, dams, levees, channels, culverts, storm sewers), and
canals.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
9
OVERVIEW TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING - Continued
River engineering is the process of planned human intervention in the course,
characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined
benefit—to manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make
passage along or across rivers easier.
Coastal engineering, the study of the processes ongoing at the shoreline and
construction within the coastal zone, often directed at combating erosion of coasts or
providing navigational access.
Groundwater engineering involves the analysis, monitoring and often modelling of
groundwater source to better understand how much remains and if the water can be
used for e.g. recharging reservoirs and irrigation
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
10
OVERVIEW TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING - Continued
6. Construction & Management Engineering - Applicable for Site Staff
• This civil engineering branch deals with the planning, construction and maintenance
of structures. Construction engineering is the planning and execution of designs
from site development, environmental, geotechnical, transportation and structural
engineers.
• They must ensure that the plans that have been designed by other engineers are
implemented to their exact specifications.
• Construction engineers will supervise field work during the entire project. They are
in a sense a cross between an engineer and manager as they will oversee the
project from start to finish and handle any problems that come up throughout the
duration of the project.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
11
2. P R O J E C T M A N A G E M E N T B R I E F
Introduction
Project management is the application of processes, methods, skills, knowledge and
experience to achieve specific project objectives according to the project
acceptance criteria within agreed parameters. Project management has final
deliverables that are constrained to a finite timescale and budget.
Since the project management is one of the core functions of a business
organization, the project management function should be supported by software
nowadays.
Types of Project Management Software
1 – Desktop Based
There are two types of project management software available for project managers.
The first category of such software is the desktop software. Microsoft Project is a
good example for this type. You can manage your entire project using MS Project, but
you need to share the electronic documents with others, when collaboration is required.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
12
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BRIEF - Continued
2 – Web/Cloud Based
As a solution for the above issue, the web-based project management software was
introduced. With this type, the users can access the web application and read, write
or change the project management-related activities.
This was a good solution for distributed projects across departments and
geographies. This way, all the stakeholders of the project have access to project
details at any given time. Specially, this model is the best for virtual teams that
operate on the Internet.
Characteristics of Project Management Software
1
2
3
4
5
6
– Collaboration
- Scheduling
- Issue Tracking
- Project Portfolio Management
- Document Management
- Resource Management
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
13
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BRIEF - Continued
Generally project management is defined as managing resources over the life cycle
of a project through various tools and methodologies to control scope, cost, time,
quality, etc⁠
The purpose of PM is to control a project's time / delivery, cost and quality—sometimes
referred to as a "triple constraints."
Management =
P–O–L–C
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
14
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BRIEF - Project Life Cycle
Project Initiation
evelop Project Management Plan
• Roles & Responsibility Matrix
• Finalizing Concept designs
• Create WBS (work break down
structure)
• Develop Schedule
• Estimate Cost
• Quality Plan
• Communications Plan
• Review of Design, cost & timelines
from time to time
re-Qualification
• Bid Documentation
• Negotiation
• Contract Award
• Contract Documentation
• Construction Scheduling
• Direct & Manage Project Execution
• Bill Certification
• Monitor & Control activities
• Integrated Change Control
Handoff
ommissioning Management
• De-snagging & Handing over
• Closeout Training Programs
• O&M Manuals and “As Built”
Drawings Collations
• Financial close out
Resource Deployment
echnical Due Diligence
• Develop project Charter
• Appointment of consultants
(Architect; Interior
Designers etc.)
Implementation, Monitoring
and Control
Synchronizing
Project Tenure
15
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BRIEF - Continued
Project Initiation
• Fitment Study/ key counts/ area statements /FAR
• Conceptual plan / validation of business plan
• Hydro-Geophysical Studies for Terrain Knowledge
• Study regulatory landscape
• Initial Budgeting
• Recommendations etc.
Project
Initiation
Handoff
Execution
&
Monitoring
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
Project
Execution
Capabilities
Design &
Planning
Contracting
Procurement
16
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BRIEF - Continued
Design & Planning
• End to End Project Plan – including regulatory inputs
• Get all stakeholders on board upfront
• Operational efficiency at design stage itself
• Integrate the design with brand requirements
• Understanding of the client standards upfront & factor it
into the budgets.
• Relentless , intense and
upfront planning prior to
execution to mitigate changes in the designs during
execution and any potential exposures.
• Design standardization & simplification
Project
Initiation
Handoff
Execution
&
Monitoring
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
Project
Execution
Capabilities
Design &
Planning
Contracting
Procurement
17
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BRIEF - Continued
Contract & Procurement
• Alignment of contractors profile to project size
• Watertight contracts
• Strategic sourcing
• Optimal mix of local and global sourcing
• 360 degree collaboration with client , operator/ID and
vendors.
• Contractually tie the contractors/vendors to
understanding & implementing robust safety practice
at site.
• Vendor relationship/ management
Project
Initiation
Handoff
Execution
&
Monitoring
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
Project
Execution
Capabilities
Design &
Planning
Contracting
Procurement
18
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BRIEF - Continued
Contract & Procurement
• Spend management software solution
• Accomplish business transparency, compliance,
enhanced productivity and cost compression.
• 10% Productivity guaranteed – benchmarked against
historical numbers.
• Strategy is to pit one supplier against the other instead
of client haggling with multiple Vendors.
• Standardization of Sourcing Process and Building a
Knowledge Repository.
• Robust Traceability from an Audit Standpoint
• Accomplish Cost Compression through spend
Consolidation and Leveraging Scale
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
Project
Initiation
Handoff
Execution
&
Monitoring
Project
Execution
Capabilities
Design &
Planning
Contracting
Procurement
19
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BRIEF - Continued
Execution & Monitoring
• On-site design co-ordination with contractors, consultants &
other project stake holders.
• Synchronization of construction interface among activities.
• Trigger multiple parallel tracks to deflate timelines of
delivery.
• Tracking Safe man hours at site, an excellent metric to
validate implementation of robust safety standards at site.
• Quality control by implementing various process &
checklists.
• Cost control
• Change management
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
Project
Initiation
Handoff
Execution
&
Monitoring
Project
Execution
Capabilities
Design &
Planning
Contracting
Procurement
20
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BRIEF - Continued
Handoff
• Testing & commissioning through robust
documentation & processes.
• Facilitate the capitalization of project
• Handing over the project & systems with relevant
documents in soft & hard forms.
• Digitization of project documents for ease of
access
• Seamless transition from construction to operations
Project
Initiation
Handoff
Execution
&
Monitoring
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
Project
Execution
Capabilities
Design &
Planning
Contracting
Procurement
21
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BRIEF - Continued
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
22
3.CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Construction management (CM) is a professional
service
that
uses
specialized,
project
management techniques to oversee the planning,
design, and construction of a project, from its
beginning to its end.
CM is compatible with all project delivery systems,
including design-bid-build, design-build, CM At-Risk
and Public Private Partnerships. Professional
construction managers may be reserved for lengthy,
large-scale, high budget undertakings (commercial real
estate, transportation infrastructure, industrial facilities, and military
infrastructure),
called capital projects.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
23
4.CONTRACTING SEQUENCE
Pre-Contract
Post-Contract construction work
EMPLOYER
’S REF
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
24
5.BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
25
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
Mainly, there are 3 stages of a typical construction project.
1. Feasibility, Design, and Tender Stage
2. Construction Phase
3. Handoff
1.1 Feasibility studies for construction projects
Feasibility studies are preliminary studies undertaken in the very early stage of
a project. They tend to be carried out when a project is large or complex, or where
there is some doubt or controversy regarding the proposed development. If
an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required, this may involve assessments
best undertaken as part of feasibility studies.
The purpose of feasibility studies is to:
•
•
•
Establish whether the project is viable.
Help identify feasible options.
Assist in the development of other project documentation such as the business case, project
execution plan and strategic brief.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
26
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
1. Technical feasibility
Technical feasibility is the assessment of the technical requirements of a project or
product to find out what technical resources a project requires. Technical feasibility is
not complete until the same technical assessment is done on the company to
establish that it has the technical capabilities to carry out the implementation of the
project to completion within the required time. It is focused on the available
hardware and software to be used for a project.
2. Legal feasibility
This is an assessment of whether the project meets the legal requirements that exist
for implementation. An example is whether a new building meets the requirements of
the law, whether the location was suitably chosen and construction is approved by
the authorities. Legal feasibility also encompasses the ethical aspects of a project, for
example does a new plant dump its waste in a manner that is environmentally
friendly. The project may also be a new undertaking that is not covered under any
law and so this must also be checked.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
27
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
3. Operational feasibility
Operational feasibility ascertains how well the implementation of a project fits in with
the current organizational business structure. The solutions to a current problem
must come as close as possible to a perfect fit with the organizational structure and
be able to be applied to solve other arising problems. The opportunities that come
along the way during the solution implementation must be able to be harnessed for
even easier implementation.
4. Schedule feasibility
Before you start a project, you have to ask the following questions: When is the
project due? Are there legal obligations related to the schedule? Within what time is
the project or product viable? Are the deadlines attainable? This is an assessment of
the time frame for the delivery of the product and whether or not the product will
still be needed after that time.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
28
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
5. Economic feasibility
Here, a study is done on the project to see how long it would take for the project to
reach break-even point. It is similar to a cost benefit analysis. Every project incurs a
cost and it is prudent for financial planning purposes to know exactly when to expect
returns. Also, to anticipate the capital required to complete the project. This is not
limited to for-profit projects only as they will also incur a financial cost.
TECHNICAL & FINANCIAL PROPOSAL – Refer to
BUSINESS OVERVIEW – Refer to
FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY – Refer to
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
29
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
1.2 DESIGN
There are four parts to designing a construction project. It’s the responsibility of the
project manager to make sure your design meets with building codes and other
regulations.
i.The concept. What are the needs, goals and objectives of the project? You’ll be
making decisions based on the size of the project, the site allocated for the build and
the actual design of what your building. This is comprised of a list for each room or
space under consideration, including all critical data.
ii.The schematic design. This is a sketch that identifies all the various parts,
materials, sizes, colors, textures, etc. It includes the floor plan, elevations, etc., even
a site plan.
iii.Develop the design. This requires research. What are the materials to use? What
equipment will be needed? How much are the materials? You’ll be refining the original
drawings from the previous stage now to reflect these decisions. Knowing local
building codes and adhering to them will be important at this stage.
iv.Get the contract documents together. These are the final drawing and
construction specs. These will be used by outside contractors to bid on the job.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
30
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
OF BAGO BRIDGE
PROJECT
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
31
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
1.3 Tendering/Contracting
Tendering is a process where are an organisation responds to a request for
information or pricing related to the supply of goods and services from another
organisation.Organisations typically solicit tenders from more than one organisation
and will evaluate and accept tenders that meet their needs and offer the best value
for money. The acceptance of a tender results in a contract between the
organisations.
During the Tendering stage, there will be engineering inputs to the tender
submissions and relevant inputs can be illustrated as below.
1. Method statements
2. Work sequence
3. Project program
4. Manpower Histogram
5. Organisational structure & Responsibility matrix for individuals
6. Tools/Machinery Requirement
7. Tools/Machinery Requirement
8. Procurement & Logistics
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
32
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
Apart from that, the following also to be carried out at this stage where applicable.
• Preparation of work norms
• Preparation of rate breakdown
• Preparation of preambles and prequalification documents
• Cash flow forecasting
• Preparation of the site budget
Bills Of Quantities – BOQ -> Ex. 1 , Ex.2
The bill of quantities is a document prepared by the cost consultant (often a quantity
surveyor) that provides project specific measured quantities of the items of work
identified by the drawings and specifications in the tender documentation.
The quantities may be measured in number, length, area, volume, weight or time.
Preparing a bill of quantities requires that the design is complete and a specification
has been prepared.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
33
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
The bill of quantities is issued to tenderers for them to prepare a price for carrying out
the works.
The bill of quantities assists tenderers in the calculation of construction costs for their
tender, and, as it means all tendering contractors will be pricing the same quantities
(rather than taking off quantities from the drawings and specifications themselves), it
also provides a fair and accurate system for tendering.
The priced Bills of Quantities will also:
•
•
•
•
Assist with the agreement of the contract sum with the successful tenderer.
Provide a schedule of rates assisting with the valuation of variations.
Provide a basis for the valuation of interim payments.
Provide a basis for the preparation of the final account
Bills of quantities can be prepared elementally or in works packages, by a process of
'taking off' which involves identifying elements of construction works that can be
measured and priced.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
34
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
It is very important that bills of quantities are prepared according to a standard,
widely
recognised
methodology.
This
helps
avoid any
ambiguities
or
misunderstandings and so helps avoid disputes arising through different
interpretations of what has been priced.
In the UK, bills of quantities for general construction works were until recently most
commonly prepared in accordance with the Standard Method of Measurement,
currently in its 7th Edition (SMM7).
However, a new standard, the New Rules of Measurement (NRM 2) became operative
on 1 January 2013 and replaced SMM7 on 1st July 2013.
Other methods of measurement are used for civil engineering works, such as the Civil
Engineering Method of Measurement currently in its 4th Edition (CESMM).
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
35
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
Contract Agreements
General terms and structure of a contract agreement
There is no specific format that a contract must follow. Generally it will include some
terms, either expressed or implied, that will form the basis of the agreement. These
terms may outline contract conditions or contract warranties.
Contract conditions are fundamental to the agreement. If the contract conditions are
not met it is possible to terminate the contract and seek compensation or damages.
Contract warranties are less important terms and not fundamental to the agreement.
You cannot terminate a contract if the warranties are not fulfilled, however, you may
be able to seek compensation for any losses incurred.
When negotiating the contract terms make sure the conditions of the contract are
clearly defined and agreed to by all parties.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
36
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
Contracts may follow a structure that can include, but are not limited to, the
following items:
• details of the parties to the contract, including any sub-contracting arrangements
• duration or period of the contract
• definitions of key terms used within the contract
• a description of the goods and/or services that your business will receive or
provide, including key deliverables
• payment details and dates, including whether interest will be applied to late
payments
• key dates and milestones
• required insurance and indemnity provisions
• guarantee provisions, including director’s guarantees
• damages or penalty provisions
• renegotiation or renewal options
• complaints and dispute resolution process
• termination conditions
• special conditions
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
37
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
International Standard Forms of Contracts
1. FIDIC
Since its founding, FIDIC’s main activity is publishing international standard forms of
Contracts. First standard form of Contract was The Form of contract for works of Civil
Engineering construction, in 1957. It became famous by its cover and called “The
Red Book”. Ever since then, it has become the tradition that FIDIC Contracts are
known by the colour of their cover.
• Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction: The Red Book (1987)
• Conditions of Contract for Electrical and Mechanical Works including Erection on Site: The Yellow
Book (1987)
• Conditions of Contract for Design-Build and Turnkey: The Orange Book (1995)
A note on the Multilateral Development Bank (MDB) Harmonised Edition of the FIDIC Red Book (2010
edition), known as the Pink Book.
Bago Bridge
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
38
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
International Standard Forms of Contracts
FIDIC – Continued
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
39
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
International Standard Forms of Contracts
JCT Contracts
JCT contracts facilitate the process of constructing buildings. In simple terms, contracts
set out the responsibilities of all parties within the construction process and their
obligations, so it is clear as to what work needs to be done, who is doing it, when are
they doing it by, and for how much.
JCT is the UK’s leading producer of standard forms of contract, which work on the
principle of adapting established benchmark provisions to suit a wide range of projects.
What is a standard form of building contract?
A standard form of building contract is a form of contract containing conditions which
are applicable, or can be made applicable by the use of alternatives, to a wide range of
building projects.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
40
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
International Standard Forms of Contracts
JCT Contracts - Continued
The JCT approach
Our approach is to produce standard forms that meet clearly defined needs and
apportion risk in a way that is appropriate for the procurement methods they reflect.
The JCT suite of contracts is made up of ‘families’ of standard forms, guidance and
other documents that are suitable for the majority of construction projects and
procurement methods.
JCT contracts are produced to provide two key services:
Minimise the transaction cost of entering into a contract
Provide benchmark provisions in standard form contracts
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
41
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
2. Construction Phase
2.1 Project Planning – prior to start site works
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Preparation of construction schedule (if requires)
Preparation of detailed plans for the construction works
Procuring of initial required material
Logistics arrangements
Manpower & Staff Sourcing
Preparation of shop drawings
Preparation of site budget and *cash flow
Preparation of Q/A & A/C documents (if requires)
Preparation of HSE documents (if requires)
Other documents such as method statements, etc.
Preparation of procurement schedule (if requires)
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
42
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
2. Construction Phase
2.2 Project Execution
2.2.1 Reporting, Monitoring, Documentation, and other related
• Arrange and monitoring of Resources (Preparation of agreements, etc)
• Document preparation as per Technical Specification of the project.
• Generate reports for Q/A & Q/C Procedures
• Generate documents related to HSE implementations
• Progress Monitoring
• Budget Monitoring
• Monitoring Cash Flow
• Contract Administration
• Monitoring procurement status
• Monitoring status of site stores (regularly)
• Recording the inputs for valuation of variations (if any)
• Preparation of payment applications for progress claim
• Generate other reports time to time
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
43
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
Site Budget & Cash Flow
Budget – Expected total expenses of the total project
Cost – Total actual expenses associated with the total execution of the project.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
44
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
Site Budget – Continued
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
45
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
2. Construction Phase
2.2 Project Execution
2.2.2 site related
A separate presentation will be done accordingly : which may include;
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Overview to the construction material & machinery/equipment
Site surveying/Setting Out
Construction methods (earth works, f/w, r/f, concreting, finishes, etc.)
Concrete Mix Designs
Q/A & Q/C
HSE
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
46
BRIEF ON MAJOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES - Continued
3.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Handoff
Preparation of project handing over documents
Receiving practical completion letter from consultant
Preparation of as built drawings
Preparing list of balance materials, tools, scaffoldings and etc. and handover to
the main stores
Updating the workers registry with their performance evaluation
Report on difficulties and solutions adopted at site
Update the lessons learned
Material Reconciliation
Handing over photo album and videos to H/O
Demobilization
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
47
7.CONCLUSION
It is highly recommended to go ahead with an E c o - f r i e n d l y , sustainable
construction system for the hotel as such construction involves the use of materials
and processes that are resource-efficient and environmentally responsible
throughout the life cycle of a building.
Environmental benefits:
enhance and protect biodiversity and
ecosystems
improve air and water quality
reduce waste streams
conserve and restore natural resources
Social benefits:
enhance occupant comfort and health
heighten aesthetic qualities
minimize strain on local infrastructure
improve the overall quality of life"
Economic benefits:
reduce operating costs
create, expand, and shape markets for
green product and services
improve occupant productivity
optimize life-cycle economic performance
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
48
ANNEX – 01 : VALUE ENGINEERING
 Value engineering (VE) is a systematic method to improve the "value" of goods or products and
services by using an examination of function.
 Value, as defined, is the ratio of function to cost.
 Value can therefore be manipulated by either improving the function or reducing the cost.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
49
ANNEX – 02 : PROJECT SCHEDULES
To develop a project schedule, the following needs to be completed:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Project scope
Sequence of activities
Tasks grouped into project phases
Task dependencies map
Critical path analysis
Project milestones
(conception, definition & planning, launch, performance, close)
• The critical path method (CPM), or critical path analysis (CPA), is an algorithm for scheduling a set
of project activities. It is commonly used in conjunction with the program evaluation and review
technique (PERT). A critical path is determined by identifying the longest stretch of dependent
activities and measuring the time required to complete them from start to finish.
• A project milestone is a task of zero duration that shows an important achievement in a project.
The milestones should represent a clear sequence of events that incrementally build up until your
project is complete.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
50
ANNEX – 02 : PROJECT SCHEDULES- Continued
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
51
ANNEX – 02 : PROJECT SCHEDULES- Continued
In project management, float or slack is the amount of time that a task in a project
network can be delayed without causing a delay to: subsequent tasks ("free float")
project completion date ("total float").
•
EXAMPLE OF A PROJECT SCHEDULE
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
52
ANNEX – 03 : WORK NORMS & RATE ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS OF RATES FOR BUILDINGS –
YELLOW BOOK (MYANMAR)
Rate = 200.00 LKR/kg = 0.11 USD/kg (180 LKR = 1 USD)
So that, Rebar Unit Rate = 0.11 USD
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
53
ANNEX – 03 : WORK NORMS & RATE ANALYSIS
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
54
ANNEX – 04 : UNDERSTANDING A SIMPLE BOQ
• Sample BOQ of a building project
• A bill of quantities is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in which materials,
parts, and labor (and their costs) are itemized.
• It is one of the communication tool which connects the parties (Client, consultant & contractor) of
construction project. Actually, BOQ is a schedule which categories, details and quantifies the
materials and other cost items to be used in construction project. It is important to know that,
direct costs & indirect costs are to be considered for complete cost of the project which are
covered in different parts of the BOQ.
THE MAJOR PARTS OF BOQ
• Parts of BOQ can be varied according to the project size as well the practices. Generally it has
measured works, Preliminaries & Provisional sums. The contract sum would be addition of these
three items.
• In summary BOQ is very much important for the commercial management purposes. It should be
understood by every construction professional to deliver a quality and expected product to client. In
other words to provide value for money.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
55
ANNEX – 04 : UNDERSTANDING A SIMPLE BOQ- Continued
1. PRELIMINARIES
• In construction industry, preliminaries is known as the indirect cost for execution of project but
these are the costs which is very much vital for the construction activities. The reason for these cost
mentioned separately is it is very difficult to distribute these cost amongst with measured works.
The examples for preliminaries listed below.
• Charges for performance bond, advance payment guarantee & Workmen compensation
• Maintenance of the site clean
• Requirement of site office, site stores & staff accommodation.
• Cost towards the project management staff (QS, Project Manager, Engineering professionals)
• Charges for drawings & safety
• From the above mentioned examples, it can be understood these costs cannot be distributed to
work item but without these expenses there will be no project.
2. MEASURED WORKS
• It is the actual or estimated work will be carried out to complete the project. The works have been
measured in different units. They are liner meter, square meter, cubic meter, number, item & etc.
Value of measured works will be calculated by multiplication of quantities and rate.
3. PROVISIONAL SUMS
• It is the sum which is allocated for the undersigned works at the tender time. It will be adjusted
after the execution of the project.
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
56
ANNEX – 05 : CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY/EQUIPMENT
Refer to the PDF : Compendium of Construction Equipment
Sanken Overseas (Myanmar) Ltd
57
Green Initiatives
1.Use of LED lights across the property, reduce the electrical load and HVAC heat load.
2.Optimized glazing to wall ratio to leverage the natural lighting and simultaneously repel any
heat gain from the façade.
3.Synergized solar water heating systems with hot water generator for energy optimization.
4.Rain water harvesting mechanism installed for lowering water demand.
5.Variable system for HVAC to enhance diversity, flexibility and significantly reduce the energy
footprint
6. Use of sustainable & environment friendly materials
7. Use of Double Glazed Unit (DGU) for guest rooms & public areas to reduce the hear gain and to
achieve the acoustic levels
International Quality – Local Affinity
58
Thank You
59