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American
ENGLISH FILE
W orkbook
Christina Latham-Koenig
Clive Oxenden
Jane H u d s o n
Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of
English File 1 and English File 2
OXFORD
U N IV ER SITY
PRESS
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1
4
A Mood food
7
B
10
Family life
PRACTICAL ENGLISH M eeting th e parents
2
11
A Spend or save?
14
B
Changing lives
3
17
A Race across Florida
20
B
23
PRACTICAL ENGLISH A d iffic u lt celebrity
S te re o ty p e s -o ra re they?
4
24
A Failure and success
27
B
Modern manners?
5
30
A Sports superstitions
33
B
36
PRACTICAL ENGLISH Old friends
69
LISTENING
Love a t E xit 19
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S T U D Y L IN K
ffiflTa-jia a S E L F -A S S E S S M E N T C D -R O M
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The tw o biggest best-sellers in any bookstore are th e cookbooks and the diet books.
The cookbooks te ll you how to prepare the food and the diet books te ll you how not to eat any o f it.
Andy Rooney, US humorist
1A
Mood food
1 V O C A B U L A R Y food and cooking
a ( ^ h d e ) th e w o r d t h a t is d if f e r e n t . E x p la in w h y .
1 (beam s )
g ra p e s
peach
p o rk
la m b
cabbage
pear
pepper
T h e o th e r s a re a l l ____________________________
4 e g g p la n t
le m o n
m ango
m e lo n
T h e o th e r s a re a l l ____________________________
5 c ra b
m u s s e ls
beef
s h r im p
T h e o th e r s a re a l l ____________________________
6 cabbage
ch e rry
z u c c h in i
ea r n e d
1
fre s h
Canned
fro ze n
lo w -fa t
ta k e -o u t
3 A r e th e re a n y ___________________ p e a s i n th e fre e z e r?
4 I'm d o n ’t r e a lly l i k e ___________________ fis h , s o I n e v e r
e at s u s h i.
5 H a n n a h ’s o n a d ie t, s o sh e b o u g h t s o m e ______________
y o g u r t to h a ve f o r d e sse rt.
6 T h e y e at a lo t o f ___________________ f o o d in M e x ic o .
7 W e b u y ___________________ b re a d f r o m th e b a k e ry
e v e ry m o r n in g .
cucum ber
C o m p le t e th e c r o s s w o r d .
C lues down
sp icy
to m a to e s u s u a lly la s t f o r a b o u t t w o y e a rs
T h e o th e r s a re a l l ____________________________
b
raw
fo r d in n e r.
s a lm o n
T h e o th e r s a re a l l ____________________________
3 beet
C o m p le t e th e s e n te n c e s w it h th e w o r d s i n t h e b o x .
2 I d o n ’t fe e l lik e c o o k in g . L e t 's g e t ___________________
fruit
T h e o th e r s a re a ll
2 beef
ra sp b e rry
c
C lu es a cro ss
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2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N vowel sounds
a
3 G R A M M A R simple present / continuous,
action and nonaction verbs
W r it e th e w o r d s i n th e c h a r t.
a
beef carton chicken chocolate cook crab
soup jar mango peach raw salt
sausage squid sugar tuna
A r e th e h ig h lig h t e d p h r a s e s r ig h t ( / ) o r w r o n g ( / ) ?
C o r r e c t th e w r o n g p h r a s e s .
1 D o e s y o u r g ir lf r ie n d lik e s e a fo o d ?
2 L u c y ’s in th e k itc h e n . S h e m a k e s a c u p o f c o ffe e .
She’s making ______________________________________
fish
tre e
clock
saw
cat
bull
car
3
A r e y o u e a tin g o u t e v e ry w e e k e n d ?
4
I d o n ’t k n o w w h a t to c o o k f o r d in n e r .
5
A r e y o u t h in k in g th e fis h is c o o k e d n o w ?
LH
boot
6 W e ’re h a v in g lu n c h w ith m y p a re n ts e ve ry S u nday. L d
M y m o th e r’s in th e y ard . S h e ’s m o w in g the la w n .
Ld
8
I’m n o t w a n tin g a n y p o ta to e s w it h m y fis h , th a n k s. E H
9
D o y o u p re fe r ste a m e d r ic e to f r ie d r ic e ?
LH
Ja c k ’s o n th e p h o n e . H e o rd e rs so m e p iz z a s .
Ld
L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n lis t e n a g a in a n d
b
r e p e a t th e w o r d s .
Pronouncing difficult words
c
7
W r it e th e w o r d s .
2
10
boiled
1 / b o ild /
/'ktebid3/
3 /'s p a is i/
________
b
C o m p le t e th e s e n te n c e s w it h th e s im p le p r e s e n t
o r c o n t in u o u s f o r m o f th e v e r b s i n p a r e n th e s e s .
4 / r o o s tid /
5 /g re ip s/
_________
1 O u r n e ig h b o r s
grow
a ll o f t h e ir o w n v e g e tab le s,
(g ro w )
6 /fru t/
________
7 / b e ik t/
2 M y m o t h e r ____________u s u a lly ____________ o n th e
w e e k e n d , (n o t co o k )
8 /'m e lo n /
9 / z u 'k in i/
_________
3 D o y o u w a n t to c o m e f o r lu n c h o n S u n d a y ?
W e ________________________ro a s t c h ic k e n , (have)
p u n s
L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n lis t e n a g a in a n d
r e p e a t th e w o r d s .
4 W e ________________________to n ig h t b e ca u se th e r e ’s
a s o c c e r g a m e o n T V . (n o t g o out)
5 ____________ y o u u s u a lly ____________ y o u r b irth d a y
w it h y o u r f a m ily ? (sp en d)
6 T h a t r e s t a u r a n t ___________ d e lic io u s m u s s e ls at
lu n c h t im e , (serve)
7 H o w o f t e n ____________y o u ____________ in a t y p ic a l
w e e k ? (eat out)
8 I ________________________ a n a p p e tiz e r b e c a u s e I ’m
n o t h u n g ry , (n o t have)
9 W e ____________o f t e n ____________ ste a k , (n o t b u y)
10
M y b o y fr ie n d 's o n a d ie t s o h e ______________________
o n f r ie d fo o d , (cu t d o w n )
5
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4
a
R E A D IN G
b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e s e n t e n c e s T ( tru e ) o r F (fa lse ).
1 A t y p ic a l A m e r ic a n b re a kfa st every m o r n in g is n ’t g o o d fo r you. X
R e a d t h e a r t ic le o n c e a n d p u t th e h e a d in g s i n
2 T h e b e s t b r e a k fa s t is a n y ty p e o f ce re a l.
th e c o r r e c t p la c e .
__
3 A n A m e r ic a n n u t r it io n is t c a r e fu lly c a lc u la te d th e a m o u n t
o f f r u it s a n d v e g e ta b le s w e s h o u ld eat.
B H o w c a n I p re v e n t se rio u s illn e sse s?
4 W e s h o u ld eat m o re th a n fiv e s e rv in g s o f f r u it s an d
C H o w .should 1 st ar t t h e day?
The truth about
healthy eating
Food experts are always telling us what we should
and shouldn't eat, but they often give us different
advice. Our food writer, Teresa Gold, has taken a look
at all the information to figure out what is fact and
what is fiction.
ı c_______
A typical American breakfast of fried eggs, bacon,
toast, pancakes, and orange juice will certainly stop
you from feeling hungry, but it's high in calories, which
means that you'll gain weight if you eat it regularly.
A healthier option is to have just an egg. Boil it
instead of frying it, and eat it with a piece of toast
made with whole-wheat bread. Breakfast cereals
are very high in sugar, so if you feel like cereal,
have granola - with no added sugar. You can also
get your first vitamins of the day by drinking a glass
of freshly squeezed orange juice.
2 ______________
Fruits and vegetables contain the vitamins and
minerals we need to stay healthy. But five is actually
a fictional nurnberthought up by an American
nutritionist. She looked at what the average person
ate and doubled it. According to more recent
research, the right number is actually eight. The
research shows that people who have eight pieces
of fruit and vegetables a day are much less likely to
suffer from heart disease than those who eat three.
3 _____________
This particular fruit has had some bad publicity because
dentists say it can harm our teeth. While it's true that
apples do contain a little sugar, they are also a source
of fiber Nutritionists say that we need about 18 grams
of fibera day, and a medium apple- peel included —
contains about 3 grams. Some varieties contain more
fiber than others, so you should choose carefully.
4 _____________
The key to good health is a balanced diet that contains
fats and carbohydrates as well as proteins, vitamins,
and minerals. Fats may be high in calories, but they also
contain vitamins. According to the World Cancer Research
Fund, you should only have about 500 grams of red meat
per week - a steak is about 100 grams. One type of food
on its own won't kill or cure you, but eating the right
amount of the right food will stop you from getting sick.
6
__
veg e tab le s p e r day.
D D o I re a lly need to eat fiv e a day?
5 A p p le s c o n t a in a lo t o f su g a r.
__
6 A l l a p p le s h a ve th e sa m e a m o u n t o f fib e r.
c
7 F a ts c a n b e g o o d f o r u s.
__
8 Y o u c a n e a t as m u c h re d m e a t a s y o u w a n t to .
__
L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s . W h a t d o y o u
t h i n k th e y m e a n ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y t o lo o k u p t h e ir
m e a n in g a n d p r o n u n c ia t io n .
5 L IS T E N IN G
a
L is t e n to a r a d io c a ll- in p r o g r a m a b o u t th e a r t ic le
in e x e r c is e
4. C h e c k
( / ) th e c a lle r( s ) w h o c o m p le t e ly a g re e
w it h it.
A K e v in
Ld
C D e re k
B K a te
□
D R o s ie
□
b L is t e n a g a in a n d a n s w e r th e q u e s tio n s .
W h ic h c a lle r ...?
1 t h in k s t h a t s o m e f r u it s a n d v e g e ta b le s a re u n h e a lt h y __
2 sa ys th a t m o s t c h ild r e n p re fe r fa s t fo o d
__
3 e a ts v e r y lit t le f r u it
__
4 is v e r y h e a lth y b e c a u s e he/sh e e ats a lo t o f
f r u it s a n d v e g e ta b le s
c
L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p . 69 .
USEFUL W O RDS A N D PH R A SES
L e a rn th ese w ord s and p h rases.
c a rb o h y d r a te s / k a r b o o 'h a id r e it s /
p r o t e in / 'p r o u t in /
a w a k e /a'wexk/
o ily /'o ili/
p o w e r f u l / 'p a o a r fl/
re la x e d /n 'k e k s t/
sle e p y /'s lip i/
s t r e s s fu l /'stre sfl/
b e n e f ic ia l / b c n a 'fijl/
re a d y -m a d e fo o d /re d i m e id 'fu d /
__
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Happy fam ilies are all alike; every unhappy family
is unhappy in its own way.
First line o f Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer
IB
Family life
1 G R A M M A R future forms
a
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f th e v e r b s o r p h r a s e s o n th e r ig h t .
2 D o n 't w o r r y a b o u t th e d r in k s . ___________________________ fo r th e m .
he / look for (an in te n tio n )
I / pay (an o ffe r)
3 ___________________________ so m e m o re c o ffe e .
I / make (an o ffe r)
4 D o y o u t h i n k ___________________________ b e fo re y o u ’re 3 0 ?
you / get married (a pre d ictio n )
we / not go (an a rra n g em e n t)
1 M y b r o t h e r h a te s h is jo b .
H e’s going to lo ok f o r a n e w o n e .
5 ___________________________ t o m y c o u s in ’s w e d d in g . W e 'll b e o n v a c a tio n .
6 A
A r e y o u re a d y to o rd e r?
B Y e s , ___________________________ th e stea k.
7 ___________________________ 21 o n m y n e x t b irth d a y .
8 ___________________________ fo r d in n e r to n ig h t. Y o u p a id la s t tim e .
9 I ’m g o in g to th e m a ll. ___________________________ lo n g .
10
a p a rty fo r m y g ra n d m o th e r’s 8 0 th b irth d a y to m o rro w .
I / have (an in s t a n t d e c is io n )
I / be (a fact)
we / pay (an o ffe r)
I / not be (a p ro m is e )
we / have (an a rra n g em e n t)
b C o m p le t e th e d ia lo g u e s w it h th e c o r r e c t f u t u r e f o r m o f th e v e r b s i n p a r e n th e s e s .
1 A Are you going away this weekend? (go away)
B No, w e _________________ here. Why? (stay)
A We_________________ a barbecue. Would you like to come? (have)
2
A I'm too tired to cook. I____________some Chinese take-out food tonight, (order)
B Good idea. I____________ the restaurant. What do you want for an appetizer? (call)
A I____________ the spring rolls, please, (have)
3
A What tim e ___________ you____________ in the morning? (leave)
B I _________________ the six o'clock train, (take)
A I____________ you a ride to the train station, (give)
4
A W hat___________ you____________ tonight? (do)
B I ______________________ the new James Bond movie. Do you want to come? (see)
A No, thanks. I’ve already seen it. You____________it! (love)
5
A I____________you with the dishes, (help)
B OK. I ____________ and you can dry. But please be careful with the glasses, (wash)
A Don’t worry. I____________ anything! (not break)
7
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2
b
e a c h o th e r
a d je c t iv e s in th e b o x .
R e w r it e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h
each other.
1 M y b r o t h e r ’s s h o u t in g at m y s is te r a n d sh e ’s s h o u tin g a t h im .
M y b r o t h e r a n d s is te r
M a t c h th e c o m m e n t s w it h th e p e r s o n a lit y
are shouting at each other
.
2 R o b d o e s n 't k n o w A le x a n d A le x d o e s n ’ t k n o w R o b .
R o b a n d A l e x _________________________________________________ .
3 I ’m n o t s p e a k in g to m y s is te r a n d sh e is n ’t s p e a k in g to m e.
M y s is te r a n d I ________________________________________________.
4 I d o n ’t u n d e r s ta n d y o u a n d y o u d o n 't u n d e rs ta n d m e.
aggressive am bitious independent
jealous reliable se lf-c o n fid e n t selfish
sensible -spotted stubborn
1 “ W h e n I w a n t s o m e th in g , m y p a re n ts
a lw a y s g iv e it to m e .”
spoiled _________________
2 “ I d o n ’t lik e m y b o y f r ie n d t a lk in g to
o th e r w o m e n .”
W e ___________________________________________________________ .
5 T h e c o a c h r e s p e c ts th e p la y e rs a n d th e y re s p e c t h im .
T h e c o a c h a n d th e p la y e r s ____________________________________ .
3 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
a
3 “ I’m a lw a y s th e re w h e n m y fr ie n d s need
m y h e lp .”
4 “ T h o s e a re m y p e n s a n d y o u c a n ’ t
b o r r o w th e m .”
ffliE E I lE ft i L is t e n a n d c o m p le t e th e s e n te n c e s .
1
When
a re y o u g o in g to
b ook
vacation ?
your
2 I ’m _____________ g o in g t o ______________ t h e ______________ yet.
5 “ I'm g o in g to g o to b e d e a rly s o I c a n sle e p
w e ll b e fo re m y te s t to m o rro w '.”
3 I 'm g o in g t o ___________________________ .
4 _____________ a re y o u ____________________________ ?
6 “ I’ l l h it y o u i f y o u d o th a t a g a in ! ”
5 I ’m _____________ s o m e ______________ .
6 I ’m ____________________________m y ______________ .
7 _____________ w i l l y o u ______________ y o u r t e s t ______________ ?
8 1_____________ get t h e m ____________________________ .
9 I ' l l _____________ th e m o n ______________ .
b
7 “ I fe e l v e r y c o m fo r ta b le w h e n I ’m s p e a k in g
in p u b lic .”
8 “ I'd lik e t o b e th e m a n a g e r o f a b ig
m u lt in a t io n a l c o m p a n y .”
L is t e n a g a in a n d r e p e a t. C o p y th e r h y t h m .
9 “ T h a t ’s w h a t I t h in k a n d I’m n o t g o in g to
4 V O C A B U L A R Y family, adjectives of personality
a
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h a f a m ily w o r d .
1 Y o u r m o th e r a n d fa th e r a re y o u r p arents
3 A c h ild w h o h a s n o b r o th e r s o r s is te rs is a n o n _____________
ch___________ .
4 Y o u r b r o t h e r ’s d a u g h te r is y o u r n _____________ .
5 Y o u r fa th e r ’s s is te r is y o u r a_____________ .
6 Y o u r s p o u s e , c h ild r e n , p a re n ts , a n d b r o th e r s a n d s is te rs
a re y o u r im _____________ f ______________.
7 Y o u r fa th e r ’s n e w w ife is y o u r s_____________ .
8 Y o u r w ife 's o r h u s b a n d ’s fa th e r is y o u r
f _____________-i____ -I____________ 1 .
9 Y o u r a u n ts , u n c le s a n d c o u s in s a re y o u r ex_____________
f ___________ .
8
10 “ I ’d p r e fe r to d o t h is o n m y o w n , t h a n k s .”
,
2 Y o u r g ra n d fa th e r’s fa th e r is y o u r gr_________ -g r__________________
10
c h a n g e m y m in d .”
Y o u r b r o th e r 's o r s is te r's s o n is y o u r n _____________ .
c W r it e th e o p p o s it e a d je c tiv e s . U s e a
n e g a tiv e p r e f i x i f n e c e s s a ry .
1 g e n e ro u s
2 k in d
cheap _____________
______________________
3 la z y
4 m a tu r e
______________________
5 o r g a n iz e d
______________________
6 s e n s itiv e
______________________
7 t a lk a tiv e
______________________
8 c le a n
_____________________
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5
R E A D IN G
b
R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . C h o o s e th e c o r r e c t a n s w e r s
a c c o r d in g t o th e i n f o r m a t io n g iv e n .
a
R e a d t h e a r t ic le o n c e . W h y d o th e B e d o u in s p r e fe r
1 In th e pa st, m o s t f a m ilie s in S o u t h e r n E u r o p e a n d the
t o liv e t o g e t h e r i n a b ig f a m ily g r o u p ?
M id d le E a s t w e r e ...
a s m a lle r.
Extrem e fa m ily ties
( b ) c lo se r.
c ric h e r.
2 T h e r e is n ’t m u c h ... in a B e d o u in tent,
a f u r n it u r e
I Family can be an important part of a person's life,
and for some nationalities being close to your family
is more important than it is to others. For example,
families in Southern Europe are generally very close,
although in the past they spent even more time together.
This is also true of families in the Middle East. But it
is the Bedouin people who have the closest ties of all.
b lig h t
c sp ace
3 B e d o u in ... s p e n d m o s t o f th e d a y in s id e ,
a m en
b w om en
c c h ild r e n
4 Y o u n g B e d o u in s w h o liv e in th e c it y . ..
a h a r d ly e v e r g o h o m e .
b d o n ’t e a r n m u c h m o n e y,
c
d o n ’t lo s e to u c h w it h t h e ir fa m ilie s .
5 M e m b e r s o f a B e d o u in f a m ily h e lp e a c h o th e r t o . ..
a s u r v iv e .
c
b get a job .
c c h o o s e c lo th e s .
L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s . W h a t
d o y o u t h in k t h e y m e a n ? U s e y o u r d i c t io n a r y to lo o k
u p t h e ir m e a n in g a n d p r o n u n c ia t io n .
6 L IS T E N IN G
a
j g j g j g ) L is t e n to a c o u p le , T e r r y a n d Jan e , t a lk in g
a b o u t g o in g t o liv e w it h th e in - la w s . W h a t d o t h e y
d e c id e a t th e e n d o f th e c o n v e r s a t io n ?
b L is t e n a g a in a n d m a r k th e s e n te n c e s T (tru e ) o r F (false).
1 T e r r y a n d Jan e a re b o t h v e r y tir e d .
Traditional Bedouin fam ilies live in large te n ts about half the size
X
2 T e r r y is m o re o p t im is t ic a b o u t th e fu tu re th a n jane. __
o f a basketball court. The tents are divided into tw o sections: the
firs t is fo r receiving guests in true Bedouin style - they have the
reputation o f being the world's most generous hosts. Visitors are
3 T e r r y 's p a re n ts h a v e s u g g e s te d th e f a m ily m o v e
always served a big meal as soon as they arrive. The second part
4 T e r r y sa ys th a t i f th e y a ll liv e d to g e th e r, h is
in w it h th e m .
o f the ten t is the family's shared kitchen, living room, dining room,
__
p a re n ts w o u ld b a b y s it.
and bedroom. They don't have tables and chairs, as the whole
fam ily sits on the flo o r to eat. And instead o f beds, everybody
5 Jan e t h in k s t h a t th e n e w p la n w o u ld m e a n le ss
h o u s e w o r k f o r h e r.
sleeps on mattresses, which are piled into a corner o f the room
__
6 Jane w o r r ie s th a t th e g r a n d p a r e n ts w o u ld s p o il
during the day.
th e c h ild r e n .
Several generations usually share the tent. The head o f the
fam ily is the mother, and she is the one who gives the orders.
c
L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p . 6 9 .
Her husband and her children live with her, even when the children
are married and have th e ir own children. The sons and sons-in-law
look a fte r the animals, while the daughters and daughters-in-
USEFUL W O RDS A N D PH R A SES
law clean the tent, cook the meals, and take care o f the younger
grandchildren. The older ones are le ft to run around outside.
There may often be as many as 30 people under the same roof.
The few young people who have le ft the family to live in the city
visit their mothers nearly every day. It can be quite a surprise to
see a shiny new Mercedes pull up outside one o f the tents and
watch a well-dressed man get out to greet his relatives.
Bedouin people do not like to be separated from th e ir families
and there is a very good reason why. If they are poor, sick, old, or
L e a r n th e se w ord s and p h ra se s.
s ic k /sik /
b o a r d in g s c h o o l
/'b o rd rp s k u l/
c h ild h o o d
gang
v a lu e /'vselyu/
t ja ik lh o d
lgsay
f ig h t /fa it/
a w a re o f /a'w er av/
g a th e r in g /'gtedarit)/
n o w o n d e r / n o o 'w An dar/
r iv a lr y / 'r a iv a lr i/
unemployed, it is the family that supports them. Elderly people are
never le ft alone, and problems are always shared. Children who
w ork in the city are often responsible fo r th e ir families financially.
932^33)
FILE 1
In this way, Bedouin families aren't ju st close; they are a lifeline.
9
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Practical English Meeting the parents
1 R E A C T IN G T O W H A T P E O P L E S A Y
C o m p le t e th e d ia lo g u e s .
1
3 R E A D IN G
a
Ben
Oh , 1 no ! I don’t 2 b_________ it!
In w h ic h p la c e ...?
Charlotte
W hat’s wrong!
1 c a n y o u see a c e le b r ity
Ben
I didn’t te ll my mom th a t you don’t eat meat.
2 d o m u s ic ia n s co m e to h e a r o th e r
Charlotte
You’r e 3 k_________ !
Ben
m u s ic ia n s p e r fo r m
No, I’m not. N e ve r 4 m_________it ’ll te ll
3 c a n y o u h e a r in te rn a tio n a l styles o f ja z z
_________________
4 c a n y o u see w h a t ’s h a p p e n in g o n lin e
_________________
Mom! C h a rlo tte ’s a vegetarian.
5 s h o u ld y o u b u y a tic k e t b e fo re y o u g o
_________________
5 R_________ ?
6 d o e s th e m u s ic f in is h v e ry la te
_________________
Charlotte
Yes, b u t it isn’t a problem.
Mom
W hat a 6 p_________ ! I made a m eat
J a z z in
New y c rk
Charlotte
That's fin e. Thanks, Mrs. Lord.
S teve
We have som ething to te ll you. We
New York is famous for its jazz, and for
music fans no trip to the city is complete
without a visit to one of the many jazz
venues. Here are four of the many places
you can go to hear jazz being performed.
found a house th a t w e like.
7 H__________fa n ta s tic !
Steve
And it isn't to o expensive.
Jill
T h a t’s g r e a t 3 n_________ I Could I see it
some time?
S teve
Barbes
9W_________ a g re a t idea! I’ll ca ll and
Barbes is a bar and performance venue in the Park Slope neighborhood
of Brooklyn. Come here to listen to musical styles from all over
the world, such as Mexican, Lebanese, Romanian, and Venezuelan
along with traditional American styles. Usually $10 to get in.
make an appointm ent.
2 S O C IA L E N G L IS H
55 Bar
C o m p le t e th e d ia lo g u e s w it h th e p h r a s e s i n th e b o x .
Located in Greenwich Village, this small club, which started in 1919,
has a very interesting history. Cometo hear jazz guitarists play,
and expect to see lots of serious jazz fans and music students from
local colleges and music schools. Usually $ 1 0 -2 0 .
a-really-n iee-g u y Go ahead How do you see I mean
How incredible Not really That’s because things like tha t
A W hat did you th in k o f my dad?
B He's
2
Smalls
a really nice guy .
This club was created in 1994, but has already become very
famous in New York because well-known players such as Norah
Jones began their careers here. The club closed in 2002, but
opened again in 2004, with a more comfortable room and a website
tha t features live streaming video o f all performances. It opens
from 4 p.m. to 4 a.m. $20 to get in.
A _______________ your future?
B I th in k w e’ll be ve ry happy together.
3
A I hear you speak Spanish. Are you bilingual?
B _______________ . B ut I can speak it well.
4
5
A I’m sorry. I’m n o t ve ry hungry.
B _______________ you a te to o much fo r lunch!
Cafe Carlyle
A You know, I th in k we w e n t to th e same school.
Come to the first floor o fth e famous Carlyle Hotel to visit the Cafe
Carlyle. It’s particularly worth going on Monday nights - not only will
you hear jazz from the Eddy Davis New Orleans Jazz Band, but you
will also hear the famous movie director Woody Allen play with them.
As well as being a director, Woody Allen is also a jazz musician. Sets at
8:45. The venue holds only 90 and is often sold out, so it’s a good idea
to book ahead. But it isn't cheap - tickets start at $100.
B ________________ !
6
A Can I have ano the r piece o f chicken, please?
B ______________ . There’s more in th e kitchen.
7
A W hat kind o f books do you read?
B Biographies, h istory books,_______________ .
8
_________________
Mom
Jill
1
Cafe Carlyle
her now.
lasagna. But there's p le n ty o f salad.
2
R e a d th e t e x t a n d a n s w e r th e q u e s tio n s .
A You w ouldn't w ant to go to th e co n ce rt w ith us.
B Yes, I w o u ld !_______________ , I love classical music.
b
U n d e r lin e fiv e w o r d s o r p h r a s e s y o u d o n ’t k n o w . U s e y o u r
d ic t io n a r y t o lo o k u p t h e ir m e a n in g a n d p r o n u n c ia t io n .
languagedownload.ir
W hen a man t e lls you he g o t rich th ro u g h
hard w o rk , a s k him: Whose?
Don Marquis, US Writer
2A
Spend or save?
1 V O C A B U L A R Y money
a
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h th e c o r r e c t v e r b
in p a r e n th e s e s .
1 M y s is te r
wastes
C o m p le t e th e a d v e r t is e m e n t w it h th e w o r d s i n th e b o x .
ATM b en k-aeeo tm f bills
m ortgage salary taxes
coin
loan
a lo t o f m o n e y o n c lo th e s she
n e v e r w ea rs, (w astes / saves)
2 I c a n 't ___________________ to b u y a h o u s e o f m y o w n .
(pay / a ffo rd )
3 Y o u ’ l l have t o ___________________ a lo t o f m o n e y i f y o u
w a n t to tra v e l a r o u n d th e w o r ld n e x t year, (co st / save)
4 K e v i n ___________________ a b o u t $ 2 ,5 0 0 a m o n th at h is
n e w job . ( w in s / e a rn s)
5 T h a t p a in t in g ___________________ a lo t o f m oney.
(charges / is w o rth )
6 M y u n c le is d o in g a b ik e r id e t o ___________________
m o n e y fo r c h a rity , (raise / save)
7 W e s t i l l ___________________ th e b a n k a lo t o f m oney.
(ow e / earn)
8 M a r y ___________________ $ 5 ,0 0 0 f r o m h e r g ra n d fa th e r
w h e n he d ie d , ( in h e rite d / in ve ste d )
9 T h e p lu m b e r ___________________ m e $ 2 5 0 to f ix m y
sh o w e r, (co st / ch a rg e d )
10
C a n y o u ___________________m e $ 2 0 0 u n t il I g et p a id ?
( b o r r o w / le n d )
b
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h th e c o r r e c t p r e p o s it io n .
1 I’l l p a y
fo r
th e m o v ie tic k e ts i f y o u get th e sn acks!
2 T h e y ch a rg e d u s $ 5 ______________ a b o ttle o f w ater.
3 T h e y g o t ______________ d e b t w h e n th e y b o u g h t th e ir
W hafs so good about
CASH Internet Banking pic
OUR ACCOUNT SERVICES
Open a 1 b a n k a c c o u n t
with us and we'll give
you a free g ift - you'll get a tab le t co m p ute r if
you earn over $3,000 a m onth. C onsult our online
service 24/7 and use your card in t h e 2____________
o f any bank to take out as much o r as little m oney as
you want. Do you have a lot o f change? Use our free
3 ____________ counter and dep o sit the tota l directly
into your savings account. Does your com pany pay
y o u r 4____________ d ire ctly into the bank? Then we
w o n 't charge you anything fo r your card. W e’ll even
pay all y o u r 5____________ fo r you, free o f charge.
n e w house.
4 W e b o r r o w e d s o m e m o n e y ______________m y p a re n ts.
5 M y g ra n d p a re n ts a lw a y s p a y ______________ ca sh .
OUR FINANCING SERVICES
6 I d o n 't m in d le n d in g m o n e y ______________ fa m ily .
Do you need to borrow m oney for a car, a vacation,
7 T h e y s p e n t a lo t o f m o n e y ______________ t h e ir so n 's
o r a new laptop? We'll give you a 6____________ of
e d u c a tio n .
8 C a n I p a y ______________ c r e d it c a rd ?
9 P h il in v e s te d a ll h is m o n e y ______________ h is
o w n com pany.
up to $ 10,000 fo r w hatever you w ant to buy.
And how about a new house? We can give you a
7____________ at one o f the lowest interest rates
on the market.
OUR EXTRA SERVICES
How m uch do you pay in 8____________ ? Talk to
our sp ecialists to make sure you're paying the right
am ount - the y can help you pay less.
Com e to CASH Internet fo r the best accounts, the
best services, and the best savings.
11
languagedownload.ir
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N the letter o
a
4 R E A D IN G
( C ir c le ) th e w o r d w it h a d if f e r e n t s o u n d .
a
R e a d th e f ir s t c h a p t e r o f a b o o k a b o u t D a n ie l
S u e lo o n c e . W h e r e d id h e d e c id e to liv e ?
2
1
3 (J Q S
A
i
up
clock
money
nothing
(soldj)
won
b
honest
shopping
dollar
clothes
phone
done
owe
go
loan
L II
3 in th e c o u n t r y
2 w it h f a m ily
LH
4 in a c it y
bird
horse
afford
worse
store
m ortgage
1 w it h fr ie n d s
w ork
world
sh ort
w o rth
L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n lis t e n a g a in a n d r e p e a t
The man who
quit money
I
n the firs t year o f the tw e n ty -firs t
th e w o r d s .
century, a man standing by a busy
road in the middle o f the United
3 G R A M M A R present perfect and simple past
States took his life savings o u t o f
his pocket - $30 - laid it inside a
a
(^Trcle) th e c o r r e c t a n s w e r.
phone booth, and walked away.
\(haye neverowedj)/ never owed a n y m o n e y to th e b a n k in m y life .
2 T h e y have charged / charged u s to o m u c h f o r o u r m e a l la s t n ig h t.
3 I k n o w so m e g re a t c h e a p p la c e s to sta y in S e o u l. I've been / 1 went
1
5
hasn’t inherited / didn’t inherit a n y t h in g f r o m h is
college. He was not mentally ill,
w ith drugs o r alcohol. The decision was
g r a n d m o th e r w h e n sh e d ie d .
made by a man who knew exactly w hat he was doing.
You’ve lent I you lent h im m o n e y s o m a n y tim e s , b u t h e n e v e r
In the twelve years since then, as the stock market
p a y s y o u b a ck!
has risen and fallen, Daniel Suelo has n o t earned,
has your TV cost / did your TV cost?
7 H o w m a n y t im e s have you wasted / did you waste m o n e y o n
6 H o w m uch
received, o r spent a single dollar. In an era when
anyone who could sign his name could get a
mortgage, Suelo did not apply fo r loans. As public
c lo th e s y o u n e v e r w e a r?
8 I haven’t had / didn’t have a n y c o in s , s o I c o u ld n 't p u t a n y m o n e y
debt rose to eight, ten, and finally th irte e n trillion
dollars, he did not pay taxes, o r accept any type of
in th e p a r k in g m e te r.
Haveyou ever invested / Didyou ever invest an y m o n e y in a co m p a n y ?
10 M y g ir lf r ie n d h a s a h ig h - p a y in g jo b . S h e has earned / earned
9
help from the government.
Instead he w ent to live in a cave in Utah, where he
picks fru it and wild onions, collects animals th a t have
$ 8 5 , 0 0 0 la s t year.
b
a good family, and had been to
nor did he have any problems
th e re a fe w tim e s .
4 Paul
He was 39 years old, came from
C o m p le t e th e d ia lo g u e s w it h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f th e v e r b s in
p a r e n th e s e s .
been killed on the road, takes old food th a t has
gone past its sell-by date o u t o f trash cans, and is
o fte n fed by friends and strangers. “ My philosophy
is to use only w hat is freely given or d is c a rd e d h e
1
A When
did
your son
buy
his car? (buy!
B When h e ___________ his driving te s t last m onth, (pass)
2
A How much m o n ey_________ y o u _________ fro m your sister
yesterday? (borrow)
B About $100, but I already__________________ it all. (spend)
3
A _________ y o u _________ a new house yet? (find)
B Yes, and the bank__________________ to give me a mortgage.
(agree)
writes. While the rest o f us try to deal w ith taxes,
mortgages, retirem ent plans, and bank accounts,
Suelo no longer even has an ID card.
Daniel is n o t a typical tram p. He o fte n w orks - but
refuses to be paid. A lthough he lives in a cave,
he is extrem ely social, remains close to friends
and family, and has discussions w ith strangers on
his website w hich he checks a t th e local library.
He has ridden his bike long distances, traveled on
4
A _________ you ever_________ any money to a friend? (lend)
B Only to my boyfriend when h e _________ a new phone, (need)
5
A _________ your m o th e r_________ an appointm ent w ith the
d octo r yet? (make)
B Yes, she_________ him yesterday and she’s seeing him
tomorrow, (call)
fre ig h t trains, hitchhiked throu g h nearly every state
in the United States, worked on a fishing boat,
collected mussels from Pacific beaches, caught
salmon in streams in Alaska, and spent three
m onths living in a tree a fte r a storm .
“ I know it’s possible to live w ith zero m oney” Suelo
declares. And he says you can live well.
12
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b
R e a d th e c h a p t e r a g a in a n d c h o o s e th e c o r r e c t a n s w e rs .
1 W h a t d o w e le a r n a b o u t th e m a n in th e f ir s t
p a ra g ra p h ?
5 L IS T E N IN G
a
jH g p
h o w th e y m a n a g e o n t h e ir in c o m e s . M a t c h th e
a H e h a d ju s t le f t s c h o o l.
s p e a k e r s w it h t h e ir s it u a t io n .
(b) H e h a d t h o u g h t a b o u t h is a c t io n s c a re fu lly ,
c
H e h a d h a d a d i f f ic u lt c h ild h o o d .
2 W h a t h a s D a n ie l S u e lo d o n e s in c e h e c h a n g e d h is life ?
a H e h a s g o tte n in t o d e b t.
b H e h a s b o u g h t a h o u se ,
c
Speaker 1
_d_
a a s in g le p a re n t
Speaker 2
__
b a f a m ily w it h c h ild r e n
Speaker 3
__
c a s in g le r e tir e d p e r s o n o n a p e n s io n
Speaker 4
_
d a y o u n g p e r s o n w h o liv e s w it h
h is / h e r p a re n ts
H e h a s n ’t u se d a n y m o n e y .
3 H o w d o e s h e g et e n o u g h to eat?
b
L is t e n a g a in a n d m a r k th e s e n te n c e s T (tru e ) o r F (false).
a H e f in d s fo o d .
Sp eaker 1
b H i s f a m ily c o o k s f o r h im .
1 H e d o e s n ’t e a r n m u c h m o n e y .
c
2 H e saves m o s t o f h is sa la ry .
H e b u y s fo o d .
a
F_
__
Sp eaker 2
4 W h a t 's D a n ie l S u e lo lik e ?
3 S h e d o e s n ’t o w n th e h o u s e w h e re sh e liv e s.
H e 's shy.
b H e 's la zy,
4 S h e t h in k s m o n e y is m o re im p o r t a n t t h a n fa m ily .
c
Sp eaker 3
H e 's o u tg o in g .
__
5 H e c a n ’t liv e o n h is in c o m e .
__
a H e r id e s h is b ik e e v e ry w h e re .
6 H e is n ’t in d e b t.
__
b H e u s e s d if f e r e n t m e th o d s o f t r a n s p o r t a t io n ,
Sp eaker 4
c
7 S h e o n ly w o r k s in a s to re o n th e w e e k e n d s .
__
8 S h e s p e n d s m o s t o f h e r m o n e y o n h e r c h ild r e n .
__
5 H o w d o e s h e g et f r o m o n e p la c e t o a n o th e r?
c
L is t e n to f o u r s p e a k e r s t a lk i n g a b o u t
H e a lw a y s u s e s t r a in s .
L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s . W h a t d o
y o u t h i n k th e y m e a n ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y t o lo o k u p
c
L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p . 69 .
t h e ir m e a n in g a n d p r o n u n c ia t io n .
d C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h o n e o f th e h ig h lig h t e d
w o r d s o r p h ra se s.
1 C le a n fre s h w a te r o fte n c o m e s f r o m m o u n t a in
streams .
USEFUL W ORDS A N D PHRASES
L e a r n th e se w ord s and p h ra se s.
b a c k e r /'b ie k a r/
2 It’s im p o r t a n t to have a ________________________ fo r
w h e n y o u get o ld.
3 T h e g ia n t f is h s c u lp tu r e s in R io w e re m a d e u s in g
p la s tic b o ttle s .
4 T h e e a rly n in e te e n th c e n tu r y w a s a n im p o r t a n t
f o r opera.
5 H e h a s sh a re s in s o m e c o m p a n ie s , s o h e ’s in te re ste d in
w h a t h a p p e n s o n t h e ________________________ .
6 Y o u m ig h t get s ic k i f y o u e at fo o d a fte r i t s ____________ -
b illio n a ir e
/'b ily a n s r/
b r a n d /b rie n d /
c u s to m e r /'k A s ta m sr/
e n tr e p r e n e u r ia l / a n tra p ra 'n a ria l/
lo w - p a y in g / lo o 'pe ryn j/
r e je c tio n / ri'd 3e k jh /
s a le s m a n / 's e ilz m a n /
s e lf-m a d e / s s lf'm e id /
w e a lth y /'w elO i/
13
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O n ly I c a n c h a n g e m y life . N o o n e e ls e c a n d o it f o r m e.
Carol Burnett, US actress &comedian
2B
Changing lives
1 G R A M M A R present perfect
simple + fo r / s in c e ; present
perfect continuous
a
c
C o m p le t e th e d ia lo g u e s w it h th e p r e s e n t p e r fe c t c o n t in u o u s f o r m
o f th e v e rb s.
1
A Have you heard H eather’s new band?
B No.
W r it e th e w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s i n th e b o x in
Have they been playing
to g e th e r fo r a long time? (they / play)
th e c o r r e c t c o lu m n .
-2095- a long tim e a week March six months
I was little th e la st tw o days Tuesday
years and years you la s t called
2
A How long was your flight?
B Twelve hours.______________________
all day. (we / travel)
fo r
s in c e
2005
3
A My brother has a very good job in New York City.
B Really? How lo n g ____________________
____________________ there? (he / work)
4
b
A Diana finally found a new apartment!
B Oh g o o d !___________________________
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h th e p r e s e n t
one fo r so long! (she / look for)
p e r f e c t f o r m o f th e v e r b in p a r e n th e s e s a n d
f o r o r since.
1
Iv e had
m y car
fo r
5
a b o u t a m o n th ,
A Why does Eric's teacher w ant to see you?
B ____________________________________
(have)
his homework lately, (he / not do)
2 M y m o m ___________________ s ic k __________
la s t F rid a y , (be)
3 W e ___________________ each o th e r
6
__________w e w e re in s c h o o l, ( k n o w )
A You’re late.
B Yes, I know. S orry.__________________
4 H e ___________________ fo r th e sa m e
_______________ long? (you / wait)
c o m p a n y ______________ fiv e years, (w o rk)
5 T h e y __________________ in M ia m i
7
__________ th e y g o t m a n n e d , (live)
A You look exhausted.
B ______________________________________
6 M y p a r e n ts ___________________ aw a y
th e kids all day! (I / take care of)
__________ fo r th re e days, (be)
7 I___________________ to g o to A u s t r a lia
__________a lo n g tim e , (w ant)
8 S h e ___________________to m e
__________la s t y e a r, (n o t speak)
( C ir c le ) th e c o r r e c t fo r m . I f b o t h f o r m s a re p o s s ib le , c h e c k ( / ) th e se n ten ce .
1 H o w lo n g
have you lived / haveyou been living a b ro a d ? /
I ’ve studied j(fy e b e e n studying) C h in e s e f o r t w o y e a rs.
3 H a n n a h has had / has been having th e s a m e b o y fr ie n d s in c e she w a s
2
in s c h o o l.
has M ark played / has Mark been playing th e b a ss g u ita r ?
5 He’s worked / H e’s been working at th is s c h o o l s in c e he s ta rte d te a ch in g .
4 H o w lo n g
I ’ve known / I ’ve been knowing y o u f o r y e a rs.
7 We’ve gone / We've been going to th e sa m e d e n tis t sin c e w e w e re k id s.
6
8
14
You’ve worn / You've been wearing t h a t c o a t f o r y e a rs!
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2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
a
Do you want to be
f f lI E f ilSSl. L is t e n a n d c o m p le t e th e se n te n ce s.
1 I ’ve b e e n
traveling
a ll
day
a volunteer?
.
2 H o w ______________ h a v e th e y b e e n g o in g
______________ to g e th e r?
3 S h e ’s b e e n ______________ s ic k s in c e ______________
4 T h e y ______________ b e e n _______________ h e re
fo r lo n g .
5 W e 'v e b e e n ______________ th e h o u se
a l l ______________ .
6 1______________ b e e n _______________w e ll lately.
b L is t e n a g a in a n d r e p e a t th e s e n te n c e s . C o p y
th e r h y t h m .
3
a
R E A D IN G
A T h e B o o k Bus
R e a d th e a r t ic le o n c e a n d m a tc h p h o to s 1 - 3 w it h
p a ra g ra p h s A - C .
Do you enjoy reading? Do you like children? Then why n o t volunteer fo r
our mobile library service in Zambia? We work w ith underprivileged
children in public elementary schools, and it's a lot o f fun. We read
b R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . A n s w e r th e q u e s t io n s
stories, do a rt projects, and organize activities to help the children
w it h th e le t t e r s A , B , o r C .
learn English. A fter breakfast at 7 a.m., we head to our firs t school in
W h ic h o r g a n iz a t io n . ..?
tim e fo r the beginning o f th e school day. Every morning we visit a t least
_B_
1 ta k e s p e o p le f o r t w o w e e k s o r a m o n t h
2 e n c o u ra g e s s ig h ts e e in g
_
our campsite at around 2 p.m. fo r lunch, and a fte r th a t you have the
3 o ffe r s a c c o m m o d a t io n s in te n ts
afternoon free to relax o r prepare activities. The project takes place
4 sa ys w h a t v o lu n te e r s s h o u ld b r in g
__
from May to September, and it’s open to everyone. Volunteers have to
5 g iv e s v o lu n te e r s fre e a f te r n o o n s
_
pay fo r th e ir own flig h t and make a contribution to the project.
6 le ts v o lu n te e r s sta y w it h o th e r s i n a h u t
__
7 a rra n g e s a c c o m m o d a t io n s w it h lo c a l p e o p le _
8 o n ly n e e d s v o lu n te e r s f o r p a r t o f th e y e a r
c
fo u r schools, and we spend about an hour in each one. We get back to
__
L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s .
B T h e G r e a t O r a n g u ta n P r o je c t
Are you an animal lover? If you are, then you should come to Kubah
National Park in Borneo. We need people to help us take care o f our
orangutans. Unfortunately, you w on't be able to touch the animals
W h a t d o y o u t h i n k t h e y m e a n ? C h e c k w it h
because they are being prepared to be released into the wild, but you’ll
y o u r d ic t io n a r y .
w ork very close to them. You'll spend your tim e in the Wildlife Center
repairing the shelters where the orangutans live, o r building new ones.
d C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h o n e o f th e
You might have to make a swing, o r install some ropes where the animals
h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s o r p h r a s e s .
can play. You’ll share a room in a wooden hut th a t looks out onto the
1 M y lit t le n ie c e o n ly w a n t s to p la y o n the
rainforest. The program lasts fo r tw o o r fo u r weeks and it costs $1,935 or
_______ swing_______ w h e n w e g o to th e p a rk .
2 Ify o u
a ll_______________________________
____________________ , w e 'll b e a b le to b u y o u r
c o lle a g u e a n ic e g o in g -a w a y p re se n t.
3 I’d r a th e r see a n im a ls i n ____________________
th a n i n a z o o .
4 T h e s c h o o l is o r g a n iz in g a n a fte r - s c h o o l c lu b
f o r ____________________ c h ild r e n in th e area.
5 T h e p e o p le w a it in g f o r th e b u se s w e re s t a n d in g
$2,820 respectively, excluding flights.
C C o n s tr u c tio n in P e ru
Are you good a t making things? If you are, and you’d like to take part in
a construction project, how about corning to Peru to lend a hand? You’ll
be based in Cuzco in southeastern Peru, and you'll be involved in the
construction o f a small school, and a community center or an orphanage.
You may have to paint and make repairs to existing buildings, o r build
new ones in and around the city. You’ll live w ith a Peruvian family, and
you'll eat all your meals together in th e ir house. All o f the houses have
u n d e rn e a th t h e ____________________ b e c a u s e it
electricity and running water, but you'll have to go to an Internet cafe in
w a s r a in in g .
Cuzco if you w ant to go online. You are expected to w ork from Monday
6 W e ’re m o v in g to a n e w house th is w eeken d. C a n
y o u co m e a n d __________________________________
____________________ w it h th e p a c k in g ?
to Friday, and on the weekends you can explore some o f the fantastic
sights in the region. Please bring your own work clothes.
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4 V O C A B U L A R Y strong adjectives
a
C o m p le t e th e a d je c t iv e f o r e a c h p ic t u r e .
5
L IS T E N IN G
a
L is t e n to a n e w s s t o r y a b o u t a n A m e r ic a n
f a m ily w h o is t r a v e lin g a r o u n d th e w o r ld d o in g
v o lu n t e e r w o r k . C h e c k ( / ) th e p la c e s t h e y h a v e
a lr e a d y v is it e d .
1 S h e ’s a b s o lu te ly
2 I t’s d ___________________ !
f reezing.
b
1 A u s t r a lia
[ZJ
7 P a ra g u a y L U
2 A n t a r c t ic a
Ld
8 P e ru
3 C h in a
9 R u s s ia
4 H a it i
10 R w a n d a
5 In d ia
11 T h a ila n d [
6 Kenya
12 Z a n z ib a r L d
L is t e n a g a in a n d a n s w e r th e q u e s tio n s .
1 W h a t d id J.D . L e w is u se t o d o ?
H e u se d t o b e a n a c to r .
2 H o w o ld a re th e c h ild r e n ?
3
T h e y ’re r e a lly
4 H e ’s h ___________________ .
3 H o w m u c h is th e t r ip g o in g to c o st?
e___________________ .
4 W h a t ’s th e n a m e o f h is o r g a n iz a tio n ?
5 W h a t d id th e y d o in T h a ila n d ?
6 H o w d id th e y h e lp th e c h ild r e n in R w a n d a ?
5
I t’s a b s o lu te ly
en___________________ .
b
6 T h e y ’re
7 W h o d id th e y h e lp i n K e n y a ?
f ___________________ .
8 W h a t d o e s J. D . L e w is h o p e h is o r g a n iz a t io n w i l l d o
C o m p le t e th e s e n te n c e s w it h a s t r o n g a d je ctiv e .
in th e fu tu r e ?
1
A Are you sure th e m eeting is today?
B Yes, I'm absolutely p o s itiv e .
2
A Is your boyfriend’s a pa rtm e n t small?
B Yes, it's really___________ .
3
A Were your parents angry about your te s t scores?
B Yes, th e y w e re ___________ .
4
A Is your sister afraid o f insects?
B Yes, she’s a b so lu te ly___________ o f them.
5
A Were you surprised when you passed your
c
L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p . 70 .
USEFUL W O RDS A N D PHRASES
L e a r n th e se w o rd s and p h rases.
b lis te r s / 'b lis ta rz /
c h a r it y A J'terati/
driving test?
B Yes, I was re a lly___________ .
6
A Were th e kids hungry when the y arrived?
B Yes, they were a b s o lu te ly __________ .
k a y a k /'k a ite k /
a c h e /e ik /
ta rg e t /'ta rg a t/
m e lt /m elt/
p a d d le /'predl/
r is k y / 'r is k i/
go fo r w a r d / g o o 'fo rw a rd /
s p o n s o r p r o je c ts /'s p o n s o r 'p r a d 3s k ts /
G j £ l 0 FILE 2
16
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A g oo d tra v e le r has no fix e d plans.
Lao Tzu, Taoist Philosopher
3A
Race across Florida
1 V O C A B U L A R Y transportation
a
C o m p le t e th e c r o s s w o r d .
C lues across
1 It’s a la rg e v e h ic le t h a t c a r r ie s p a ss e n g e rs a n d s to p s
r e g u la r ly to le t th e m o n a n d o ff.
3 It’s w h e re y o u w a it f o r a t r a in at a t r a in s ta tio n .
6 It’s a fa st ro a d w h e re t r a f f ic c a n tra v e l lo n g d is ta n c e s
b e tw e e n la rg e t o w n s o r c itie s .
8 It’s b ig g e r th a n a c a r b u t s m a lle r th a n a tr u c k .
9 It’s a t y p e o f r a ilw a y s y s te m th a t tra v e ls u n d e r th e g ro u n d .
C lues down
2 I t’s a lik e a m o to r c y c le b u t le ss p o w e r f u l.
4 I t’s a ty p e o f s m a ll t r a in th a t m o v e s b y e le c t r ic it y a lo n g
s p e c ia l r a ils .
5 It's v e r y lo n g a n d u se d fo r t r a n s p o r t in g p e o p le o r
t h in g s b y r a il.
7 It’s u se d f o r tr a n s p o r t in g la rg e q u a n titie s o f th in g s b y ro ad .
b
C o m p le t e th e c o m p o u n d n o u n s w it h o n e w o r d .
1 D o n ’t fo rg e t to p u t y o u r
seat
b e lt on.
2 Y o u ’ l l get a ______________ tic k e t i f y o u leave y o u r c a r th ere .
3 S o r r y w e 're late. W e w e re s tu c k in a ______________ ja m
d o w n to w n .
4 W e g o t h e ld u p b y t h e ______________ w o r k o n th e freew ay.
5 I w is h b ik e r id e r s w o u ld use t h e ______________ la n e in ste a d
o f th e sid e w a lk .
6 W e n e e d to f i l l u p at t h e ______________ s ta tio n b e fo re
w e leave.
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /J/, d3/, and/tj/
a ( C ir c le ) t h e w o r d w i t h a d if f e r e n t s o u n d .
1
if- 2J
f t *
jazz
dangerous
bridge
(rush)
shower
crash
se a t belt
s ta tio n
3
1
'dfc
jazz
check-in
passenger
tra ffic jam
chess
chem istry
catch
departure
7 T r a f f ic is a lw a y s w o rs e d u r in g ______________ h o u r.
8 T h e r e a re n 't a n y c a b s w a it in g a t t h e ______________ stan d .
9 S lo w d o w n ! T h e r e a r e ______________ c a m e ra s o n th is road.
10
L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n lis t e n a g a in
a n d r e p e a t th e w o r d s .
W e s to p p e d a t t h e ______________ lig h t a n d w a ite d f o r it to
t u r n g re e n .
17
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c
3 G R A M M A R comparatives and superlatives
R e w r it e th e c o m p a r a t iv e s e n te n c e s in b
u s in g
a C om plete the sentences with one word.
1 G a s is n 't as e x p e n s iv e in th e U S
as
1
expensive (s e n te n c e 1)
Cancun isn’t as expensive as Beijing.
2
d ifficu lt (s e n te n c e 3)
3
ex citin g (se n te n ce 4)
4
cold (s e n te n c e 5)
it is in th e U K .
2 M y fa th e r d r iv e s m o re s lo w ly _____________ m y m o th e r.
(not) a s ... as.
3 T h e y sa id th a t to d a y w a s _____________ h o tte s t d a y o f th e year.
4 L e t 's g o b y t r a in . I t’s _____________ c o m fo r t a b le th a n th e bu s.
5 T h i s is t h e _____________ f lig h t I’v e e v e r b e e n o n . I ’ l l n e v e r f ly w it h
t h is a ir lin e a g a in .
6 I t h in k t r a in s a r e _____________ d a n g e ro u s t h a n c a rs . T h e r e are
fe w e r a c c id e n ts.
—
7 I t’s _____________ to g o b y s u b w a y t h a n b y b u s. B u s e s a re m u c h slo w e r.
8 T h e 4 0 5 is t h e _____________ c r o w d e d fre e w a y i n C a lif o r n ia .
9 Y o u 're at th e S h e ra to n ? W e 're s ta v in g a t th e sa m e h o t e l_____________ y o u .
10 W h y d o n ’t w e r id e o u r b ik e s ? It’s t h e _____________ e x p e n s iv e w a y
to tra v e l.
b
4 P R O N U N C IA T IO N linking
a
W r it e s e n te n c e s w it h th e in f o r m a t io n f r o m th e s u rv e y . U s e th e
L is t e n a n d c o m p le t e th e
s e n te n c e s .
c o m p a r a t iv e o r th e s u p e r la tiv e .
1 The
W h ere t o go?
most
relaxing
w a y to
tr a v e l is b y t r a in .
We reveal th e results fro m our reader survey o f three popular vacation destinations.
2 T h e s e v e n h o u r s i n th e a ir p o r t w a s
t h e _____________________________ p a r t
o f th e v a c a tio n .
3 T h e _____________________________
C ancun
B eijin g
Sydney
(Mexico)
(China)
(Australia)
p la c e to v is it is th e m u s e u m .
4 F ly in g is a l o t ______________
It's cheap.
It’s crowded.
It’s easy to g e t to.
______________ th a n g o in g b y bu s.
5 T h e y s h o u ld ha ve th e p a r t y a t t h e ir
h o u s e . I t’s m u c h b ig g e r ______________
It’s exciting.
It's hot.
6 S c o o te r s a r e n 't ______________
It's relaxing.
m o to r c y c le s .
1 C a n c u n / c h e a p / B e ijin g
Cancun is cheaper than Beijing.____________
2 B e ijin g / c r o w d e d / o f th e th re e d e s tin a tio n s
3 B e ijin g / e a s y to g et to / S y d n e y
4 S y d n e y / e x c it in g / C a n c u n
5 S y d n e y / h o t / B e ijin g
6 S y d n e y / r e la x in g / o f th e th re e d e s tin a tio n s
18
b L is t e n a g a in a n d r e p e a t th e s e n te n c e s .
L is t e n c a r e f u lly t o th e lin k e d w o r d s .
C o p y th e r h y t h m .
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5
R E A D IN G
b
R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e s e n t e n c e s T (tru e )
o r F (fa lse ).
a
R e a d t h e a r t ic le o n c e . W h i c h is th e o ld e s t f o r m
o f t r a n s p o r t a t io n ?
1 N o r is a re a g o o d w a y to see C a m b o d ia n c itie s .
_F
2 T h e t r a in fa re is n o t a lw a y s th e sam e.
__
3 T o to r a re ed b o a ts a re m a d e f r o m s p e c ia l p la n ts .
__
4 T o d a y th e b o a ts a re o n ly u s e d to c a r r y to u r is ts .
Unusual ways of
getting around
5 Jeepneys are used b y the m ilit a r y to tra n s p o rt so ld ie rs.
__
6 T h e r e a re u s u a lly a lo t o f p e o p le in je e p n e ys.
__
7 M o s t p e o p le in A la s k a d o n 't tr a v e l b y d o g
sle d a n y m o re .
B am bo o trains
This is the best way to see rural Cambodia. A bamboo train, or n o ri
as the locals call it, is a bamboo platform on wheels that travels
__
8 D o g sle d s a re a v e r y r e la x in g w a y to tra v e l.
c
__
L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s . W h a t d o
along tracks. It's powered by an engine, and it can reach a speed of
y o u t h in k t h e y m e a n ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y t o lo o k u p
25 miles per hour. Passengers sit on a grass mat on the nori. Noris
t h e ir m e a n in g a n d p r o n u n c ia t io n .
may not be as comfortable as conventional trains, butthey're
certainly a lot cheaper. Pick up a nori from Battambang Station,
but rememberto agree on a price before you get on.
T o to ra reed boats
6 L IS T E N IN G
a
L is t e n to th e e x p e r ie n c e s o f fiv e s p e a k e rs w h o
w e r e d o in g d a n g e r o u s t h in g s w h ile th e y w e r e d r iv in g .
These boats have been around
M a t c h th e s p e a k e r s w it h th e t h in g s t h e y w e r e d o in g .
for centuries. They are made
E.
A P u t t in g o n m a k e u p
from the reeds that grow on the
banks o f Lake Titicaca, one of the
Speaker 1
S p e a k e r 2 __
B L is t e n in g to h is / h e r fa v o rite m u s ic
largest lakes in South America.
S p e a k e r 3 __
C W r it in g a te x t m essage
As well as making boats from totora reeds, the local people use
S p e a k e r 4 __
D S e ttin g o r a d ju s tin g a G P S
S p e a k e r 5 __
E T a lk in g o n a c e ll p h o n e
them to make their houses, which they build on floating islands.
Totora reed boats are still used for hunting and fishing, but today
some of the local people transport people across the lake in them.
Traveling on a reed boat among the floating islands ofthe lake
b
L is t e n a g a in a n d a n s w e r th e q u e s tio n s .
1 W h a t d id S p e a k e r 1's c a r c ra s h in to ?
is a must for visitors to Peru.
A v a n ___________
2 H o w f a r h a d S p e a k e r 2 d r iv e n p a s t D e n v e r b e fo re she
r e a liz e d h e r m is t a k e ? __________________________________
Jeepney
A jeepney is the most common
3 W h e r e d id S p e a k e r 3 e n d u p ? ___________________________
form of public transportation in
4 W h o d id S p e a k e r 4 a lm o s t h it ? _________________________
the Philippines. They are made
5 W h a t c o lo r w a s th e t r a f f ic lig h t w h e n th e a c c id e n t
out o f the jeeps left on the islands
by the American army at the end
of World War II. People gave the jeeps a roof, put in two long seats
h a p p e n e d to S p e a k e r 5 ? ________________________________
c
L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 70 .
on either side and painted them, turning them into small buses.
Jeepneys have open windows instead of air conditioning. They're
often packed with passengers and there are no bus stops-the
driverjust slows down to let the passengers jump on and off.
USEFUL W O RDS A N D PHRASES
L e a r n th e se w o rd s and p h rases.
D og sleds
a d ju st ( G P S ) /a'd 3ASt/
Dog sledding is a unique
re a c h /ritJ7
experience because it's
something you can't do in many
b e a h e a d o f /b i a 'h s d av/
other parts ofthe
world. It was once the only wayto
get around in the snow o f Alaska,
c r a s h (in to ) /kraeJV
g e t s t u c k ( in a t r a f f ic ja m ) /g e t 'stn k /
g e t w o rs e /g st 'w ars/
but now its use is limited to winter sports and tourism. The best
t u r n re d /ta rn 'red/
time to try it isfrom Januaryto March - in the summerthere isn't
tu rn a ro u n d
enough snow, so the dogs pull sleds on wheels. The ride can be a
little bumpy because the sled sometimes goes over stones and the
d o y o u r h a ir /du y a r her/
/ta rn a 'ra o n d /
p u t o n m a k e u p / p o t a n 'm eik/\p/
dogs bark a lot. All the same, it's an opportunity not to be missed.
19
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Men w a n t to be a woman's fir s t love. Women like to be a man's la s t romance.
Oscar Wilde, Irish writer
3B
Stereotypes - or are they?
1 G R A M M A R articles: a /an, the, no article
a ( ^ T rd e )th e c o r r e c t a n s w e r s .
1 I t h in k (girts)/
the girls a re b e tt e r at le a r n in g languages / the languages th a n boys / the boys.
door / the door w h e n y o u le ft house / the house t h is m o r n in g ?
3 M y s is te r w o r k s f o r Japanese ja Japanese c o m p a n y . S h e ’s engineer / an engineer.
2 D id y o u lo c k
4 I d o n ’t u s u a lly like fis h / thefish , b u t salmon / the salmon w e h a d la s t n ig h t w a s d e lic io u s .
movies / the movies o n c e a week / the week.
6 D o n ’t w o r r y ! I t’s n o t the end / end o f the world / world.
7 D o y o u t h in k women / the women a re m o r e s e n s itiv e t h a n men / the men?
5 W e g o to
8 W hat
b
beautiful / a beautiful day! L e t ’s h a v e lunch / a lunch o n th e p a tio .
A r e th e h ig h lig h t e d p h r a s e s r ig h t ( / ) o r w r o n g ( / ) ? C o r r e c t th e w r o n g p h r a s e s .
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /ə/, sentence stress,
/ðə/ or /ð!/?
a
L is t e n a n d c o m p le t e th e s e n te n c e s .
speak
1 I’d l ik e to
to th e
manager
.
2 I p u t t h e ___________________ o n the
3 ___________________ a re w e g o in g t o ___________________
1 T h a t ’s p r e tt y d r e s s - t h e c o lo r s u its you .
to n ig h t?
a pretty dress________________________________
4 C o u ld y o u ___________________ t h e ____________________
2 H e ’s h o p in g to v is it h is p a re n ts th e n e x t w e e k e n d .
fo r a m in u te ?
5 S h e n e e d s to see a ___________________ a b o u t
3 T h e m o n e y d o e s n ’t m a k e p e o p le happy.
h e r ___________________ .
6 W e w a n t t o ___________________ f o r a __________________
4 M y g ra n d fa th e r le ft s c h o o l w h e n he w a s 14.
5 T h e y go to th e d e n tis t a b o u t t w ic e th e y e a r .
to m o r r o w .
b
c
6 H a v e y o u w a tc h e d D V D th a t I le n t y o u ?
L is t e n a g a in a n d re p e a t. C o p y th e r h y t h m .
L is t e n a n d re p e a t th e p h ra s e s . P a y
a t t e n t io n t o th e p r o n u n c ia t io n o f
the.
1 T h e c o n v e r s a tio n w a s a b o u t th e w o m a n n e x t d o o r.
7 T h a t w a s o n e o f th e b e s t m e a ls I’ve ever had.
2 T h e u n iv e r s it y in v it e d a g u e s t to s p e a k a t th e m e e tin g .
3 1 s o m e tim e s g o t o the th e a te r in th e e v e n in g .
8 W h a t n o is y c h i ld ! W h e r e a re h is p a re n ts?
4 W e t o o k th e e le v a to r in s te a d o f w a lk in g u p th e s ta irs .
5 T h e o f f ic e g a ve m e a ll th e in f o r m a t io n I n e e d e d .
9 A le x is s t u d y in g to b e c o m e d o c to r .
10 I lo v e th e ca ts, b u t m y b o y fr ie n d d o e sn ’t lik e th em .
11
H e r h u s b a n d s its in f r o n t o f th e T V a ll day.
12 S h e a lw a y s gets to th e w o r k a t f iv e - t h ir t y .
6 T h e g ra y s k ir t is n ic e , b u t I p r e fe r th e b la c k o n e .
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3 R E A D IN G
a
b
R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . C h o o s e th e r ig h t a n sw e rs .
1 M e n c a n f in d it d i f f ic u lt to p e r c e iv e ...
R e a d th e a r t ic le o n c e a n d p u t th e h e a d in g s in th e c o r r e c t p la ce .
a th re e c o lo rs .
A M e n a re b e tte r n a v ig a to rs t h a n w o m e n
(b ) o n e c o lo r,
B W o m e n t a lk m o re t h a n m e n
c
C M e n d o n 't see c o lo r s a s w e ll a s w o m e n
a n y c o lo rs .
2 S e e in g c o lo rs w e ll help ed p re h is to ric w o m e n ...
a
f in d in te r e s t in g t h in g s to eat.
b c o o k fo o d c o r r e c tly ,
Stereotypes
c
c h o o s e th e r ig h t f r u it .
3 T h e r e s u lt s o f th e s tu d y s h o w e d t h a t . ..
supported by science
a fo u r-y e a r-o ld s d o n ’t have s p a tia l aw aren ess,
b b o y s le a r n s p a t ia l a w a re n e s s b e fo re g irls ,
ı _______________
c
Men have a reputation for wearing clothes that don’t look
good together - if men do look good, it’s because their
girlfriends or wives have helped them get dressed. Why’s that?
g ir ls d o n ’t h a ve s p a tia l a w a re n e s s.
4 W o m e n d id n ’t n e e d s p a t ia l a w a re n e s s in
p r e h is t o r ic t im e s b e c a u s e ...
a th e m e n w e re a lw a y s w it h th e m ,
Science says: Let’s take a look at chromosomes - the parts of o u r DNA
b th e y n e v e r le ft h o m e ,
tha t control many things about us. The color red is carried only by the
c
X chromosome. Women have tw o X chromosomes, and so they are
more likely to be able to see red. Men only have one X chromosome.
th e y d id n 't tra v e l f a r f r o m h o m e .
5 M e n a re w o r s e a t c o m m u n ic a t in g b e c a u s e ...
a p a r t o f t h e ir b r a in s is s m a lle r.
How we see color depends on the a bility to see red, blue, and green,
b t h e ir b r a in s a re 17% s m a lle r,
so women are m ore likely to see colors better. Being able to see colors
well was im p o rta n t in prehistoric times when women looked for fru it for
c
food. They had to be able to tell the difference between the types of
t h e ir b r a in s a re la rg e r.
6 T h e f u n c t io n o f th e c o r p u s c a llo s u m in th e
fru it on the trees so tha t the y did n ’t choose a typ e th a t was p oisonous.
b r a in is ...
For them, seeing different colors meant they could survive.
a
2
b to s to re d iffe r e n t la n g u a g e s,
M ost men have a natural ability to read maps while women
usually need to turn them around. How come?
c
c
to c o m m u n ic a te b e tw e e n b o t h sid e s,
to c o n t r o l th e la n g u a g e p ro c e s s .
L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s .
Science says: Men are able to see the size and position of things
W h a t d o y o u t h in k t h e y m e a n ? U s e y o u r
much quicker than women. This a bility is called “spatial awareness”.
d ic t io n a r y t o lo o k u p t h e ir m e a n in g a n d
Researchers discovered in a study o f four-year-old children th a t only
one girl has this a bility for every four boys. Once again, the explanation
p r o n u n c ia t io n .
can be found in the past. Do you rem em ber those prehistoric women?
d
C o m p le t e th e s e n te n c e s w it h o n e o f th e
Well, while they were looking fo r fruit, the men traveled long distances
h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s o r p h r a s e s .
to hunt animals. When they had caught enough, they had to find their
way home again. And this is where the y learned “spatial awareness.”
1 It’s a
The women d id n 't need it because they hardly ever went out o f sight of
th e ir homes, but for the men, it was vital.
2 D o n ’t e at th o s e m u s h r o o m s y o u fo u n d
3
definite
advantage
to h a ve g o o d
te st s c o re s i f y o u w a n t to g o to c o lle g e .
o u ts id e ! T h e y c o u ld b e ___________________ .
3 W h o 's _______________________________________
Humans are social animals, so why is it that men don’t like
sharing their problems while women tell their best friends
everything?
4 S h e 's _______________________________________
Science says: The answer is in the brain. The parts responsible for
5 I t a lia n p e o p le ___________________
language are 17% larger in a wom an’s brain than in a man’s brain. Also,
women use both the left and the right side o f the brain to use language,
while men use only one side - th e ir strongest side. And there’s more.
The p a rt o f the brain tha t connects the tw o parts together - the corpus
callosum - is larger in women too, which means th a t they can move
m a k in g t h is m e ss?
to a c c e p t i f y o u in v it e h e r h u s b a n d a s w e ll.
_______________________________________ fo r
b e in g g re a t c o o k s .
6 I t’s ___________________ th a t I f in is h th e r e p o r t
b e fo re th e e n d o f th e day.
inform ation from one p a rt to the o th e r p a rt more quickly. N obody
is sure why these differences exist, but it's d e a r th a t women have a
definite advantage over men when it comes to com m unication.
21
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4 V O C A B U L A R Y collocation: verbs /
adjectives + prepositions
6 L IS T E N IN G
a
L is t e n to a r a d io c a ll- in p r o g r a m . W h i c h
s p e a k e r h a s th e m o s t t r a d it io n a l v ie w a b o u t m e n d o in g
a (C iT c le ) th e c o r r e c t p r e p o s it io n s .
th e c o o k in g ?
1 T h e y 'r e a r r iv in g
at / on /(m) S e o u l o n F rid a y .
1 N ic k ŋ
belongs f o r / f r o m / to m e.
3 W e s h o u ld a s k s o m e o n e at If o r / o f d ir e c tio n s .
2 T h a t s u itc a s e
2 Eve Q
3 F ra n k Q
4
M a r t in a
[_
4 W e m ig h t g o c a m p in g , b u t it d e p e n d s
in I o f I on th e w e a th e r.
5 E v e r y b o d y la u g h e d about I at I to m e w h e n
I f e ll o f f th e c h a ir.
6 W h o ’s g o in g to p a y f o r
j o j j with th e m e a l?
7 I d re a m e d about Ifrom / with m y o ld s c h o o l
fr ie n d s la s t n ig h t.
8 T h a t g ir l r e m in d s m e
b
about I o f I to m y c o u s in .
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h th e c o r r e c t
p r e p o s it io n s .
1 T o n y u s e d to b e m a r r ie d
to
b L is t e n a g a in a n d m a r k th e s e n t e n c e s T ( tru e ) o r F (fa lse ).
T e re sa .
2 Y o u c a n r e ly ______________ m e to h e lp y o u w it h
th e p a r ty to m o r r o w .
1 N ic k is u n e m p lo y e d .
X
2 H e w o u ld n ’t lik e to b e a ch e f.
__
3 E v e c o o k s a ll th e m e a ls a t h e r h o u s e .
__
4 S h e s p e n d s a lo t o f t im e c le a n in g th e k itc h e n .
3 T h e y ’ re w o r r ie d ______________ t h e ir
5 F r a n k t h in k s th a t g ir ls w o r k h a rd e r t h a n th e y u s e d to.
te e n a g e so n.
6 F r a n k t h in k s th a t g ir ls n o w a d a y s c a n c o o k .
4 W e 're n o t v e ry in te r e s t e d ______________
7 M a r t in a 's p a r t n e r d o e s a ll th e c o o k in g .
a b s tra c t a rt.
8 M a r t in a r e s p e c ts m e n w h o c a n c o o k .
5 I ’m v e r y d if f e r e n t ______________ m y siste r.
6 A d a m 's v e r y g o o d ______________m a th .
c
L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p . 71.
7 I 'm fed u p ______________ t h is w e a th e r.
8 H e 's f a m o u s ______________ h is r o le in
Sherlock Holmes.
USEFUL W O RDS A N D PHRASES
5 W H E N A R E P R E P O S IT IO N S
STRESSED?
L is t e n a n d c o m p le t e th e d ia lo g u e s .
L e a r n th e se w ord s and p h ra se s.
c la im (vb) / k le ir n /
r e d u c e /n 'd u s/
a lm o s t /'o lm o o s t/
s lig h t ly / 's la itli/
1
A Who did you
argue
with ?
B I ___________w ith m y ___________ .
2
3
4
b
22
w h e re a s /w sr'rez/
a c c o r d in g to /a 'k o rd n j tu /
A Who are y o u _______________________ ?
in fa c t A n 'ftekt/
B I’m ___________ a t ___________ !
ra n g e f r o m
A What are you s o _______________________ ?
te n d to /T e n d ta/
B I’m ___________ about m y ___________ .
be s k e p tic a l o f / b i 's k s p t ik l av/
/ 'r e in d 3 fro m /
A What are yo u _______________________ ?
B I’m ___________ to t h e ___________ .
L is t e n a g a in a n d re p e a t. C o p y th e r h y t h m .
__
file
3
__
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Practical English A difficult celebrity
1 G IV IN G O P IN IO N S
C o m p le t e th e d ia lo g u e .
3 R E A D IN G
a
1 N e w Y o r k t a x is a re a ll th e sa m e m o d e l o f ca r.
_F
2 A m e d a llio n n u m b e r h a s f o u r n u m b e r s a n d o n e le tte r.
__
3 A n o ff- d u ty c a b w o n 't p ic k y o u u p.
__
4 Y o u s h o u ld s ta n d in th e s tre e t u n t il a t a x i s to p s f o r y o u .
__
pop music was b e tte r in th e p ast
5 W h e n y o u g e t in a ta x i, th e p r ic e s ta r ts at 5 0 ce n ts .
__
than it is now. W hat do you
6 Y o u p a y p e r m in u t e i f y o u a re n o t m o v in g .
__
2th _________________ ?
7 T a x i d r iv e r s lik e to b e p a id i n ca sh .
__
John I love th is song. Can you tu rn it up?
Anna Do I have to? It's really old.
John It may be old, b u t it ’s one o f my
fa v o rite s . 1 Personally . I th in k
Anna No, I don’t th in k th a t’s
3 r__________________. In my
4 op_________________ , th e re is some
NEW YORK TAXIS
g re a t music around. And some of
New York taxis provide an essential
service to New Yorkers and tourists for
getting around the city. There are over
12,000 yellow medallion taxicabs so
it doesn’t take long to see one.
to d a y’s singers have amazing voices.
John
R e a d th e te x t. M a r k th e s e n te n c e s T (tru e ) o r F (fa lse ).
l 5ag_________________ .B u t very fe w
o f the m w rite th e ir own music. If you
6 as__________________me, th e real
musicians are th e ones who w rite th e
songs and th e n p erform the m live on
stage. Don’t yo u 7 ag_________________ ?
What does a New York taxi look like?
New York taxis come in many diffe re n t shapes and sizes, but to be
official taxis they m ust be yellow. They m ust also have a special code
called a medallion number: one number, then one letter, and two
more numbers. A bronze badge with the same code should also be
displayed on the hood.
Anna To be 8h__________________, I don’t
know a lo t about it. I ju s t tu rn th e radio
on and listen to w h a t th e y ’re playing!
Only taxis w ith th e above are legally licensed to pick you up!
2 S O C IA L E N G L IS H
How will I know when a New York taxi is available?
C o m p le t e th e d ia lo g u e s . U s e a p h r a s e
It's all in the lights! When ju s t the center light illum inates the medallion
number, the taxi is available to be hailed. When the center light is o ff
and both sidelights are on (illum inating the words "O ff Duty” ), the taxi
is o ff duty. When no lights are illuminated, the taxi is already in use.
c o n t a in in g th e w o r d in p a re n th e s e s .
1
A Hello! I ’m
back ! (back)
B Hi! Did you have a good day?
2
A I’m going o u t fo r a walk now. Do you w ant
How to hail a New York taxi.
First, try to hail a taxi in the direction you are already going; it saves
tim e and money. When you see an available taxi, make sure it's
safe and step o ff the sidewalk while holding your hand up high. If for
any reason you don’t get the driver’s attention, step back onto the
sidewalk and wait fo r the next available taxi and repeat the process.
It’s as simple as that.
to come?
B ____________________________
I’LLg e t my coat, (minute)
3
A I brought you some flowers.
B Thank you. That’s _______________
New York taxi fares.
Once you step into the cab the m eter will be turned on. This is called
the “flag-drop fare” and is $2.50. After tha t it will cost you 50 cents
for every one-fifth of a mile, or 5 0 cents per minute if you are stuck in
traffic. There is a flat-rate charge o f $52 from Manhattan to JFK Airport.
_______________________________ . (kind)
4
A ____________________________
_______________ w h a t you said about
moving to California? (mean)
If you're happy w ith th e trip , you should tip your driver between 15%
and 20% o fth e to ta l fare. Paying by cash is preferred, however all
ta xis now accept cre d it cards.
B Yes. I think it’ll be a great opportunity for us.
5
A You look upset. W hat’s th e matter.
B Nothing really._______________
_______________________________ my
boyfriend’s away and I really miss him. (just)
b
U n d e r lin e f iv e w o r d s o r p h r a s e s y o u d o n ’t k n o w . U s e y o u r
d ic t io n a r y to l o o k u p t h e ir m e a n in g a n d p r o n u n c ia t io n .
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Failure is n o t fa llin g d ow n. Failure is fa llin g d ow n and n o t g e ttin g up again.
Richard Nixon, former US President
4A
Failure and success
1 G R A M M A R can, could, be able to
b
R e a d T y le r R u i z ’s r e s u m e . T h e n c o m p le t e t h e s e n te n c e s w it h th e
c o rre c t fo rm o f
a
^ ir d g )th e c o rre c t fo rm . C h e c k ( / ) i f b o th
a re c o rre c t.
1 T y le r
can
can, could, o r be able to.
s a il.
2 H e ________________________ s p e a k a lit t le C h in e s e w h e n he
1 She
can / is able to s w im r e a lly w e ll b e ca u se
sh e u se d to liv e b y th e o c e a n . /
2 Y o u d o n 't n e e d to
s ta rte d w o r k in g in H o n g K o n g .
3 H e ________________________s p e a k G e r m a n .
can iflbepbleto) d r iv e to
4 H e ________________________d e s ig n w e b s ite s s in c e 1 9 9 9 .
5 H e 'd l i k e ________________________s p e a k R u s s ia n .
liv e i n th e c ity .
6 H e ________________________ f in is h h is P h .D . b e fo re he le ft the U S .
3 Luke
could / was able to re a d w h e n he w a s
7 H e ________________________ s p e a k a lit t le R u s s ia n s o o n .
o n ly th re e y e a rs o ld .
4 I f it d o e s n 't r a in to m o r r o w ,
we can / we’ll be
able to g o f o r a lo n g w a lk .
5 S o r r y , I've b e e n s o b u s y th a t I haven’t could /
h a v en 't
N a m e : Tyler Ruiz
D a te o f B irth : 09/22/1980
been able to c a ll u n t il now .
E d u c a tio n
Degree in French with Marketing (2003)
M aster’s in Business Adm inistration (2006)
6 I f M a r ia h a d a le ss d e m a n d in g jo b , she
could I would be able to e n jo y lif e m o re .
7 I'v e n e v e r
could / been able to d a n c e w e ll,
W o rk E x p e r ie n c e
1998-2000: Trainer and O perator with Texas Instruments, London
200 3 -2 00 9 : Assistant then Marketing Manager, Texas Instruments,
Dallas, USA
b u t I'd lo v e to le a rn .
8 W e 're re a lly s o r r y w e
Started Ph.D. in Business (2009) - incomplete
couldn't / weren't able to
c o m e to y o u r w e d d in g .
2009-present: M anaging Director, A H H M arketing S ervices Ltd.,
Hong Kong
O th e r S k ills
9 I
10
used to can / used to be able to s p e a k a lit t le
IT skills - advanced.
P o rtu g u e s e , b u t I've fo rg o tte n m o s t o f it n o w .
C ourse in w eb design 1999.
Can you / Will you be able to m a k e it to
Languages
d in n e r to n ig h t?
French (fluent)
Chinese (basic) certificate 2008
I hope to start Russian classes next January.
11 T o w o r k f o r t h is c o m p a n y , y o u
must can /
must be able to s p e a k at le a st th re e
H o b b ie s a n d In te re s ts
la n g u a g e s.
W atersports, especially sailing and windsurfing
12 I h ate c a n 't /
not being able to c o m m u n ic a te
w it h th e lo c a l p e o p le w h e n I’m tra v e lin g .
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sentence stress
L is t e n a n d r e p e a t th e s e n te n c e s . C o p y th e r h y t h m .
1 She ca n s i n g v e r y w e l l .
2 I’ve n e v e r b e e n a b l e to s k i .
3 C a n you r e a d a m a p ?
4 Y o u w o n ’t b e a b l e to g o o u t t o m o r r o w .
5 H e h a s n ’t b e e n a b l e to w a l k v e r y f a s t s in ce he h u r t h is l e g .
6 T h e y a r e n ’t a b l e to c o m e t o n i g h t .
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3 R E A D IN G
a
R e a d th e a r t ic le o n c e a n d m a t c h p a r a g r a p h s A - D w it h p h o t o s 1 - 4 .
Steven Spielberg
Isaac N ew ton
Bill Gates
Thom as Edison
Failure: the first step toward success
Many people who have found success started out by failing.
Below are four of the most famous.
A Some people consider this man to be the greatest scientist w ho has
b
ever lived. However, his early life was nothing special. He was very
R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e s e n te n c e s T ( tru e )
o r F (fa lse ).
small as a child and he was a very bad student. When he was twelve,
T_
1 Isa ac N e w t o n a lm o s t b e c a m e a fa rm e r.
his mother took him out of school so that he could learn how to run the
2 H e w a s n e v e r a v e r y g o o d stu d e n t.
fam ily farm. Unfortunately, he wasn't very good at that either, so in the
__
3 T h o m a s E d is o n m is s e d th re e m o n th s
end he was sent back to school. After eventually passing his exams, he
o f s c h o o l w h e n h e w a s a c h ild .
went to Cambridge University where he became a brilliant scholar Later,
4 H e d id n 't m a k e a g o o d im p r e s s io n o n h is
he developed his law o f gravity.
b o s s e s a t th e s t a r t o f h is w o r k in g life .
__
5 S te v e n S p ie lb e r g c o u ld n 't g o to th e f il m
B This man is one o fth e most famous inventors o f all time, which is
s c h o o l h e w a n te d to.
incredible when you think he only went to school for three months. After
__
his teacher lost patience with him, his mother taught him at home and
6 H e h a s n e v e r fin is h e d h is deg ree.
__
he learned many important lessons from reading books. His working life
7 B i l l G a te s fa ile d o u t o f c o lle g e .
__
started as badly as his schooling had, and he was fired from his first two
8 H is f ir s t c o m p a n y w a s n ’t s u c c e s s fu l.
__
jobs. However, this gave him more time lo experiment - by the end o f his
c
life he had invented over a thousand devices. His most famous invention
d o y o u t h in k t h e y m e a n ? U s e y o u r d i c t io n a r y to
was a certain type o f lightbulb.
C Ask anyone to name the most famous movie director in Hollywood and
many of them will say this man's name. However, his movie career started
L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s . W h a t
lo o k u p t h e ir m e a n in g a n d p r o n u n c ia t io n .
d
C o m p le t e th e s e n te n c e s w i t h o n e o f th e
h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s o r p h r a s e s .
badly, as he was rejected three times from film school. He eventually started
his studies at a different school, but he dropped out to become a director
before he had finished. Since then he has won the Oscar for best director
twice, and three o f his movies have broken box office records. He went
back to school in 2002 to finish his studies and earn his BA degree.
1 T h e c h i ld ’s p a re n ts
lost
patience
w it h h e r
a n d se n t h e r to h e r r o o m .
2 H e w a s n ’t e n jo y in g c o lle g e , s o h e _____________
_____________ a fte r th e f ir s t year.
3 A f t e r s e v e ra l m o n th s , s h e _____________ m a n a g e d
D Although he is one o fth e most successful businessmen and computer
programmers o f all time, this man didn't actually finish college. He was
very bright at school and went to Harvard University, but he spent most
o f his time using the college's computers for his own projects and didn't
do much studying. After dropping out, he decided to start his own
company with a friend. This company failed, but he persisted and won
to p e rs u a d e h e r b o y f r ie n d to see a n o p e ra .
4 M y c o lle a g u e ___________________________ fo r
s e n d in g p e r s o n a l e m a ils f r o m w o rk .
5 M y h u s b a n d re fu s e s to b u y e x p e n s iv e ____________
o f c lo th in g .
6 T h e r e w a s a h u g e lin e a t t h e _____________
a contract with IBM which eventually resulted in his company becoming
_____________ b e ca u se it w a s th e o p e n in g n ig h t o f
one o fth e most pow erful and recognized brands in the world today.
th e m o v ie .
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4 V O C A B U L A R Y -ed / -ing adjectives
a
R ig h t
( / ) o r w r o n g (/)? C o r r e c t th e w r o n g ad jective s.
Reflexive pronouns
d C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h t h e c o r r e c t w o r d .
1 T h e b e s t w a y to g et h e a lth y is to m a k e
1 T u r n the c h a n n e l! T h is is a b o r e d T V show .
yourself
e x e rc is e
e v e ry day.
______ borin g _______
2 Jo n a n d D a n n y h e lp _____________________ to fo o d
2 T a k in g c a re o f s m a ll c h ild r e n c a n b e v e r y t ir e d .
w h e n e v e r th e y c o m e to m y h o u se .
3 Jenna p a in te d th e b a t h r o o m _____________________ .
3 H is te st s c o re s w e re v e r y d is a p p o in t in g .
4 T h e c o m p u te r t u r n s _____________________ o f f i f n o b o d y
u s e s it f o r a w h ile .
4 I w a s v e r y e m b a rra s s e d w h e n m y p h o n e
5 I a lw a y s s in g t o _____________________ w h e n I'm in
r a n g in th e m e e tin g .
th e sh o w e r.
6 W e fo u n d th e a p a r t m e n t _____________________ , w it h o u t
5 J u n k o w a s v e ry s u r p r is in g b e c a u s e she
a n y h e lp f r o m a r e a l e sta te agent.
d id n 't k n o w th e y w e re c o m in g .
6 W e t o o k a lo t o f p ic tu r e s b e c a u se th e v ie w
w a s so a m a z in g .
5 L IS T E N IN G
a
Y o u a re g o in g to h e a r f iv e s p e a k e r s t a lk in g
a b o u t m is t a k e s t h e y h a v e m a d e in a f o r e ig n la n g u a g e .
7 A r e y o u in te re s te d in c a r r a c in g ?
L is t e n a n d c o m p le t e th e s e n te n c e s .
S p e a k e r 1 w a s s p e a k in g
8 S h e fe lt f r u s t r a t in g b e c a u se sh e c o u ld n ’t
French _____ t o _________________ .
S p e a k e r 2 w a s s p e a k in g _______________ t o ________________ .
get o n th e s u r fb o a r d .
S p e a k e r 3 w a s s p e a k in g _______________ t o ________________ .
S p e a k e r 4 w a s s p e a k in g _______________ t o ________________ .
b
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f
th e a d je c t iv e s in p a r e n th e s e s .
S p e a k e r 5 w a s s p e a k in g _______________ t o ________________ .
b
L is t e n a g a in a n d c o m p le t e t h e ta b le .
1 I e n jo y e d th e b o o k , b u t th e m o v ie w a s a lit t le
boring
. (b o re d / b o r in g )
W h at th e y w a n te d
to sa y
2 I f e lt v e r y ________________________ w h e n I r e a liz e d
m y m is ta k e , ( e m b a rra s s e d / e m b a rra s s in g )
Speaker 1
3 H e ’s ________________________ b e c a u se th e p r in t e r
W h at th e y
a c tu a lly sa id
inhaler
Speaker 2
is n 't w o r k in g , ( fr u s tr a te d / fr u s tr a t in g )
Speaker 3
4 T h e f in a l q u a r te r o f th e g a m e w a s r e a lly
Speaker 4
________________________ . (e x c ite d / e x c itin g )
Speaker 5
5 W e h a v e n 't h e a rd fr o n t h e r s in c e she a r r iv e d
in B a n g k o k — i t ’s v e r y _______________________ .
( w o r r ie d / w o r r y in g )
c
L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p . 7 1.
6 Y o u r t r ip s o u n d s r e a lly ________________________
- t e l l m e m o re ! (in te re s te d / in te r e s tin g )
7 I ’m t ir e d o f t h is t e r r ib le w e a th e r - it 's so
. (d e p re sse d / d e p re s s in g )
8 M a x w a s v e r y ________________________ w h e n
he w a s n 't c h o s e n f o r th e jo b . ( d is a p p o in te d /
d is a p p o in tin g )
c ^Z i r d J ) t h e -ed a d je c t iv e s i n e x e r c is e b w h e r e -ed is
p r o n o u n c e d /id/.
USEFUL W O RDS A N D PH R A SES
L e a r n th e se w o rd s and p h ra se s.
l i n k / lip k /
s c u b a d iv e / ‘s k u b a d a iv /
s k ills / s k ilz /
(dance) s te p s /steps/
m u lt ilin g u a l / n u lU 'ln jg w a l/
f lu e n t ly / 'flu a n t li/
b a s ic p h ra s e s / b e is rk 'fr e iz iz /
la n g u a g e b a r r ie r /'lte p g w id 3 b te risr/
te a ch y o u r s e lf b o o k s / 't it j y a r 's s lf b o k s /
m o re e x c e p tio n s t h a n r u le s /m o r ik 's s p j n z d a n r u lz /
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W hen a m an o p e n s th e c a r d o o r fo r his w ife
i t ’s e ith e r a n ew c a r o r a new w ife .
Duke of Edinburgh, husband of Queen Elizabeth II
4B
Modern manners?
1 V O C A B U L A R Y phone language
b
C o r r e c t a n y m is t a k e s i n u s e o r f o r m i n th e
h ig h lig h t e d p h r a s e s . C h e c k ( / ) t h e c o r r e c t
C o m p le t e th e s e n te n c e s .
s e n te n c e s .
1 Y o u m u st n o t use y o u r p h o n e in a quie t
zone
1 P e o p le m u s t n o t u se th e ir c e ll p h o n e s w h e n
2 W h e n y o u f in is h a p h o n e c a ll, y o u h______________
th e y ’re t a lk in g to you.
u _______________ .
People shouldn’t use_________________________
3 I f s o m e o n e d o e s n 't a n s w e r t h e ir p h o n e , y o u ca n le a v e a
2 I m u s t g o to w o r k b y b u s y e ste rd a y. M y c a r
m ______________ o n t h e ir v_______________.
w a s b e in g re p a ire d .
4 I f y o u 're i n a m e e tin g , y o u c a n p u t y o u r p h o n e o n
s______________ o r v _______________m o d e .
3
D o y o u h a ve to w e a r a s u it a n d tie a t w o rk ?
5 I f s o m e o n e 's p h o n e is o f f y o u c a n c______________
b______________la te r.
4
6 T h e s o u n d y o u r c e ll p h o n e m a k e s w h e n s o m e o n e c a lls y o u is
Y o u d o n ’t h a ve to p la y s o c c e r h e re . It says “ n o
b a ll g a m e s.”
a r ______________.
7 I f y o u w a n t to te x t y o u r fr ie n d s m o re c h e a p ly , y o u c a n use
5 M y fa th e r is a t a x i d r iv e r a n d he s h o u ld w o r k
in ______________ m ______________ .
n ig h ts .
8 W h e n y o u c a ll s o m e o n e , y o u h a v e to d ______________ t h e ir
n u m b e r b y p r e s s in g s o m e keys.
6
9 I f s o m e o n e is a lr e a d y t a lk in g o n t h e ir c e ll p h o n e w h e n y o u c a ll,
I d id n 't h a ve to c o o k la s t n ig h t b e c a u se w e
w e n t o u t f o r d in n e r .
th e lin e is b______________.
10 Y o u c a n p r o te c t th e d is p la y o f y o u r c e ll p h o n e o r c o m p u te r
w it h a sc______________ .
7 In th e fu tu r e , m a y b e e v e ry o n e m u s t s p e a k
E n g lis h a n d C h in e s e .
2 GRAMMAR modals of obligation: must, have to, should
8 Y o u d o n 't lo o k w e ll. Y o u s h o u ld to g o h o m e .
a (^Li7 de)the c o r r e c t f o r m . C h e c k ( / ) i f b o t h a re p o s s ib le .
W hat you need to know before you visit the US
You have to / must have a visa to
enter the country. /
2
You must not / don't have to drive on
the left! Here we drive on the right!
3
You must not / don't have to pay to
visit most museums and art galleries.
Entrance is usually free.
4
You have to / should go on a ferry
to visit the Statue of Liberty. You can't
go by bus.
5
You have to / must wear a seat belt
at all times in a car.
6
You must / should always try to arrive
on time for an appointment or meeting.
Americans are very punctual!
7
If you are sightseeing in N ew York,
you must / should buy a MetroCard
that gives you cheaper travel on the
subway and buses.
8
You must not / don't have to
smoke in any public building. It is
prohibited by law.
9
W hen talking to Americans, you
shouldn't / don't have to ask them
about their salary. Some people
might think this is rude.
10
You must / have to answer some
questions when you go through
immigration.
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3 PRONUNCIATION silent
consonants, linking
a
C r o s s o u t th e s ile n t c o n s o n a n t i n th e
w o rd s.
1 w r it e
2 re c e ip t
3 hour
4 s h o u ld n ’t
5 e x h a u ste d
6 w a lk
7 c o u ld
8 debt
b
L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n lis t e n
a g a in a n d r e p e a t th e w o r d s .
c
L is t e n a n d r e p e a t th e s e n te n c e s . T r y to
l i n k th e w o r d s .
1 Y o u s h o u ld n ’t t a lk o n th e p h o n e w h e n
y o u ’re d r iv in g .
2 Y o u m u s t a lw a y s w e a r y o u r se a t b e lt in
th e ca r.
3 Y o u d o n 't h a ve to w e a r a u n if o r m .
Ladies
first?
Nobody knows how long people have been using the words “Ladies First,”
nor is anyone sure where the concept came from. However, neither
of these facts matters today. The important question is whether the
tradition is still relevant, and if men should continue respecting it.
4 Y o u s h o u ld n ’t a s k a f r ie n d fo r m o n e y.
In t h e p a s t, t h e r e w a s a s t r ic t s e t o f ru le s c o n c e r n in g m e n 's b e h a v io r to w a r d
5 Y o u h a ve to w a tc h o u t f o r p ic k p o c k e te r s .
6 Y o u s h o u ld ta k e a p re s e n t f o r th e m .
w o m e n - o r r a t h e r “ la d ie s ” a s t h e y w e r e c a lle d th e n . M e n w e a r in g h a ts u s e d
t o ta k e th e m o f f in t h e p r e s e n c e o f w o m e n . T h e y u s e d t o s t a n d u p w h e n e v e r
a w o m a n e n t e r e d o r le f t a ro o m , a n d t h e y d id t h e s a m e a t a d in in g ta b le . M e n
L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n lis t e n
a g a in a n d r e p e a t th e s e n te n c e s.
u s e d t o h o ld a d o o r f o r a w o m a n t o a llo w h e r t o g o t h r o u g h fir s t . T h e y a lw a y s
u s e d t o p a y f o r m e a ls - b u t w e 'll c o m e b a c k t o t h a t o n e la te r. A ll o f t h e s e
c u s t o m s w e r e c o n s id e r e d g o o d m a n n e rs , a n d p e o p le lo o k e d d o w n o n m e n
4 READING
a
R e a d th e a r t ic le o n c e a n d c h e c k ( / ) th e
b e st s u m m a ry .
1 H o w m e n s h o u ld b e h a v e to w a r d
w o m e n in th e 2 1 s t c e n tu ry .
2 H o w m e n b e h a v e d to w a r d w o m e n
in th e past.
3 T h e d iffe r e n c e b e tw e e n m e n ’s a n d
w o m e n 's m a n n e rs .
w h o d id n o t c o n fo r m .
In fa c t, t h is s e t o f ru le s a c tu a lly m a d e t h in g s e a s ie r f o r m e n . If th e y b ro k e a
ru le , th e y k n e w p e r f e c t ly w e ll t h a t t h e y w e r e g o in g t o o ffe n d s o m e b o d y . Today,
it is m u c h e a s ie r t o c a u s e o f f e n s e w it h o u t m e a n in g to . F o r e x a m p le , i f a m a n
o p e n s a d o o r t o le t a w o m a n t h r o u g h fir s t , a n d s h e d o e s s o w it h o u t sa y in g
t h a n k you , t h e m a n m a y f e e l o f f e n d e d . A n d if a m a n in v ite s a w o m a n t o a
r e s t a u r a n t o f h is c h o ic e o n t h e ir f ir s t d a te , a n d t h e n a s k s h e r t o p a y h e r h a lf o f
t h e c h e c k , it m a y b e t h e w o m a n w h o g e ts u p s e t. W o m e n n o lo n g e r w a n t t o b e
t r e a t e d a s t h e w e a k e r se x , w h ic h le a v e s m e n in a d ile m m a . O n o n e h a n d , m e n
a r e c o n s c io u s o f t h e “ L a d ie s F ir s t ” t r a d itio n , b u t o n t h e o th e r, t h e y d o n o t w a n t
t o o f f e n d . O f te n , th e y d o n 't k n o w w h a t t o do.
T h e b e s t a d v ic e is th is : if in d o u b t, m e n s h o u ld f o llo w t h e ru le s o f “ L a d ie s F irs t.”
E v e n if t h e w o m a n c o n s id e r s t h e b e h a v io r in a p p ro p ria te , s h e w ill s till r e a liz e
t h a t t h e m a n h a s g o o d m a n n e rs . T h is is p a r t ic u la r ly r e le v a n t o n t h a t f ir s t d a te
w e w e r e ta lk in g a b o u t. If t h e m a n h a s in v ite d t h e w o m a n o u t, t h e n h e s h o u ld
p a y t h e c h e c k . A c tu a lly , it's t h e in v it a t io n t o d in n e r it s e lf t h a t is im p o r t a n t h e re ,
n o t t h e a m o u n t o f m o n e y s p e n t. In g e n e ra l, w o m e n a p p r e c ia te a p ic n ic o r a
h o m e - m a d e d in n e r j u s t a s m u c h a s a n e x p e n s iv e m e al.
S o t h e a n s w e r t o o u r o r ig in a l q u e s tio n is: yes. “ L a d ie s F ir s t ” is s till r e le v a n t
to d a y , b u t n o t in t h e s a m e w a y a s it w a s in t h e p a s t. M o s t w o m e n a p p r e c ia t e a
k in d g e s tu re m a d e b y a m a n , b u t h e s h o u ld n e v e r a c c o m p a n y it w it h t h e w o r d s
“ L a d ie s F ir s t ” - it s p o ils t h e e f f e c t c o m p le te ly !
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b
R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in a n d c h o o s e th e
5 LISTENING
r ig h t a n s w e r.
1 A c c o r d in g to th e a r t ic le ...
a
d if f e r e n t c o u n t r ie s . W h a t k in d o f a d v ic e d o th e f o u r p e o p le a s k
a th e id e a o f “ L a d ie s f ir s t ” s ta rte d in the
a b o u t? C h e c k ( / ) th e c o r r e c t a n s w e rs . T h e r e is o n e p ie c e o f a d v ic e
M id d le A g e s.
y o u d o n o t n e e d to u se.
b th e id e a o f “ L a d ie s f ir s t ” is a n e w idea,
1 A d v ic e a b o u t h o w to b e h a v e in b u s in e s s s itu a tio n s .
(c) it ’s n o t k n o w n w h e n th e id e a o f
2 A d v ic e a b o u t b o d y la n g u a g e .
“ L a d ie s f ir s t ” sta rte d .
3 A d v ic e a b o u t m e e tin g n e w p e o p le .
2 In th e p a s t...
4 A d v ic e a b o u t f o r m in g a lin e .
a m e n d id n 't k n o w h o w to behave
5 A d v ic e a b o u t v is it in g s o m e o n e 's h o u s e .
to w a rd w o m e n .
b “ L a d ie s f ir s t ” w a s v e ry p o lite ,
c
b
it d id n ’t m a tte r i f m e n b ro k e th e ru le s.
a
a a re n 't s u re h o w to behave
© p e o p le w h o are y o u n g e r th a n you .
b be h ave in th e sa m e w a y
2 W h e n is it p o lite to sa y t h a n k y o u in B r a z il?
to w a rd w o m e n ,
a w h e n a fr ie n d o ffe rs y o u a d r in k
ha ve n e w r u le s to fo llo w .
b w h e n a s tra n g e r o p e n s a d o o r
4 A c c o r d in g to th e a rtic le , m e n s h o u ld ...
c
a n o t t h in k a b o u t w h a t w o m e n w a n t,
a “ C o m e h ere.”
n o t f o llo w th e r u le s o f “ L a d ie s fir s t.”
b “ S to p .”
5 A c c o r d in g to th e a rtic le , w o m e n ...
c
a a lw a y s w a n t e x p e n s iv e th in g s ,
a m u s t n o t b o w to an yon e,
lik e a m e a l a t h o m e o r in a re sta u ra n t.
b m u s t b o w to e ve ryo n e .
L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s a n d
c c a n b o w to s h o w p o lite n e ss.
p h ra s e s . W h a t d o y o u t h in k th e y m e a n ?
5 A c c o r d in g to th e e x p e rt, i f a K o r e a n p e r s o n is h a p p y, th e y b o w v e r y ...
U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p t h e ir
a q u ic k ly .
m e a n in g a n d p r o n u n c ia t io n .
b slo w ly ,
d F in d th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s o r p h r a s e s
in th e te x t t o m a t c h th e d e f in it io n s .
“ G o aw ay.”
4 A fo r e ig n p e r s o n in K o r e a . ..
b d o n ’t lik e it w h e n m e n c o o k .
c
b o th a a n d b a re c o r r e c t
3 W h ic h g e stu re , o fte n m a d e b y p o lic e o ffic e r s , is a n in s u lt in G re e c e ?
b f o llo w th e r u le s o f “ L a d ie s fir s t .”
c
p e o p le w h o a re o ld e r th a n y o u .
b anyone.
to w a rd w o m e n ,
c
L is t e n a g a in a n d c h o o s e th e r ig h t a n s w e r s .
1 A c c o r d in g to th e e x p e rt, in T h a ila n d y o u s h o u ld n o t g iv e a “w a i” t o . ..
3 N o w a d a y s ,m e n ...
c
L is t e n t o a r a d io p r o g r a m a b o u t g o o d m a n n e r s in
c
c
deeply.
L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p . 71.
1 n o t r ig h t f o r a p a r t ic u la r s it u a tio n
inappropriate ______________________
2 a n a c t io n th a t s h o w s o th e r p e o p le h o w
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
y o u fe e l
L e a r n th e se w o rd s and p h ra se s.
3 u n d e rs ta n d th e v a lu e o f s o m e th in g
e tiq u e tte /'etakot/
m a n n e r s /'m asnarz/
4 a n id e a
host
I h o s te s s / h o u s t/ /'h o u sta s/
b e h a v e / b i'h e iv /
5 upset so m eb o d y
d e s e rv e /dr'zarv/
d is t u r b /d i'sta rb /
6 th o u g h t th e y w e re b e tte r th a n
in a p p r o p r ia t e / in a 'p r o o p r io t/
in s u lt in g /in 's A ltiq /
a lle r g ic to / a 'b r d 3 rk ta/
s h o u ld h a v e ( w ritte n ) /Jo d av/
g E fr®
O -T g
FILE 4
29
languagedownload.ir
It's n o t w h e t h e r y o u w in o r lo s e t h a t m a t t e r s ,
b u t w h e t h e r I w in o r lo s e .
Sandy Lyle, Scottish golfer
5A
Sports superstitions
3 READING
1 G R A M M A R past tenses
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f
a
s e n te n c e s .
th e v e r b s i n p a r e n th e s e s . U s e th e s im p le p a s t, p a s t
c o n t in u o u s , o r p a s t p e r fe c t.
1 W e w e re la te . W h e n w e
R e a d th e a r t ic le o n p. 31 o n c e . C o m p le t e th e
1 T h e b o y w a s p la y in g ______________________________ .
arrived
(a rriv e ), e v e ry o n e
had finished ( fin is h ) t h e ir lu n c h a n d th e y
were sitting (sit) o n th e p a tio h a v in g c o ffe e .
e lse
2 H e c h e a te d b y t a k in g ______________________________.
b
R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in . M a r k th e s e n te n c e s T (tru e )
o r F (fa lse ).
2 T h e y ______________ (d riv e ) to th e a ir p o r t w h e n th e y
s u d d e n ly ______________ (re m e m b e r) th a t th e y
1 A c c o r d in g to th e a r t ic le , p e o p le u s u a lly le a rn
____________________ (n o t t u r n o f f ) th e lig h ts .
n o t to c h e a t w h e n th e y a re y o u n g c h ild r e n .
2 B la n k t ile s c a n b e u s e d w h e n p la y e rs d o n ’t
3 T h e g a m e ____________________ (a lre a d y / s ta rt) w h e n
h a v e th e r ig h t le tte r.
w e ______________ (tu rn o n ) the T V . T h e R e d S o x ___________
__
3 T h e b o y w a s o n e o f th e b e s t p la y e rs in the
(lo se ) a n d t h e y ______________ (p la y ) v e r y b a d ly.
to u r n a m e n t.
4 I ____________________ (n o t r e c o g n iz e ) m a n y p e o p le
4 T h e p r e v io u s day, th e b o y h a d b e a te n
at m y o ld s c h o o l r e u n io n b e ca u se e v e ry o n e
A rth u r M o o re .
______________ (ch a n g e) a lo t in t w e n ty y e a rs.
__
5 M o o r e c a u g h t th e b o y w h ile h e w a s m a k in g
5 M y s is t e r ______________ (w a it) to g o o u t f o r d in n e r
__
a w o rd .
y e s te rd a y w h e n h e r b o y f r ie n d ______________ (c a ll) h e r to
sa y th a t h e ______________ (n o t c a n ) c o m e b e ca u se h is c a r
6 H e s a w th e b o y ta k e a b la n k t ile o u t o f
_______________( b re a k d o w n ).
h is p o c k e t.
6 R e a l M a d r id ______________ (beat) B a rc e lo n a yesterday.
q u e s tio n s t r u t h f u lly .
M a d r id ______________ (score) tw o g o a ls in the se co n d h a lf.
7 H e ______________ (ru n ) to th e s t a tio n , b u t th e n in e
o 'c lo c k t r a i n ____________________ (a lre a d y / leave).
8 H e w a sn 't a llo w e d to c o n tin u e p la y in g .
c
w e a r) a c o a t a n d I ______________
(n o t have) a n u m b r e lla .
__
L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s . W h a t
lo o k u p t h e ir m e a n in g a n d p r o n u n c ia t io n .
_______________(w a it) fo r th e n e x t tr a in .
to w o r k . I ______________ (ca ll) a c a r s e r v ic e b e ca u se
__
d o y o u t h in k t h e y m e a n ? U s e y o u r d ic t io n a r y to
T h e s t a tio n w a s e m p ty e x c e p t f o r t w o p e o p le w h o
8 I t ______________(start) r a in in g w h e n I ______________ (w alk)
__
7 T h e b o y a n s w e re d th e t o u r n a m e n t d ir e c t o r ’s
B a r c e lo n a ______________ (w in ) 1 - 0 in the f ir s t h a lf, b u t
I _____________ (n o t
_F_
d
C o m p le t e th e s e n te n c e s w it h o n e o f th e h ig h lig h t e d
w o rd s o r p h ra se s.
1 Jam es
discretely
b o u g h t th e p re s e n t w h e n h is
w if e w a s n ’ t lo o k in g .
2 S a m ____________________ t e llin g lie s a b o u t h e r
2 P R O N U N C IA T IO N /or/, /or/
a
c o lle a g u e s .
3 T h e a th le te w a s ____________________ a fte r he m a d e
(Ci r c l e ) t h e w o r d w it h a d if f e r e n t s o u n d .
2
1
4
3
horse
fo u r
shorts
warm up
(w o rk outD
bird
fir s t
h u rt
sp o rts
w orld
th re e fa ls e s ta rts.
X w
4 M y c o m p u te r is b ro k e n , s o I ’m g o in g to
it w it h a n e w one.
horse
course
flo o r
score
w o rst
bird
co u rt
serve
s h irt
worse
5 S h e b e c a m e ____________________ w h e n sh e fo u n d
th e t r a in tic k e ts in h is p o c k e t .
6 H e c o u ld n 't ____________________ th e m a n o f
ly in g b e ca u se th e re w a s n o p r o o f he h a d d o n e
a n y t h in g bad.
7 Ja c k b e a t h i s ____________________ 6 - 1 , 6 - 3 .
L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n lis t e n a g a in a n d
r e p e a t th e w o r d s .
8 T h e y ____________________ to s t e a lin g a fte r th e y lo s t
t h e ir job s.
languagedownload.ir
t ’s n o rm a l fo r young children to cheat when they're
I
com petitions before. This made some o f th e o th e r players
playing board games. As the y grow older, the y realize th a t
suspicious, including th e man w ho caught him, 43-year-old
the fun is actually in taking p a rt in the game, not necessarily
A rth u r M oore. M oore had already played th e boy th e day
in w inning it. By th e tim e the y reach th e ir teens, the y have
before, and M oore had won th e game, a lthough th e boy had
usually learned n o t to cheat. Sadly, this was n o t th e case
had both o f th e blank tiles. In Scrabble, befo re a new game
fo r a player in a national board game championship held
starts, th e players p u t th e tile s fro m th e previous game
annually in th e US. The player w anted to w in so much th a t
back in to a small bag. This tim e, M oore had a good look at
he resorted to cheating.
th e tiles on th e ta b le before he and his o pp o n e n t put them
The board game was Scrabble. This is a w ord game th a t
in the bag to s ta rt th e game. He was n o t surprised to see
was created in 1938 by an Am erican a rc h ite c t named A lfred
th a t th e tw o blanks were to g e th e r on th e table in fr o n t o f
M osher Butts. In th e game, players have to make words
th e boy. As th e tw o players w ere p u ttin g th e tile s in to the
fro m individual le tte rs on small squares called "tile s / 1 and
bag, M oore discretely w atched th e boy’s le ft hand. He saw
th e n p u t th e w ords on a board. Two o f th e m ost useful tiles
th e boy pick up th e tw o blanks, and p u t his hand under
in th e game are th e blanks, w hich are tile s w ith o u t any
th e table. This was th e signal fo r M oore to call one o f the
le tte rs on them . A blank isn’t w o rth any points, b u t a player
organizers and accuse th e boy o f cheating.
can use it to replace any le tte r o f th e alphabet.
When the boy was taken away fo r questioning, he
The cheater in this p a rticu la r to u rn a m e n t was a 15-year-old
a d m itte d to taking th e tw o blanks during th e game and
boy fro m Orlando, Florida. He had surprised organizers in
hiding the m under the table. As a result o f his cheating, the
th e early stages o f th e co m p etitio n by beating some o f the
to u rn a m e n t d ire c to r disqualified him and banned him fro m
best players, despite th e fa c t th a t he had never played in
playing in th e co m p e titio n again.
31
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4 VOCABULARY sports
a
R e a d th e d e f in it io n s a n d w r it e th e w o r d s .
5 LISTENING
a
W h i c h c o u n t r y w o n t h e c o m p e t it io n i n th e e n d ?
1 an a re a o f w a te r th a t s w im m e r s use
swimming
C ffiE fil& fli L is t e n t o a r a d io p r o g r a m a b o u t a s p o r t s s c a n d a l.
pool
2 th e p e r s o n w h o c o n t r o ls a s o c c e r g a m e
r ___________________
3 a n a re a w h e re s k iin g is d o n e
s_______________
4 to h it s o m e th in g w it h y o u r fo o t
k________________
5 s o m e b o d y w h o is v e r y e n th u s ia s tic
a b o u t s p o rts
f ___________________
6 a n a re a w h e re g o lf is p la y e d
c___________________
7 e x e rc is e to b e c o m e h e a lth y a n d s tro n g
g----------------------------- i n s --------------------------8 a n a re a o f g r o u n d w h e re p e o p le
p la y s o c c e r
b
f ___________________
1 T h e s c a n d a l h a p p e n e d d u r in g th e t e n n is t o u r n a m e n t o f
9 a p e r s o n w h o t r a in s p e o p le to c o m p e te in
th e 2 0 1 2 O ly m p ic s .
c e r t a in s p o r t s
c___________________
10
a la rg e s tru c tu re , u s u a lly w it h n o ro o f,
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h th e s im p le
p a s t o f th e v e r b s i n th e b o x .
1 The U S
lo se play- sco re
w arm up win
played
2 S o u t h K o r e a a n d In d ia w e re in v o lv e d i n th e s c a n d a l.
__
3 It h a p p e n e d d u r in g th e f ir s t stage.
__
in t o th e n et.
st___________________
b e a t g e t injured
th ro w tie tra in
c
__
6 T h e te a m s c h e a te d b e c a u s e th e y h a d b e e n o ffe r e d m o n e y .
__
7 T h e c r o w d d id n ’ t e n jo y th e m a tc h e s.
__
8 S o u th K o r e a w o n th e s ilv e r m e d a l.
__
L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p . 7 2 .
th e c h a m p io n s h ip .
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
b e fo re th e to u r n a m e n t.
3 T h e C a n a d ia n r u n n e r ______________ th e
ra ce . H e g o t th e g o ld m e d a l.
4 T h e p la y e r s _____________________________
b y jo g g in g a n d d o in g e a sy e x e rc is e s ju st
b e fo re th e g a m e s ta rte d .
5 J o e ______________ th e s c o re w h e n he h it a
h o m e ru n !
6 I d id n ’t p la y w e ll i n th e s e m if in a l r o u n d .
I _________ J_____ 2 - 6 , 1 - 6 .
7 M a r c ______________ th e b a ll to h is
b r o th e r, b u t h is b r o th e r d r o p p e d it.
8 B r a z i l ______________ S w e d e n . T h e y h a d a
m u c h b e tte r te a m .
9 T h e A r g e n t in ia n s t r i k e r ______________
f o u r g o a ls i n th e la s t ga m e .
10
O u r best p la y e r__________________________
in the second h a l f a n d w a s ta k e n o f f the
fie ld to see th e te a m 's d o c to r.
32
__
5 T h e sa m e t h in g h a p p e n e d i n a n o th e r m a tc h .
R u s s ia la s t n ig h t fo r
2 T h e t e a m ______________ h a rd e v e ry d ay
_F
4 O n e w a y th e y c h e a te d w a s b y h it t in g th e s h u ttle c o c k
w h e re p e o p le ca n sit a n d w a tch sp o rts
b
L is t e n a g a in a n d m a r k th e s e n t e n c e s T ( tru e ) o r F (fa lse ).
L e a r n th e se w o rd s and p h ra se s.
fa te /feit/
r it u a ls / 'r itju a lz /
s u p e r s t it io n /s u p a r's tijn /
b o u n c e /b a u n s /
ch e a t /tjit/
re v e a l / r i'v il/
s w e a t /sw st/
a lu c k y c h a r m /ə ' U k i t ja r m /
r e s u lt in /ri'Z A lt in /
tie y o u r s h o e la c e s / ta i y a r 'fu le is iz /
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L o v e is lik e w a r: e a s y t o b e g in b u t v e r y h a rd t o s t o p .
HL Mencken, USjournalist
5B
Love at Exit 19
1 GRAMMAR usually and used to
a
2 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress;
the letter s
C o r r e c t a n y m is t a k e s i n th e h ig h lig h t e d p h r a s e s .
C h e c k ( / ) t h e c o r r e c t s e n te n c e s .
a
1 W h e r e d id y o u u se d to liv e b e fo re y o u m o v e d h e re ?
1 W h e r e d id y o u u s e to l i v e ?
did you use to live?____________________________________
2 D id y o u u s e to w e a r g l a s s e s ?
2 J e rry u se d to h a ve a h e a rd , b u t he sh ave d it o f f la st w ee k.
✓
Tt333l L is t e n a n d re p e a t. C o p y th e r h y t h m .
3 T h e y u s e d to h a v e a lo t o f m o n e y .
___________________________
4 H e u s e d to g o to m y s c h o o l .
3 I u s u a lly g o to th e g y m w h e n I le a v e w o r k .
5 W e u s e d to w o r k t o g e t h e r .
4 M y w ife d o e s n ’t u se to w e a r m akeup . S h e d o e sn ’t lik e it.
6 Y o u u s e d to h a v e l o n g h a i r .
7 W e d i d n ’t u s e to g e t a l o n g .
5
D id y o u u se to h a ve lo n g h a ir ?
6 I use to w a lk to w o r k . M y o f f ic e is o n ly te n m in u te s
8 I d i d n ’t u s e to l i k e it.
b
f r o m m y h o u se .
(tq u r d e ) th e w o r d w it h a d if f e r e n t s o u n d .
1
2
3J
7 C a r o l d id n 't u se d t o t a lk to m e, b u t n o w sh e a lw a y s
sa ys h e llo .
snake
8
D o y o u u se to g et u p la te o n S u n d a y s ?
9
D id y o u u se d to w a tc h c a r t o o n s w h e n y o u w e re lit t le ?
10
W e d o n 't u s u a lly sta y in e x p e n s iv e h o te ls , b u t th is
c
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h
fo rm o f
1 She
usually o r th e c o r r e c t
used to, a n d th e v e r b s i n p a r e n th e s e s .
used to wear
eyes
easy
especially
nowadays
shower
m
television
tissue
please
sure
sugar
usually
pleasure
decision
music
L is t e n a n d c h e c k . T h e n l is t e n a g a in a n d
r e p e a t th e w o r d s .
w e e k e n d is s p e c ia l.
b
zebra
see
(friends)
m ost
social
4
g la sse s, b u t n o w sh e h a s
c o n ta c t le n se s, (w ear)
3 VOCABULARY relationships
a
C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h th e p e o p le i n th e b o x .
classm ates close friend colleague
ex fiance roommate w ife
couple
2 H e ________________________ a n im a ls , b u t n o w h e h a s
a dog . (n o t lik e )
3 I ________________________ m y p a re n ts o n S u n d a y .
I t’s g o o d to t a lk to th e m , (ca ll)
4 I ________________________ F r e n c h c la sse s, b u t I s to p p e d
b e c a u se I d o n 't h a v e t im e n o w . (take)
5 W e n e v e r ________________________ , b u t n o w w e g o to
re s ta u r a n ts t w ic e a w e e k , (eat o ut)
6 I ________________________ la te , b u t to d a y I h a ve a lo t
to d o . (n o t w o rk )
7 M y s is t e r ________________________ v e r y shy, b u t n o w
sh e ’s c o n fid e n t, (be)
8 T h e y ________________________ m e a p re s e n t o n m y
b irth d a y , b u t t h is y e a r th e y fo rg o t! (give)
1 W e ’re m a r rie d .
S h e 's m y
wife__________ .
2 I s h a re a n a p a r tm e n t
w it h her.
3 I w o r k w it h h im .
S h e ’s m y _________________.
H e ’s m y _________________ .
4 W e u se d to g o to s c h o o l
to g e th e r.
W e w e r e _________________ .
5 I 'm g o in g to m a r r y h im .
H e 's m y _________________ .
6 I u se d to g o o u t w it h her.
S h e ’s m y _________________.
7 W e 'v e k n o w n e a ch o th e r
f o r a lo n g tim e . I t e ll h e r
e v e r y th in g .
S h e ’s a ___________________.
8 W e ’ve b e e n g o in g o u t
to g e th e r f o r th re e y e a rs.
W e 're a __________________ .
languagedownload.ir
b
C o m p le t e th e t e x t w it h t h e s im p le p a s t o f th e
4 READING
v e r b s i n th e b o x .
a
be to g e th e r become frie n ds break up
g e t along g e t to know g e t in tou ch g e t married
go o u t to g e th e r have (sth) in common
lose tou ch meet- propose
Anna 1
met
R e a d t h e a r t ic le o n c e . H o w m a n y f r ie n d s d o e s th e a v e ra g e
A m e r ic a n h a v e ?
L u k e w h e n s h e s ta r te d w o rk .
T h e y 2____________ e a c h o t h e r q u ic k ly b e c a u s e
t h e y sat n e x t to e a c h o t h e r i n th e o ffic e . T h e y
s o o n 3____________ a n d t h e y d is c o v e r e d th a t
t h e y 4____________ a l o t _____________ b e c a u s e
t h e y w e r e b o th s p o r t s fa n s . T h e y 5____________
Your
friends in
numbers
a fe w t im e s a f t e r w o r k a n d t h e y f e ll i n lo v e .
T h e y 6____________ fo r a y e a r, b u t t h e y a rg u e d
a lo t, a n d i n th e e n d t h e y 7____________ . A f t e r
that, A n n a got a n e w jo b in a d iffe r e n t to w n a n d
so t h e y 8____________ . T e n y e a r s la te r, th e y
9____________ a g a in o n F a c e b o o k . T h e y w e re
b o t h s t i l l s in g le a n d M a r k h a d c h a n g e d jo b s,
H
ow m a n y f r ie n d s does th e a v e ra g e p e r s o n have?
A re s e a rc h e r a t C o r n e ll U n iv e r s it y re c e n tly d id a s tu d y
to le a r n th e n u m b e r o f fr ie n d s a t y p ic a l A m e r ic a n h a s.
H e in te r v ie w e d m o re t h a n 2 , 0 0 0 a d u lt s ag e d 18 a n d o v e r in
h is stu d y . H e a s k e d th e m to lis t th e n a m e s o f th e p e o p le th e y
h a d d is c u s s e d s e r io u s m a tte rs w it h in th e la s t s ix m o n th s .
too. T h e y d e c id e d to t r y a g a in , a n d t h is t im e
A b o u t 4 8 % o f th e p e o p le t a k in g p a r t g a ve th e re s e a rc h e r o n e
th e y 10___________ b e tt e r t h a n b e fo re , m a y b e
n a m e , 1 8 % g a ve h im tw o , a n d a b o u t
b e c a u s e th e y w e r e n 't w o r k in g to g e th e r. A f t e r
t h a n tw o .
s ix m o n th s , L u k e 11____________ a n d A n n a
T h e s e re su lts c o n t r a s t d r a m a t ic a lly w it h the n e w s p u b lis h e d by
a c c e p te d . T h e y 12____________ la s t s p r in g .
th e s o c ia l n e tw o r k in g site F a c e b o o k recen tly. T h e y sa id th a t the
A lo t o f t h e ir o ld c o lle a g u e s fro m w o r k c a m e
to th e w e d d in g !
29% g a ve h im m o re
average u ser o n th e site ha s 1 3 0 frie n d s . T h e C o r n e ll U n iv e r s ity
s tu d y fo u n d the average n u m b e r o f frie n d s to be a lo t lo w e r 2 .0 3 to be e x a ct. T h e re se a rch e r f r o m C o r n e ll h a s e x p la in e d th a t
th e d iffe re n c e lie s in th e d e fin itio n o f th e w o r d
friend. A frie n d
o n F a c e b o o k m a y be a p e rs o n w h o th e u ser has m e t b y c h a n c e
o r so m e o n e th a t th e y w i l l ne ve r m e e t in re a l life . H o w e v e r,
th e frie n d s in th e re se a rch e r’s s tu d y a re c lo s e frie n d s , w h o
p a r tic ip a n ts feel c o m fo r ta b le d is c u s s in g th e ir p ro b le m s w ith .
In a s im ila r s tu d y c o n d u c te d 2 5 y e a rs a g o , p a r tic ip a n ts h a d
a h ig h e r n u m b e r o f c lo s e frie n d s . T h e n , th e av e ra g e n u m b e r
w a s th re e . D e s p ite th e lo w e r n u m b e r, th e re se a rc h e r d o e s
n o t b e lie v e th a t p e o p le a re g e tt in g m o re is o la t e d . In ste a d he
t h in k s it ’s a s ig n th a t th e y a re b e c o m in g b e tte r a t c h o o s in g
w h o th e y c a n t r u s t w it h t h e ir secrets.
T h is is s u p p o rte d b y th e n u m b e r o f p e o p le in th e s tu d y w h o
c o u ld n o t t h in k o f a n y n a m e s o f c lo s e frie n d s th e y w o u ld
d is c u s s t h e ir p e rs o n a l p ro b le m s w it h . T h e p e rc e n ta g e o f these
p a r tic ip a n ts is th e sa m e th is tim e as it w a s 2 5 y e a rs a g o . In
b o th s tu d ie s , ju s t o v e r 4 % o f th e p a r tic ip a n ts g a ve re se a rch e rs
n o n a m e s. A p p a r e n t ly , th e p e o p le w h o fa ll in t o th is c a te g o ry
a re m o re lik e ly to be m e n , o r p e o p le w it h less e d u c a tio n .
In g e n e ra l, th e re se a rc h e r fr o m C o r n e ll re g a rd s th ese fin d in g s
as p o s itiv e . In h is o p in io n , th e y s u g g e s t th a t, a t le a st in th e case
o f A m e r ic a n s , p e o p le a re n o t b e c o m in g less so c ia b le .
34
languagedownload.ir
b
R e a d th e a r t ic le a g a in a n d c h o o s e th e b e s t a n s w e r.
1 M o s t p e o p le in th e C o r n e ll U n iv e r s it y s tu d y h a d
s p o k e n a b o u t s o m e th in g im p o r t a n t w it h . ..
5 L IS T E N IN G
a
Y o u a re g o in g t o h e a r a r a d io p r o g r a m a b o u t
r e s e a r c h o n lo v e a n d a t t r a c t io n . N u m b e r th e t o p ic s i n th e
(a) o n e p e rs o n ,
o r d e r y o u h e a r th e m .
b t w o p e o p le ,
c
a
m o re t h a n t w o p e o p le .
2 T h e n e w s p u b lis h e d b y F a c e b o o k is d iffe r e n t
f r o m th e r e s u lt s in th e C o r n e ll s tu d y b e c a u s e ...
b
b th e s tu d ie s a re f r o m d if f e r e n t y e a rs,
th e r e la t io n s h ip s a r e n ’t th e sam e.
__
L is t e n a g a in a n d m a r k th e s e n te n c e s T ( tru e ) o r F (fa lse ).
a ttr a c tiv e .
b th e s a m e n u m b e r o f
_F_
__
3 L o o k in g in t o s o m e o n e ’s eyes c a n m a k e th e m fe e l
m o r e a ttra c te d t o y o u .
fe w e r
__
4 T h e r e w e re t w o w e d d in g s a fte r a n e x p e r im e n t in
4 T h e n u m b e r o f p e o p le w it h n o c lo s e frie n d s
N e w Y o rk .
i s ______________ it w a s in th e past.
__
5 S ta n d in g u p s tra ig h t is a g o o d w a y to k ee p s o m e o n e ’s
a h ig h e r th a n
a tte n tio n .
b th e sa m e as
6 A p e r s o n w i l l c o p y y o u r b o d y la n g u a g e i f th e y t h in k
lo w e r th a n
y o u a re in te r e s tin g .
5 T h e re s u lts o f th e C o r n e ll s tu d y s h o w th a t
__
7 It is im p o s s ib le to k n o w i f s o m e o n e is s m ilin g w h e n
A m e r ic a n s to d a y a r e ______________ th e y
y o u 're t a lk in g t o th e m o n th e p h o n e .
u se d to be.
8 O f t e n w h e n o n e p e r s o n s m ile s , o th e r p e o p le s m ile to o .
a m o re s o c ia b le th a n
b as s o c ia b le as
c
J_
H o w to u se y o u r v o ic e at a f ir s t m e e tin g .
2 A p e rs o n 's b o d y la n g u a g e c a n m a k e th e m m o re
a m o re
c
c
y o u t a lk to s o m e o n e y o u lik e .
c lo s e fr ie n d s in th e past.
c
__
1 It's v e r y im p o r t a n t to sa y th e r ig h t t h in g th e f ir s t tim e
3 A c c o r d in g to a p r e v io u s stu d y, p e o p le had
c
__
b B o d y la n g u a g e a t a f ir s t m e e tin g .
d H o w m u c h to s m ile at a f ir s t m e e tin g .
a th e p e o p le a re d iffe r e n t ages.
c
H o w to u s e y o u r eyes a t a f ir s t m e e tin g .
c
__
__
L is t e n a g a in w it h th e a u d io s c r ip t o n p. 7 2 .
le ss s o c ia b le th a n
L o o k a t th e h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s .
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
W h a t d o y o u t h in k th e y m e a n ? U s e y o u r
d ic t io n a r y to lo o k u p t h e ir m e a n in g a n d
L e a r n th e se w o rd s and p h ra se s.
p r o n u n c ia t io n .
c a n d le /'k te n d l/
d C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w it h o n e o f th e
c o m m u te r /k a 'm y u to r/
h ig h lig h t e d w o r d s o r p h r a s e s .
1 I fo u n d a n o ld p a in t in g
by
c u te / k y u t/
chance
w h ile
I w a s c le a n in g th e a ttic .
2 I w o u ld n ’t _________________m y s o n w it h m y
p h o n e . H e ’d p r o b a b ly b r e a k it.
3 H o w m u c h m o n e y d o e s _________________
__________________________________ e a r n p e r y e a r?
4 T h e y ta lk e d a b o u t ________________________
_________________f ir s t , a n d t h e n m o v e d o n to the
lik e ly / T a ik li/
r a is e th e b a r r ie r / re iz ð ə 'bteriar/
a d d ic te d to (sth) /a'drktad ta/
n ig h t s h if t s / 'n a it Jifts/
t u r n o u t (to be) /ta rn 'a o t/
e x c h a n g e a fe w w o r d s / ik s 'tje in d 3 ə fy u w a rd z /
f in d th e c o u ra g e (to d o sth) /fa rn d ð ə 'k a n d 3/
le s s im p o r t a n t th in g s .
5 T h e r ic h e r p a r ts o f t o w n ________________________
&Ml
FILE 5
_________________w it h th e p o o r e r o u ts k ir ts .
6 S o m e te e n a g e rs a r e _________________
__________________________________ b e ca u se th e y
s p e n d s o m u c h t im e o n t h e ir c o m p u te rs .
35
languagedownload.ir
Practical English Old friends
1 PERMISSION AND REQUESTS
a
3 READING
it *
I
C o m p le t e th e re q u e s ts w i t h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f
th e v e r b s i n th e b o x .
do
join
pass
1 C o u ld y o u
m eet
do
take
visit
T
m e a b ig fa v o r?
2 D o y o u m in d i f I _________________y o u ?
I f y o u a r e n 't i n a h u r r y , th e b e s t a lt e r n a t iv e i s to g o b y ca r. Y o u
th e a ir p o r t ?
h a v e to b e a t le a s t 25 y e a r s o ld to r e n t a c a r i n th e S ta te s, a n d
4 Is it O K i f w e _________________m y p a re n ts
y o u n e e d a v a lid d r iv e r 's lic e n s e a n d a m a jo r c r e d it c a r d to d o so.
t h is w e e k e n d ?
T h e r e a r e a lo t o f r e n t a l c a r c o m p a n ie s , a n d t h e ir p r ic e s v a r y a
5 C a n y o u ________________ th e sa lt?
lo t. C o m p a r e c o m p a n ie s b e fo r e y o u d e c id e w h ic h o n e to u se, a n d
6 D o y o u t h in k y o u c o u ld ________________
r e m e m b e r it c a n b e c h e a p e r to b o o k f o r a w e e k t h a n f o r a day.
m e t o th e t r a in s ta tio n ?
M a t c h th e re q u e s ts f r o m
a
I f y o u p r e f e r to b e d r iv e n r a t h e r t h a n d r iv in g y o u r s e l f th e
a w it h th e re s p o n s e s a - f.
n e x t b e s t w a y to t r a v e l is b y b u s . G r e y h o u n d is th e m a jo r lo n g ­
d is t a n c e b u s c o m p a n y , a n d it h a s r o u t e s t h r o u g h t h e U S a n d
O f c o u r s e n o t. T a k e a seat,
C a n a d a . T ic k e t s a r e m u c h c h e a p e r i f y o u b u y t h e m s e v e n d a y s
b S u re . H e r e it is.
c
t h e c o u n t r y I t c a n b e e x p e n s iv e t h o u g h , s o h e r e a r e s o m e
o t h e r w a y s o f g e t t in g a r o u n d .
3 W o u ld y o u m i n d ________________ m e at
b
h e US is huge, s o f l y i n g is th e q u ic k e s t w a y to g e t a r o u n d
i n a d v a n c e , a n d t h e r e a r e o f t e n o t h e r o ffe r s . I f y o u 'r e t r a v e lin g
Y e s, o f c o u rs e . W h a t t im e ’s y o u r t r a in ?
w i t h a f r ie n d , y o u r c o m p a n io n g e ts 50% o f f i f y o u b u y th e
d ]t d e p en d s w h a t i t is!
t ic k e t s t h r e e d a y s b e f o r e y o u t r a v e l, a n d c h i ld r e n b e t w e e n th e
e N o t at a ll. W h e n d o y o u la n d ?
a g e s o f t w o a n d e le v e n g e t a 40% d is c o u n t .
f
A n a lt e r n a t iv e to u s in g t h e b u s i s t o t a k e t h e t r a in . A m t r a k
S u re . W h ic h d a y w o u ld b e b e st?
is t h e A m e r ic a n r a i l c o m p a n y , a n d it h a s lo n g - d is t a n c e l in e s
c o n n e c t in g a l l o f th e b ig g e s t c itie s . It a ls o r u n s b u s e s f r o m
2 SOCIAL ENGLISH
m a jo r s t a t io n s to s m a lle r t o w n s a n d n a t io n a l p a r k s . F a r e s v a r y
d e p e n d in g o n th e t y p e o f t r a in a n d t h e se a t, b u t y o u n e e d to
C o m p le t e th e d ia lo g u e .
r e s e r v e a t le a s t t h r e e d a y s a h e a d to g e t a d is c o u n t . S t u d e n t s
Jay
Dan! It’s g re a t t o 1 see
Dan
You too, Jay. I t ’s been years.
Jay
H o w 2 c____________ you’re so late?
Dan
My flig h t was delayed, and th e n I had to w a it
you.
forever fo r a taxi.
Jay
w i t h a n in t e r n a t io n a l s t u d e n t c a r d g e t 15% o f f th e r e g u la r fa re .
B r in g y o u r o w n f o o d b e c a u s e t h e d i n in g c a r is e x p e n s iv e .
a
R e a d th e te x t a n d a n s w e r th e q u e s tio n s .
1 W h a t d o y o u n e e d to r e n t a c a r in th e U S ?
Well, you're here now. Do you w a n t som ething
You need a valid driver’s license and a major credit card.______
to eat?
Dan
2 W h a t is th e d iffe r e n c e b e tw e e n a ll th e c a r r e n ta l c o m p a n ie s ?
N o 3 w _____________ , man! I w a n t to go o u t
and see th e city!
Jay
Don’t you w a n t to unpack firs t?
Dan
No, I can do th a t later. B ut I’ll take a shower,
3
4 H o w c a n y o u save m o n e y i f y o u 're t r a v e lin g a lo n e b y b u s?
if you d o n 't 4 m____________ .
Jay
Sure. Go ahead.
Dan
This is great. You and me g e ttin g ready to
W h e r e d o e s th e G r e y h o u n d b u s c o m p a n y o p e ra te ?
5
H o w m u c h d o s tu d e n ts p a y o n A m t r a k tr a in s ?
go out.
Jay
Dan
6 W h a t s h o u ld lo n g - d is ta n c e r a il p a ss e n g e rs ta k e w it h th e m ?
Yeah. It’s ju s t like the o ld 5 d____________ .
OK, I’m ready. L e t’s go. We have a lo t to
61____________ about.
b
U n d e r lin e f iv e w o r d s o r p h r a s e s y o u d o n ’t k n o w . U s e y o u r
d ic t io n a r y to l o o k u p t h e ir m e a n in g a n d p r o n u n c ia t io n .
languagedownload.ir
Listening
1 A)))
H ost W e lc o m e b a c k to the show'. Today,
w e’ve be e n d is c u s s in g T e resa G o ld 's
a rtic le The Truth About Healthy Eating.
A n d n o w it's tim e fo r you , th e liste n e rs,
to te ll u s w h a t y o u th in k . T h e lin e s
are o pen, s o a ll y o u have to d o is c a ll
1 -8 0 0 -5 5 5 -5 7 9 2 a n d ta lk to o ne o f o u r
o p e ra to rs. T h a t's 1 -8 0 0 -5 5 5 -5 7 9 2 .
A n d it lo o k s lik e w e have o u r f ir s t
ca lle r. K e v in fro m M ia m i, te ll us w h a t
y o u t h in k a b o u t the a rtic le .
Kevin W e ll, l'd lik e to say th a t I d o n 't
agree w ith the a rtic le at a ll. I d o n 't
eat m a n y fr u it s o r vegetables, a n d I'm
p e rfe c tly healthy. I h aven 't c a lle d in sic k
to w o r k fo r y e a rs - 1 c a n 't re m e m b e r the
la st tim e I h ad to stay in bed. T h is fiv e a-day th in g is garbage, is n ’t it?
H ost U m ... th a n k y o u , K e v in . 1 th in k
w e have a n o th e r c a lle r o n lin e tw o .
K a te fr o m C h ic a g o , are y o u there?
K ate Yes, I am . W e ll, I'm s u re the w r ite r
k n o w s w h a t she's t a lk in g ab out, b u t it
is n 't th a t easy. I m ean , i t ’s h a rd e n o u g h
to get k id s to eat vegetables at the best
o f tim es, b u t w it h a ll these b u rg e r
an d p iz z a place s a ro u n d , it's a lm o s t
im p o s s ib le . O n c e they get the taste fo r
ju n k fo o d , y o u ca n fo rg e t th e five-a-day,
th a t’s fo r sure!
H ost T h a n k s , K a te . A n d w h o 's o u r
n e x t ca lle r?
D erek U m , m y n a m e 's D e r e k a n d I'm
fr o m W a s h in g to n , D . C .
H ost A n d w h a t d o y o u t h in k , D e re k ?
D erek W e ll, I'd lik e to say th at 1 th in k
th a t the a rtic le is rig h t. I m ean, the
w r ite r ta lk s a b o u t e a tin g a lo t o f fr u its
a n d vegetables, w h ic h is s o m e th in g th at
w e've a lw a ys d o n e in m y fa m ily . M y
m o m 's a great c o o k . She a lw a ys uses
c o m p le te ly n a tu r a l in g re d ie n ts in her
c o o k in g , a n d w e're a lm o s t ne ve r s ic k ....
Host T h a n k you, D e re k . L e t’s go back to
lin e tw o again, w here w e have R o sie fro m
Boston. R osie, w hat's y o u r o p in io n ?
Rosie W e ll, the w rite r seem s to th in k that
A L L fr u its an d vegetables are g o o d fo r
you, an d I d o n ’t th in k that's true. I m ean,
w h at ab o u t potatoes? T h e y c o n ta in a lo t
o f carbohydrates, w h ic h can m ake you
g a in w eig h t ify o u are n 't ca re fu l - it ’s
even w orse i f you f r y them . A n d then
som e fru its , lik e m e lo n fo r exam ple, have
a lo t o f sugar. Pe rso n a lly, I t h in k you
s h o u ld eat a little o f e v e ry th in g an d n o t
to o m u ch o f o ne thing.
H ost T h a n k s , R o sie . A n d th at's a ll we
have tim e fo r today. W e 'll be sp e a k in g to
the w r ite r o f the a rtic le a fte r the break.
1 B)))
T erry I ’m exhausted!
Jane M e too. I h aven 't sto p p e d a ll day.
T erry N e ith e r have I.
Jane O h , w e ll. I guess i t 'l l get easier
w h e n the k id s g ro w up.
T erry D o y o u t h in k so?
Jane O f co u rse . W h e n th e y ’re older,
th e y 'll be m o re in d e p e n d e n t. W e
w o n 't have to d o e v e ry th in g fo r th e m
a n y m o re .
T erry A n d h o w lo n g w ill th a t take? Five,
s ix yea rs? O r m a yb e never!
Jane L o o k , w h a t’s th e p ro b le m , T e rry ?
T erry N o th in g . It's ju st th a t w e never
have tim e fo r e ach o th e r these days.
W e 're a lw a ys w it h the kid s!
Jane B u t th a t's w h a t h a p p e n s w h e n you
have k id s . I t 'll get better!
T erry I d o n 't k n o w ... M y p a re n ts w ere
t a lk in g a b o u t u s g o in g to liv e w ith
them . D o y o u t h in k it w o u ld be e asier
fo r us i f w e liv e d w ith m y parents?
Jane W e ll, I guess it'd have its
advantages.
T erry Y eah, I m e a n fo r o n e th in g there'd
a lw a ys be so m e o n e to take ca re o f
the k id s.
Jane T h a t so u n d s goo d.
T erry A n d w e c o u ld g o o u t in the
e v e n in g w ith o u t the k id s . Just
im a g in e that!
Jane H m r n . T h a t d o e sn 't re a lly m a tte r
to me.
T erry A n d th ere w o u ld be m o re p eo ple
to sh are the h o u s e w o rk , to o . It w o u ld n ’t
a lw a ys be the sam e p e rso n w h o does
the s h o p p in g , c le a n s the ho use, an d
c o o k s the m eals.
Jane Yes, b u t th ere w o u ld be m o re
p e o p le in the ho use, so th ere w o u ld
be m o re w 'ork to do. S h o p p in g and
c o o k in g fo r s ix is n ’t the sam e as d o in g
it fo r fo ur.
T erry I guess so.
Jane A n d a n o th e r d isa d v a n ta g e is th at
w e w o u ld n 't have a n y p riv a cy.
T erry T ru e .
Jane A n d y o u k n o w w h a t y o u r parents
are lik e . T h e y le t the k id s d o e v e ry th in g
th e y w a n t to do.
T erry H m rn . I guess y o u d o n ’t w a n t to
m o v e in w it h m y pa re n ts, then.
Jane N o t re a lly , no . W o u ld y o u lik e to
m ove in w ith m in e ?
T erry N o , d e fin ite ly n o t ... A c tu a lly ,
th in g s a re n 't so bad r ig h t now .
Jane I agree.
T erry A n d the k id s w ill b e o ld e r so o n.
Jane Yes, they w ill.
T erry T h a t's se ttled then. W e're
s ta y in g here.
Jane F in e .
2 A)))
Speaker 1 : C a n I liv e o n m y sa la ry ?
W e ll, I d o n 't re a lly have m a n y
p ro b le m s, because I’m s t ill liv in g w ith
m y m o m a n d dad. D o n 't get m e w ro n g ,
I give m y m o m so m e m o n e y fo r rent,
bu t it ’s d e fin ite ly m u ch ch e a pe r than
liv in g o n y o u r o w n . I a c tu a lly have
a p re tty g o o d s a la ry - I'm a g ra p h ic
designer. I d o n 't re a lly sp e n d m u ch - 1
b u y so m e new c lo th e s every n o w a n d
then, an d I have to p u t gas in m y car, o f
co u rse , b u t a p a rt fr o m that, it's re a lly
ju st g o in g o u t o n the w eeken ds. M o s t o f
m y m o n e y goes in to a sa v in g s a c co u n t
so th a t I ca n b u y m y o w n h o u se one day.
Speaker 2 : I fin d it re a lly h a rd to live
o n m y in c o m e because I o n ly have a
p a rt-tim e job. B e in g o n m y o w n w ith
m y d a u g h te r m e a n s th a t m y m o m has
to ta ke ca re o f h e r w h e n I'm a t w o rk . A t
le ast I d o n 't have to pay fo r c h ild ca re !
T h e h o u se w e liv e in is rented, so th at's
w here m o s t o f the m o n e y goes. I d o n 't
t h in k I’ll e ve r be able to a ffo rd o u r o w n
place because the b a n k w o n 't give m e
a m ortgage. A p a r t fr o m the rent, m y
m o n e y goes to fo o d a n d c lo th e s fo r m y
daughter. S t ill, I s h o u ld n ’t c o m p la in . I
have a n a m a z in g da ughter, a n d th at's
a ll th a t re a lly m atters.
Speaker 3 : I t h in k I'm re a lly lucky.
I ’m p re tty h e a lth y fo r m y age, l have
e n o u g h m o n e y to liv e o n, a n d I have m y
c h ild r e n a n d g ra n d c h ild re n ! W h e n I
say I have e n o u g h m oney, I d o n 't go o n
an y fa n cy v a c a tio n s o r a n y th in g lik e
that. B u t I'm c o m fo rta b le . I’ve p a id the
m o rtg a g e , so th a t’s o ne less expense,
69
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an d l d o n 't have a n y lo a n s to pay either.
M y o ne litt le lu x u r y is g o in g o u t fo r
lu n c h a fe w tim e s a w ee k w it h som e
frie n d s . I guess th a t’s w h e re m o s t o f m y
m o n e y goes - o n fo o d !
S p e a k e r 4 : C a n w e live o n o u r salaries?
W e ll, I'm n o t so sure, ac tu a lly ! M y
husband is a teacher, so he doesn 't earn
th at m uch - d e fin ite ly n o t enough to
raise tw o c h ild re n ! T h a t m eans I have
to w o rk , to o - 1 have a fu ll-tim e job at
the lo c a l su p e rm arke t. A n d really, that's
o u r biggest problem , because w e need
som eone to take care o f the ch ild re n .
O u r ba bysitte r co sts a fo rtu n e - w e spend
m o re o n c h ild care th a n w e d o o n o u r
m ortgage! T h e n there's fo o d and new
clo th es fo r the c h ild re n , too. H o n e stly , it
is n 't cheap h a v in g k id s these days!
2 B)))
H ost A n d n o w to e n d the sh o w w it h an
in s p ir a tio n a l story, w e have Jo h n to te ll
u s a b o u t an in c re d ib le trip .
John Y es, th a n k y o u , N o ra . H a v e y o u
ever th o u g h t a b o u t tra v e lin g a ro u n d
the w o r ld a n d tr y in g to h e lp p e o p le as
y o u go? W e ll th a t's w h a t a n A m e r ic a n
fa th e r an d h is tw o ad o p te d s o n s are
c u rre n tly d o in g . j.D . L e w is is a sin g le
p a re n t an d a fo r m e r actor. H e ’s taken
h is so ns, Jackson, age 14 an d B u ck,
age 9, o u t o f s c h o o l fo r a ye a r to m ake
the t r ip w it h h im . A n d th e ir p la n is to
h e lp p e o p le a lo n g the w a y b y d o in g
v o lu n te e r c h a r ity w o rk .
H ost T h a t so u n d s w o n d e rfu l, b u t it
m u st be an e xp e n siv e trip . H o w m u ch
w ill it a ll co st?
John It's g o in g to c o st th e m $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0
d o lla r s in total.
H ost T h a t's a lo t o f m oney. H o w d id
they a ffo rd it?
John W e ll, J.D L e w is d id n 't have a ll the
m oney, s o he se t u p a n o rg a n iz a tio n
c a lle d T w e lve in T w e lve to h e lp raise
m oney, an d w it h the h e lp o f in d iv id u a ls
an d so m e co m p a n ie s , th e y m anaged to
ra ise the m oney.
H ost T w e lve in T w e lve - th a t's an
u n u s u a l nam e. W h y d id he c a ll it th at?
John F o r a v e ry g o o d reason. N o t
o n ly is th e ir t r ip g o in g to la st tw elve
m o n th s, b u t th e ir p la n is to v is it tw elve
c o u n trie s . T h is m o n th , th e y 're in
A u s tr a lia , w here th e y 're w o r k in g w ith
the m o s t im p o rta n t e th n ic g ro u p in
the re g io n - th e A b o r ig in e s . J .D an d
h is fa m ily are h e lp in g to get m e d ica l
su p p lie s to these pe o p le, w h o o fte n liv e
a lo n g w ay f r o m the m a jo r c itie s.
70
H o st A n d is th a t the f ir s t place they've
v isite d ?
John O h , no . S o fa r th e y ’ve v is ite d
seven c o u n trie s . T h e ir f ir s t sto p w as
R u ss ia , w h e re th e y to o k care o f ba b ies
in an o rp h a n a g e in the c ity o f T o m sk .
F r o m there, th e y tra ve le d to C h in a ,
w h e re th ey w o rk e d w ith c h ild r e n w ith
p h y s ic a l d is a b ilit ie s in B e ijin g . T h e n ,
th e y fle w to T h a ila n d w here they
h e lp e d ta ke ca re o f the a n im a ls at the
E le p h a n t N a tu re P a rk.
H ost W h a t a v a rie ty o f places. W h e re
d id th e y go ne xt?
John T h e ir n e xt sto p w as In dia, w here
they w o rk e d w ith c h ild re n in the p o o re st
d is tr ic t o f the c ity o f H u b li. T h e n they
left A s ia and fle w to A fr ic a . In R w a n d a,
they ta u g h t E n g lis h to c h ild re n w h o had
lo s t th e ir parents in the c iv il w ar. F ro m
there, they w en t to Z a n z ib a r, an isla n d
o f f the co a st o f T a n za n ia .
H ost T h a t so u n d s v e ry e xo tic! W h a t d id
th e y d o there?
John T h e y h e lp ed f a m ilie s p re p are an
a r t fa ir, w h e re th ey c o u ld se ll th in g s
th at th e y had m ade. N e x t, they w en t to
K e n y a , w here they w ro te a n d acted in a
play w it h c h ild r e n w h o have H IV .
H ost W ow', I b e t th a t w as very
re w a rd in g . D id th e y go a n y w h e re else
in A fr ic a ?
John N o , th a t w as the end o f A fr ic a .
F ro m K e n ya, th e y fle w to A u s tra lia ,
w h ic h is w'here th e y are r ig h t now.
H ost A l l th a t so u n d s a m a z in g , b u t th e ir
t r ip is n ’t over, is it?
John N o , J.D . an d h is fa m ily s t ill have
fo u r places to go: A n ta rc tic a , Paraguay,
Peru, an d H a iti. N o t o n ly are they try in g
to d o th in g s to help o th e r people, bu t
they are h o p in g to le arn a lo t o f new
th in g s them selves. A n d J.D . L e w is hopes
th at the T w elve in T w elve o rg a n iz a tio n
w ill encourage o th e r fa m ilie s to d o w hat
he h a s done w ith h is sons.
H ost W e ll, g o o d lu c k to J.D . L e w is and
h is f a m ily o n the rest o f th e ir in c re d ib le
trip . A n d th a t’s a ll w e have tim e fo r
to n ig h t, jo in u s a g a in to m o rro w ' w h e n
w e ’l l be b r in g in g y o u m o re re a l-life
storie s.
3 A)))
S p e a k e r 1: O n e m o r n in g la s t w in te r, I
w as d r iv in g to w o rk la te w h e n m y c e ll
ph o n e rang. I k n e w it w as m y boss,
so I a n sw e re d it. S u d d e n ly , the van
in fr o n t o f m e sto p p e d because there
wras so m e o n e c ro s s in g the road. I w as
t a lk in g to m y boss, s o I reacted to o late,
a n d m y c a r w e n t in to the b a ck o f the
van. L u c k ily , I w as d r iv in g re a lly s lo w ly
at th e tim e , s o I d id n 't d o m u ch dam age
to th e van , b u t the fr o n t o f m y c a r w as
a re a l m ess. S in c e then, I n e ve r use m y
p h o n e w h e n I'm d riv in g .
S p e a k e r 2 : I w as d r iv in g to C o lo r a d o
o ne s u m m e r to v is it m y pa re n ts, w h o
liv e in D e n v e r. It’s a lo n g trip , so I
had ta ke n m y M P 3 p la y e r w it h m e to
c o n n e c t to the c a r ra d io . S u rp ris in g ly ,
th ere w a sn 't m u c h t r a ffic o n the
freew ay, so I a rriv e d in D e n v e r p re tty
q u ic k ly . H o w e v e r, I w a s h a v in g su ch a
g o o d tim e lis te n in g to m y m u sic, th a t I
c o m p le te ly m is se d th e e x its fo r D e n ve r.
I d id n 't re a liz e u n t il I h a d gone a n o th e r
2 0 m ile s , so I had to t u r n a ro u n d an d
d riv e a ll the w a y b a c k ag ain! It ju st goes
to sh o w w h a t ca n ha p p e n w h e n y o u
a re n 't co n c e n tra tin g .
S p e a k e r 3 : W e w ere o n v a ca tio n la st
year, w h e n w e had a litt le accid e n t.
W e w ere g o in g so m e w h e re w e'd never
be e n b e fo re , so w e w ere f o llo w in g the
in s tr u c tio n s o n m y G P S . W e he a rd
o n the ra d io th a t th ere'd b e e n a b ig
a c cid e n t o n o ne o f the ro a d s \ve needed
to tra v e l o n, so I sta rte d a d ju s tin g m y
G P S to fin d a d iffe re n t ro a d to take. I
to o k m y eyes o f f the ro a d a n d su d d e n ly
we cam e to a sh a rp t u r n in the ro ad . I
saw the t u r n to o late, so I w e n t stra ig h t
ahead an d d ro v e in to the m id d le o f a
fie ld . W e w ere re a lly lu cky, th o u g h ,
because n o one w as h u rt.
S p e a k e r 4 : I d o n 't u s u a lly get u p e a rly
e n o u g h to p u t m y m a ke u p o n , so I
u s u a lly p u t it o n in m y car. W e ll, I used
to p u t it o n in the c a r - n o w I w a it u n til
I get to m y o ffic e . T h a t ’s because I had
k in d o f a sh o ck the o th e r w eek, w h e n 1
a lm o s t d id n ’t sto p at a c ro s s w a lk . I w as
lo o k in g in the m ir r o r in ste ad o f at the
ro ad , so I d id n 't see th is litt le b o y ru n
o u t— to te ll y o u the tru th , I h a d n 't even
seen th a t th ere w as a c r o s s w a lk there. I
ju st had tim e to step o n the b ra ke s an d I
m isse d th e litt le b o y b y a b o u t an in c h . I
w as re a lly sh o ck e d a fte rw a rd , th o u g h .
S p e a k e r 5 : I w as d r iv in g in to to w n to
m eet m y g ir lfr ie n d f o r d in n e r w h e n
she sent m e a te xt m essage. I d e cid e d
to read it, in case it w as im p o rta n t.
A n y w a y , the m essage sa id th a t m y
g ir lfr ie n d w as a lre a d y at the re sta u ran t,
an d I w a n te d h e r to k n o w th at I w as
g o in g to be a litt le late, so w h e n I
sto p p e d at a red lig h t, 1 sta rte d to w rite
a reply. B u t I d id n 't n o tic e w h e n the
t r a ffic lig h t tu rn e d green, a n d the c a r
b e h in d c ra sh e d in to the b a c k o f m e.
languagedownload.ir
T h e d r iv e r o f th e c a r sa id he th o u g h t I
w'as g o in g to s ta r t d r iv in g , so he m o ved
fo r w a r d a n d h it m e. O f c o u rs e I d id n 't
te ll h im I w as te xtin g .
3 B)»
H o st T r a d itio n a lly in the U S , w o m e n
have c o o k e d m o re th a n m en, b u t
it lo o k s as th o u g h th in g s m ig h t be
ch a n g in g . A c c o r d in g to a re cen t su rve y
by a fro z e n fo o d s com pany, a lm o s t h a lf
o f a ll m e n in th is c o u n try n o w prepare
the fa m ily m eals. A n d they aren't ju st
d o in g it because they have to - it ’s
beca u se th ey enjoy it. T h e su rve y
sh o w e d th a t 4 4 p e rce n t o f m e n w h o
w ere q u e stio n e d d o a ll o f the c o o k in g ,
an d s u r p r is in g ly , 15 p e rc e n t o f w o m e n
q u e stio n e d sa id th a t they d id n 't k n o w
how to c o o k . S o it se e m s as i f m e n are
m o v in g in t o the k itc h e n , an d m aybe
w o m e n are m o v in g out. Is th is good
ne w s? W h a t d o y o u t h in k ? C a ll us
at 1 -8 0 0 -5 5 5 -3 3 6 4 an d te ll u s y o u r
o p in io n . I 'll g ive y o u th a t n u m b e r
a g a in - t h a t 's 1 -8 0 0 -5 5 5 -3 3 6 4 .
A n d here's o u r f ir s t c a lle r, N ic k fro m
S a n D e ig o , C a lif o r n ia . N ic k , w h a t d o
y o u t h in k a b o u t th is n e w trend ?
N ic k
I'm p re tty e xcite d to see m o re
m e n in th e k itc h e n . In fact, I’m o n e o f
th em ! I lo s t m y jo b a fe w m o n th s ago,
an d n o w I d o a ll the c o o k in g at hom e.
I m a ke a d iffe re n t d ish e ve ry day, and
s o m e tim e s I m eet u p w it h m y frie n d s
to exchang e re cip e s. M y g ir lfr ie n d
says she re a lly lik e s m y fo o d , an d
she even t h in k s th a t I s h o u ld t r a in to
be a p ro fe s s io n a l c h e f I’m s e rio u s ly
t h in k in g a b o u t d o in g that.
H ost W e ll, g o o d lu c k to you , N ic k .
W h o 's o u r n e xt c a lle r? A h , yes ... It’s
E v e fr o m S ea ttle , W a s h in g to n . D o y o u
c o o k , E ve?
E v e N o , I d o n 't. B u t m y h u sb a n d does.
H e 's a m u c h b e tte r c o o k th a n I am , so
w e d e cid e d fr o m the b e g in n in g th a t he
w 'ould do a ll the c o o k in g . A n d he m akes
som e g re a t m e a ls - m o s tly c u rrie s . B u t
th e re ’s o ne pro b lem .
H ost W h a t ’s that, E v e?
E v e H e m a ke s a te rrib le m ess in the
k itc h e n , a n d I have to cle a n u p a fte r
h im . I d o n ’t know ' w h a t’s w orse,
a c tu a lly , c o o k in g m y s e lf o r c le a n in g the
k itch e n !
H ost O h , c o m e o n E v e - i t c a n ’t be th at
bad! N o w I t h in k w e have so m e o n e o n
lin e 2. Y es, i t ’s F r a n k fr o m H a rtfo rd .
W h a t d o y o u t h in k a b o u t m e n ta k in g
o v e r the k itc h e n , F ra n k ?
Frank W e ll, I’m n o t s u rp ris e d , to be
h o n e s t w it h you . It seem s to m e that
g ir ls are g e ttin g la z ie r an d la z ie r these
days - i t ’s o n ly the o ld e r m o m s and
g ra n d m o th e rs w h o k n o w h o w to co o k.
I m ean, h o w ca n a w o m a n get m a rrie d
i f she c a n ’t co o k?! I t h in k it ’s a disgrace!
H o st T h a n k you , F ra n k . S o , n o t a ll o f
o u r lis te n e rs t h in k i t ’s a g o o d th in g .
H o w a b o u t o u r n e x t ca lle r, M a r tin a ,
c a llin g fr o m S o u th F lo r id a ? Is it good
n e w s o r bad n e w s fo r you , M a r tin a ?
M artina G o o d new s. D e fin ite ly . In
m y house, 1 d o a ll the c o o k in g . M y
b o y frie n d d o e sn ’t c o o k at a ll - he c a n ’t
even f r y an egg! I m ean, w e b o th w o rk
f u ll tim e , so w h y ca n ’t w e sh are the
c o o k in g ? I’m re a lly fe d u p w ith it, I
re a lly am . B u t I’m re a lly h a p p y f o r a ll
th o se w o m e n o u t th ere w h o have fo u n d
a re a l m an. I know ' h o w y o u fe e l w h e n
y o u have to d o e v e ry th in g y o u r s e lf
H o st L e t ’s h o p e M a r t in a ’s b o y frie n d
is lis te n in g , so th a t he k n o w s h o w she
feels. W e ’l l ta ke so m e m o re c a lls a fte r
th e break.
4 A)))
Speaker 1: I s u ffe r fro m a sth m a an d
I u s u a lly c a rr y a n in h a le r a ro u n d
w ith m e ju st in case I get an attack.
A n y w a y , I w a s o n a w o r k t r ip - 1 w as
in P a r is - 1 h a d fo rg o tte n m y in h a le r,
a n d I w'as h a v in g p ro b le m s b re a th in g .
S o I w e n t to a p h a rm a c y an d asked fo r
“u n a s p ira te u r,” w h ic h I th o u g h t w as
the F re n c h w o rd fo r in h a le r. I re a liz e d
it w a sn 't w h e n the g ir ls b e h in d the
c o u n te r lo o k e d v e ry c o n fu se d . It tu rn e d
o u t th at I had asked fo r a v a cu u m
cle an e r, “a s p ira te u r,” in ste a d o f an
in h a le r, “ in h a la te u r.”
Speaker 2 : I w as in Is ta n b u l w it h a
T u r k is h frie n d o f m in e , a n d w e d e cid e d
th at w e w a n te d to b u y so m e bread. I
w an ted to try o u t the T u r k is h I knew ,
so I sa id th a t I w o u ld ask fo r it. S o w e
fo u n d th is t in y litt le store a n d w e w en t
in . I sa id to the sa le sp e rso n in m y best
v o ice “ ta ze e rk e k ” w h ic h I th o u g h t
m e a n t “fre s h b re a d .” U n fo rtu n a te ly ,
1 g o t the w o rd fo r bre a d “ e k m e k ”
c o n fu s e d w it h the w o rd fo r m a n
“e rke k ,” s o w h a t I h a d a c tu a lly asked
fo r w as “ a fre s h y o u n g m a n .” L u c k ily ,
m y fr ie n d cam e to m y rescue an d asked
fo r the bre a d c o rre c tly , b u t I fe lt a litt le
e m b a rrasse d !
Speaker 3 : I w a s 14, a n d I w a s o n
an e xchang e v is it w it h m y s c h o o l in
M a d r id . It w as the f ir s t n ig h t, a n d 1 w as
at h o m e w it h m y S p a n is h h o st fa m ily ,
the G a rc ia s , h a v in g d in n e r. W e'd
fin is h e d the m a in co u rse an d it w as
tim e fo r dessert, so the w ife , M a r ia ,
asked m e i f I'd lik e som e fr u it. I saw'
so m e b a n a n a s in the f r u it b o w l, so I
asked f o r a “ p la td n ,” at w h ic h p o in t the
w h o le fa m ily lo o k e d at m e strang ely.
T h e y th e n e x p la in e d to m e th a t I ’d
a c tu a lly asked fo r a large plate. “ P la to n ”
m e a n s “ la rg e p la te ” w h e rea s “b a n a n a ”
is “ p la ta n o .”
Speaker 4 : 1 w as in R io D e Ja n e iro in
B r a z il w it h m y h u sb a n d , an d it w as a
v e ry h o t day, so w e d e cid e d to take a
b re a k fro m o u r sig h tse ein g . W e fo u n d
a stre e t v e n d o r s e llin g c o ld d r in k s
an d sn a ck s n e a r the beach. I w as so
h o t a n d tir e d th a t I q u ic k ly o rd e re d
w h a t I th o u g h t w as ice cre a m . 1 sa id
“ u m a c o s q u in h a p o r fa vo r.” A s so o n
as I ’d fin is h e d s p e a k in g , the street
v e n d o r b u rs t o u t la u g h in g . H e q u ic k ly
a p o lo g iz e d a n d e x p la in e d in E n g lis h
th a t I ’d asked h im f o r a tic k le and
n o t ice cre am . T ic k le in P o rtu g u e se
is “c o s q u in h a ” a n d ice c re a m is
“ca s q u in h a .”
Speaker 5 : I ’m an A m e r ic a n liv in g in
K o re a . U s u a lly , I ca n c o m m u n ic a te
p re tty w e ll in K o re a n . I sp e ak K o re a n
w it h m y w ife e ve ry day, a n d 1 have a
tu to r th a t I m eet w ith e ve ry w ee k to
p ra c tic e m y c o n v e rs a tio n s k ills . So,
o ne d ay I w e n t to the store to b u y a few
th in g s . 1 u s u a lly take m y y o u n g son
w it h m e, b u t he w a sn 't w it h m e th is
p a r tic u la r day. W h e n the sa le sp e rso n
asked m e a b o u t m y so n, m y an sw e r
c o n fu se d h e r because 1 a c c id e n ta lly
sa id “ eh-jeh u h b -su h -y o ,” w h ic h m ean s
“ lie 's dead.” W h a t I m e an t to say w as
“ Y u h - g i u h b -s u h -y o ” w h ic h m ean s
“ he ’s n o t here.”
4 B )|
H ost H e llo a n d w e lc o m e to The
Traveler’s Guide. N o w , la s t w eek we
asked o u r lis te n e rs w h o are g o in g to
tra v e l a b ro a d to send us t h e ir qu e stio n s
a b o u t g o o d m a n n e rs in o th e r c o u n trie s ,
an d w e’ ve in v ite d o u r re sid en t e x p e rt
R u th D e m p s e y to th e sh o w to an sw e r
th em . W e lc o m e to the p ro g ra m , R u th .
R uth T h a n k you.
H ost S o the f ir s t q u e stio n , R u th . T h is
co m e s fr o m K a t y in D e n v e r, w h o is
g o in g to tra ve l a ro u n d T h a ila n d n ext
su m m e r. K a t y w a n ts to k n o w w h a t she
s h o u ld d o w h e n she f ir s t m eets p eo ple
in T h a ila n d .
71
languagedownload.ir
Ruth W e ll, K a ty , m o s t o f the tim e , a
s im p le h a n d sh a k e w i l l be fin e . B u t i f
so m e o n e g ive s y o u a “ w a i”, th a t is a
s m a ll b o w w ith the h a n d s h e ld to ge th e r
clo se to the bo d y, y o u m u st d o the
sam e. B u t, i f the p e rso n is o f lo w e r
s o c ia l statu s th a n y o u , so i f th e y are
y o u n g e r th a n you , o r they are a w aiter,
fo r e xa m p le , y o u s h o u ld n ’t re tu rn
the “ w a i.”
Host V e ry u s e fu l ad vice , R u th . T h e n e xt
q u e stio n is fr o m M a r k in D a lla s , w h o
is g o in g to B r a z il w it h h is g irlfr ie n d ,
to m eet h e r fa m ily fo r the fir s t tim e.
H e asks: “ Is th ere a n y th in g I s h o u ld o r
s h o u ld n 't d o ? ”
Ruth L ik e A m e ric a n s , B r a z ilia n s
are v e ry w a rm , frie n d ly , a n d o pen.
H o w e v e r, th ere are a fe w d iffe re n c e s
to re m e m b e r. A lw a y s say th a n k y o u
w h e n so m e o n e o p e n s a d o o r fo r you,
o ffe rs y o u s o m e th in g to eat o r d r in k ,
o r even w h e n y o u r g ir lfr ie n d 's m o th e r
d e a r s the p late s fro m the table. It's
v e ry im p o r t a n t to be p o lite . A ls o ,
d o n ’t sp e a k w h e n y o u have fo o d in
y o u r m o u th . B r a z ilia n s f in d th is
in c re d ib ly rude.
Host T h a t s o u n d s lik e g o o d a d v ice fo r
y o u , M a r k . O K , o u r n e x t q u e stio n is
fr o m Ju lie in O k la h o m a C ity . S h e ’s
g o in g to G re e c e o n v a ca tio n , b u t
d o e sn 't sp e ak the langu ag e. She asks:
“ S in c e I d o n ’t sp e ak a n y G re e k , I ’l l be
c o m m u n ic a tin g m o s tly w ith m y hand s.
A r e th e re a n y gestures I s h o u ld n ’t use?'
Ruth A b s o lu te ly , Ju lie . T h e m o st
im p o rta n t o ne to re m e m b e r is the
“ th u m b s up,” w h ic h in the U S m ean s
“g o o d ” o r “ O K . ” B u t it is very in s u ltin g
to a G r e e k p e rso n . A n o th e r o ne is the
U S h a n d g e stu re f o r “sto p ,” w h e re you
sh o w so m e o n e y o u r h a n d w it h y o u r
fin g e rs s tra ig h t togeth er, lik e a p o lic e
o ffic e r. B u t a g a in th is is an in s u lt in
G re e ce .
Host G o o d lu c k , Ju lie . A n d w e have
tim e f o r o ne m o re, a n d th is q u e stio n is
fr o m K e n d r a in C h ic a g o . S h e's g o in g to
S o u th K o re a fo r w o rk , a n d she w o u ld
lik e so m e tip s o n b u sin e s s b e h a v io r
o v e r there.
Ruth T h e m o st im p o rta n t th in g to
re m e m b e r is th a t S o u th K o re a n s lik e
to b o w a lo t. A s a fo re ig n e r, y o u w o n 't
be e xp e cte d to, b u t it is a g o o d w ay o f
s h o w in g re sp e ct, an d the d e e p e r you
b o w , the h a p p ie r y o u are.
Host V e ry in te re stin g . R u th D e m p se y ,
th a n k y o u fo r jo in in g us.
72
Ruth M y pleasu re.
Host A n d w e 'll be r ig h t b a ck a fte r a
cheek o f the h e a d lin e s.
5 A)))
Host W e lc o m e b a ck to the show . W e ’ve
been t a lk in g a b o u t fa m o u s sp o rts
ch e a te rs o n to d a y 's p ro g ra m , an d n o w
w e’re g o in g to h e a r a b o u t a n o th e r
sca n d a l. T h e s p o rt w as b a d m in to n ,
a n d the venue w as the 2 0 1 2 O ly m p ic
G a m e s in L o n d o n . T o m is here to te ll us
a b o u t it. H i, T o m .
Tom H e llo , everybody.
Host S o w h o w as in v o lv e d in the
sca n d a l, T o m ?
Tom W e ll, th e sca n d a l in v o lv e d fo u r
o f the te a m s in the w o m e n ’s do u b le s
c o m p e titio n . In to ta l, e ig h t p laye rs w ere
d is q u a lifie d fo r ch e a tin g : tw o p a irs
fr o m S o u th K o re a , a p a ir fr o m C h in a ,
a n d a p a ir fr o m Indonesia.
Host A n d w h a t e x a ctly h appened?
Tom W e ll, b a s ic a lly the team s played
b a d ly o n p u rp o s e to m ake su re th e y lo s t
t h e ir m atches.
Host W h y w o u ld th e y d o th at?
Tom W e ll, to e x p la in th a t I’ l l v ery
q u ic k ly te ll y o u a b o u t h o w the
c o m p e titio n w o rk s. T h e m a tch e s are
d iv id e d in to d iffe re n t stages. T e am s
play a g a in st o th e r team s in th e ir g ro u p
in the f ir s t stage, a n d i f they w in , they
play in the n e xt stage. S o so m e tim e s, a
team m ig h t get a g o o d o p p o n e n t very
e a rly in the c o m p e titio n , w h ic h m e a n s it
m ig h t n o t get th ro u g h to the n e x t stage.
Host G o t it. S o w h e n d id the c h e a tin g
h app en?
Tom W e ll, the p ro b le m sta rte d on
th e la st day o f the f ir s t stage. In the
m o r n in g , th e f ir s t C h in e s e team w on
its m a tch , f in is h in g se co n d in its group.
T h e se co n d C h in e s e team w as g o in g to
play a g a in st a S o u th K o re a n team that
e ve n in g , an d w h ic h e v e r team w o n that
m a tch w o u ld m o s t lik e ly p lay a g ain st
the f ir s t C h in e s e team in th e n e x t stage.
H ost W h y w'as th is a p ro b le m ?
Tom N e ith e r team w a n te d to play
a g a in st th e f ir s t C h in e s e team because
th e S o u th K o re a n team w as su re it
w o u ld lose, a n d the se co n d C h in e s e
te a m d id n ’t w a n t to p lay a g a in st a team
fro m the sam e c o u n tr y yet, because
th a t w o u ld m e a n th a t o n ly one C h in e s e
team w as le ft to t r y to w in a m edal. So
b o th te a m s trie d to lo se a g a in st each
o th e r in stead .
Host H o w d id th e y d o th at?
Tom W e ll, b o th the S o u th K o re a n s
an d the se co n d C h in e s e te a m starte d
m is s in g sh ots. W h e n th e y served , they
e ith e r h it the s h u ttle c o c k in to the n e t o r
they h it it so h a rd th a t it w e n t o u tsid e
the lin e s o n th e c o u rt. In the end, they
lo o k e d lik e am ate u rs, w h e n in fact, they
w ere so m e o f th e b e st p laye rs in the
w o rld .
Host S o w'ho lo s t the m a tch ?
Tom T h e se co n d C h in e s e team . S o u th
K o re a b eat th e m in b o th sets.
H ost W h a t a b o u t the o th e r tw o team s?
Tom W e ll, they trie d to d o e x a ctly the
sam e t h in g in the n e xt m atch.
Host W h ic h team s w ere these a g ain ?
Tom In d o n e sia an d a n o th e r S o u th
K o re a n pair.
Host S o in b o th m atches, the team s
trie d to lo se in ste a d o f t r y in g to w in so
th e y ’d have a b e tte r ch a n ce o f w in n in g
a m e da l. Is th a t rig h t?
Tom Yes. T h a t ’s e x a c tly w h a t happened.
A n d it w as re a lly o b v io u s , to o - a ll the
sp e c ta to rs sta rte d b o o in g , it w a s so
bad. A f t e r the se co n d m a tch , th ere w as
an in v e s tig a tio n a n d a ll e ig h t p laye rs
w ere d is q u a lifie d .
Host A n d w h a t a b o u t the c o m p e titio n ?
D id it sto p there?
Tom N o , it c o n tin u e d w ith o u t the
d is q u a lifie d players.
H ost A n d w h o w o n the g o ld m e d a l in
the end?
Tom T h e f ir s t C h in e s e team . T h e y
b eat the Japanese team in b o th sets.
A c tu a lly , it w as a v e ry g o o d m atch!
Host T o m , th a n k s fo r jo in in g us.
Tom M y pleasure.
5 B)))
Host H e llo , an d w e lco m e to the show .
N o w , a lo t o f re se a rch h a s been done
re ce n tly a b o u t love, w h a t causes it, an d
w h a t w e d o to a ttra c t so m eo ne. M a r y
is in the s tu d io w ith us today, an d sh e ’s
g o in g to e x p la in the re s u lts o f so m e o f
these s tu d ie s to us. M a r y , w e lc o m e to
the show .
Mary H e llo .
Host L e t ’s s ta r t w ith h o w to m eet new
p e o p le. S o m e p e o p le lik e to s ta rt a
c o n v e rs a tio n w it h a p e rso n th e y lik e
b y s a y in g s o m e th in g fu n n y . B u t h o w
u s e fu l is th is?
Mary N o t v e ry u s e fu l at a ll I’m a fra id ,
Jerem y. R e s e a rch sh o w s th a t o n ly 7%
o f a ttr a c tio n ha s a n y th in g to d o w ith
w h a t y o u say. I t’s the to n e a n d th e speed
o f y o u r v o ice th a t m a ke a d iffe re n ce .
T h is m a k e s u p 38% o f the a ttra c tio n .
languagedownload.ir
B u t the m o s t im p o rta n t th in g o f a ll is
b o d y language. T h is c o n trib u te s to a
m assive 55% o f th e a ttra c tio n .
Host S o w h a t can w e do to im p ro v e o u r
b o d y langu age?
Mary W e ll, it seem s th at the b e st w'ay
to m a ke the p e rso n y o u ’re t a lk in g to
fe e l a ttra c te d to y o u is to lo o k in to th e ir
eves. A n A m e r ic a n p s y c h o lo g is t d id
an e x p e rim e n t a b o u t th is in N e w Y o rk .
H e g o t co m p le te stra n g e rs to stare
in to each o th e r's eyes fo r tw o m in u te s
w ith o u t ta lk in g . A fte rw 'a rd , m a n y o f
the c o u p le s sa id th a t they h a d stro n g
fe e lin g s o f a ttr a c tio n to each other, and
o ne o f the co u p le s even g o t m a rrie d !
Host R e a lly ? T h e n s ta rin g m u st be the
th in g to do! Is th ere an y m o re a d v ice o n
b o d y langu age?
Mary W e ll, i t ’s im p o rta n t to have a
re laxe d b o d y p o s itio n . Y o u need to
sh o w the o th e r p e rso n th a t y o u 're
c o m fo rta b le b e in g w ith th em . A ls o ,
tr y n o t to b e fa r aw ay fr o m them .
O f co u rse , th ere is a c o m fo rta b le
d ista n ce , b u t tr y le a n in g a litt le c lo se r
to th e m th a n u su a l, it w ill sh o w y o u 're
in tere sted , an d h o ld t h e ir a tte n tio n
better. D o n ’t fo rg e t to w a tc h th e ir b o d y
language, too. I f they p o s itio n th e ir
b o d y in a s im ila r w a y to you , it m ean s
th e y fin d y o u in te re stin g , too. T h is is
c a lle d m ir r o r in g .
H ost Is th ere a n y th in g th a t seem s
to w o r k w e ll w h e n y o u 're t a lk in g to
so m e o n e y o u 're a ttra c te d to?
Mary N o t s u rp ris in g ly , it se e m s th at
y o u 'll have a b e tte r ch a n ce i f y o u sm ile .
A n y o n e w h o 's e ve r sp o k e n to so m e o n e
o n the p h o n e w i l l te ll y o u th a t it's easy
to te ll w h e n the o th e r p e rso n is s m ilin g ,
because y o u ca n h e a r it in t h e ir voice.
W h e n t a lk in g to a p o te n tia l p a rtn e r,
a s m ile w ill n o t o n ly a ffe c t y o u r tone
o f voice, k e e p in g it lig h t an d fu n , but
it w ill a lso sh o w the o th e r p e rso n th at
y o u are h a p p y to be w it h them . A n d
d o n 't fo rg e t th a t a s m ile is e x tre m e ly
co n ta g io u s, a n d b e fo re lo n g the o th e r
p e rso n w i l l be s m ilin g b a c k at y o u . T h is
w ill m a ke th e m feel h a p p ie r, a fe e lin g
th a t th e y w ill q u ic k ly c o n n e c t w it h you.
Host H o w in te re stin g , an d v ery true!
U n fo rtu n a te ly , th a t’s a ll w e have tim e
fo r now , M a r y , b u t th a n k y o u so m u ch
fo r jo in in g us.
Mary Y o u ’re w elcom e .
73
languagedownload.ir
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p.8 Extract from "He claims we used to play Cowboys and Indians,
ɪ recall him Hying to suffocate m e" by Tim Lott. The Times,
November 20,2010, Reproduced by permission o f NI Syndication.
p.8 Extract from "The seven ages o f an only child" by Joanna
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Skelton begins epic Amazon kayaldng adventure" by Cassandra
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(bird) John Cancalosi/Getty Images, (butterfly) Stockbyte/Getty
Images; pg.21 (mosquito) Redmond Durrell/Alamy, (kayak) BBC.
(dolphin) Kevin Schafer/Corbis, (fish) boiyak/istockphoto; pg.23
(Goodwill) Goodwill Industries International; pg.24 (Miami) Murat
■fiuier/Getty Images, (bkgd) Maciej Noskowski/Getty Images; pg.25
(Lotus) Nick Greening/Alaniy, (Foust) Bo Bridges/Corbis. (seaplane)
Jad Davenport/National Geographic Sodety/Corbis, (Wood) Frederick
M. Brown/Getty Images. (Ferrera) Andres Otero/WENN/Newscom,
(boat) OUP/Amana Images Inc.; pg.26 Don Mason/Blend Images/
Corbis; pg.27 Belinda Images/SuperStock; pg.29 (men) Tim Klein/
Getty Images, (women) Westend61/Superstock; pg.30 (camo)
CollinsChin/istockphoto.coni; pg.36 Michael Cogliantry/Getty
Images; pg.37 (1) Carlo A/Getty Images, (2) Lilly Roadstones/Getty
Images, (3) miya227/shutterstock, (4) Brtiderchen & Schwesterchen
GmbH/Corbis, (5) Tara Moore/Getty Images. (6) Radius Images/Getty
Images, (Alex) OUP; pg.38 (old phone) Ninette Maumus/Alamy; pg.39
John Lund/Paula Zacharias/Blend Images/Corbis; pg.40 (left) Murray
Sanders/SWNS.com, (right) James Dadzitis/SWNS.com; pg.43
(conductor) Charles Eshelnian/FilmMagjc/Getty Images, (bikes)
Steven Gieaves/Corbis; pg.44 (1) Richard Drury/Getty Images, (2)
Carlos Caetano/shutterstock, (3) David Madison/Getty Images, (4)
Kathy Quirk-Syverlsen/Gctty Images, (5) Moe Kafer Cutouts/Alaniy,
(6) Urban Zone/Alaray, (7) Ray Moller /Getty Images, (8) Corbis Flint/
Alamy, (9) Sami Sarkis/Getty Images. (10) Richard Watkins/Alamy;
pg.45 (Crosby) Peter Diana/ZUMA Press/Corbis, (Teny) Albert Pena/
Icon SMI/Corbis. (Toure) Adrian Dennis/AFP/Gctty Images, (Wurz)
Rick Dole/getty Images, (player) Simon Bruty/Sports Illustrated/Getty
Images, (lines) Marc Debnam/Getty Images, (tall) OUP/Photodise,
pg.46 (referee) Graham Chadwick/Allsport/Getty Images, (marathon)
David Madison/Getty Images, (soccer) Bob Thomas/Getty Images;
pg.48 (toll) Shannon DeCelle, (couple) Stephen Lance Dennee; pg.54
(casue) Dov Makabaw/Alamy, (alley) Oleg Korshakov/Getty Images;
pg.55 (Highclere Casue) Jeff Gilbert /Alamy. (Casa Lomo) Angelo
Cavalli/Superstock; pg.56 (War Horse) Dreamworks SKG/rhe Kobal
Collection, (Indian Jones) Lucasfilm Ud/Paramountyrhe Kobal
Collection, (FI) Universal/rhe Kobal Collection. (Minority Report)
20th Century Fox/Dreamworks/The Kobal Collection, (Catch Me If
You Can) Dreamworks/The Kobal Collection/Cooper, Andrew; pg.57
Courtesy o f Dagmara Walkowicz; pg.58 (Martin) PhotoAlto/Alamy,
(Phone) Cyberstock/Alamy, (Annabel) Mark Robcits/Getty Images,
(Semi) Paper Boat Creative/Getty Images, (Sarah) Guido Mieth/Getty
Images; pg.60 (Brand) V Labissierc/Splash News/Corbis, (ɪ) Rex
Features, (2) Suzanne Krciter/The Boston Globe via Getty Images, (3)
Allen J. Schaben/AFP/Getty Images; pg.61 (before) Charlie Gray/
Contour by Getty Images, (after) Ken McKay/Rex; pg.63 (theater) Bob
O'Connor/Gctty Images. (Kong) AF archive/Alamy; pg.65 Shed-Media;
pg,66 (envelope) Mark Bassett/Alamy, (music) Erin Patrice O'Brien;
pg.68 (kitchen) Carolyn Barber/Getty Images; pg.69 (Vivienne) Tetra
Images/Corbis, (Mauro) Tim Kitchen/Getty Images, (Andrea) Echo/
Getty Images. (Carlos| Burketlirolo Productions/Getty Images, (living
room) David Papazian/Gctty Images, (kitchen) Kim Sayer/Getty
Images, (bedroom) Ryan McVay/Getty Images; pg.70 RIA Novosti/
Alamy; pg.71 Radius Images/Corbis; pg.74 Devon Anne/Shutlerstock;
pg.75 (dress) IvorToms/Alainy; pg.79 (blood pressure) Ragnar
Schmuck/Corbis, (bugs) Michael Freeman/Corbis, (meeting) OUP/zefa
RF. (microscope) OUP/Deco; pg.80 (Corcoran) AP Photofleff
Christensen, (burger) CBS Foods, (John) Frederick M. Brown/Getty
Images, (Cuban) Richard DuCrce/USA Network/NBCU Photo Bank via
Getty Images, (sharks) abrakadabra/shutterstock, (Perry) Perry's
Music, LLC2012; pg.81 Jorg Greuel/Getty Images; pg.84 Ekaterina
Nosenko/Getty Images; pg.85 (street) Sven Hagolani/fstop/Corbis,
(bike) Smith Collection/Getty Images, (bike bkgd) Stephen Smith/
Getty Images; pg.86 (Beaues) Popperfoto/Getty Images. |Gatcs| Joe
McNally/Gctty Images; pg.87 Stefan Sollfors/Alamy; pg.94 (Jobs)
Diana Walker/SJ/Contour by Getty Images, (1) Oliver leedhain/Alamy,
(2) Tony Avelar/Bloomberg via Getty Images, (3) Jay L Clendenin/Los
Angeles Times/Contour by Getty Images, |4) Visions o f America/UIG
via Getty Images. (5) Laurent Fievet/AFP/Getty Images; pg.96 (Barbie)
Teenage doll/Alamy, (Love) Charlotte Marie Marshall/Alamy,
(sneakers) Peter Kramer/Bravo/NRCU Photo Bank via Getty Images.
(Chrysler Building) Jorg Hackeniann/Shutterstock.com; pg.97
(soccer) ALLSTAR Picture Libraiy/Alamy, (Ikea) david pearson/Alainy,
(toaster) Niall McDiarmid/Alamy, (rolex) John Henshall/Alamy,
(building) Chris Ryan/Getty linages, (stopwatch) artpartner-images/
Getty Images, (vertigo) Paramount/The Kobal Collection/Bass, Saul,
(Breakfast at Tiffanys) Courtesy Everett Collect ion/Rex; pg.98 (Wood)
Steve Schapiro/Corbis, (splendour) Silver Screen Collection/Getty
Images; pg.99 (Walken) Trinity Mirror/Mirroipix/Alamy, (Wagner)
Phil Roach/Globe Photos/ZUMAPRESS/Newscom, (Davem) Paul
Harris, ParificCoastNews/Newsrom; pg.100 (Green) Popperfoto/Getty
Images, (reader) David Paul Morris/Bloombeig via Getty Images;
pg.103 (Dylan) Popperfoto/Getty Images; pg.104 Steve Stock/Alamy;
I*. 105 Craig Hibert/SWNS.com; pg.106 (Crosby) Peter Diana/ZUMA
Press/Corbis. (Sorvino) Suzanne Krcitcr/i he Boston Globe via Getty
Images, (Rutterschmidt) Allen J. Schaben/AFP/Getty Images, (Toure)
Adrian Dennis/AFP/Gelty Images, (McVey) Rex Features; pg.110
rreiTy) Albert Pena/Icon SMI/Corbis, (feet) Mark Thompson/AUsport/
Getty Images; pg.U 3 (Sofia) Westend61/Corbis, (Angela) OUP/Blend
images; pg.114 Kidstock/Getty Images; pg. 115 (subway) Juan
Antonio/AGE fotostock, (metrocard) Bora/Alamy, (bike) Stan I Ionda/
AFP/Getty Images, (bus) wdstock/istockphoto, (taxi bottom) hanusst/
istockphoto, (taxi top) Songquan Deng/Shutterctock.com; pg.117
Paiamount/The Kobal Collection; pg.118 (Thailand) Viacheslav
Khmelnytskyi/Alamy. (Mexico) John Edward Linden/Arcaid/Corbis;
pg. 119 Creative Crop/Gctty Images; pg.121 (car) CandyBox
Photography/Alamy, (facebook) Erkan Mehmet/Alamy, (bus) Anna
Peisl/Corbis; pg.152 (1) Dave King/Gelty Images, (2) Gastromedia/
Alamy, (3) jo n whitaker/Getty Images, (4) studiomode/Alamy, (5) Food
and Drink Photos/Alamy, (6) Annabelle Breakey/Getty Images; pg. 155
(ɪ top) David Cole/Alaniy. (2 top) Peter Titmuss/Alamy, (3 top)
MkStock/Alamy. (4 top) Greg Balfour Evans/Alamy, (5 top| Dick ReedJ
Corbis. (6 top) Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd/Alamy. (7 top)
Justin Kase ztwoz/Alamy, (8 top) imagebroker/Alamy, (9 top) Bill
Cobb/SupeiStock, (ɪ bottom) Tom And Steve/Getty Images,
(2 bottom) Chris Ryan/Getty Images, (3 bottom) Stellar Slock/
Masterfile, (4 bottom) Ian Dagnall/Alamy, (5 bottom) kickstand/Getty
Images, (6 bottom) Michael Riinkel/Alamy, (7 bottom ) John Nordell/
Getty Images. (8 bottom) Peter Ptschelinzew/Getty Images,
(9 bottom) Tetra Images/Alamy, (10 bottom) AKP Photos/Alamy,
(1 ɪ bottom) StadeStauffSmith Photos/shutterstock, (12 bottom) Bo
Zaunders/Corbis, (13 bottom) Alan Schein/Corbis, (14 bottom) JTB
Media Creation, Inc./Alamy, pg.157 (1) Caro/Alamy, (2 left)
imagebroker/Alamy. (2 right) VisitBritain/Andrew Orchard/Getly
Images, (3) Matthew Ashton/AMA/Corbis. (4) Corbis Super RF/Alamy,
(5)Jonathan Larsen/Diadem Images/Alainy, (6) Mark Davidson/
Alamy, (7) Dmitry Korotayev/Epsilon/Getty Images, (8) Stadium Bank/
Alamy, (9) Scott W. Grau/lcon SMI/Corbis; pg. 159 (1) New Line/rhe
Kobal Collection/Bridges, James, (2) 20th Century Fox(rhe Kobal
Collection, (3, The Help) Dreamworks LLC/rhe Kobal Collection, (4)
Zoetrope/United Artistsfrhe Kobal Collection. (5) W arner Bros/l'he
Kobal Collection/Buitendijk, Jaap, (6) Hammer/The Kobal Collection,
(7.10) Touchstone Pictures/rhe Kobal Collection, (8) W arner Bros/
The Kobal Collection, (9) Lucasfilra/20th Century Fox/rhe Kota!
Collection, (11) Universal/Studio Canal/WorkingTitle/The Kobal
Collection/Sparham, Laurie, (12) Morgan Creek lnlernational/1'he
Kobal Collection/Farmer, J;p g .l6 0 (l| PBWPIX/Alamy, (2) Fancy
Collection/SuperStock. (3) Jenna Woodward Photography/Getty
Images, (4) Ocean/Corbis, (5) D. Hurst/Alamy, (6) Somos/Superstock,
(7) altrendo iniages/Getty Images, (8) Philipp Nemenz/Getty Images.
(9) OUP/Masterfile, (10) W in Initiative/Getty Images, ( I t. 18) OUP/
BananaStock, (12) Karen Spencer/Alamy. (13) Silas Manhood/Alamy,
(14) Lusoimages-Abstract/Alamy, (15) William Radcliffe/Science
Faction/Corbis, (16) PhotoAlto/Alaniy, (17) Aflo Foto Agency/Alamy,
(19) Kris Timkcn/Gcity Images, (20) Juan Silva/Getty linages; pg.161
(UK) keith morris/Alamy. (US) Will & Deni Mclntyre/Corbis; pg.162
(modem) Fotosearch/Getty Images, (rustic) Southern Stock/Getty
Images; pg.163 (crowd) Tomas Abad/Alamy, (beach)John Short/
Design Pics/Corbis.
Commissionedphotography ty: G areth Boden pp.26,27.30 (two dads
in park). 38 (mobile phone) 68.7 5 (Macbook pro. Tiffany heart
necklace). Ryder Haske: pp.12,13,32,33,52,53,72,73,92,93. MM
studios pp.96 (Beatles album, Penguin books), p. 152 (meat, fish and
vegetable groups).
Pronunciation chart artwork by. Ellis Nadler
Ulustrationsby: Peter Bull: pp.20-21,25.116; Mark Duffin: 81; Alex
Green/Folio Art: p t 00- 101; Olivier Lalyk/Good Illustration Ltd:
pp.34.35,90,138.162; Lyndon Hayes/Dutch Uncle: pp. 16,19.30.59.
76-77.80; Astushi Hara/Dutch Uncle: pp.49,79,120,133,134,135,
137,138,142,143,144,145,148,149,150,151,156.158,161.164;
Sophie Joyce: p.47; Jonathan Krause: p.64; Tim Man s: pp.50-51,
88-89; Joe McLaren: pp.4-5,41; M an Smith: pp. 30/31.
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WORKBOOK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors and publisher are grateful to those who have given permission to reproduce the
following extracts and adaptations o f copyright material:
p .l 9 Extract from http://www.rougligiiides.eom/artide/l O-umisual-types-oftransport/.
Copyright ©2013 ROUGH GUIDES LTD. Reproduced by permission o f Rough Guides
Ltd.; p.47 Extract from ‘Why houses w ith history will sell' by Christopher Middleton,
The Telegraph, 20 June 2011.© Telegraph Media Group Limited 2011. Reproduced by
permission; p.51 Extract from 'Ten tips for sate shopping online this Christmas’ by
Stephen Ellis, The Telegraph, 8 December 2008. © Telegraph Media Group Limited
2008. Reproduced by permission; p.57 Extract from ‘Lucky it wasn’t raining! Moment
driver was catapulted through sunroof o f flipping cai\. .and walked away u n h an n ed ’
by Emma Reynolds, The Daily Mail, 10 July 2012. Reproduced by pemrission o f Solo
Syndication: p.61 Extract from ‘W hat to do w hen you spill a drink on your laptop’
by Jack Schofield, The Guardian, 5 July 2012. Copyright Guardian News & Media
Ltd 2012. Reproduced by pem iission; p.64 Extract from 'This m uch I know: Usain
Bolt' by Mark Bailey, The Guardian, I7 ju n e 2012. Copyright Guardian News &
Media Ltd 2012. Reproduced by permission; p.67 Extract from ‘Oxford Bookworms
Library: The Thirty-Nine Steps’ by John Buchan, retold by Nick Bullard, Series
Editor Jennifer Bassett. © Oxford University Press 2007. Reprinted by permission;
p.23 Extract from www.newyorktaxis.org. Reproduced by permission; p.62 Extract
from Slate, © 12 November 2008 Issue, The Slate Group All rights reserved. Used by
pem iission and protected by th e Copyright Laws o f th e United States. The printing,
copying, redistribution, or retransmission o f the Material w ithout express w ritten
pem iission is prohibited; p.36 Extract from 'USA Getting there & around’,
www.lonelyplanet.com. Reproduced w ith pem iission from th e Lonely Planet
website wwwtonelyplanct.com © 2012 Lonely Planet.
Illustrations by: Satoshi Hashimoto/Dutch Uncle: pp.14,57: Anna Hymas/New Division:
p.20; Tim Mans: p.13; Jerome Mireault/Colagene: pp.28,40; Ellis Nadler: pronunciation
symbols; Roger Penwill: p.59; Ron Tiner: pp.67,68; Kath Walker: p.41.
We would also like to thank thefollowingfor permission to reproduce thefollowingphotographs:
Cover: GemenaconVshutterstock.com, Andrey_Popov/shutterstock.com,
Wavebreakmedia/shutterstock.com, Image Source/Getty Images, Lane Oatey/Blue Jean
Images/Getty Images, BJl/Blue Jean Images/Getty Images, Image Source/Corbis, Yuri
Arcurs/Tetra Images/Corbis, Wavebreak Media Ltd/Corbis; pg.4 (2 across) studiomode/
Alamy, (3 across) Gastromedia/Alamy, (5 across) Food and Drink Photos/Alamy, (1
down) Annabelle Breakey/Getty Images, (2 down) Dave King/Getty Images, (4 down)
jon whitaker/Getty Images: pg.6 Mike Kemp/Tetra Images/Corbis; pg.7 (1) Sean Justice/
Getty Images, (2) Image Source/Corbis, (3)JGI/Getty Images, (4) PhotoAlto/Eric Audras/
Getty Images, (5)Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Getty Images: pg.9 Stefano Ravera/Alamy; pg.10
Brian Hamill/Getty Images: pg.l 1 2020WEB/Alamy; pg.15 (bus) Thomas Cockrein/
Alamy, (construction) Ryan Smith/Somos Images/Corbis, (orangutan) Andrew Watson/
Getty Images; pg.t6 (1) Lobke Peers/shutterstock, (2) LJSphotography/Alamy, (3) Rich
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Images/Alamy; pg.18 (China) Ma Hailin/Xinhua Press/Corbis, (Mexico) Danny Lehman/
Corbis, (Australia) John Gollings/Arcaid/Corbis; pg.19 (boat) Julia Rogers/Alamy, (sled)
AccentAlaska.com/Alamy, (train) STRINGER/C.AMBODIA/X80007/Reuters/Corbis, (jeep)
Christian Kober/Robert Harding World hnagery/Corbis; pg.22 (man) Ann Summa/
Corbis, (woman) Flashon Studio/shutterstock; pg.23 Bufflenunp/shutte rstock.com;
pg.24 Erik Isakson/Blend Images/Corbis; pg.25 (Speilberg) Luc Roux/Sygma/Corbis,
(Newton) The Gallery Collection/Corbis, (Gates) Peer Grimm/dpa/Corbis, (Edison)
CORBIS: pg.27 (Liberty) Rubens Alarcon/shutterstock, (Times Square) Kobby Dagan/
shuttcrstock.com; pg.32 Michael Regan/Getty Images; pg.34 (friends) Dreampictures/
Image Source/Corbis, (couple) Monkey Business Images/shutterstock; pg.36 Car
Culture/Getty Images: pg.38 (Knebwoith House) Steven Vidler/Eurasia Press/Corbis,
(Anna Karenina) 2012/Moviestore/Rex; pg.39 (carousel) Ambient Images Inc./Alamy,
(table) Anna Clopet/CORBIS, (rink) Kiet Tliai/Getty Images, (bridge) Andrew C Mace/
Getty Images: pg.42 Dimitri Otis/Getty Images: pg.44 Ken Seet/Corbis; pg.45 epa
european pressphoto agency b.v/Alamy; pg.47 (Graceland) Jon Arnold Images Ltd/
Alamy, (cabin) jpbcpa/istock, (apartment) cdrin/shutterstock.com; pg.48 Jeff Morgan
12/Alamy; pg.51 auremar/shutterstock; pg.52 Mira Oberman/AEP/Getty Images;
pg.53 Blend Images/shutterstock: pg.54 C. Devan/Corbis: pg.55 (dentist) Julian Abram
Wainwright/epa/Corbis, (golf) Andrew Geiger/Getty Images; pg.57 Top-Pics TBK/
Alamy; pg.58 Mathew Crowcoot/Newsteam/SWNS Group; pg.59 Tokyo Space Club/
Corbis: pg.60 (keyboarcl) S.EA Photo/Alamy, (plug) Carsten Reisinger/Alamy, (outlet) Joe
Belanger/shutteretock, (switch) Olivier Le Qiieinec/shutterstock, (headphones) Bryan
Solomon/shutterstock, (USB) cristil80884/shutterstock, (speaker) arigato/shutterstock,
(mouse) vasabii/shutterstock, (screen) yanugkelid/shutterstock, (remote) MNI/
shutterstock, (flashdrive) bogdan ionescu/shutterstock, (adaptor) Freer/shutterstock;
pg.6t R and R Images/Getty Images: pg.63 (Selena) AP Photo/Blanca Charolet, Premier
Postage via Hispanic PR Wire, HO, (jay Z) Ben Rowland/The Hell Gate/Corbis, (bridge)
Imaginechina/Corbis, (Kyi) Anindito Muklierjee/epa/Corbis, (Craig) EON/DANJAQ/SONY/
Tlie Kobal CoUection/Maidment, Jay, (Mesa Verde) MarclSchauer/shutterstock, (Louvi'e)
Migel/shutterstock.com, (Everest) Pal Teravagimov/shutterstock; pg.64 (1) NetPhotos/
Alamy, (2) leolintang/shuuerstock, (3) Alexander Demyanenko/shutterstock, (4) Erkan
Mehmet/Alamy, (5) Asianet-Pakistan/shutterstock.com, (6) Bernd Kohlhas/Corbis,
(7) Ferenc Sze lepcsenyi/sh litre rstoc k. (8) claudiodivizia/istock. (Bolt! Christopher Monis/
Corbis; pg.65 (1) pockygallery/shutterstock, (2) Biu'dika/shutterstock, (3) Graphic design/
shutterstock, (4) anaken2012/shutterstock, (5) Anton Prado PHOTO/shutterstock,
(6) maniacpixel/shutterstock; pg.66 Arthur Tiiriier/Alamv