PRIMING The Priming Effect of Family Obligation on Filipino Students' Academic Performance The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of family obligation on Filipino students' academic performance. This study is specifically concerned with family obligation as a motivational factor that would outweigh other motivational factors such as mastery goal and performance goal in influencing academic performance. Since Filipinos value their family, their sense of obligation (Fuligni, Tseng, & Lam, 1999) might cause them to perform well in school. This study was conducted using a single factorial design. Participants (n=163) were randomly assigned conditions with different motivational factors (Family Obligation, Mastery Goal orientation, Performance Goal orientation, Control). Priming was used to activate the different motivations. The results show that students exposed to family obligation had higher scores in academic performance. The findings of the study will contribute to the developing literature on Filipino behavior in schools. The study also highlights the importance of families on the academic lives of Filipino students. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323143041_The_Priming_Effect_of_Family_Obli gation_on_Filipino_Students'_Academic_Performance INSIGHT: Commonly known that priming is a phenomenon whereby exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention. Filipinos are family oriented and close family ties and when this family or member in the family is an academically inclined or achiever thus, other family member is also influenced to do so consciously or unconsciously. In connection with the study above that in comparison to individualistic goal orientation, family obligation leads to a better academic performance among Filipino students. For them, fulfilling their education is a way of accomplishing their duties for the family. OVERCONFIDENCE Overconfidence Across World Regions In this article, nine world regions (based on samples from 33 nations) are compared in their performance on a cognitive ability test and confidence ratings obtained from the items of the same test. Our results indicate that differences between the world regions are greater on cognitive ability than they are on confidence ratings. Consequently, overconfidence-that is, the degree to which people overestimate their performance on cognitive tasks-is pronounced within the world regions that have lower scores on measures of cognitive ability. A less pronounced overconfidence is also present among the high-achieving world regions. Our findings support a cognitive hypothesis according to which individuals suffer from illusory superiority if the task is difficult. Thus, a commonly observed overconfidence can be seen as a self-deceiving, probably unconscious, mechanism that cushions a person (and countries) from experiencing negative feelings due to cognitive failures. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270520004_Overconfidence_Across_World_Re gions INSIGHT: Having confidence is a need, it is part of our becoming. Confidence is built in so many ways but mostly are achieved in the success of a difficult job or task. Almost all human judgments are influenced by confidence. High levels of overconfidence may be regarded as a negative personality trait because they are associated to a lack of precision and the possibility for irresponsible behavior. An attempt to explain the widespread occurrence of the overconfident conviction that one is superior than others in a broad sense. The study found that confidence is more consistent than cognitive capacity across individuals and between countries, and that overconfidence is a sort of individual survival mechanism. FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR Article of Fundamental Attribution Error The fundamental attribution error is the tendency people have to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others’ behavior. Because of the fundamental attribution error, we tend to believe that others do bad things because they are bad people. We’re inclined to ignore situational factors that might have played a role. https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/fundamental-attribution-error INSIGHT: I believe that everyone has the behavior of this kind of error. We tend to judge automatically without knowing the real reason behind, we seem to react right away with regards to the situation we encounter at that very moment. We ignore the situational factors why that person have done that particular behavior. Fundamental attribution error is a reminder to each of us to look for a situation reasons before concluding of such an action or judgment. INTUITIVE JUDGMENT Intuition in Judgment and Decision Making: Extensive Thinking Without Effort Abstract We claim that intuition is capable of quickly processing multiple pieces of information without noticeable cognitive effort. We advocate a component view stating that intuitive processes in judgment and decision making are responsible for information integration and output formation (e.g., preference, choice), whereas analytic thinking mainly guides input formation such as search, generation, and change of information. We present empirical evidence corroborating this notion and show that integration of information and preference formation works without cognitive control and is unconstrained by the amount of encoded information and cognitive capacity. We discuss the implications of our findings for the bounded rationality perspective and the multiple strategy approach to judgment and decision making. Finally we outline a connectionist framework for integrating intuitive and analytic thought processes. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1047840X.2010.517737 INSIGHT: Everyone of the intuition ability, the ability to know something without analytic reasoning, bridging the gap between the conscious and non-conscious parts of our mind. Intuition provides us with a “gut” response – an inner voice – beyond logic or learned responses, revealing both who we are and the knowledge we have gained. Somehow a feeling that tells us that what you did is right or wrong so you have to do this particular thing, a response according to the situation. If we listen, we can benefit from the creativity it offers and the feeling of confidence that it brings to us. SELF FULFILLING PROPHECY Catharsis, Aggression, and Persuasive Influence: Self-Fulfilling or Self-Defeating Prophecies? Does media endorsement for catharsis produce a self-fulfilling or a self-defeating prophecy? In Study 1, participants who read a procatharsis message (claiming that aggressive action is a good way to relax and reduce anger) subsequently expressed a greater desire to hit a punching bag than did participants who read an anticatharsis message. In Study 2, participants read the same messages and then actually did hit a punching bag. This exercise was followed by an opportunity to engage in laboratory aggression. Contrary to the catharsis hypothesis and to the self-fulfilling prophecy prediction, people who read the procatharsis message and then hit the punching bag were subsequently more aggressive than were people who read the anticatharsis message. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13189135_Catharsis_Aggression_and_Persuasi ve_Influence_Self-Fulfilling_or_Self-Defeating_Prophecies INSIGHT: Undeniably in our daily basis in our society we are being influenced. Self-fulfilling prophecy refers to the way humans alter their behavior to match the expectations of others, and how easily a person can be persuaded by others' expectations — even if those expectations are wrong. The result can be either favorable or negative. In connection to the study above that it if the person will use aggressive action to relax then they tend to imitate it because it says that it could reduce anger. In this matter, in conclusion to the study it really shows that people who read the procatharsis message and then hit the punching bag were subsequently more aggressive than were people who read the anticatharsis message. In this regards individual tend to do what others say not even thinking about the possible effect even f it would lead to their danger and that is what self-fulfilling prophecy all about.
