Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) Mediated Tissue Regeneration Presented by Collin Keating The Chronic Pain Problem 100 million people experience chronic pain in the US and 1.5 billion worldwide1 10% of Americans experienced pain everyday in the last 3 months or more 2 27% low back pain / 15% migraines / 15% neck pain / 4% facial pain 3 #1 cause of long-term disability in US3 36 million Americans miss work every year due to chronic pain 3 Chronic pain treatment focuses on symptom suppression, not solving issue Effect of Chronic Pain on Health Problems associated with chronic pain include: ○ Decreased life satisfaction3 ○ Insomnia - 20%3 ○ Depression - 77%3 ○ Chemical dependency3 ○ ■ Different than addiction, patients rely on medication to suppress pain ■ Anti-opioid sentiments harming chronic pain patients Suicide - HR 2.15 for extreme pain4 Current Treatments for Musculoskeletal Pain 1. Physical therapy 2. Surgery 3. Laser ablation 4. Corticosteroid injections 5. Pain medication 6. Implantable peripheral nerve stimulation devices 7. Limited treatments with adult stem cells outside United States Stem Cells A Promising Treatment Pros: ● ● Used by body in injury repair naturally Able to treat intractable injuries Cons: ● ● ● No FDA approved treatments for injuries Teratoma formation Stem cells grow slowly How Can LLLT Help Repair Injuries? LLLT can accelerate stem cell growth in vitro5,6,7,8,9 and the healing process in vivo ● ● ● ● ● ● Works on a variety of tissue types10 Helps maintain non-differentiation in vitro9 Facilitates induced differentiation in vitro7 Increased angiogenesis in many cases11,12 Decreased inflammation stage in certain tissue types 11 Increased regeneration12,13,14,15,16,17 Can be used in combination with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC’s) LLLT Regeneration Mechanisms ● ● ● ● Credit: Gupta, et al. Increased cytochrome c enzyme activity and etransport Enhanced mitochondrial respiration Enhanced ATP production Increased oxidative redox potential → Activated intracellular signalling pathways Conclusion Chronic pain affects large percentages of the population Photomedicine alone an effective treatment for injury repair Stem cells most promising treatment for solving underlying issue Photomedicine enhances stem cell proliferation and viability Photomedicine and stem cell treatments work synergistically Sources 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. “Summary.” Relieving Pain in America: a Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research, National Academies Press, 2011. “NIH Analysis Shows Americans Are In Pain.” National Center For Complementary and Integrative Health, NCCIH, 11 Aug. 2015, www.nccih.nih.gov/news/press-releases/nih-analysis-shows-americans-are-in-pain. 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