OXFORD
Exam
Exce ence
Felkeszules a kozep-
es emelt szintu angol vizsqakra
OXFORD
Exam
Exce ence
Contributors and consultants
Danuta Gryca, Poland
Joanna Sosnowska, Poland
Russell Whit eh ead , UK
Zsuzsan na Nyir6, Hungary
Danica Gondova , Slovak ia
Eva Paulerova , Czech Republic
Victor N. Sim kin, Russia
Cvjetanka Bozan ic, Croatia
OXFORD
UN IVE RS IT Y PR E SS
Introduction 6
Unit 1
Skill
Task I Time
Fa mi ly life
Reading 8
o Gap fill (missing ph rases) .... 25 min
o Ide nt ifying statem en ts mad e .. 20 m in
o Wo rd fo rma t io n ga p f ill .... 45 mi n
o Writ ing a n e ma il .. 3 5 m in
o Wr it ing an info rmal letter .. SS min
o Situationa l role -pla y .... 25 m in
Listening 9
Use of English 9
Writing 10-11
Speaking 11-12
Listening 13
Use of English 13
Writing 16
Speaking 16·17
o Picture-based discuss ion
o Debate
Task / Time
Speaking 21-22
o Mat chin g True /False sta teme nt s t o pa rag ra p hs
o Fa ctu al e rro r co rrect ion " 15 min
o Word fo rmat io n ga p fill .... 30 min
o Wr it ing an inf o rmal letter .... 90 min
o Situ at ion a l ro le -pla y .. 2S min
Reading 24
o Picture-ba sed d iscussio n .... 30 min
o Missing se ntences ..... 30 m in
Listening 25
o
Use of English 25
o Open d oz e
Writing 26
Speaking 26-27
o Writ ing a student magaz ine article
o Picture-based discussion 40 m in
o Debate ..... 20 min
Unit 3
Skill
Task /Time
Shops and
services
Reading 28
o Multi ple -cho ice sta t e ments
Listening 29
Writing 31
o Identifying st ate me nts ma de .... 25 min
o Mult iple-choice g a p fill .... 25 min
o Writi ng an a rgu me nt ative essa y .... 75 min
Speaking 31·32
o Situational role-p lay
Reading 34
Listening 35
Use of English 35
Writing 36
Speaking 36-37
STUDY DIAR Y
-
/6
-
17
25 min
Reading 18
Use of English 30
/5
30 min
Skill
Writing 21
-
min
Unit 2
Use of English 20
/ 10
- /4
People and
society
Listening 19
-
Your notes
- /6
o Picture-based d iscussion .... 20 min
o True/Fa lse statements " 15 min
o Multiple-choice gap fill • 35 m in
o Multiple-ch oice questions 30 min
o Writing a n argumentative essay 80
Reading 14
2
Score
Score
Matching speakers to statements
.... 35 min
-
/8
-
/8
Your notes
- /8
- /5
2S min
" 25 min
-
/8
-
/8
80 min
Score
.... 35 min
Your notes
/5
/5
/8
.... 30 min
o Pict ure -based discussion .... 20 min
o True/Fa lse statements 25 min
o Filling in a form 40min
o Open doze .. 25 min
o Writ ing a letter of co mplaint 75
o Pict ure -based d iscussion 25 min
o De bat e 20 min
/8
17
/8
min
Use t he Stu dy Dia ry to plan and keep t rack o f your exam prepa ration . Tick ./ each se ct io n
you have com pleted. Recor d your sco re . Make not e s that help you improve yo u r results.
Unit 4
Home
Skill
Task ITime
Score
Reading 38
o Mi ssing sentences .... 35 min
o Matching information .... 15 min
o M ultiple-choice gap fill ... 20 min
o Writing an email .... 40 min
o Writing an informal letter .... 70 min
- /5
Listening 39
Use of English 39
Writing 40-41
Speaking 41·42
Reading 44
Listening 45
Use of English 46
Writing 46
Speaking 47
o
-
17
-
/8
Situational role-pla y .... 25 min
o Picture-based discussion .... 40 min
o Multiple match ing 30 min
o Tru e/False sta tements 20 min
o Ed it ing (word search) 40 min
o W riti ng a st ud ent magaz ine art icle .
o St atistics-based discussion 30 m in
o Deb ate .... 10 min
- /9
-
17
-
/ 10
80 min
Unit 5
Skill
Task I Time
Nature
Reading 48
o Mul tipl e mat ching
Listening 49
o Factua l erro r co rrect io n
.... 40 min
- /6
Use of English 50
o Multip le-cho ice g ap fi l l
.... )0 min
-
Writing SO-51
o W ri ti ng a leaflet
Speaking 51·52
Reading 54
Listening 55
Use of English 55
Writing 56
Speaking 56·57
Score
.... 35 min
-
Skill
Task ITime
School
Reading 58
o Matching headings to paragraphs
Listening 59
o
Use of English 59
Writing 60-61
o Word f orm at ion gap f ill .... 40 min
o Writing an in vit atio n ... 45 min
Speaking 62
o Writing an informa l letter .... 70 min
o Situational ro le-pla y .... 35 min
Use of English 65
Writing 66
Speaking 66-67
'" 35 min
Completing notes .... 30 min
o M issin g sente nces
- /8
-
/ 10
~ 30 min
o Picture-ba sed di scussion
-
/8
-
/6
Your notes
- /8
.... 35 min
o Matching statem ent s t o speake rs .. 25 min
o Op en d oze ... 30 min
o Wr iting an arg um entati ve essay '" 90 min
o Debate
- /5
Score
o Pictu re-based discussion
Listening 6 5
/8
40 min
Debat e
Unit 6
Reading 64
Your notes
/6
.... 30 min
o W rit ing a formal let ter .... 70 min
o Situati on al role-play .... 40 min
o Pict ure-b ased di scussion .... 50 min
o Mi ssing sentences I 40 min
o Identifying t rue state me nts 35 min
o Verb form gap f ill 30 min
o Writing a discursive essay SOmin
o Pict u re-b ased discussion 25 min
o
Your notes
-
/4
-
/5
-
/9
35 min
.... 20 min
Use the Study Diary to p lan and keep t rack of yo u r exam p rep ar at ion . Tick ./ each section
you have completed . Record you r score . M ake notes t hat he lp you improve your r esu lt s.
5TUDY DIA RY
3
Unit 7
Skill
Task I Time
Score
Work
Reading 68
o Missing sente nces ~ 35 min
o Mu ltipl e mat chin g ~ 20 min
o Ope n d oze ~ 35 min
o Wr it ing a fo rmal letter ~ 75 min
o Situationa l rol e-pl ay ~ 35 min
o Picture-based d iscussion ~ 35 min
o Multiple-choice statements 35 min
o M atching statements to speakers ..... 20 min
o Banked gap f ill I- 25 min
o Writi ng a fo rmallette rljob application ..... 70
o Pict ure-based discussion 20 min
- 17
Listening 69
Use of English 70
Writing 70
Speaking 71-72
Reading 74
listening 75
Use of English 76
Writing 77
Speaking 77
-
/5
-
/8
-
/5
-
/8
- /8
min
Unit 8
Skill
Task I Time
Score
Health
Reading 78
o Gap fi ll (missing phrases) ... 30 min
o M ultiple-choice st ate ments "' 2 5 min
o Open doze ... 2S min
o W riting an i nforma l letter ~ 8 0 m i n
o Situ ati onal role -pl ay ~ 20 min
o Pictur e-based discussion ... 25 min
o Compl eting not es ~ 20 min
o Mu ltiple-cho ice gap fi ll ~ 15 min
- /8
Listening 79
Use of English 80
Writing 80
Speaking 81-82
Listening 83
Use of English 83
Reading 84
Writing 86
Your notes
-
17
-
/8
-
/8
Your notes
- /8
o Ordering paragraph s ~ 40 min
o Writi n g a letter from the editor (of a st udent mag azin e)
- 17
, .. 60 min
Speaking 86-87
o Pict ur e-based discussion
o Debat e
Unit 9
Skill
Task I Time
Score
Sport
Reading 88
- /6
Reading 93
o Mi ssing sent ences .... 40 min
o Mult iple-choice state men ts .... 25 min
o Jumbled sentences ~ 20 min
o Writing an email .... 35 min
o Writ ing an informal letter .... 75 min
o Situationa l ro le-play ... 25 min
o Picture-based discussion .... 20 min
o True/False sta te ments 35 min
Listening 94
o Completing not es
- /6
Use of English 94
o Wo rd form at ion gap f ill "". 40 min
o W ri t ing an argument at ive essay ..... 80
o Picture-based di scussion 25 min
o Debat e .... 20 min
Listening 89
Use of English 90
Writing 90-9 1
Speaking 91-92
Writing 95
Speaking 96-97
4
20 min
25 min
STUDY DIA RY
Your notes
- /5
- /8
-
45 min
/6
- /8
min
Use th e St ud y Diary to pl an and keep t rack of you r exam prepa ration . TIck ./ each section
yo u have com plete d. Record your score . Make notes t hat help yo u im prove your results.
Unit 10
Skill
Task I Time
Score
Free t im e
and culture
Reading 98
o Mi ssin g sente nces ~ 30 min
o Tru e/ False state me nts ~ 3S min
o Banke d ga p f ill ~ 25 min
o W rit ing an ema il .. 25 min
o Writ ing an informa l lette r " 65 min
o Situational role-play .... 35 m in
o Picture-based discussion " 25 min
o Gap fi ll (m issing phr ases) .... 3S min
o M at chin g sta tements t o speakers " 40
o Open doze ~ 25 min
- 17
Listening 99
Use of English 100
Writing 100-101
Speaking 102
Reading 104
Listening 105
Use of English 105
Writing 106-107
o Writ ing a boo k review
Speaking 107
o W rit ing a lit erary essay (o ption 2) .. 70
o Statistics-based discussion ..... 30 min
-
min
Task I Time
Travel
Reading 108
o True/False statem ents ~ 50 min
o Multiple-choice statements " 25 min
o Ad jective/adverb form gap fill .... 20 min
o W rit ing an argumenta t ive essay " 90 min
o Situational role -play .. 40 min
o Pict ure-based discussion .... 35 min
o M ult ip le-cho ice state ments .... 35 min
b Com plet ing statements ..... 30 min
o Banked gap f ill ..... 20 min
o W rit ing a student mag azine ertlcfe js- 90 min
o Sta t istics-based d iscussio n 30 min
o Deb at e ~ 30 min
Writing 111
Speaking 111-112
Reading 114
listening 115
Use of English 116
Writing 116
Speaking 117
-
/8
-
/6
-
/5
-
/ 10
min
Skill
Use of English 110
/6
(op t ion 1) . . 70 min
Unit 11
Listening 109
Score
-
- /6
- / 11
- /4
-
/5
- /8
Skill
Task I Time
Score
Science and
technology
Reading 118
o Ma t ching sum ma ry state ments " 40 min
o Multip le matching " 25 min
o Word f ormat ion gap fi ll ..... 30 min
o W rit ing a stude nt mag azine article " 65 min
o Situational role -play ..... 30 min
o Pictu re-based discussio n .. 40 min
o True/False stateme nts ~ 35 min
o Edit ing (word search) .. 40 min
o Multi ple -choice state ments " 35 min
o Writi ng a di scursive essay " 70 min
o Pict ure-based discussion ..... 25 min
o Deba t e .... 20 min
- /6
Use of English 120
Writing 120
Speaking 121-122
Listening 123
Use of English 123
Reading 124
Writing 126
Speaking 126-127
Vou r notes
/8
Unit 12
Listening 119
Vour notes
Vour notes
- /8
- /8
- / 10
-
/6
/5
Speaking Bank 128
Writing Bank 131
Word Bank 141
Smart answer key 158
Use the Stud y Diary to pl an and keep track of your exam prepa rat ion . Tick -/ each section
you have completed . Record your score. M ake not es that hel p you improve your results.
STU DY DIARY
5
What is Oxford Exam Excellence?
Oxford Exam Excellence is an int ensive training co urse
to prepare for seco ndary scho o l ex ams .
There are 12 uni ts which provide practice and
exam tasks in Readin g, Listen ing, Use of English,
Writing an d Speaking.
All of these skills are practised at BI ievel (of th e
Commo n European Framework), and each unit also
con tains ext ra practice of all skills for students who
want to take an exam at a higher level (B2/C l).
Each unit is o rganis ed aro und a ce ntral topic,
wh ich is the n explored from a variety of different
viewpoints.
The book also has a referen ce section with a
Writing Ban k, a Speaking Ban k and a Word Bank .
The Smart answer key at th e back of the book
exp lains why th e right answers are correct or why th e
others are wrong.
Oxford Exam Excellence com es with its own Smart
Audio CD, which contains all the recordings for th e
listen ing tasks.
What is in a Unit?
Every uni t explores one broad topi c, for example,
'Fam ily life'. Each section looks at this topic from a
sligh tly different point of view.
All sectio ns con ta in practi ce exe rcises wh ich
always lead to an exa m tas k. Also included are
useful tips o n how to st udy for the exam , on how
to do cer tain exa m tas k types, and on im po rta nt
language po ints.
Th e var ious skills section s are usually featured in
the follow ing ord er:
• Read ing
•
Listen ing
•
Use of English
•
Writi ng
• Spea king
At the en d of eac h u ni t, yo u will find ext ra practi ce
exercises an d exam tasks to prepare yo u for exa ms
at a hi gh er level. Th ese exe rcises and tasks are more
d ifficu lt th an the o nes at the beginning of the unit .
Thi s High er level pa rt also features all five skills.
How do I use Oxford Exam Excellence?
Th e more you use the book, th e better prepared
yo u will be for the exa m . If you h ave time to
co m plete t he whole co urse , you will have thorough
train ing in all the typ ical exa m skills and tasks, and
will cove r all the topi cs and key voca bu lary yo u are
likel y to encoun ter in the exa ms.
You can use any sect io n of the book at any tim e
and in any order you want: yo u don't h ave to wo rk
your way th rough from beginnin g to en d.
6
INTRODUCTION
If you n eed flexib ility, but still wan t to get the
m ost out of Oxford Exam Excellence, we reco m mend
the following work p lan:
1 Decide what yOIl want to focus on practising
Oxford Exam Excellence has a St udy Diary o n
pa ges 2-3 that is m ore th an just a list of
con ten ts: it is also a great to ol for planning your
own trai n ing programme.
• If you want to explore an exa m top ic
thoroughly (for exam ple, 'Science an d
technology'), check wh ich uni t deals wit h
that top ic an d wo rk your way th rou gh the
different sections in it .
• If you wa nt to practise a certai n skill (for
exa m ple, Listen ing), use the Stu dy Diary to
find whe re th e various Listen in g sections are,
an d choose t h e ones wh ich focu s on the task
types you n eed to wo rk on .
• If yo u wan t to t rain yourse lf in a cer tain task
typ e (for exa mple, mul tip le-ch oice gap-fill
tasks), the Study Diar y can te ll yo u wh ich
sections feature this task; t ry to choose a
va riety of different topics and skills whe re
possib le.
2 Plan YOllr time
Each section tells you rough ly h ow much time
you will need to co m plete it, inclu d ing t h e
pra ctic e exercises as well as the exa m task at the
end . Th is is just an estima te to h elp you with
planning ; it mi ght act uall y take yo u a bit less or
a bit mor e time.
W he re th ere are two di fferent tasks with in a
Speak ing or Writing section, t h ere is a n estimate
given for th e total tim e to co m plete bo th parts
(p ractice and exam tasks), an d also a sep arate
est im ate for each pa rt, in case you on ly ha ve
time to do one or the other.
Th e exam box a lso shows a time, but this is
more a sugges tion than an est imate: we suggest
that you use a watc h to time yourse lf and
pr act ise com pleting the tasks wit h in the tim e
suggested; the times given for the exa m tas ks
closely m at ch the amoun t of time you wo uld
have in t he real exa m.
3 Practise
Focus first on t he exercises in a section wh ich
prepa re yo u for t he exa m task. Don 't skip any
exe rcises as they all help yo u deal more easily
with th e exa m tas k later on . In a few sections
th ere are follow-up exercises afte r t he exa m task.
You will find plen ty of How to study tips. Use
these tips as much as yo u can .
Check your answers to the practice exe rcises
in th e Sma rt answer key (a n ote at the bo tto m
of every page tells you where th is is).
Make a note in the Study Diary of any
mistakes yo u make, so you can make sure you
avoid th em next time.
4 Do tile exal/l task
Always read the instructions carefu lly to mak e
sure you know wh at to do.
Read th e Exam tip before you start doing
th e task.
Whe n yo u' re p ractisi ng Writing or Speaking,
you can p repa re for the task by looking at the
examples in the Writing Bank or Speaking Bank.
Com plete the task (and remember to time
yourself).
Before yo u look at the Smart answer key,
check th e answe rs you have written - it's good
practice, and will prevent you from losing
points in th e exa m for small mistakes.
Read th e answers in the Smart answer key
an d mark your sco re.
Record your sco re in th e Study Diary, and add
your own not es to remind yourself of things you
would like to focus on ne xt time you practise.
S Keel' track ofYOllr progress
Use th e Study Diary to :
• mak e notes about any mistakes you hav e
made after you have fin ishe d the p ractice
exercises,
• record yo ur sco re and make no tes on the
exam task after yo u have completed it,
• tick every section you have already done.
How do I prepare for exams at a
Higher level?
Oxford Exam Excellence provides thorough pra ctice
at a lower in term ediate (B1) a nd an upperinterm edi ate (B2/C l) level. If yo u are preparing for
an exa m at the High er level, com plete both the
first and the seco nd par t o f each unit you use.
If you on ly want to pra cti se some, but not all
the, skills at th e High er level, do all the skills in the
first pa rt of the unit, a nd on ly the skill(s) you want
to practise in the High er level section.
What if I don't want to prepare for an
exam at a Higher level?
For th orough training at th e B1 level you on ly need
to complete th e first half of each unit. You don 't
need to do the High er level.
But even if yo u are preparing for a B1 exam, you
may want to tr y co m pleting certain sections from
the Higher level, to look a topic fro m a n ew po in t
of view, for exa m ple, or to practise a di fferen t task
type. In this case, don't worry if you don't get all
the answers right. Work your way through th e
section syste ma tically and use the Sma rt an swer
key to learn wh at yo u need to know.
What's in the reference section?
W rititlg Ba tik:
• exam ple texts for all the text typ es required by
the exam tasks (from emails and
formal/informal letters to essays)
• usefu l tips
• lists of phrases yo u can use for eac h text type
Speaking Ba tik:
• useful com m un ication phrases - for all the
fun ctions you will ne ed to use to co m plete the
different Speaking exam ta sks
Word Bati k:
• key vocabulary from every un it
• essen tial extra voca bula ry for eve ry exa m topi c
• phonetic transcriptions for bett er pronunciati on
What's a Smart answer key?
Th e Smart answer key not on ly tells you what th e
correct answers are, but explains in clear, sim ple
English why those answers are co rrect, and also why
th e other answers are wrong. lt also tells you things
to watch out for (for example, typi cal erro rs).
You will fin d answers for all th e pra ctice
exercises an d exa m tasks. For open com mun ication
tasks whe re the re is no 'co rrect' answ er, it co ntains
useful no tes about wha t's expected in th e exam, or
about the best approach to the task.
The Smart answer key also has the transcripts of
a ll listening texts.
What's a Smart Audio CD?
Th e Smart Audio CD contains a ll th e reco rdings for
th e Li stening exercises and exa m tasks. You will
hear a wide variety of English speakers a nd
different dial ects spo ken at natural speed.
lt plays like a normal Audio CD in your CD
player. However, if you use the CD in a co m puter,
you can find the transcripts for all th e record in gs
in Micro soft Word® format. You can edit th ese
transcripts to create your own listening exe rcises,
for exam ple:
• repl ace a word in each sen tence with a blank
line to create a gap-fill ta sk,
• jumble up the o rder of paragraphs in a longer
text to create an ordering task,
• change some words in th e text to create a factcorrection task.
Use your new ta sks for extra pra cti ce a bit later on
- no t immediately, as it would be too easy to
rem ember wha t the or iginal was.
Alternatively, swap with an oth er stude n t and try
to complete each oth er's tasks.
We hope you will en joy working with Oxford
Exam Excellence and that it will give you all th e
skills and co nfidence you need to be success ful in
your exa m!
Best wish es from Oxford
INTRODUCTION
7
Reading
.... 25 minutes
1 Read the a rti cl e in exercise 3
quickly. Then put the
fo llowing headings that
su m m a rise each paragraph
in the correct order.
a Modern families
b What we m ean wh en we
tal k about fam ily
c The way fam ilies lived in
the past
1
2
:1
2 Read the article in exercise 3
aga in quickly, and answer
the questions.
1 What is a ' n uclea r fam ily'?
2 How d id t he fat he r spe nd
a typi cal day fifty yea rs
ago?
:1 How did t he mother
spe nd a ty pica l day fifty
years ago?
4 W hy are so me people
worried abo ut soc iety
today'!
5 Do co up les that li v e
toget he r always get
married?
6 Are m odern fam ilies
nor ma lly larger or sm aller
than t hose fifty years ago?
EXAM TIP
3 Read this short article about British and American families.
Choose the best phrase from A-K to fill in gaps 1-10, to
co m p lete the text. Th ere is one phrase that yo u won't need
to use.
FAMILY
W HEN British and Amer ican people use the word family
_ _ _ _ t he mot her, father and thei r child ren . In a gene ral
mean this
social context, 'the fa mily' is usually 2
nuclear fam ily.
a nuclear family
Society in Brita in and the US s
li ving in the same ho use and 4
each other's li ves.
Fifty years ago, t he typical f am ily was a husband and a wife,
and t w o or three chi ldren. The f ath er spent all day at work
and 5
decisions abo ut how the money he earned
was spent. The mother stayed at ho me to manage t he house
their
and look after the children . Children we re '
parents.
Many modern fa milies live rather differently, and because
of t his some people think that th e fami ly unit is dying and
society '
. Many coupies still get married, but others
. A few yea rs ago, couples
live together w ithout '
a fa m iiy,
living together usually got marr ied whe n '
but t his happens less now. Another trend is '"
_
married lat er in life and to have fewer child ren, so t he size of
the average fam ily is shri nki ng.
A
B
C
D
E
F
taken to
close ly in volved in
gett ing married
they ofte n m ean o n ly
is being wea kened
fo r people to get
ext ract also fits in g ram matically.
G m ad e m ost of th e
H w h ich norma lly co ns ists of
I they wan ted to start
J ex pec ted to o bey
K is tradit io nall y ba sed o n
Answers on page 158
Rememb er, th e meaning of th e
m issi ng phrase is impo rtan t, but
read the completed sentence
again to check that th e chosen
~ 15 minutes
READING EXAM
Listening
~ 20 minutes
4 Read the instructions to exercise 6 a n d a ns w er t he following
questions .
1 W ho will you be listening to in the recordi ng?
2 Who is the adv ice aimed at?
:1 W ha t o ther useful informat ion can you find in the ins tru ctions?
5 Read the statements in exercise 6 a n d d ecide which of the
possible titles below might best summarise the text yo u are
going to hear.
a Ho w can we ens u re o ur ch ild ren 's safe ty whe n they' re alone at
home?
b The dan gers that ch ildre n h ave to face in their every d ay lives
c Ho w to train o ur child ren t o be indep en den t whe n they grow up
8
FA M ILY LIFE
Smart answ er key on page 158
Use of English
HOW TO STUDY
If you have access to Eng lish·s peaking radio or televisio n
broadcasts, try to listen to a nd watc h progra mmes on
topics t hat yo u are interested in. It is best to do this on
regular basis, if possible for at least 15 minutes a day.
Th is will help you to get a feel for the language.
LISTENING EXAM
. . 10 minutes
6 ~ 01 First read sentences A-j below. You
are going to hear a psychologist giving
advice to parents. Decide which five out of
the ten pieces of advice are given in the
recordi ng.
A 0 Your decision should not only be based
on your children's age.
B 0 Tell your children not to answer
telephone calls.
C 0 Instruct your children to open the door
only to people they know well.
D 0 Don't leave your children alone for
more than three hours.
E 0 Teach your children to keep the house
key in their schoolbag.
F 0 Don't allow your children to use the
cooker.
G 0 Teach your children what to do in case
of fire.
H 0 Ask a neighbour to keep an eye on
what's going on.
o Keep alcohol out of the reach of your
children.
J 0 Don't stress your children by ta lking
about possible dangers.
Answers on page 158
EXAM TIP
...... 45 minutes
7 Pu t the correct fo rm of the verb clean in each
ga p.
]
I en joy _
_ the house every Mon da y
m orni ng.
2 It's Monday iunch time and I _ _ the hou se
alrea dy.
3 I think most of the houses in my st reet _ _
at least once a week .
4 My mother says my fat h er t hinks the house
_ _ by magic!
5 My friends arrived wh ile I _ _ my room.
6 In the future, h ouses _ _ by robots.
8 Put the co rrect noun form of the underlined
verb in t h e gap to co mplete t he d efin iti o n s.
]
If you invent so me t h in g important, this
_ _ ma y become famou s.
2 Something that arrives, such as a plane
3
4
5
6
fligh t, is an _ _ .
You can say you improve some th ing, or that
you make an _ _ to it .
Som eth ing you publish , suc h as a book or a
magazin e, is a _ _ .
If you explain some thing clea rly, then you
are giving a clear _ _ .
Someone who tra ins people to do so me t h ing
is a _ _ .
9 Wr ite similar defin itions to t h e ones in
exercise 8 to explain t he following verbs and
nou ns.
] believe and belief
2 depart and departure
3 per form and performan ce
The fi rst time you listen, mark all t hose sentences w hic h
match the statements made in the recording. Quickly
check jf yo u have mar ked the same num ber of
sentences specified in t he instructions. If necessary, find
the missing answers w he n yo u listen for the second
time.
HOW TO STUDY
You can expand your vocabulary by learni ng the
different parts of speech for words - for exa mple, from
the verb expect yo u can make the no un expectation, and
the adjectives expected and unexpected. Keep a
voca bulary note book or lists and includ e d iffere nt parts
of speech.
Smart answer key on page 158
FAMilY LIFE
9
12 Rewrite David 's message, adding the
~ 15 m inutes
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
in form a tio n he's missed o ut .
10 Complete the text by putting the correct
form of the word in brackets into each gap.
Housew.or~
~ 25 m inutes
WRITING EXAM
history
13 You see t his a dvertisement in a n Internet
foru m. Wr ite your response in a n ema il of
40-50 words.
..---------....
If you stop to think abo ut it, the histo ry of
housework is the history of everything.
Housework '
(CHANGE) an
amazing amount in only the last hu ndred
years or so. The '
(INVENT) of
electricity was very important, and it led to
the '
(ARRIVE) of the washing
machine, the vacuum cleaner, the
dis hwasher, and so on . Housework
_ _ _ _ (BE) much harder without them
fifty yea rs ago. It's not just technology
that's different- these days, most husbands
_ _ _ _ (EXPECT) by their w ives to
share the housework. Overall, then, we can
see a great '
(IMPROVE) in
relation to housew ork , especially for
women - although the environmental cost
of modern housework is high.
W
RLD
DAILY LIVES
SURVEY
An sw ers on page 159
Answ ers o n pag e 159
EXAM TIP
~ 90 minutes
Writing
Writing an email
~ 35 minutes
from the instructions.
11 Read the task and the advertisement in
Writing an informal letter ~
ex ercise 13 ca re fully, Then read the message
below, and decide if the writer has included
all the requested information. Tick the
a p p ro p ria te box.
I who/you? D
2 where/from? D
3 whe n /slee p? D
55 minutes
14 Are these sta te m en ts about writing in fo rm al
letters true or fa lse?
4 when/eat? D
5 when/st udy? D
6 what/e lse? D
••
W hen you w rite a short text, such as an email message,
always check you have included all the necessary points
2
3
o
4
I'm Davi d. I s lee p like a log from 10 p.m .
un til t he a larm goes off at 7 a.m . I have
breakfast at 7.30 a.rn ., lun ch at midday
and t he n di nn er at 6 p.m. I really do n't
like do ing hom ework . I t ry to play
football as often a s possibl e, a nd usu ally
m an ag e to every day.
5
6
7
It's normal to use contractions, like they're
for they are, in informal letters. T / F
You do n't need to use paragraphs in
in formal let ters. T / F
Plannin g what to wri te is less im portant for
informal lett ers than for formal letters. T / F
You shou ld try to make in formal letters as
in teresti ng as poss ible, for example by using
a range of verbs and ad jectives. T / F
The most common tense used in informal
letters is the Present Con tin uou s. T / F
Informal letters tend to be shorter th an
formal letters. T / F
You should th ink carefully about t h e reader
of infor m al letters. T / F
l
10
FAMi lY LIFE
Smart answer key on page 159
15 Read this extract fro m a le tter. It contains
eigh t gra m m ar mistakes. Ca n you find them
an d correct them?
Everybody think my siste r is very good-looking.
She has a huge wardrobe fu ll wit h clothes and
she always we ll dressed - but I think she wears
too man y m ake-up! She seems she's quite
popul ar, why she has a wide circle of frien ds.
She's always eit her out with frien ds and at
home ta lking with the pho ne to th em .
WRITING EXAM
~ 45 minutes
16 Below is p art of a letter you receive from
your penfriend abroad. Write your reply in
100-120 words.
Mtj WIde-. So I'd re-tllltj like- +0
bto.w tlbw+ tj0l.<r +tlvol.<ri+e+tlMiltj Me-Mbe-r. Wl-to is it? Wl-ttj
dO
tj0l.<
like- l-tiM or l-te-r so Ml.<cl-t?
Wl-ttl+ doe-s l-te- or sl-te- look like-?
Wl-ttl+ doe-s l-te- or sl-te- dO?
Speaking
~ 4S
Situational role-play
minutes
~ 25 minutes
17 '" 02 Listen and read the d ialogue below and
answer these questions.
1 What is Mark goi ng to do for Agneta?
2 Whe n are th ey going to m eet ?
3 What is Agneta goi ng to help Mark wit h?
Agneta I'm really pleased you can help me, Mark.
Mark Th at's OK. 1 know t here's too m uch
hou sewo rk for o ne person to do. Wha t
wo uld you like me to do?
Agncta Could yo u clean t he wind ows?
Mark
OK. But I'm quite busy right now. Can we
do it in t he evening, per haps?
Agn eta I'm goi ng to th e cinema later. Are you
free after school?
Mark Yes, I 'll mee t you at your hou se after
school.
Agneta Fan tastic! And the n I 111/1St return the
favou r. How ca n I help you?
Mark
Could you help me with my English
hom ework ? It's really difficult t his week .
Agn eta Sure .
18 Underline the parts of the dialogue that
h el ped you to answer the questions in
exercise 17 .
19 What kinds of housework a re there? How
many more ca n you add to the list?
Answers on page 159
EXAM TIP
Always plan your writing carefully. Look carefully at the
topic or question and let ideas come into your head.
d_o .fhe. dus.fiOlq
Then start to orga nise them into a suitable order. Then
/\.lake. .fhe. oe.ds
write one or more sente nces for each id ea. Build th e
do .fhe. washiOlq
series of sentences into paragraphs. When you have
finished your first draft, check very carefully for
s~e.e.p
the. patio
m istakes.
HOW TO STUDY
One way to practise speaking accu rately is to write a
dialogu e, chec k it for mistakes, and then practise
speaking it, with a partner if possible.
Smart answer key on page 159
fAMILY LIf E
11
SPEAKING EXAM
~
5 minutes
20 Your friend's parents a re away for a few
days. You have agreed to help your friend
with some housework.
Find ou t wha t hou sework yo ur friend
need s help with .
Find out a time you 're both free.
Agree what you r friend will do for you in
return .
Answers on page 159
Picture-based discussion
~ 20 minutes
21 Here arc some sentences st u den ts sa id abo u t
famili es. Ea ch sentence co n ta ins a m istake.
Can you find a nd co rrect the m istakes?
1 If yo u have olde r broth ers and sisters, th ey
ca n giving yo u useful advice.
2 In a big family, never yo u ma y learn to be
in dep ende n t.
3 So yo ur fam ily is sma ll, yo u' ll probably ha ve
your ow n bedroo m.
4 Your bro the rs and sisters can play by you
whe n your par ents are busy.
22 Ch oose from the words below to co mplete
the ex p ressio ns used for giving opinions.
as
in · to
on
1 _ _ my ex per ience , a small family is bet ter.
2 According _ _ a TV programme I saw,
th ere are fewer big famili es now.
3 As far _ _ I'm concerned, the bigger the
better.
4 It dep ends _ _ whe re you live, but I prefer
sma ll famili es.
HO W TO STUDY
When you study for tasks like exercise 23 here, practise
several times. Each tim e, concentrate on a different
factor, e.g . choice of vocabulary, pron unciat ion,
spea king flue ntly, and so on.
~ 10 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
23 Look at th e two photos of families .
Co m pa re and contrast them . Include the
following points:
•
•
•
•
adv ice and suppo rt
independence
space at home
attention from parents
An swers on pag e 159
12
fA MilY lif E
Smart answe r key on page 159
Listening
40 minutes
1 Read these pairs o f se n ten ces
1-6 and the corresponding
sta te men ts 1-6 in ex ercise 3. In
eac h ca se, which on e of the
two sentences h ere means the
sa me as the statement in
exercise 3?
a [ ohn's parents grew up
here, and so did h e.
b j ohn 's pa rents come from
up no rth , an d moved h ere
before he was born.
2 a j oh n's fam ily always
seem ed very h appy to
Ange la.
b Angela t h inks there are
some probl ems in j ohn's
fam ily.
3 a Angela's fam ily are having
a big party next mon t h,
but she 'd p refer to do
some th ing else.
b Ange la ca n 't wait for this
part y next month everyone's com in g.
4 a j ohn's expec ted to join hi s
uncle's co m pany, but it's
really boring there.
b John reall y wan ts his uncle
to give him a job in his
com pany.
S a Angela's big siste r ha s
reall y h elp ed her by tellin g
h er what to do.
b Ange la's always told h er
olde r siste r wh at she
sho uld do .
6 a j ohn's brother 's n ever
studied at uni versity.
b j ohn 's brother is n o longer
at college.
2 Un d erli n e the word or words
in exercise 1 which make the
sentence different in meaning
fro m the statement in
exercise 3.
Smart answer key on page 159
~ 15
LISTENING EXAM
m inutes
3 '" 03 You will hear two friends, John and Angela, talking
about their families . Read through statements 1-6. As
you listen, decide if each statement is true (T) or false (F),
according to the information you hear.
1 John grew up in the sam e to wn as hi s par ents. _
2 Angela says john's family is a h appy one. _
3 Angela is looking forward to a big family party ne xt
month . _
4 John hopes to work in hi s uncle's business in the future.
S Angela's o lde r sister ha s give n her useful adv ice. _
6 j ohn's brother recently left university. _
Answ ers on page 159
EXAM TIP
In the listening exam, the task items are in the same o rder as yo u hear
them in the recordin g. Whe n yo u listen for th e fi rst time, check which
sta te men ts you're D.Q.t g iven a ny infor mation about (all false), t hen decide
if the remainin g stateme nts are true or false when you listen fo r t he
seco nd time .
Use of English
3S minutes
4 Choose from these words to complete the sentences b elow.
One word is used twice, and one word isn't used in any
gap.
to • than
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
too • also • that
both · and
1 like coffee _ _ tea.
1 like _ _ coffee and tea .
I like coffee and _ _ tea.
I like coffee and tea _ _ .
I like coffee more _ _ tea.
I prefer coffee _ _ tea.
I'd rather h ave coffee _ _ tea.
S Com p lete these sentences by writing one word in each gap.
1
2
3
4
S
6
He wants to improve, _ _ h e practises a lot.
_ _ h e wants to improve, he pra ctis es a lot.
He wants to improve - th at' s _ _ h e pra cti ses a lot .
_ _ to hi s amb ition to succeed, h e does a lot of pr actice.
_ _ of h is ambitio n to win, he's always practisin g.
His de sire to do well mea ns _ _ he practises a great deal.
FAMILY LIFE
13
6 Read these sentences. Ch oose from the verbs listed after the
sentences to co m p lete the gaps. Notice that the word out
comes afte r ea ch gap and is co n n ec te d to the meaning of the
ve rb. Th in k a bou t the form of the verb.
1 Th e gro u p are _ _ out a n ew CO next mo nth .
2 You mu st _ _ out of the h ot el by 11 a.m.
3 She injured her knee an d _ _ out of th e race.
4 The detective investigat ed until h e _ _ out who the murderer
was.
5 You'l l succeed if you _ _ out your plan.
6 They _ _ out for the mountains ea rly in the morning.
carry
br in ging
check
found
set
pu lIed
~ 15
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
minutes
7 Complete the text by choosing the correct option: A, B, C or
0 , to fill each gal'.
Fam ily h istory is ' _ referr ed to as genea logy. It is one of the
wo rld's most popular pastimes, an d milli ons of peopl e aro u nd
the plan et are investigating their origins as I writ e this. From
z_
beginners to expe rienced gen ealogists, th e attraction o f 3 _
out more about the past through your own family is hard to
resist. Once you have 3 _ out on the research road, the work
can become ab solutely fascinating. There are many reasons i . L .
As yo u expl or e this route to the past, you'lI develop new skills,
wh ich you can use in many ways. You'll a lso en joy th e
exc itemen t of the detective ' _. The voyage of disc overy into
you r family's past ofte n lead s to a greater understanding of
hi stor y. It's also a social pastime, and will ' _ yo u into co ntact
with many n ew and like-minded people.
A
A
A
A
A
6 A
7 A
and
fulI
finding
set
because
course
sen d
too
complete
meeting
done
sin ce
B movem ent
B carry
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
also
whole
learning
put
why
step
give
30 minutes
8 Read the titl e of the a rticle
in ex ercise 9 on page IS.
Which of the following
topics does the title of the
article suggest?
1 Fathers are read y to
participat e in takin g care
of children, and th is is
sur prisin g.
2 Fath ers sh ould be
en couraged to parti cipate
in childcare more actively.
3 Wo rkin g women want
their partners to take over
some ch ildcare
responsibilities.
Now read the text qui ckl y
to check yo u r answer.
What's the point of family history?
1
2
3
4
5
Reading
EXAM TIP
When you have completed a
multiple-choice task, check that
you did not leave a question
unanswered. If you really don't
know the co rrect answ er, it's
better to guess than not to give
an answer.
D both
thorough
D knowing
D made
o so
o process
o bring
o
An swers on page 160
EXAM TIP
Before you look at the cho ices A-D for each gap, try to think of a word that
could fit in th e gap. Even if you can't think of a particular word, decide what
part of speech - verb, noun, etc. - it needs to be.
14
FAMILY LIFE
Smart answer key on page 160
READING EXAM
.......""'-
2S minutes
9 Read t he newspaper article below on how fathers take part in looking after their children.
Ch o ose the b est answer: a, b, c, o r d, to questions 1-4.
Why fathers want to look
after the baby (yes, really)
One of t he most extensive surveys of fat hers has
now shown th at, far from the ste reotype, most
men would like t o share childcare duties with
t heir partners or wives.
The survey made by the Equal Opportun ities Commission
shows a modern type of father : the New Dad. He takes part
in day-to-day childcare and does not mind helping with
the vacuum ing and w ashing-up - if onl y w hen his partne r
asks him to. The EOC intervi ewed sixty-four fathers and
their partners about their hom e and wor k life. Most fathers
agreed that it was important to 'be there' for their children
for key even ts such as school sports da y, their first
appearance in the school play and for at least one mea l a
day. Many agreed that pare nting classes would be a good
way to give them more confidence around the home.
Based on the survey resu lts, four types of fathers were
defined, from the traditiona l type of dad to the perfect
New Dad, w ho is as much involved in taking care of the
child ren as the mother. The survey found that the majority
of men we re some w he re between these tw o types.
In the first category comes Enforcer Dad, the oldfashioned disciplinarian w ho does not see himself as
invo lved in the day-ta-day care of his children. He sees his
respo nsibili ties as settin g clear lim its for them and being a
role mod el. Most fathers do no t see this as their only role.
The two big gest categor ies are Entertainer Dad and
Useful Dad . Entertainer Dad is at his best keeping his
child ren laughing wh ile his pa rtner gets on with
househ old chores and arranging the children's school and
extra activities. Useful Dad is willing to help out around
the house, even thoug h he expects the mother to be the
'team leader' in all things domestic.
Finally, and probab ly every woman's d ream, is Fully
Involved Dad. He is equally engage d in running the home
and the family, and sees the role of the father and the
mother as practically iden tical. Fully Involved Dads adjust
their w o rk arrangements to their partners' professional
du ties. 'I do have definite childca re commitments,' said
one father in this category. 'There are certain times or
occasions w here it is non-negotiable and 1 just leave the
office on time.'
[ulie Melior, chairwoman of the EOC, said that fathers
w ere still not given enough flexibilit y at work and mothers
wou ld feel fully supported only if employers treated (and
paid) both sexes equally. 'Mums and dad s should be able
to choose how they w ant to share the responsibilities of
bringing up child ren and wor king outside the home: she
said. 'But unt il we have equal pay, decent childcare and
more opportunit ies to work flexible hours, many fathe rs
will continue to find it hard to be there for their children
and many w omen w ill cont inue to be d isadvantaged at
work. This is not necessarily the best solution for parents,
children or emp loyers. Equality at work or home depe nds
on both mum s' and dads' famil y responsibi lities be ing
acknow led ged: Melior said.
1 Why would many fathers like to go to
parenting cla sses?
a To learn how to do da y-ta-da y
ch ildc are.
b Becau se they want to atten d
important sch oo l ev en ts .
c Because they think it 's important to
be in volved in the da y-ta-day care of
ch ild ren.
d So they can be more co n fide n t in
dealing with domestic issues.
2 How do Enforcer Dad s view their rol e in
childcare?
a Th ey don't see childca re as their
responsibility.
b They teach their ch ild ren di scipline
by setti ng an exam ple for them.
c They keep children amused while
their partner get s on with
housework.
d It's important for them to be
invol ved in the day-ta-da y care of
their children.
3 How do Fully Involved Dads find time
to share childcare resp onsibilities with
their partners?
a They run the home an d t he famil y,
so their partners can focu s o n their
professional duties.
b They fit their work co m m it m en ts to
their partn er's arrangements.
c They often leave the office early.
d They think it's their partner's
responsibility to n egotiate flexibility
at their workplace.
4 What does ]ulie Mellor think employers
sh ould do?
a Employers should p rovide both
parents w ith equal pay and flexible
wo rkin g h ours.
b They should allow par ents to wo rk
from home so they ca n look aft er
their ch ild ren .
c They sh ou ld give women m ore
su ppo rt so they can take o n mo re of
the childca re resp onsibilities at
home.
d They should pa y women mo re
because t hey are often di sad vantaged
in the wo rkp lace.
Answers
Smart answer key on page 160
FAMILY LIFE
15
Writing
80 m inutes
Speaking
55 minutes
Writing an argumentative essay
Picture-based discussion
10 Look at the list below. Who is more
13 If yo u're working a lo n e, answer eac h
important to you, you r famil y or you r
friend s, in relation to these things? Tick the
box for ea ch onc.
Family
Frien ds
h omework
music
holidays
30 minutes
question in no more than three sentences . If
you 're working with a partner, discuss
different ways of answering each question.
What was your first day at school like? How
did you feel?
2 What is it you're goi ng to miss most when
you leave school? Why?
3 How do married couples help each other?
4 Sho uld everybody get married?
sport
food
If yo u' re working with a partner, discuss
yo ur a ns wers. Ta lk a b ou t yo ur rea sons.
11 Read these sentences taken fro m essays abou t
family a n d fr ie n ds. Fill in the gaps with a
su itable word from the list below. Use each
wo rd o nly o nce. T here are two ga ps in each
sentence.
answer think · facto rs
co nside ring
reasons
concl usion
im port an ce
refer
ever
loo k
1 When _ _ family and society, th ere isn't a
simple right or wrong _ _ .
2 When we _ _ about this sub ject, it
depends on wh ich society we _ _ to.
3 The re are a nu m ber of _ _ why I believe
tha t the family is still as impo rtant as _ _.
4 If we _ _ at th e issue of ed uca tion, th e
_ _ of the fam ily is clear.
5 Taking a ll these _ _ into acco unt, m y
_ _ is that the role of fam ily is changing,
but it remains highly im portant.
14 Read these sentences. Thi n k about their
m eaning and what may be missing in the
gaps. Then choose the correct phrase from
the list underneath to co m plete the
sen te n ces.
Your school education has a significant effect
on _ _ your life.
2 School isn't as important as university,
where you make _ _ what to study for
your career.
3 Most people wan t to start a famil y, an d
marriage is _ _ this.
4 The partnershi p of marriage is _ _ two
ind ividua ls sha ring a h ome.
your own choice of
the rest of
the first step towards
mor e than just
SPEAKING EXAM:
•
10 minutes
15 The two photos show different turning
points in life. Which image do you think
represents a more important turning point?
Why? Co m pa re and contrast the pi ctures.
Answe rs on page 161
EXAM TIP
WRITING EXAM
~ 60 minutes
12 Write an essay of 200-250 words for or
against this statement:
Don't worry if you can't think of much to say in the
exa m. Start with straightforwa rd o bservations - things
which are easy and clear to say abo ut the ph oto or
ph otos - and build on t hese until yo u reach m ore
Peopl e used to think that th e fam ily played
an impor tan t ro le in society, but times h ave
changed and no w the family is m uc h less
importa nt .
complex ideas.
An sw ers on pOIlge 161
EXAM TIP
W hen wr iting essays, always spend tim e thinking ab out
your ideas and opinions before you
try to start w riting
the essay. Record these in notes - either as lists or mind
maps. In yo ur essay, use eac h main idea as the basis of a
paragraph.
16
FAMILY LIFE
Smart answer key on page 160
Debate
25 minutes
'
..
16 Match words 1-8 to thei r syn o n ym s a-h.
1 leave out
2 loo k at
3 pr im aril y
4 in co ntrast
5 co nnected
6 unrelated
7 first of all
8 moreover
separate
firstl y
cons ide r
in additio n
m ostl y
co nversely
depen dent
h disregard
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
17 Use words from exerci se 16 to co m p lete the
follow ing se n te n ce s.
1 Before reaching any so rt of co ncl us io n, _ _
we m ust examine the cha ng ing roles wit hi n
the fam ily.
2 Even if we _ _ t he questions of income
and car eer develo pmen t, thi s is still a
complicat ed issue.
3 When we _ _ the falling number of
marriages an d the rising number of divor ces,
we can see t hat th e number of sin gle-paren t
fam ilies is in creasing.
4 Havin g a good job is often rega rded
nowadays as mor e important than having a
family. _ _ , th e resp onsibility of starting a
famil y appeals to fewe r and fewer people.
SPEAKING EXAM
~
10 minutes
18 Read the following statement. Do you
a gree or d isagree with it? Prepare so m e
arguments to support your opinion, t h en
discuss the issue with your partner,
responding to any counter-arguments they
have.
Mothers shou ld stay at h ome to look afte r
their ch ildren until they're old eno ug h to
start fo rmal educa tio n .
An sw er s on pag e 161
EXAM TIP
When you have to talk about a given subject at length,
try to use phrases that organise your arguments into
connected speech. You can find phrases for ordering
key points, giving examples, expressing your opinion,
etc. in the Speaking Bank on page 128.
Smart answer key on pag e' 61
FA M ILY LIFE
17
Reading
~-
~ 35 minutes
1 Read the title from the article in exercise 4.
What do you think the article is going to b e
about?
2 Read statem en ts 1 and 2 below. Which of the
other sentences: a , b, or c, has the sa me
meaning as 1 and 2?
I
Stella didn 't buy the dres s because it didn't
suit her.
a She didn 't want to bu y the dress.
b Th e dress didn't loo k good on h er.
c Th e dre ss wasn't t h e right size.
2 Unl ess th e guaran te e is stamped, your radio
won 't be replaced.
a Th e radio can't be rep laced if th e
guaran tee is not stam ped .
b There is no guarantee t he rad io will be
replaced.
c If yo u have a guara ntee, the radio will be
replaced .
3 Now read the following extracts 1 and 2
from the article. Choose the option: a, b , or
c, that best summarises the m ain idea in the
extract. Did you choose the same answer as
in exercise 2? Mark T (true). Did you choose
so mething different? Mark F (false).
I
Stella was sorry she co uldn't buy the dress.
The cut was the latest fashi on and the colour
ma tched her eyes perfectly, but she'd put on
some weight lately and she just couldn't do
up the zip.
a She didn't want to bu y t he dress.
b The dress didn't look good on h er.
c Th e dress wasn't t h e right size.
Stella didn 't buy tile dress as it didn't suit her.
T /F
2 The radio has a 12-m on th gua rantee .
Remember, however, to have it stam ped at
th e cas h de sk. Otherwise, we won't be ab le
to replace it if it doesn 't work properly.
a Th e radio can't be rep laced if the
guarantee is not stam ped.
b Th ere is no guarantee th e radio will be
rep laced.
c If yo u have a guarantee, the radio will be
rep laced .
Unless tile guarantee is stamped, YOllr radio
won 't be replaced. T / F
18
PEOPLE AN D SOC IETY
READING EXAM
4 Read the arti cl e below. Th en rea d st atements
1- 8 and find t he paragra p h (A- E) in t he te xt
which con tains info rmation a b ou t t h em .
Write the correct letter in the gap. Finally,
d ecide if the stat ements are t rue (T) o r fa lse (F).
SUITS or SMART CASUAL?
The modern office dilemma
A Once, it w as easy to know w hat to w ear to the office.
For male managers, it w as alw ays a da rk suit and
white shirt with a tie . With the arr iva l of Dress-Do wn
Friday, all the old ru les wen t away. Some compa nies
introduced the system in which once a we ek (on
Friday) the employees were allowed to wear casual
clothes of their choice. In recent years, cas ual dr ess
da ys at the office have become w idesp read in the
USA, and employees are starting to push the policy to
extreme limits. Casual Fridays have be come so casual
that so me people are coming to w ork in ou tfits that
resemble pyjamas.
B In a recent poll. 82% of Americans thought that it is
OK for businesses to ha ve a d ress-down da y, while
12% thought it is not. Those who opposed the dressdown policy pointed out that casual dress style might
enc ou rage casual or slop py work. Others commented
that the relaxed atmosp he re and comfort of casua l
clothes lead s to increased productivity.
C So what's appropriate for the office? Experts differ in
opinions, but there are a few points they agree on.
Ripped and w orn looking jeans, shorts and Hawaiian
p rint shirts are all unacceptabl e. Faded den im is also
associated w ith slop piness. Keep you r look sma rt. For
example, pair up d ark jeans w ith a button-down
blazer.
o There
are tw o im portant factors w he n di scu ssing
dress cod es in th e workp lace . First of all, it must be
clear. Em ployees ne ed to kno w w hat is expected of
the m; ot her w ise, a dress code that is meant to create a
rela xed atmosphere mi ght actuall y increa se stress.
Second, emplo yees must always cons ide r their
clients. We spoke w ith a law yer in a firm with a casual
dress policy who keeps a jacket and tie in his office,
and p ut s it on w he n expecting a client wh o might be
offended by a more casual approach.
E And one final thing - no matter what clothes people
wear, they must always be clea n and neat. Coffee
stains are unacceptabl e on the fron t of one's casual as
we ll as one's formal shirt.
Smart answ er key on pag e 16 1
~ 1S minutes
_ Cleanliness is always
important in the
workplace. T / F
2 _ Emp loyers should
precisely specify what
th eir em ployees might
wear on casual days .
.T / F
3 _ Latel y, some
employees h ave started
wearing unusually
informal clothes for the
office. T / F
4 _ Some clients ma y not
accept casual dres s code
in business situations.
EXAM TIP
First look at the title of the article and read the text quickly to get a general
idea of what it's about. Then read the true/ false statements and make sure
you understand them. Find the parts of the text w hich contain inform ation
about the stateme nts. If the informat ion in the text matches the informa tion
in the statement, mark T (true). If the information doesn't confirm the
statement (or there is no information about it), mark F(false).
Listening
~ 15 minutes
S Read t h e d escriptio ns of two people in exercise 6 . Fill in the
follow in g table w ith the information .
Person 1
Person 2
Male/Female?
Age
Height and weight
T/ F
5 _ In th e USA, the
majority of bu sinesses
have introduced casual
dress days . T / F
6 _ Experts agree on
what should be worn for
th e office . T / F
7 _ Some people believe
tha t the way employees
dress in fluen ces the
qua lity of their work.
T /F
8 _ Jea ns are conside red
inappropriate for office
casua l days. T / F
Hair
Ot her facia l features
Clothes
Other distinguish ing features
LISTENING EXAM
~ 10
minutes
6 ~ 04 First read the d escriptions below. Then listen to a radio
announcement, and cross out the mistakes in the
descriptions. Listen again a n d write down the co rrec t
information on the lines below the text. Th ere are eigh t
differences between the recording a n d the text below.
The police are looking for two suspects in con nec tion with the
recent bank robbery in Reading. Th e first suspec t is a wh ite man
in hi s fortie s. He is fairl y ove rweigh t, quite short and h e's got
cur ly, brown hair. He's got a broken no se and ha s a moustach e.
When last seen, he was wearing torn blu e jeans and a baggy Tshirt. He's also got a tattoo of a h eart with the word 'Angela'
written in it .
The poli ce are also looking for a you ng woman in h er ea rly
twenties. She's tall and attractive - she's got long, wavy, blonde
hair. Her n ose is rather long . Wh en last seen , she was wearing a
short black skirt, black T-shirt, a leather jacket an d black boots.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Answers on page 161
Smart answer key on page 16 1
Answers on page 161
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
19
EXAM TIP
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
Read the descriptions first. Try to picture in your mind
what th e peop le described look like. This w ill help yo u
focus on the details when you hear the correct
descriptions. As you're listening, read the text and mark
the details that seem different. When you listen for the
second time, check your choices and write down the
correct answer. Check that you've found all the required
differences.
Use of English
~
30 minutes
7 Ch o ose the correct option to complete the
se ntences .
2
3
4
5
It may not be possible / possibility to in vit e
everyone from the team.
They continued th eir correspond /
co rresp o n de nce through a co up le of
decades .
I love English Lite rature. I've read practical /
practically every classic English novel th at
exists.
His assista nt a lways com pa n ies /
ac compani es her on h er pro mo tio n al tours.
We wo uld like to clarity / clarify what the
condit ions are.
6 The main character / characterise in the
film is played by the famous Fren ch star.
7 Young peopl e often depend / dependent on
th eir pa ren ts fina nc ially.
8 I wou ld like you to sen d me a report /
reporter on the curren t situation.
8 Look a t the eight words in brackets in the
text in ex ercise 9. How many different words
can you form with each one?
custo m
accustom , accustomed, customise, customary,
customa rilv, custome r
2 fam e
~ 15
minutes
9 Read the text taken from the Teacher's
Book of an English course. Fill in gaps 1-8
with a suitable word formed from the
prompts in the brackets.
Recognising cultural images
and symbols
When we live in a particular country, we
automatically become exposed and
____ (custom) to a range of images and
symbols embedded in son gs and pictures,
places, and traditions. Th ese images and
sym bols include 2
(fame) peopl e in
the cu lture , a nd arc h itectural and landscap e
(able) of stude n ts to
features . Th e 1
recognise these images help s them to feel
more '
(con fide) and to become
more fluent.
The ai m of the activ ities in this sectio n is to
_ _ __ (familiar) studen ts with popular
ima ges and symbol s in the target culture. A
secon dary aim is to h elp studen ts to
_ _ _ _ (identity) and compare th e images
and symbols in British and American culture,
and then to con trast these with the images
and sym bols in their own.
Some activiti es focu s on places and peopl e
associated with the cu lture, some allow th e
(explorer) th e cultural
learner to 7
_ __ _ (refer) in popular songs.
An sw ers on page 162
EXAM TIP
Before you fill in any gaps, read the text payin g special
att ention to the words before and after each gap. These
help you decide what part of speech the missing word
should be.
3 able
4 confide
5 fami liar
6 identity
7 explorer
\
8 refer
What part of speech (verb, noun, a d jecti ve,
adverb, etc.) is ea ch word you have formed?
What part of speech is the original word?
20
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
Smart answer key on page 162
Writing
~ 90 minutes
Writing an informal letter
10 Put the phrases in each sen tence into the
co rrect order.
2
3
4
5
6
differen t fro m / being a / teenagers / I think /
whe n m y / teenager today / is very /
parents were / .
ways we / freedom today / In so me / h ave
mor e / .
other ways / life is / But in / and di fficult /
more compl icated / .
a lot / I feel /today put / on teenagers / of
pressure / that par en ts / .
n ot / every teenager / It is / the best / to be /
possible for / .
feel I / space / Sometimes I / some / just
need / .
11 Read th ese in complet e sen tences. Try to
think of words to fill the gaps . Use only one
wo rd in each ga p .
2
3
4
5
6
I believe friendship _ _ always be _ _
im portant part of _ _ lives.
A goo d friend _ _ so meone _ _ you can
really trust .
I love m y parents, _ _ course, but I spe n d
more time _ _ friends.
I prefer _ _ have a few close frien ds _ _ a
lot of acq ua intance s.
Whe n my brot her met _ _ girlfrien d, h e
sto pped spe n din g time _ _ his friends.
I h op e to stay _ _ tou ch with all my
frien ds whe n I' m _ _ university.
12 Each of these sentences contains a mistake.
Ca n you find th e mist akes and correct them?
I These days, man y people live together not
with getting marr ied .
2 I m yself h op e to getting ma rried one day.
3 I n eed meet the right person first.
4 I h op e I'll be as h appy in marriage as my
pa ren ts be.
5 My co usin we nt to wo rk in Scotland and
married the Scottis h wo ma n.
6 Marriage de pends o n tall levels of pati ence
an d understanding.
WRITING EXAM:
~ 60 minutes
14 Write a letter to your penfriend in the VK.
She or he wants to know about your life in
your country. Tell him or her about:
• being a teenager
• friendships
• wh at you think about marriage.
Write about 200 words.
Answers on page 162
EXAM TIP
You should plan your letter by follo w ing th e inst ructi ons
closely. Your plan should includ e a paragraph for each
cont ent point required . A lett er also needs to have an
opening and a closing. Look at the example of an
informal lett er in th e Writing Bank on page 132.
~
Speaking
Situational role-play
55 minutes
~ 25 minutes
15 Match the two parts of questions together.
1
2
3
4
Wh at do you
Do yo u h ave
Wh at sh ould we
I wo n de r wh at
A
B
C
D
a ny suggestions?
th in k ab out it?
to do about it .
do abo ut if!
16 Put the letters of the underlined words into
the corr ect order.
1
2
3
4
5
Tha t' s a great diae.
Tha t's a goo d ni sgugesto .
Tha t co uld be snitteringe .
I won der if that cou ld be tfulifdic.
Don't yo u think that might be catecoml'lid?
17 Put the missing words in the sentences to
make questions.
work • do • explain • say • thin k
1
2
3
4
5
Could yo u _ _ a bit more?
How wou ld that _ _ ?
Could you _ _ that aga in?
Wh at sho uld we _ _ after that?
Do yo u _ _ that idea is best?
13 Match ea ch start of a sentence 1-4 with its
co n cl usio n A-D.
I
2
3
4
I h ope that yo u
It was great
Write and tell
I really h op e to
Smart answer key on page 162
A
B
C
D
to hear from you
me all yo ur news.
visit the VK one day.
are well an d h appy.
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
21
SPEAKING EXAM
... 10 minutes
18 You and a group of friends
are plann ing a street
festival to take p lace in
your neighbourhood in
the summer. Here are
some notes.
Discuss the notes and the
situation and then d ecide
what to do. You can a dd
your own ideas.
•
music - dan ce music?
local folk singers?
foo d - ask neighbours?
use restauran t? cost?
• invitations - emai l
everyone? posters?
• ch ild ren - fu n activ ities?
com petitio ns? or no
sma ll ch ild ren in vited?
Answers on page 163
EXAM TIP
Remember that the examiner
wants to know how you interact
in the role-play situation - in other
words, how you communicate
and respond to ideas, op inions
and suggestions. Practise ways of
responding to what other people
say to you.
Picture-based discussion
30 minutes
19 Use the words be low to
com p lete these questions .
Hving • stress • clo the s •
like • married • from •
name · time
I What's your _ _ ?
2 Where are yo u _ _?
3 What do yo u do for a
- _?
4 Are you _ _ ?
5 Wh at do you do in your
spare _ _ ?
6 Where do yo u bu y your
- _?
7 Do you su ffer m uch from
- _ ?
8 Do you see you r fam ily as
much as yOll wo uld _ _ ?
22
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
Smart answer key on page 163
20 Look at the two photos.
Choose one photo, a n d
imagine yo u are that
person.
If you're working with a
partner, take it in turns to
interview ea ch other,
asking the questions from
exercise 19, and answering
from your imagination. If
you're working alone, write
down the answers to the
questions in exe rci se 19.
21 Co rr ect the mist ake in each
of these sentences.
1 I th ink he sta n d ing in a
train station.
2 He obviously like
skateboarding.
3 He's dressin g like a typical
business ma n .
4 He's wearing loose,
casually clothes.
S I guess that he's studen t .
6 I sup pose I'd h ave more
by com mon with the
yo unger man .
SPEAKING EXAM
__ 10 minutes
22 Look at the two photos .
Com p a re and co n t rast the
two men.
o
o
o
o
Whe re are they?
Wh at are they doing?
Wh at job s do you think
they do?
Wh at are they wearing?
What do you think their
clo thes say about their
personalities?
Answers on page 163
EXAM TIP
When you are discussing a picture
and explaining yo ur ideas and
opinions, th ere aren't any 'right'
or 'wrong' answers. The importan t
th ing is to keep talking, so that
th e examiner can see how mu ch
English yo u know.
Smart answer key on page 163
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
23
Reading
30 minutes
1 Read the text in exercise 2
quickly, and put the
following points in order to
fo rm a summary o f the
a rticle.
a Thousa n ds live o n the
street.
b Tile Big Issue is a financial
success, an d it generates
huge a mo unts of money
to be spe n t o n good
causes.
c Cu lt ural landmarks stan d
n ext to te m porary she lters
for pe op le slee p ing rough .
d In the 1980s, many people
arr ived in the ca pita l in
sea rch of a home and a
job.
e The Big Issu e is n ow an
internati on al initiative.
f Th e life of h omeless
people o n the Sout h Bank
was im mo rta lised in a
t heatre play.
g People can offer suppor t
t hrough special
o rgan isatio ns a nd by
bu ying Tile Big Issue.
1
2
3
4
READING EXAM
~
20 minutes
2 Read the newspaper article about Tile Big Issue magazine.
Five sentences have been removed from the text. Put the
correct se n ten ce from A-F below in ea ch space to form a
logic al , cohere n t a n d co rrect text. There is one extra
se ntence you are n o t going to n eed.
From Rags To Riches
the southern end of Waterloo Bridge in Londo n, by the banks of
the River Thames, stand the Royal .Nationa l Theatre, the Nation al
They have
Film Theatre and the Royal Festival Hall. 1 _ _
become a mecca for the homeless. The place is littered with the cardboard
boxes and old mattresses that they use as beds. It became so popu lar there in
the 1980s that each person had their own, much-prized space that they would
guard carefully. 2 _ _ This was also the name of a theatr e play directed by
the now famous Oscar-winner (for American Beauty) Sam Mendes.
The 1980s saw an enormous increase in people sleeping rough in
Brita in, as many unemployed came to cities in the south, espec ially London.
where j obs were easier to f ind. 3 _ _ They ended up with no work and
nowhere to live. Today the housing charity Shelter estimates there are around
100,000 homeless people in London alone, who are eith er in tempo rary
acco mmodation or simply living on the streets. These people ofte n hang
around ra ilway stations and other public places asking for money.
The British public are asked by their government not to give money to
street beggars. 4 _ _ Another way you can help is to buy a copy of The Big
A
t
Issue weekly magazine.
Run for the homeless, The Big Issue is a success on many levels. Its first
issue was published in 199 1, it won the Magazine of the Year award in 1993,
and sells 270,000 copies week ly, which means a readership of over one
million. s_ _ The maga zine is actually sold by the homeless themse lves,
which gives them a chance to earn money and retain a sense of dignity.
Encourag ed by its succ ess in Brita in. The Big Iss ue has beco me
international. and now seventeen titles thro ug ho ut Euro pe are being
published.
5
6
7
EXAM TIP
Before yo u fill in t he gaps, read
through the text to ge t a ge neral
sense of what each paragraph is
about. This will help you decide
which extracts belong to which
part of th e text.
A But it's virt ua lly im possibl e to get a job in Brita in wit ho ut a
pe rma ne nt ad d ress, and it 's very diffi cu lt to get so mew h ere
to live if you don 't have a job, so most of th ose people got
trapped .
B Peop le sym path eti c to the h o m eless are bein g to ld to donate
m oney to ch arities who spec ia lise in car ing fo r th e poor o r to
offer beggars gifts of foo d or clo thes ins tead of mone y.
C It gave th em a sense of secur ity an d became so permanent
that the locals ga ve t h e area a n ickname - Card board City.
D The Lab ou r Party admin istration cla ims th at many of t he se
people are h omeless by choice, and that there are many d rug
ad dicts among t hem .
E All profits are reinvested into t h e m agazine or diverted to
The Big Issue Foun da tion, a charity t hat runs m an y soc ial
sup po rt programmes for th e homeless.
F In stark co ntrast t o this centre of London 's cu ltu ral activity,
are the subways close by, which offer so me relief from the
cold at ni ght.
Answ e rs on p ag e 163
24
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
Smart answer key on page 163
Listening
25 minutes
3 Match words 1-8 with words A- H to form
co lloca tio ns. Use each word only once.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
general
political
th ird
in tern ation al
governme n t
hu man
eq ua l
econom ic
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
views
development
official
relati ons
opportun ities
election
wo rld
righ ts
Try to ex p la in the m eaning of each
co llocation in you r own words. If n ecessary,
look u p the phrases in a d ictionary.
4 Read t he questions in ex ercise S. How could
yo u sa y the follow in g phrases in di fferent
words? Try t o th in k of as many ways as
possible to say them .
I
2
3
4
5
best-in for med
take an act ive part
in terested in
in co m peten t
do mestic
LISTENING EXAM
~
10 minutes
S ~ 05 You a re going to hear four people
talking about their political views. Ma tch
speakers (A, B, C, or D) to the sentences
about them. Write the correct letter in eac h
box. Where there are two boxes, you need
to choose two speakers.
Which of the speakers: A, B, C, or D:
seems to be best-in form ed about the political
situation in their cou n try? 1 0
say they tak e a n active part in political
even ts? 2 0 3 0
Use of English
25 minutes
6 Read the text in exercise 7. Don't fill in any
gaps yet. Answer these questions.
I Wh y are Irish people popular around th e
world?
2 What's the nam e of the Irish Natio na l
Holiday? Whe n is it?
3 Whe n an d whe re was the first Parade h eld ?
4 Wh ich countries organ ise parad es on th e
Natio nal Holiday?
5 Wh at does the day celeb rate?
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~
15 minutes
7 Read the text about the Irish National
Holiday. Fill in gaps 1-8 with a suitable
word. Use only one word in each gap.
Going green
So me say that if you wo uld like to bu y a
pa ssport on the black market, an Irish
___ would be the mo st expe ns ive.
___ Irish a re warrn-heart ed, ope n and
friendly peopl e and are welcome everyw he re.
No surprise, th en , th at St Pat rick's Day is
celebrated on 17 March every yea r in more
_
coun tries around the world th an "
othe r Nationa l Holiday. On th is day '
_
wan ts to be Irish .
The first St Patrick's Day Parad e was organ ised
in Boston in 1737. Nowa days, pa rades
_ __ held in mo st places whe re th e Irish
ha ve been forced, or ha ve ch osen , to
is Dublin,
em igrate. Wh ether 6
Sydney, peo ple
Lond on, New York 7
it
flock to participa te and to watch . '
is a com me mo ration of a Ch ristian saint, it is
a day of celebration for a ll Irish peop le of all
religion s and creeds.
Answers on page 164
are interested in in tern ationa l
politics? 4 0 5 0
EXAM TIP
think most po liticians are in competent?
6 07 0
isn 't in terested in domesti c politics? 8 0
An sw e r s on p ag e 163
EXAM TIP
In t his type of task, th e exa miners wa nt to find out how
you can use gram mar and function al vocabulary. It 's not
a test of how big yo ur vocabulary is. This means mo st
of th e missing words w ill be gramma r wo rds and
functi on wor ds (the verb be, aux iliaries, art icles, linking
wo rds, prepositions, etc.).
Make sure you' re familiar with th e key vocabulary of th e
main exam to pics so you can focus on th e general
meaning of th e recording and the information required
by t he task.
Smart answer key on pa ge 163
PEO PLE AND SoCIETY
25
Writing
8 0 minutes
Writing a student magazine article
I
2
3
4
5
be
spend
m ake
get
to _ _ good / best friends with so mebo dy
to _ _ friends wit h someb ody
to _ _ o n well with so mebo dy
to _ _ a lot o f/all your time with so me bod y
to _ _ a good/close friendship with
so me body
9 Put the letters into the correct order to make
nouns that refer to personal characteristics.
I rou mhu
h
_
stonehy
yotally
taipen ce
ski n nes d
13 The editors of a student m agazine have
what qualities make so meone a good
frie nd
• h ow frien ds ca n help eac h other
• whet he r it is better to h ave a wide circle of
frien ds or a few close friends.
Write your article in 200--250 words.
Ch oose a good title for yo ur article.
An sw ers o n pag e 164
EXAM TIP
2 cen tilelige n
3
4
5
6
minutes
asked you to write an article about
friendship . Th ey would like yo u to in cl ud e
the following:
8 Use these verbs to fill the gaps.
have
~ 60
WRITING EXAM
h
1
p
k
_
_
_
_
10 Use adjectives based on the nouns you have
formed in exercise 9 to complete these
sentences.
A David's a very _ _ person - yo u ca n believe
eve ry word he says.
11 Geo rge is extrem ely _ _ - I think he cares
mor e ab out hi s friends than ab out himself.
C Clara is so _ _ - she keep s winning all the
school co mpet itions .
D Mar k's ver y _ _ - which is good , becau se
I'm always fo rgetti ng things, or arriving lat e.
E Anna's a ve ry _ _ friend - she's always on
my side.
F Ivan's so fu n ny - he makes us all laugh all
th e time wit h hi s _ _ sto ries.
11 Think about friendship. What do you think
arc the most important characteristics for a
friend? Choose the three things from exercise
9 that you think are the most important.
If you 're working with a partner, discuss
your ideas together.
Start writing by thinking . Use your imagination. Make
rough note s of ideas as yo u think of them . Onc e you
have plenty of ideas, then you can start to organise
them into a plan. Put your ideas into a logical ord er.
Each main idea or group of ideas should be the basis for
a paragraph.
Speaking
60 minutes
Picture-based discussion
40 minutes
14 Look at the four girls in the photo on page
27. Which one do you think:
does the m ost spo rt?
loves reading?
gets the hi ghest ma rks at school?
wan ts to be a doct o r?
h as the biggest family?
Give reasons. If you 're working with a
partner, discuss your ideas together.
15 Match the following description to one of
the girls.
She ha s sh o rt, mid-brown hair and quite a
warm sm ile. Sh e is rather shy and dep ends o n
her friends to give her co n fide nce. She is ve ry
affect io nate .
12 Co m p lete this part of a magazine article by
writing one word in each gap.
' _ _ far as I'm concerned, t he most important
q ua lity for a friend to have is a sense of
adven ture. This z_ _ becau se I like people
' _ _ surp rise m e, who keep me o n m y toes.
Th ere ' _ _ a number of reasons s_ _ I
believe that a few close friends are more
valuable than a wid e circle of friends. First
"_ _ all, J think yo u n eed to spe nd time alone
with someone in o rde r r _ _ get to kn ow them
reall y we ll. ' _ _ add iti o n, there is the question
of trust.
26
PE OPLE AND SOCIETY
16 Write a similar description of one of the
other girls.
If you're working with a partner, read your
description out to your partner. Your partner
should guess which girl you are describing.
Then listen to your partner's description and
guess which girl it is about.
Smart answe r key on page 164
17 Read the text below and try to think what
words would fit in the gaps. Th en ch oose
words from the list underneath the text to
co m p lete the text.
likely to me that these girls are all at
the same school. Fro m the z_ _ they are
sittin g toge ther, yo u can ' _ _ that they are
close frien ds. I •_ _ tha t they spe n d a lot or
time toge ther. I do n't th in k they can be siste rs,
because th ey 5 _ _ the same age. It's ' _ _ that
they are all cousins, I suppose.
It ' _ _
seems
expect
te ll · seem • possible
way
Debate ..
20 minutes
19 Look at the following sta te m en ts, then put
them into the right groups in the table
below.
• That 's right!
I couldn 't agree with you more .
I see yo ur point.
• I'm n ot su re that's tru e.
Abso lutely!
Surely you don't th in k that ...
Have you considere d .. .?
My point exac tly.
I do n 't see why/h ow.
Actua lly, .. . • I can go along with that.
Don't you agree?
I ta ke your point.
Agree
HOW TO STUDY
Practise describing peo ple and thing s as much as yo u
can, as often as you can. You can do it in your head
when yo u are walking or on th e bus, for example.
SPEAKING EXAM
Disagree
.. 10 minutes
18 Loo k a t th e p h ot o of a group of young
pe o p le.
What do they look like?
How well do you think they kn ow eac h
ot he r?
• Wh at sorts of things do th ey do tog ether?
• Wha t do they ta lk about?
Accept that the oth er pe rson 's right
Persu ade the other pe rson that yo u're right
Answers on page 164
Ad d some more exp ressio ns of your own to
each group.
SPEAKING EXAM
i""
10 minutes
20 Read the following statement, a n d d ecide
if you agree or disagree. Prepare some
argu men ts t o support your viewp o in t, then
discuss the issue with a pa rtner, responding
to any counter-arguments t h ey h ave.
Money can bu y eve ryth ing, even h appiness.
Answers on page 165
EXAM TIP
In thi s task, the fo cus is on how we ll you comm unicate
yo ur ideas - not on whet he r you are right or w rong.
Look at th e phra ses you could use in a discussio n in the
Spe aking Bank on pa ge 128 and in exe rcise 19.
Smart answ er key on page 164
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
27
Reading
... 3S minutes
1 Read the a rt icle in exercise 4 quickly. What is
it abou t?
Th e article is about
a a ver y typical Briti sh ins titu ti on .
b the conseque nces of an unhealthy di et.
c t he way a fu ll Eng lish b reakfast is pre pa red.
READING EXAM
4 Read the article about 'greasy spoons'. Then
complete statements 1-5 with the best
ending: a, b, C, or d.
2 Rea d the fo ll ow ing extra cts fr o m the text.
W hat do yo u think the underlined w ords
a nd p h ra ses mean? Work out thei r meaning
from t he co ntext (without using a
d ictiona ry).
I
These small restaur ants are so common t h at
they often go un n ot iced, but if they were
removed, the co un try wo uld be o n its kn ees.
To be 011 one's knees means
a to be very h appy.
b to be nearly destroyed .
c to be ve ry diffi cult to notice.
2 ... there are h undred s of them, fu elling the
population wit h bacon, egg an d sausage.
To
a
b
c
file! in this co ntext m eans
to feed .
to drive.
to poison.
3 In a ty pical greasy spoon , yo u will find
peo ple fro m all wa lks of life. Poets, builders,
hurrying businessm en, st ude nts lazing
aro und wit h huge mugs of tea.
People from all walks of life
a are n ot ve ry we ll-off.
b co me from different soc ial gro ups .
c ha ve a lot of free time.
3 Decide which of phrases 1-8 below (taken
from the a rticle) have a positive (+) a n d
w h ic h h ave a negative (- ) meaning. Write +
or - .
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
28
an essen ti al part of life _ _
a sticky, greasy layer _ _
a h uge me nu _ _
clea n an d fun cti onal _ _
crac ked lin oleum _ _
da ng erous ly un he alt hy _ _
abso lute ly de licio us _ _
noth ing ca n beat go ing to the real thing
SHOPS AND SERVICES
'GreasY spoons'
very rarely appear in
guidebooks, but they are an essential part of life
in the UK, especially for people living in the
bigger cities. These small restau rants are so
common that they often go unnoticed, but if they
were removed, the country wou ld be on its knees.
In London, the capital city of the greasy spoon,
there are hundreds of them , fuelling the
population with bacon , egg and sausage.
Greasy spoon cafes are so called because any
cutlery that comes into contact with the food they
offer is immediately coated with a sticky, greasy
layer of lard. More calories can be found in a cup
of tea in a good greasy spoon than in a whole
meal at a normal restaurant.
Greasy spoons are generally found slightly
away from the main streets of most towns, they
usually have large glass windows, a plastic sign
with the name of the cafe - usually containing the
name of the owner, e.g. Mario's, Bob's Place,
Rita's Cafe - and a huge menu offering a wide
variety of delights. Inside they are generally clean
and functional. You'll see old wooden seats,
tables covered with cracked linoleum and plain
walls. Each table has on it a bottle of brown
sauce, tomato ketchup and vinegar, and pots of
salt and pepper.
In a typical greasy spoon, you will find people
from al l walks of life. Poets, bu ilders, hurrying
businessmen, students lazing around with huge
mugs of tea. Some read novels, some stare into
space, and others catch up on the day's news. At
weekends there will always be large groups of
friends, recovering from a night on the town.
The meals here are dangerously unhealthy,
and absolutely delicious. All kinds of fried food
can be bought for incredibly low prices. The
centrepiece is usually the traditional English
breakfast. Although it's cal led a breakfast, you
have to be really brave to eat it first thing in the
morning, because it is huge. At least two pieces
of bacon , two sizzling sausages, two fried eggs,
Smart answer key on page 165
... 15 minutes
EXAM TIP
You do not have to understand all of the words in the
text to do the task correctly. Remember that you can
guess the meaning of many words from t he co ntext.
fried mushrooms, baked beans and bread soaked
in hot oil and fried . The English breakfast is full of
meat and fat. If you want something less filling,
there's still a lot to choose from ; particular
specialities are bacon or fried egg sandwiches
(or, of course , bacon andegg sandwiches). There
is also often a range of vegetarian sausages and
burgers.
Greasy spoons have some devoted followers.
Typing 'greasy spoon' into an internet search
engine will bring up hundreds of entries. With
pictu res, reviews, menus and stories, it's the next
best thing to going to a greasy spoo n cafe
yourself. But of course, noth ing can beat going to
the real thing - especially on an empty stomach.
According to th e arti cle, greasy spoo ns are
a only found in big cities.
b advertised as a to urist attract ion.
c important to many Britis h people.
d going to be removed from city centres.
2 Th e ch aracte ristic feature of grea sy spoo ns
is that they
a use a special typ e of cutlery.
b offer a lot of dish es to ch oose from .
c are furn ishe d in a sophisticated way.
d a re no t very clean .
3 Peopl e wh o co me to greasy spoons
a a re ofte n in a hurry.
b co me fro m various backgrounds.
c usually mee t friends there.
d so me t imes spe nd the night there.
4 The tradi tional Eng lish breakfast is
a n ot very cheap.
b n ot very tasty.
c served in huge porti ons.
d recommended for vegetarians.
5 Th e author of the article
a is a great fan o f grea sy spoons.
b believes greasy spoons repr esent British
tastes in food .
c learned ab out greasy spoons on th e
In tern et.
d th ink s th ey sh ould be moved away
from the ma in streets.
Listening
. . 25 minutes
5 Read sentences 1-10 in exe rcise 7 on page 30.
Dec ide which of the sentences below might
be the best summary of the text yo u are
going to hear.
TV commercials are the most effective
adve rtising tec hnique.
2 Supermarke t custo me rs are strongly
influenced by advertis ing.
3 It is possible to protect yourse lf aga inst the
influen ce of advertising.
6 Read the fo llowing sentences ca refu lly.
Decide wh ich two of t he three sentences
have the same m ea n ing. Tick the ma tching
sentences.
A D Man y of us think it's wron g to be
influen ced by advertising .
B D Th ose of us wh o believe our behaviour
is not influen ced by adve rtising are
wrong .
C D If yo u think ad vertising has no
influen ce on you, yo u a re clear ly
wro ng.
2 A D For most of us, matchi ng a popular
brand with its advertisi ng slogan is n ot
a problem .
B D Advertis ing slogans a re easily
recognised by mor e than 70% of
shoppers.
C D Advertising slogans are made to be
easily recog n ised and reme mbe red .
3 A D While shopping in a superma rket, you
usu ally can 't lim it yourself to you r
shop ping list.
B D Supe rma rkets use modern advertis ing
tec hniques to ma ke us bu y more tha n
necessary.
C D Shoppers in superma rkets are ofte n
unabl e to fight th e desire to bu y extra
products.
Gre(/se by Sam jo rdtsnn . Cunent Septe mber/ October 200 1. © Mary
Glasgow Magaztnes/Scholasttc. Reprinted by pe rmission of Mary
Glasgow Magazines.
Answers on page 16S
Smart answe r key on page 165
SHOPS AND SERVICES
29
LISTENING EXAM
Use of English
25 minutes
. . 10 minutes
7 ~ 06 You are going to
h ea r a ra d io report on
a dvert isi ng. Listen and
tick (,f) the five sentences
which h ave the same
meaning a s statements in
the report.
I 0 Some people wrongly
believe they are not
influen ced by
adve rt isin g.
2 0 Most o f us like taking
pa rt in opin io n
su rveys.
3 0 There's too much
ad vertising o n TV.
4 0 Mo st custo m ers
kn o w popular
adve rtis ing slogans.
S 0 Th e music p laye d in
supe rmarkets has a
marketing rol e.
6 0 Th e smell of fresh
bread makes people
buy m or e food .
7 0 Supe rma rket
cu st omers usually
bu y mor e than they
need .
8 0 Ver y few people
make sho pp ing list s.
9 0 If yo u go sh opping
when hungry, yo u' ll
bu y too much foo d .
10 0 Ch ild ren prefer go ing
shopp ing to go ing
on a picnic.
~ 1S minutes
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
8 Read the text. Fo r each o f the gaps 1-8, ch oose the best
option : a, b, c, o r d , below that fits the text logically as well
as gram mat ically.
L'Australie
- c'est chic!
One of the most surprising busin ess success ' _ _ in Paris these
da ys is the Australian Bookshop . Since the sho p open ed two
yea rs ago, Frenc h interest in Australian literat ure z_ _ • Located
in the heart of the city 's literary district, t h e sh o p is J _ _ by
Elaine Lewis, from Syd ne y. Lewis said sh e co uld n't find books by
Australian writers o n Paris shelv es, so she •_ _ to reme d y the
situa tio n . Angu s Macken zie of the Australi an embassy s_ _
sur prising that the Fren ch want to read Australian books - 'n o t
because the books are not ' _ _ , but because of the language
ba rrier,' h e said. French pub lisher Marc de Go uvena in thi nk s the
trend is easy to explain, r _ _ • 'In Europe, we ' _ _ see the
landscape with yo ung eyes. Australian au t h ors hav e a fresh way
of see ing things.'
hi stori es
reports
stories
ta les
S a
b
c
d
find s
find s it
thinks that
thinks this
2 a
b
c
d
grew
grows
has grow n
is gro wing
6 a
b
c
d
est imab le
worth
worthy
3 a
b
c
d
carried
carried o ut
conducted
run
7 a
b
c
d
an yh ow
ho wever
4 a det er mined
8 a
b
c
d
any longer
n o longer
no soo ner
no m or e
a
b
c
d
b concluded
c resolved
d solved
deserving
moreover
furth ermore
An sw ers on page 165
Answers on page 16 5
EXAM TIP
Sentences in the exam task and in
the recording may use very similar
structures, but their meaning
might be com pletely different.
Focus on the meaning of the text,
not the meaning of individual
words.
Remember that your task in
exercise 7 is to decide which
sentences match the text, not
which are true, or which you
agree with.
30
SHOPS AND SERVICES
9 Check your a n sw ers to exercise 8 fi rst. Then choose the best
word or phrase below to add an extra wron g answer to eac h
item 1-8. Think about wh y and h ow it is a w ro ng answer.
any mor e
by t he way
settled
thinks about it
est imated
operated
wo u id grow
rates
HOW TO STUDY
Synonyms (wo rds th at have a similar meaning) and collocat ions (wo rds that
often go together) are frequently used in multiple-choice tasks. Try to learn
any new vocabulary with its most common synonyms and collocations, and
keep a record of th ese in yo ur vocabulary notebook.
Smart answer key on page 165
Writing
... 75 minutes
Writing an argumentative essay
10 Look at these two opinions:
A It's important to keep po st office s ope n.
B Th e Int ernet is mor e useful than post offices.
. . so minutes
WRITING EXAM
14 Write an essay, in 150-200 words, for or
against the Iollowing statement:
Post offices sh ould close. In the age of the
Internet, they are no longer n ecessary.
Answers on page 166
Now read the n ine statements below and
d ecid e if you think they su pp ort opinion A
or op in ion B.
I _
2 _
3 _
4 _
5 _
6 _
7 _
8 _
9 _
Email is very po pular these days.
Post offices are im portan t in the
comm un ity.
Many people don't have co mp uters.
If you bu y goo ds from websites,
somebody has to deliver them.
Ema iling saves paper and petrol - it's
good for the environ me n t .
Intern et co m mu n ication is cheap or free
an d it arrives immediately.
The re are more post al services than the
Internet can provid e.
You ca n h ave access to the Int ern et at
any time and an y place.
Post o ffices belong to the past, not the
present.
11 Th in k about the two opinions a n d the list of
statements in exe rcise 10. Decide if you agree
more with A or B. Try to think of ways of
arguing ag ainst the points you don't agree
with . Write three more statements, using
your own ideas .
12 Look aga in at the statements you agree with
in exerci se 10, and at your own countera rgu men ts in exercise 11. What is the m ost
logical order for these arguments? Which
point should be made first, then second, and
so on? Number the statements 1, 2, etc.
13 Two words a rc missing from each sentence.
Write in the co rrec t words.
This is not _ _ easy question to de cid e; the
issue is com plicated and many factors ha ve
to _ _ consi de red .
2 _ _ is true that com puters can achi eve
man y thi ngs, but _ _ all these things are
good .
3 Com m u n icatio n is very important th ese
days, an d we ha ve various ways _ _
com m un icate with _ _ other.
4 We are livi ng in a time _ _ great ch ange,
so it is h ard to kn ow wh at _ _ go ing to
h appen .
Smart answer key on page 166
EXAM TIP
To write a for/against essay, you need to have a number
of relevant points th at you wish to make. You need to
organise these points carefully, so that yo u present yo ur
argument in a logical order. It is impo rtant that th e
reader can follow yo ur argument. Look at the Writing
Bank on page 139 for an exam ple and further advice.
Speaking
..
Situational role-play ..
so minutes
30 minutes
15 Put the underlined words into the correct
order in these sentences to m ake questions.
1 Wh at for wo u ld time like you go me yo u to
shopping?
2 Wh at n eed do to me for get you things you?
3 How alt ogether you spe n d are to mu ch
prepared?
4 Which sh ould you do I th in k to go sh ops?
5 Wh en supermarket the today sh ut do es?
6 Who are present the going to you to give?
7 Why you don 't pack larger th e want?
16 Th ere is a mistake in each sentence. Ca n you
correct the wrong word?
A I n eed tHe ne w came ra battery an d some
printer pape r.
a
B I expec t you' ll find everyth in g by Low Price
Sto re.
_
C Here's a €20 note - I can 't afford much than
th at.
_
D It wou ld be great that you went tom orrow
_
morning.
E It's to my cousin and his wife's wedding
an n iversary.
_
F I don't use it ve ry ofte n, so they last me a
_
long time.
G I'm not sure if it's 7 an d 8.
_
17 Match each a nswer A-G in exercise 16 to a
question 1-7 in ex ercise IS .
18 If yo u ' re working with a partner, practise
asking a n d answering the q u estio ns in pairs.
If yo u ' re working alone, cover the a nswers in
exercise 16 and try to answer the questions
using your own id ea s.
SHOPS AND SERVICES
31
HOW TO STUDY
~
SPEAKING EXAM
In the exam, you shouldn't need to th ink too hard
about how to form questions. Practise making different
kinds of questions, so that you can ask them easily.
~ 10 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
19 Your friend has sprained his or her ankle
and has to stay at home. You offer to go
sho pping for you r fri end.
• Agree a time when you will go shopping.
• Find o ut what t h in gs yo ur friend need s.
• Ask about pr ices.
• Discu ss wh ich sho ps you'll need to go to.
Answers on page 166
Picture-based discussion
30 minutes
20 Match the beginnings of sentences 1-5 ahout
shopping with the conclusions a-c.
I
2
3
4
5
Sho ps a ren 't o pe n for
Yo u ca n't see and touch the goods
Yo u ca n 't ask a sales assistant
Goods have the same guarantees
Goods are often more expensive
a
b
c
d
e
in sho ps and on websites.
o n a web sit e like you can in a sh o p.
in sh o ps than o n websites.
qu esti ons o n a web site.
as long as web sit es.
5 minutes
23 Look at the two photos, which show
different ways of shopping. Co m p a re and
contrast them, including the following
points:
ava ilab ility / o pe n ing hours
prices
• deliveries
• sta ff
guaran tees
Answers on page 166
EXAM TIP
Preparing for a speaking exam is different from
preparing for a writing exam . Pla nning is very im port ant
before w riting, but, in th e speaking exam, it's very
important to keep talking . Try and practise speaking
continuously for 3-5 minutes on the to pics that will be
featured in the exam .
21 Read the sentences in exercise 20 again and
write five more sentences with your own
ideas ahout shopping, technology and
modern life.
Example:
Most sho ps aren't open 24 hours a day.
22 Use the phrases below to complete the
sentences.
Compared to
Un like
If we co nsi der
The issue o f
I _ _ shops, web sites can be visite d 24 / 7.
2 _ _ webs ites, shops offer a more friendly
ex pe rience for t he custo me r.
3 _ _ the qu esti on of price, internet
sho pping is usually cheaper.
4 _ _ de live ries is more important with
web sit es, becau se all their goods have to be
deliv ered .
32
SHOPS AND SERVIC ES
Smart answer key on page 166
Smart answer key on page 166
SHOPS AND SERVICE S
33
Reading
~
25 minutes
EXAM TIP
Reme mber to mark a sente nce as
true only if it fully, and not only
1 Read the questions below and fin d answers to them in the
article in exercise 2. Try to do this within four minutes.
partly, matches the informat ion in
1 What secto r o f the Jap an ese m arket is the text about?
2 W hat grou p of cus to mers d o es it co ncern?
3 W hat m ak es this gro u p exceptio nal?
the text.
READING EXAM
~
15 minutes
2 Read the article a bout shopping trends in Ja p an, and d ecide which of se ntences
1-8 are true (T) and which are false (F), a c cord in g to the text.
BUSY LITTLE BUYERS
It's a typ ical Sunday afternoon at Tokyo's Girl Is
Girl store and cus tome rs crow d into thi s mecca of
ja pane se teen fashion. Ll-year-old Chihiro hold s
up a lem on yellow sh irt w ith hearts and stars and
says lon gingl y, 'This is so cute. The next time I'll
come wi th Mum .' Her two friends nod in
agreement.
C hih iro and her fri ends are no ordinary
shop pe rs; they are abo ut the only d ynamic
consumers left in the slug gish Japanese economy
Mark eters call them 'bubble juniors': the 9- to 14year-old dau ghters of japanese women who spent
lavi shly as ca ref ree twentysomethings during
jap an 's 'bubble' years of the 1980s. They are the
potential trendsett ers , like college girls in the
1980s and high-school girl s in the 1990s.
Since Japan entered its reces sion , th e retailclothing industry ha s been in a tailspin. Clothes
sales at jap an 's department stores have shru nk by
almos t 10% in th e last five year s. All th e
traditional market sectors - men's, women 's and
children's - have suffered. Only recently did
jap anese clothing lines aw aken to the purchasing j
power of the bubble juniors.
The girls are a unique and profitable nich e.
They d on't w an t to wear what's in the kid s'
section . Rather, they mix mature styles with bright
colours and child like frills . Last March an entire
floor of one of Tokyo's biggest fashi on sho pping
centres w as ren ovated to serve the jun ior girls.
Sales have since jumped 30%.
The m arke t expa ns ion is all th e more
impressive given that the target age group is
shrinking. While it may not be an endless supply
o f co ns u me r en ergy, thi s bright sp o t in th e
nati onal economy is enough to excite ev erybody
from clothing de signer s to magazine publishers.
J
_-----~----~--J
Total financial d ep enden ce on their parents
w ould seem to be a se rious strike aga ins t these
junior shop pers. But it's not a problem , say
anal ysts. A girl often has a fashionable mum and
two set s of doting grandpare nts. Bubble mums,
unlike those o f ea rlie r ge ne ra tions, a re
comfortable spe nding a fortune on ou tfits that
might be w orn for only one season.
Industr y insiders are betting that the bubblejunior craze can be exported elsewhe re in Asia. So
far th e signs look good . Nicola, a monthly
magazine that is the bible for bubble juni ors,
pr inted 10,000 copies of an issue in Shang ha i,
China, and im mediately sold out. The affluent
midd le class in China's coas tal cities offers more
yo ung cus tomers. Their increasing in teres t in
fashion and the culture in which the y take good
care of their children is promisin g.
Ad apted from Newsweek
--
1 ' Bu b ble ju niors' are a ll Japa nese children
fro m a certain age group. T / F
2 Young girls have been known to set fas h ion
trends in Japan before. T / F
3 Clot h es sa les in Ja p an have increased by
10% in recent yea rs. T / F
4 Japanese 9- to 14-year-ol d girls choose
clothes tha t give them a mature loo k . T / F
5 Analys ts estimate t h e number of 'bubble
juniors' in Jap an w ill shrink. T / F
6 Young girls ' m others today ar e less w illing
t han their grandparents to spen d on thei r
children's clothes. T / F
7 Nicola magazine se lls 10,000 copies ea ch
month. T / F
8 Ma rket t rends emerging in Ch in a are similar
to those in Japa n . T / F
Answers
34
SHOPS AND SERVICES
Smart answer key on page 166
Listening
3
40 minutes
lIr 07
Listen to the recording and ti ck which word o r
number yo u h ear in eac h ca se.
1 MET / M IT
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
June the 13t h / June th e 30th
Jo hn / joan / [an
GJX / JGX
F524 / FF24
34.99 / 39.49 / 34.49
0457 8834 / 0475 838 4 / 04 57 3384
VBVW / VBWV / VBBW
HOW TO STUDY
If you're working with a partner, ask each other about the info rmation
below. Make sure you ask questions correctly. W rite down what you hear
your partner say, and then compare notes. Ask each other to spell any
unfamiliar words .
9
date of birth
mother's birthday
phone number(s) and/o r email address
father's full name
the longest English word you know
the names of five English cities you know
the names of five international sportsmen and sportswomen you
know
~ 1S
LISTENING EXAM
S
Make sure yo u are goo d at w riting
down all the different kinds of
numbers and letters you might
possibly hear in the listening exam.
You don't want to make basic mistakes
and lose valuable points!
Use of English
4 If you're working with a partner, take turns to say one of
the words or numbers from exercise 3 and to say which
yo u h ear you r p artner sayin g .
a
b
c
d
e
f
EXAM TIP
m inutes
lIr 08 You will h ear a customer phoning to order some
goods from a com pa ny. Before you listen, read the order
form below carefully. Think a bou t the kind of words or
numbers you will need to write in the gaps.
25 minutes
6 Read the title of the article in
exercise 8 on page 36. Which
of the following sentences do
you th ink best summarises
what the article is going to be
about?
a Tea sales have reach ed record
levels in the UK, thanks to
global warming.
b The increase in the interest in
tea wor ldw ide is having an
effect on sales in the UK.
c In creasin g tempe rat ures
wor ldw ide are h aving a
n egati ve effect on sales of tea
in th e UK.
7 Read the a rticl e quickly.
An swer the following
questions.
1 What impact has global
warming had on the world?
2 How much tea did British
people consume annually in
199 7 and in 2002?
3 What d rinks are becom ing
m ore po pul ar?
4 Which three cou n tries are t he
b iggest co nsu mers of tea?
Order Form
Name : J£55icA
_
Address: 18
~ir.et ,
Post code :
_
===-_
Item ordered:
Colour:
E>ytord
_
Price: £
Free gift selected:
_
An sw e r5 on pag e 161
Smart answe r key on page 16 7
SHOPS AND SERVICES
35
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~ 15 minutes
8 Read the following article about tea consumption in
Britain . Fill in ea ch gap with one word o n ly to complete
the text.
Global Warming Hits UK Tea Sales
Global warming ha s '
blam ed for the h ole in the
ozone layer, h igher pollution and melting the ice caps now, it is bein g blame d for declining sales of th e Briti sh
national beverage.
In 2002, the average Brit d ran k 1,000 cups per yea r - or, 2.2
but sales were
kilograms of tea. Th is m ay soun d a a
down from 2.6 kilograms in 199 7. '
from the fact
that temperatures are risin g globally, more an d more tea
drinkers are turning '
co ffee whe n they fancy a
hot be verage. Sales of iced tea, S
, are on the rise,
and sales of healthy drink alternatives, '
as fruit
tea s, also con tin ue to grow.
though the Brits are look in g '
_
But 1
alternatives to the Great Brit ish Cup of Tea, they are still the
seco nd h ighest co nsu me rs of the drink in the wo rld. India is
the third biggest na tion of tea drinkers, an d Turkey is first.
Answers on page 167
~
ss minutes
11 You recently re turned from a
holiday organised by
SunTraveI. The h oliday was
not a success: you h ad a
number of problems. Write a
letter of complaint to
Cu stomer Services a t
Su n Travel, including the
fo llowin g information:
• brief details of the holiday
you booked
• a description of wha t wen t
wro ng
• an exp lana tio n of how this
affected you
• a req uest for co m pe nsa tion.
Wri te 200-250 words.
Answers on page 167
LANGUAGE TIP
Your form al lett ers w ill be more
effective if they con tain some m ore
com plex sentences. Practi se fo rm ing
sentences like this, using different
EXAM TIP
M ake sure you use only one wo rd fo r each space and never leave a space
em pty. You do n't lose points for giving a wro ng answer. Rem em ber, you
usua lly need g ram ma r wo rds in th e gaps.
Writing
7 5 minutes
linking words.
Speaking
45 minutes
Picture-based discussion
25 minutes
Writing a letter of complaint
9 Which of these problems do you think would be the worst
on a holiday? Why?
A lat e flight
B noisy hotel
WRITING EXAM
C dirty room
D guided tour cancelled
10 The foll o win g a re sentences about the holiday problems in
ex ercise 9. Use th e linking word in brackets to combine
each pair of sentences into one sentence.
lOur flight was dela yed by three hours. We didn 't receive an
exp lanation . (alth ough)
Alth ough
_
12 Look at this list of things to
co nsid er when you go
shopping. Decide whether they
are better in small local shops
or large supermarkets . Write
down you r re aso n s.
ch o ice of goods
customer servic e
parking
• transport lin ks
• securi ty
• fresh n ess of food
2 O ur h ot el room was never clean ed during our stay. We were
ext remely sur prised. (because)
____ beca use
_
3 The guided to ur of the hi storic city cen tre was can celled. It
was ve ry di sappointing. (th at)
_
_ _ _ _ that
4 We cou ld hear cars an d bu ses all night. We becam e terribly
tired . (because)
____ because
_
Now m a tc h each sentence to a problem A-D above.
36
SHOPS AND SERVICES
Smart answer key on page 167
4 A If shops are ope n on Su ndays, sh op
assistants sh ould get anothe r day off eac h
week.
B Probably. But, on the ot he r hand, if .. .
5 A It's less stressfu l to do your shopping if
you've got mo re time to do it.
B You're right. But does this mea n ...
6 A Sun day open ing is profitable.
B I see. Co uld yo u tell me a bit more
abo ut ...
13 Look at these sentences which people said
about the list in exercise 12. Eac h sentence
contains a mistake. Ca n you find and correct
the mistakes?
I By m y opi nion, super markets offer an
exce llen t range of di fferen t goo ds to ch oose
fro m.
2 I th in k h ow supermarkets h ave too many
products on the ir she lves .
3 What do I wa nt with twe n ty kinds of
washi ng powder - on ly I ha ve one wash ing
machi n e.
4 It's m uc h bett er to be choice when you are
shopping - there are so man y deliciou s foods
in the wo rld and I don't want to mi ss any.
14 Choose from the linking words below to
com p lete the sen tences.
and • alth oug h
despite • becaus e
1 _ _ our superm arket is rather a long way
fro m our h ou se, there's a frequent bu s
service.
2 Our local sh op sells most things I n eed,
_ _ you don 't h ave to worr y about
parkin g.
3 Th ey sho uld ha ve secur ity guards in our
supermarket car park _ _ th ere are people
tr yin g to stea l fro m ca rs in it.
4 _ _ all their ad verti sem ents, I don't really
th ink our supe rm arket is really very good
va lue for money.
SPEAKING EXAM
HOW TO STUDY
Practise d iff erent ways of respond ing to your part ner's
argume nts. Look at the Spea king Bank on page 128 to
find more useful phrases and expressions.
,
SPEAKING EXAM
.. 10 minutes
17 Read the following statement, and decide
if you agree or disagree with it. Th en
prepare arguments to support you r views.
Shop s sh ould n ot be op en o n Sundays .
Discuss the sta tem en t with a partner,
responding to any counter-arguments they
have.
Answers on page 168
.. 5 minutes
15 The two photos show different kinds of
shop. Co m p a re and contrast the pictures.
How a re they different in terms of what
they offer the customer?
An"iiwers on page 168
EXAM TIP
When yo u' re looking at two pho tos, think of as many
differences as you can, to give you ideas about w hat to
say.
Debate
20 minutes
16 Read the followi ng mini-di alogues and
co m p lete the missing responses.
A Th e wee kend should be spe n t with the
fam ily.
B Th at's true , but ...
2 A People who work can 't do th eir sh opping
on wee kdays if sh ops close early.
B Well, I agree to some exten t - h owever, ...
3 A Sh opping is a for m of en terta in me n t.
B I' m no t sure I agree with th at becau se ...
Smart answer key on page 168
SHOPS AND SERVICES
37
Reading
~ 35 m inutes
1 Read the first paragraph of the
text in exercise 4 qu ickly.
Don 't fill in the gaps yet.
Which heading below, A or B,
do you think would match the
paragraph?
READING EXAM
4 Read the fo llowing extract fro m a book about En glish
people. Five sentences have been removed fro m the text.
Fill in ga ps 1- 5 w ith th e m issing sentences from A- F. Th ere
is one extra sentence that won't fit any gaps .
A A view from a helicopter
B How the English live
(1)
If you look from a helicopter at any English town,
you will see that the residential areas consist almost
entirely of rows of small boxes , each with its own
little patch of green. ' _ _ The princ iple, however,
will be clear: the English all want to live in their own
private houses with their own private garde ns.
(2)
What you cannot see from your helicopter, you
will learn as soon as you try to visit an English home.
' _ _ Some humorists claim this is the result of 'a
conspiracy to mislead foreigners ', pointing out that
our streets are never straight, every time a street
2 Match the following headings
to each of the paragraphs 2-5 .
A A maze of streets
B A hidden artist in every
Englishman
C No such number
0 The nation of nest builders
3 Read the following extracts
from the text. Circle the words
that the underlined words refer
to in each extract 1-3 below.
lOur neighbours were from
Argentina. Their two litt le
daughters were th e nices t
children I've ever seen .
2 We decided to put the house
up for saie. The price we set
wasn't high, so we soon
found somebody interested in
buying it.
3 She was born in the country
and spent her chil dhood in a
small quiet village. She
considered it the ha pp iest
period in her life. That was
the reason why she always
dreamed of buying a sma ll
house and moving away from
London.
EXAM TIP
Missing sentences always refer to w hat
comes before or after each gap.
Underline the words in each missing
sentence and in the text w hich help
yo u choose the righ t sentence. When
bends , it is given a different name , there are at least
60 confusing synonyms for 'street', and the
numbe ring of the houses is hopelessly illogical.
(3)
The house numbers are at least as well
camo uflaged as the street names. ' __ One taxidriver explained : 'An Englishman's home is his
castle , right? We can 't act ually have massive walls
around it, but we can make it difficult to get to.'
(4)
The Englishman's ho me is much more than just
his castle; it is also his identity and his prime
obsession. ' _ _ The mania for home improvements
is widespread . Research shows that only 2% of
English males and 12% of females have never done
any Do-lt-Yourself.
(5)
Working on home improvemen ts is an
opportunity to exercise our creative talents. ' _ _
Although it may sometimes be an economic
necessity, we see the arrangement, furn ishing and
decorating of our homes as an expression of our
unique personal taste.
you have completed the text, check
that the extra sentence doesn't fit any
of the gaps.
38
HOME
Smart answer key on page 168
~ 1S minutes
Listening
... 15 minutes
A You may h ave its add ress
and a map , but you will
have great di fficu lty in
find ing the h ou se yo u are
lookin g for.
S Loo k at the info rmat ion in the table in exercise 6. For ea ch
item 1-7, decide w h ic h of the number s A-H are definitel y
wrong. Think about what so rt of in formation you 're trying to
match.
B Or at least that's h ow we
like to think of it.
LISTENING EXAM
e
Th is is an unwritten rule
of home ow ne rsh ip a nd
the moving-in ritua l.
D They are either h idden , or
even not there at all.
E In better-off areas, these
boxes will be fur ther
apa rt, an d the green
patches attached to th em
will be larger.
F Th is is why a hou se is not
some th ing you just
passively ' have', it is
some th ing yo u co nsta n tly
'work on' .
~ 10
minutes
6 '" 09 First read the information below. You a re go ing to hear
a yo u n g college student talking about the places he's lived
in. Match the information in column A to the right numbers
in column B. There is one number that yo u ca n't match to
a ny information.
A
B
1 th e distance of the village where the speaker was
born from the capita l, in kilo metres
2 th e age of the speake r whe n hi s brother was born
3 th e size of the family flat in the capital, in
square metres
4 th e number of bed rooms in the famil y flat in
the cap ital
5 the year the spea ker wen t to school
6 th e number of stude n ts in the spea ker's first
school class
7 th e number of studen ts the speaker first sha red a
flat with at co llege
A
3
B
C
2
20
1988
4
2003
68
38
o
E
F
G
H
Answers on page 168
EXAM TIP
In this type of task, the best thing to d o as you' re waiting for the recording to
start is to qu ickly read through the items and to eliminate all the op tions that
are d efinitely w rong for each item A-H . This way yo u'll have few er answ ers to
choose from .
Use of English
... 20 minutes
7 Read the description in exercise 8 on page 40. Don't fill in any
ga ps yet. Com p lete the inventory of Miss Stoner's room with
the missing information.
BEDROOM
piece of furn itu re
nu mb er of item s
..(:'ire..place.
z
Answers on page 168
Smart answer key on page 168
HOME
39
~
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
10 minutes
8 Read part of a Sherlock Holmes story.
Ch oose the be st option: a, b, c, o r d, to fill
the gaps in the text.
A small side door ' _ _ into the wh ite was hed corridor fro m wh ich the th ree
bedrooms opened. We a_ _ at o nce to the
one in which Miss Stone r was no w slee ping,
and in w hich her sister ' _ _ wit h her fate. It
was a cosy little room, wit h a lo w ' _ _ an d
a gaping firepl ace, the sty le of old co un try
ho uses. A brown chest of d rawers stood in
one corner, a narrow bed in
5_
_
,
and a
d ressing table o n the left-h and side of the
window. These articles, wit h two sm all
wickerwork chairs, ' _ _ all the fu rnit ure in
the room, save for a sq ua re of Wilton ca rpe t
in th e centre. Ho lmes dr ew o ne of the ch airs
in to a co rner and sat in ' _ _ r wh ile his eyes
travelled ro und and rou n d and up and do wn,
taking ' _ _ eve ry detail of the apart me nt.
1 a
b
c
d
carried
led
gu ide d
took
5 a
b
c
d
o t he r
another
seco n d
the secon d
2 a
b
c
d
arr ive d
en tered
reached
passed
6 a
b
c
d
m ad e u p
lined up
put up
took up
3 a
b
c
d
wa s
h ad
was
will
7 a
b
c
d
silen t
silence
quietl y
silen t ly
8 a
b
c
d
in
on
through
up
m et
met
meeting
m eet
4 a floor
b ceiling
c window
d wa lls
Answers on page 169
EXAM TIPS
Whe n you read t he text for the first time, igno re th e
gaps, and just try to get a general sense of what it is
abou t.
Writing
Writing an email
.... 110
minutes
~ 40 minutes
9 Ca n yo u find a nd correct the si x mistakes in
this pa ra gr aph ?
I t hi nk t he best place in wor ld is the hi sto ric
town of Bu ry St Edm un ds. I kn o w this town too
we ll because it 's where I am bo rn . It's bea utifu l
town, and there's a ma rket eve ry week - visito rs
came fro m everyw here . The local people is
friendl y.
10 Rea d the exam task in exercise 12 carefu lly.
Then lo ok a t the paragrap h in exercise 9
aga in. As a n answer to the exam ta sk, does it
co n tain a ll t h e req ui red information?
11 Use yo ur own idea s to complete this text.
As far as I'm concerned, the best place in t he
wo rld is called
_
This wonderful
is situate d
_
How do I know about it? Well, for o n e thing, 1
_ __ _ . I can recommend it to an yo ne
becau se of
_
~
WRITING EXAM
20 minutes
12 You see t h is announcem e nt on the
Internet. Write an email reply in 40-50
words.
•
THE BEST PLACE IN THE WORLD:
where is it?
Email us a nd tel l us w hy t he place
w he re yo u live, or a not he r pla ce
yo u know w e ll, is th e best pla ce in
the wo rld .
We w a nt to know:
• w ha t it 's ca lled
• w he re it is
• ho w yo u know abo ut it
• w hy yo u recomme nd it.
Always check yo ur a nswers to make sure they fit
logically as well as grammatically.
Answers on page 169
EXAM TIP
Fifty words isn't very long for a text, particularly if you
are required to includ e a nu mber of pieces of
inform at ion . It 's im portant to practise w rit ing relevant
and accurate sente nces so that you can produce
suitable short tex ts in th e exam.
40
HOM E
Smart answ er key on page 169
Writing an informal letter
Speaking
~ 70 minutes
13 Look at the instructions for exercise 16. Make notes under the
following headings a b ou t your town. Write at least three ideas
in each group.
Places to visit
Activities to do
Food and drink
to try
... 65 minute s
Situational role-play
... 2 5 minutes
17 Look at what advice some
people gave about choosing
a n area to live in. Match
the first part of ea ch
sentence 1-4 with the
seco n d part A-D .
1 Being near a h otel isn 't so
important
2 It 's ni ce to h ave a friendly
resta ura nt nearb y
3 You shou ld find out
4 It's good to be nea r the
sh ops
If you're working w it h a partner, discuss you r ideas together.
14 Put the words into the co rrec t order to make sentences with
gaps at th e en d of ea ch one.
lOne really p lace is visit m us t you _ _ .
2 I goi ng suggest to a lso _ _ .
3 As for sure I'm activities , en joy you'd _ _ .
4 Anothe r to interesting is do thing _ _ .
5 When hungry you feel, forget don't eat to _ _ .
6 A drin k ca lled love is you'll _ _ .
15 Use you r ideas from exercise 13 to complete the sentences in
ex ercise 14 .
~ 50
WRITING EXAM
minutes
16 Read part of a letter you have received from your penfriend
abroad. Write a reply in about 200 words.
50 I'm r'cClllj 10 0 b V1') fOr'WClr'd
t~
GOm'V1.') to jOur' GOUV1tr'j - f;V1Cl11l But ,t 5
50 5Cld tl,.,Clt I'm GOm;V1.') WI,.,CV1 JOU Clr'C
ClWCll AV1jWClj) GClV1 JOU tclI mc . WI,.,Clt
plClGC5 I 51,.,ould .')0 to) WI,.,Clt fi,.,'V1.')5 I
51,.,ould do) ClV1d WI,.,Clt tl,.,;V1.')5 I 51,.,ould CClt
ClV1d dr' ;V1IL?
Answers on page 169
EXAM TIP
When preparing and planning to write letters, pay attention to all the
required relevant inform ation. Make sure you use an appropriate style for the
reader of your letter.
Smart answer key on page 169
A if you sudden ly rea lise
you need b read .
B for times whe n yo u do n 't
wa nt to cook.
C what spo rts you can do in
t he area.
D if you h ave your own
home .
18 Here are some more
opinions a bou t where to
live. Ch oos e the co rrect
alternativ e: A o r B, to
complete each se n te n ce .
1 In m y op in ion, _ _ is
the m ost im portant th in g.
A living near yo ur school
B your h ome n ear you r
school
2 If yo u live in a flat or on ly
h ave a sm ali garde n, _ _
to live close to a park.
A it 's almost im portant
B it 's q uite importa n t
3 Perso na liy, _ _ bein g
nea r a cine ma is very
import ant beca use you
can watch DVDs at home.
A I'm n ot thinki ng
B I don 't t h ink
4 What do you th in k abo ut
the im portance _ _ n ear
resta ur ants?
A to live
B of livin g
5 How im por tan t are sports
facilities from your _ _ ?
A poin t of view
B opinion
HOM E
41
~
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
19 Your friend and his/her family are moving
home soon. You have agreed to give them
advice about choosing a new place to live.
Discuss the points below with your friend,
and decide which two are most important.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
shops
sports facilities
restaurants
hotel
cinema
schools
park
22 Think about jobs. Make two lists under these
headings. Write at lea st five jobs for each
group.
Job s in the cou n try
Job s in the city
Which jobs do you think are better? Why?
23 Use words fro m the list below to complete
this paragraph.
find • pr efer • lives • ti red • looking
Answers on page 169
EXAM TIP
As somebody who ' _ _ and wo rks in th e city,
I always z_ _ to go into the cou ntryside for
my h olidays. When I'm 3 _ _ of the noise, the
traffic, and th e stress, I iove to ' _ _ peace and
quiet . I en joy s _ _ at the su nset an d breathing
the clean air.
If someone tells you their opin ion, it's better to respond
to it first before saying your own idea. Practise ways of
SPEAKING EXAM
doing this, using:
• Oh really!
• Do you?
• That's interesting.
• I see what you mean.
You can find similar useful phrases in the Speaking Bank
on page 128.
Picture-based discussion
~ 40 minutes
20 Co m p lete this text by writing one word in
each gap.
Actuall y n either ' _ _ these pictures is very
similar to the pla ce where I live. My home is in
th e subur bs of a large city, so it 's more green
a_ _ th e city centre. It's also less crowded and
more peaceful. However, it's 3 _ _ as quiet or
as gree n as the real countryside. ' _ _ fact ,
these da ys, the 'real' cou n tryside s _ _
di sappearing fast, as the population continues
' _ _ increase. ' _ _ addition, people want
larger and larger houses, and these of course
require more land to be built a_ _ .
~
10 minutes
24 Look at the two photos on page 43. One
shows the countryside and the other shows
the city. Compare and contrast them.
• Which one is more similar to where you
live?
• How are people's lives different in the
countryside?
• Are job opportunities different in the city
and countryside?
• Where would you prefer to spend your
holidays, the city or countryside?
Answers on page 170
EXAM TIP
Sometimes, especially if you are feeling nervous, you
may feel stuck for ideas in the exam. If this happens,
don 't panic. Instead, im agin e w hat op inions othe r
people that you know well (family, friends) might have
about the subject. Then you can express these opinions.
21 Use your own ideas to make complete
sentences.
I People who live in the city ha ve more
2 If you live in the coun try, you' re more
3 There's more
4 You feel more
42
HOME
in cities.
in the countryside.
Smart answer key on page 169
Smart answer key on page 170
HOME
43
Reading
... 30 minutes
---
1 Read the title of the text in exercise 2 . Then choose the right answer to
the question.
What is the article about?
a Young people studying art and the architecture of old buildings.
b Students living in places that used to serve other purposes.
c Stylists who give advice to students on how to convert old places.
READING EXAM
2 Read the b r ochure on four d ifferent student resi dences i n t h e USA.
Decide which of the places A-D is desc ribed i n each sen tence 1-9.
The Art of Living in Style
Converted spaces and older places lend style to student living
efore you go to the nearest Huge
Apartment Megaplex to find your living
space for the next semester. let it be
known that there are alternatives. With a littl e
patience and time to search around Tucson' s
historic downtown and university areas. you may
be able to find an older residence that makes up
in style for what it lacks in modern conveniences.
a place that had been many. many thi ngs before
it became a place for you to call home.
Lauren Benz and her four room-mates live in
Studio Apartme nts. in the mostly commercial
downtown area . Their loft-style apartment. which
has been a graphic desig n stud io and a
recording stud io, has a few problems other
apartments don't. There is no heating system.
no centra l cooling system, no reside ntial garbage
service, no mail serv ice and no parking. But the
benefits of living in their apartment are
numerous. The open architecture has allowed
the room-mates to host parties with up to 600
guests, with space left over to allow bands to
perform.
Henry Elect ric Apartme nts is another
converted space . A former electric store opened
in 1935, the buildi ng was divided into four
separate apartments two years ago.
The contractors that renovated the building
left the original, polished, concrete floors, while
B
44
HOME
insta lling industrial-looking stee l walls to the
main room and recycled pool ti les to the
bathroom . They also left the original Henry
Electric sign out fro nt , which can invite some
confused visitors to the property. Residents have
come out of their bedrooms to find elder ly men
browsing through their belongings , looking for
electrical suppl ies .
Rincon Apartments, located on North Sixth
Avenue and East University Boulevard, are older
apartments that boast the kind of early 20th
century architecture one won't find in brand new
places. 'It's the very first apartment building
built in Tucson. It was built in 1908,' said owner
and manager Margaret Sokser. 'The historic
bUilding has seventeen units in it,' she said,
noting that over the years, there has been a fair
mix of student and non-student residents. Each
apartment has wooden floors, high ceilings and
a fireplace .
Another apartme nt build ing in the univers ity
area, the Castle Apartm ents, on the corner of
North Euclid Avenue and East Adam Street, was
a hospital, tuberculosis sanitarium , nursing
home, convent and vacatio n lodge befo re
becoming an apartment building. The building,
which was originally built in 1906, has thirty-two
apartments and is mostl y occupied by
upperclassmen and graduate students, according
Smart answer key on page 170
Listening
EXAM TIP
Before you read the text, try to predict what it is about
from the title and the exam task items. Read the task
items carefully to know w hat inform ation you' re going to
be looking for in the text. Scan the text quickly to find
the information. Try not to spend too much time reading
the text slow ly again and again from beginning to end.
20 minutes
3 Read the instructions a n d sen tences 1-7 in
exercise 5 carefully. Ch oose the be st option:
a, b, or c, to com p lete the following
statements about the text.
1 The text yo u are going to hea r is abo ut
a wha t doctors do in Austra lia.
b life in a remote place .
c the Internet .
... 20 minutes
2 The outback is
a a part of the country far away from cities .
b a n ew syste m for teaching ch ildren .
c a m ed ical emergency centre.
4 Read se n t en ces 1-7 in exercise 5 again, and
decide w h ich of the following topics are
likely (.f) to be discussed in the record in g,
and which a ren't likel y (X).
En te rt ain me n t 0
Sh op ping 0
Med ica l care 0
LISTENING EXAM
to owner Kathy Busch. Castle res ide nt Becky
Blacher said living in a s mall complex owned by
one pe rson instead of a company made it
poss ible for her to have an a rt s how the re.
'Kathy was really excited .' s he said about
talking to he r landlord in preparation for the
show. 'She 's so cool. What ot her landlord
wo uld let you put holes in ce ment walls?'
Blacher sai d.
A
B
C
D
St udio Apartments
Henry Electric Apart me n ts
Rin con Apartments
Castle Apartments
Whic h reside nce is it?
1 It on ly provides th e most essen tia l
co nven iences. 0
2 It was o riginally designed to serve as a
residen tial prop erty. 0
3 It used to se rve healthcar e purposes. 0
4 It is unusuall y spac io us. 0
5 It h as the biggest numbers of apartments
to let . 0
6 It is so me times mi staken for a sh op. 0
7 It was used by musicians. 0
8 It was o n ly co nverted in to apa rt me nts a
short time ago. 0
9 The peo ple who live the re seem to h ave
goo d relati onships with the owne r. 0
Educa tion 0
Distances between people 0
Industry 0
~
10 minutes
S ~ 10 First read se n tenc es 1-7 bel ow. You
a re going to hear pa rt of a radio
programme. Decide which of the se n tences
a re true (T), and which are false (F),
ac co rd in g to the recording .
1 Some people in the out back live over 100
kilometres aw ay from their nearest
neighbours. T I F
2 Everybo dy in the outback h as at least a
telephone to keep in touch wit h t he
wo rld . T I F
3 In an emergency, doct ors use jeeps to get
to the pat ien t. T I F
4 It does n 't take th e doct ors m ore than
n inety m inutes to get to any place in t he
ou tbac k. T I F
5 The re are o nly th irteen doct or s for
150,000 peopl e. T I F
6 Ch ildren living in the ou tback do not go
to school at all. T I F
7 The ch ildren in the outback ca n
co m m unicate wit h their teac hers by twoway radi o an d pos t . T I F
An sw er s on page 170
EXAM TIPS
Before you listen to th e recordin g, read the instruction
and the true/false sentences carefully to find out what
the text will be about. If the text contains words you
don't know, try to guess the ir meanin g from the context.
If there is no information in the recording that confirms
that a sentence is true, it should be marked as false.
Answers on page 170
Smart answer key on page 170
HOME
45
Use of English
40 minutes
6 Which sen tence is correct :
A or B? In the wrong
sen te n ce, d elet e the extra
word that you d on 't need.
1 A I get on very well with
m y cousin.
B I get on th e bus with
just outside my h ous e.
4 A I thin k a good sense of
humour is more
important th an what
someone looks like.
B Altho ug h I like how he
looks like, I think h e's
very borin g to talk to.
5 A My aunt who is my
favourite relat ive an d
h er cooking is
fantastic.
B There's a castle ne ar
whe re I was born,
wh ich is a fascina ting
building .
7 Put a, the, or - (no article)
in each gap.
1 _ _ populati on of _ _
USA is 250 milli on .
2 _ _ m ost interestin g
person I know is _ _ m y
friend Tomas.
3 _ _ people are _ _
same all ove r _ _ wo rld .
4 _ _ pollution is
threatening _ _ future
of _ _ earth.
5 I love _ _ life an d I lov e
being in _ _ love.
46
HOM E
minutes
8 In many lines o f the following text there is one wrong word,
which should not be there. Find the wrong word, cro ss it out
and write it at the end of the line. Some lines are co rrec t .
Tick (,I) the correct lines. There are two examples at the
beginning.
o
-:!---.1!/L
In many ways, the history of architecture is the hisfory
00 of fhe rnatenals used lljl in the construction process. Early
1 houses there were built out of mud , wood, stones. These were
2 freely available everywhere and the people could use them quite
2 A My au n t gro ws up her
own vegetables.
B My un cle grew up in a
small villag e in the
mountains.
3 A I en joy watc hing it
football, but I am no
good at pla ying it .
B I like listening to
m usic, but I can't play
any .
~ 20
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
3 easily. Gradually, buildings started to becoming more and more
4 ambitious. We are all familiar with pictures of the Egyptian
5 pyramids, for example, or in Greek temples. These buildings resulted
6 from the desire to go beyond natu re and create a new human
7 world. The invention of glass it made a great difference, particularly
8 in cold countries, but because it meant you could have light
9 without getting too cold. Today, all sorts of plastics are so being
10 used. But in the future, who knows? Let's wait for and see !
Answers on page 171
EXAM TIP
To understand if a wo rd is a w rong extra wo rd or not, you often need to read
the whole sentence and think carefully about its meaning.
Writing
80 minutes
Writing a student magazine article
9 Th in k of differ ent ways to complete these sentences about
you r town. When yo u h ave decided on the best wa y, write
yo u r answers in the sp aces.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Some people live in
_
_
The majori ty of people live in
The wor st kind of h ou sin g is
_
Probably the wo rst problem with h ou sin g is
Another diffi cult p robl em is
_
_
Th e mo st urgent thing to do is
_
10 Think about your ideal house - the house you'd most like to
live in.
o
o
o
Im agin e where it would be .
Wh at wo uld yo u see from the windows?
Wh at wo u ld it be like inside?
How many rooms wo uld it h ave?
Try to draw this house, Ca n you write a sh ort description of
you r house?
11 Co m p lete this sentence in as many ways as you ca n.
In 20 years' time, I expec t that h ou ses
_
Smart answ er key on page 170
WRITING EXAM
~ 60 minutes
12 Write an article for a student magazine
about the housing situation in your area or
city. Co nsid er the following:
•
•
•
•
d ifferent types of h ou ses an d flats
what problems the re are rega rding housin g
what improvements sho uld be mad e
how you thi nk housing will develop in th e
future.
Write a bou t 25 0 words.
~ 10 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
1S Look at the table below. It shows data
about the time men and women in the
USA spend on the housework. Discuss the
information.
• How do yo u think these American
sta tistics com pare to the situa tion in yo ur
ow n coun try/in yo ur own family?
• Wh at do you thin k abo ut this?
• W ha t ot h er issues may be involved?
Women cla im to do:
6 7%
Women claim men do:
33%
When you see the points that your w riting text needs to
Men claim to do:
42%
deal with, think of sentence structures that will be
Men claim wome n do:
58%
suitable for presenting your ideas.
Women actua lly do:
6 1%
Men actually do:
39%
An sw ers o n pag e 17 1
EXAM TIP
Speaking
Statistics-based discussion
40 minutes
30 minutes
13 Make sentences that compare these things.
1 your city / London
2 th e temperature now / last month
3 your English h omework / your Maths
homework
4 you r last h oliday / your n ext holiday
1995:
Hours women spent on housework:
30
Hours men spent on housework:
4 .9
Now:
Hours women spend on hous ework:
17.5
Hours men spend on housework:
10
14 Look at the information contained in the
table in exercise 15. Co m p lete this paragraph
about the information using words and
numbers from the list below.
suppose • 67% • stra nges t • 39% •
surprising
10
sur prtsed > seems
I'm ' _ _ to see that men in the USA do z_ _
of th e h ou sewor k. It ' _ _ q uite a h igh figur e,
com pa red to men in my co un try. But I ' _ _ it
dep ends on what you call h ous ewor k. I do n't
th in k it's s_ _ that both men and wo me n
claim to do more than th ey really do - for
example, •_ _ compared to 61%. The ' _ _
th ing is that men now do ' _ _ hours - tw ice
as m uch as th ey used to do.
HOW TO STUDY
Answers on page 171
Debate
SPEAKING EXAM
newspaper or a business magazine or on the web and
find one or two graphs. Write some sentences about the
information in the graphs.
~ 10 minutes
16 Co nsid er the information in exercise 15.
Then read the following statement from a
book published in the 1940s. Do yo u agree
or disagree? Prepare arguments to support
yo ur opinion . Discuss the issue with your
partner, responding to their counter-
arguments.
Women should be in charge o f hou sework
and raising ch ild ren, as men are responsible
for ea rn ing a good salary to sup po rt the ir
families.
Answel'5 on page 111
You can practise describing and comparing data w ith
any graph or table you find . Look in your local
10 minutes
EXAM TI P
In the debate task, don't be upset if your partner or the
examin er disagrees w ith everything you say. In the
exam, it doesn't matter who 's right or wrong . It's their
job to use counter-arguments so you can show how
we ll you can respond to them.
Smart answer key on pa ge 17 1
HOME
47
Reading
35 minutes
1 Find the fo llowing words in
the article in exercise 3,
then write a short
d efinition for them in
En glish .
co louration
2 m at riarch al
3 ran ge
4 cu bs
5 lifespan
6 lay
READING EXAM
3 Read the text below on animals living in Ca n ad a , and then
m atch questions 1-6 to each of the three a n imals.
I
2 Read the text in exercise 3
and answer the qu estion s.
I What do killer whales
look like?
2 Wh ere do they live?
3 What is the social
st ruct ure of t h eir
co m m un it y?
4 How do th ey hunt?
5 How big are Can ad ian
bear s?
6 What do th ey feed on?
7 What are th eir social
relati onships?
8 Wh ere do Ca nada geese
spe n d the win te r?
9 What are th eir social
relations h ips?
10 What is the result of the
pro tec ti ve policy towards
the geese?
EXAM TIP
First read the text quickly to get a
general sense of what it's about.
Then read the questions carefully
to make sure you understa nd
them.
Before you mark your choice, read
the text again quickly to check it's
really the best answer. There is
only one correct answer here.
48
NATURE
KILLER WHALES
These mammals are absolutely beautiful. T hey have a vcry
distin ctive black-and -white co louratio n . O ver 6 00 killer whales live
alo ng British Co lumbia's coastline. They make lip so me of the
most co mplex co mm unities we have seen in mammals. They
always travel in gro ups called pods. T here arc between five and
t hirty an im als in each pod. The whales live and t ravel with their
mothers even after the y arc fully-grown, formin g stro ng ly
matriarch al wha le societies. O ver its lifetime, th e gro up will never
separate and a female will always act as the leader of the gro up.
Killer whale s arc very successful hunters d ue to their cooperat ive
h unt ing, where all animals within the pod participate .
Female killer whales usually give birth every three to ten years.
Killer whales have no natural pred at o rs (they arc the top predators
of the ocean s) and can live for abou t fifty to eighty years. They are
no t co nsidered endangered .
BLACK AND RARE WHITE BEARS
Along th e coas t of Briti sh Colum bia also lives a po pulation of
between 120,000 and 160,000 black bears. Ad ult male black bears
ran ge fr om about 130 to 190 cen timetres in len gth and 60 to 300
kilog ram s in weig ht.
T he bears arc ge ne rally vege ta rian . Their diet consists of roots,
berries, n uts, fish, insects and sometimes other ani mals.
Fem ale black bears become mature at the age o f three and
usually give birt h to two or three cubs . C ubs rem ain wit h th eir
mothers fo r a year and a half. Conseque ntly, the most often that
female black bears can give birth is every two years. An amaz ing
fact about so me black bears is that they can produce beautiful
bears tha t arc white in co lo ur!
Except for fem ales with cubs, black bears spend most of the ir
time alo ne. D uring th e breeding seaso n, a male and fem ale may
remain to gether for several da ys at a rime . T heir life expec ta ncy in
th eir natural enviro nment is tw enty to twen ty· five years.
The Canad ian Governme nt realises that th ese black and white
bears arc ver y spe cial. As a result, so me ste ps have been taken to
pro tect them . Fo r example, there is a law that pre vents people
fro m hunting the bears.
Smart answer k.ey on page 171
.... 20 minutes
Listening
~ 40 minutes
-----
4 Read these pairs of sentences. In each case,
d ecide if sentences A and B have the same or
di fferent meanings.
1 A
B
2 A
B
There have been phone calls all day.
We've had phone calls th roug ho ut the day.
I think it will be sunny tomorrow.
I expect there will be a lot of su n
tomor row.
3 A Room s in the hotel cost at least $100.
B Th e hotel ch arges no more than $100 per
CANADA GEESE
room .
""\.
4 A Some flights sti ll ha ve seats available.
B There are still seats ava ilable on all flight s.
Canada geese can be seen and heard in many
arcas of British Columbia. T hey usua lly stay till
Nove m ber o r December before Hying so ut h for
the winter in search of warme r climates.
Canada gccse have black heads, tails, necks and
feet and white feathers o n their heads. Th eir
lifespan is quite lon g, rang ing from twe nty to
thi rty years. Whi le Canada geese tend to
produ ce yo ung at th e early age of three,
females are known to reproduce up to th e age
of twenty, laying four to seven egg s each
spring.
Canada geese have ver y stro ng family
relations . In fact , both parents tend to their
yo ung for nearly a year. Families stay toget her
until the tim e co mes to return to th e breed ing
areas. It is only at thi s time that th e geese mu st
go their separate ways. Because Canada geese
are a national sym bo l, it is illegal to harm th em
in an y way. This po licy has actually resulted in
an o verpopul ation of th e bird s. For example, in
Vancouver, British Colum bia, it is no t
un common to see a famil y of Canada geese
walking around o n a high way!
S Where the sentences in exercise 4 have
different meanings, underline the word or
words that make the meaning different.
6 In each set of words, d ecide which word is
the 'o dd one out' - with a different meaning
from the other two . Give reasons.
1
2
3
4
5
LISTENING EXAM
~
----;
Smart answer key on page 171
~
~
15 minutes
7 " 11 You will hear a radio weather
forecast. First, read through the notes
below. As you listen, check if the notes
describe the forecast accurately. Correct the
wrong notes. You will only need to change
one word or number in each case.
WEATHER FORECAST
North ern region
I snow expected in the even in g
2 strong winds throughout the da y
3 some trains cancelled after 10 p.m .
Southern region
4 light rain throughout the day
5 temperatures between lOoC and 12°C
6 cold wind blowing from the east
A killer whale
B black bear
C Canada goose
Whi ch of the an ima ls:
1 has the longest average lifespan? D
2 can be ob served in two different colour
varieties? D
3 produces their young the most oft en? D
4 does not h ave st rong social instincts? D
5 is not protected by law? D
6 can be seen in populated areas? D
stopped • cancelled • cha n ged
expected • predi cted • kn ow n
cold • mild • ch illy
main • strong • fierce
better · dif ferent • im proved
"
Answers on page 172
EXAM TIP
Remember that what you hear a nd what yo u read often
use different wo rds and phras es wit h th e same
meanings. Practise understanding and using different
ways of expressing the same meanings.
Answers on page 171
NATU RE
49
Use of English
.... 30 minutes
8 Firs t read the text in exercise 9 (don't fill in
the gaps yet) . Then complete the fac tfile with
the missing information .
ORANG-UTAN FACTFllE
Class of animal
lives in
Typical colour
1 a everywhere
b widespread
c worldwide
2 a it
b that
c wh ich
3 a exclusively
bone
c the only
4 a because
b the reason for
c why
5 a
b
c
6 a
b
c
7 a
b
c
8 a
b
c
in credibly
invariably
impossibly
in
between
at
like
as
suc h as
up to
totally
heavi er than
Answers on page 172
Meaning of name
10 Ch eck your answers to exercise 9. Now
Behavioural
characteristics
choose the best word from the list below to
add a n extra wrong answer to each item in
exercise 9. Think a bout why or how it is the
wrong answer.
wha t • the logic of • th an • uniq ue •
global • mo re
aro u nd . impressively
Favourite food
EXAM TIP
If you have doubts about which answer is right, try
checking which answers are definit ely wro ng. Also think
about how the answers are different from one another.
Weight and size
toddler
When you've chosen an answer, read the w hole sentence
adult
again to check it makes sense with the chosen word.
Writing
Writing a leaflet
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~ 15 minutes
9 Fill gaps 1-8 using the best option: a, b, or
c, to com p lete the text.
The Red Apes of Borneo
Almost everybody in the wo rld has heard o f
orang-utans. These tree-climbing primates
have been glamorised by th e media, appeared
in Hollywood and can be seen in most zoos
1_ _ • The 'orang-u tan ', 2 _
_
Inean s 'Man
of the Forest' in Malay, is the largest treeliving mammal and 3 _ _ great ape in Asia.
It isn't hard to understand •_ _ the Malays
call this primate 'orang-utan'. The orang-utan
is s _ _ human in behaviour - gentle,
curious and playful - they live ' _ _ the vast
tropical forests and, un der ideal conditio ns,
roam the forests in search of widely di stributed foo d sources suc h as fruit s, plants
an d insects. The same size 7 _ _ a human
baby when it is a to dd ler, an ora ng -uta n can
weigh ' _ _ 90 kilog rams upon reac hi ng
adulthood. Unfortunately, not many do.
50
NATURE
100 minutes
~ 30 minutes
11 Co mplete this text by w ri ting one word in
each ga p.
Here's 1 _ _ I do ab out recycling. I put all my
newspapers, magazin es, old envelopes _ a_ _
fact, all my pap er - to one side, and recycle it,
along 3 _ _ all the bottles th at become em pty
•_ _ the week. I take m y pri nter cartr idges to
a sho p round ' _ _ corner, wh ere th ey co llect
them. It's ' _ _ mu ch, I kn ow, but I think
every littl e thing cou nts.
12 What word is missing from each gap in these
sentences?
1 If yo u don't d rive to the shops, you 'll use
less _ _ .
2 If yo u walk to the shops, you 'll get valuable
3 If you recycle paper, fewer _ _ will be cut
down.
4 There'lI be less air _ _ if people bu y
electric cars.
What grammar structure is used in these
sentences?
Smart answer key on page 172
~
WRITING EXAM
30 minutes
13 A leaflet is going to be given to everybody
in your neighbou rhood. Th e aim is to
encourage eve ryb ody to recycl e. Write the
text for the leaflet, including the following
points:
suggest what th ings people sho uld recycle
• ex pla in h ow to recycle
• say h ow the environ me nt will be h elp ed .
Write 40-50 words.
Answers on page 172
~
WRITING EXAM
50 minutes
16 Write a letter to an international magazine
about protecting the environment in your
country. Include the following
information:
wh at threat s to the environment there are
in your cou ntry
• wha t you reco m me nd people should do
• wh at you think will happen to the
env iron me n t in the future.
Write 150-200 words.
Answers on page 173
LANGUAGE TIP
When you wa nt to recom men d o r encourage people to
do somet hing, yo u should explain t he advantages of
do ing it. One way to present this inf orm ation is by
following t he exa mples in exe rcise 12.
Writing a formal letter
~ 70 minutes
14 Put the und erlined wo rds into the correct
order to ma ke sentences about the
environment.
1 believe On e th ing im portant I is that there
should be new gove rn me n t legislati on .
2 words other In, we need new and to ugher
laws to sto p pollution.
3 the ti me At same , gree n practices should be
rewarded .
4 simple On e can not avoide d be fact: we are
causing grea t damage to our wo rld .
S are Th ere to two argument sides any , an d
bo th sho uld be considere d care fully.
6 do n't If a to day we solution find, the
problem will o n ly be worse tomorrow.
15 Rew rite t hese sen tences in the passive.
1 We sh ould in crease the am ount o f recycling.
_
The amoun t of
2 They sh ou ld pass n ew laws.
New laws
_
3 We are destroying valua ble forests.
Valua ble
_
4 We will da mage air quality forever.
S We can make real improvem ents.
Smar t answer key o n pag e 172
LANGUAGE TIP
Passive verbs a re ofte n used whe n form a l letters are
w ritte n, so make sure yo u feel confident abo ut how
th ey are form ed and used.
Speaking
Situational role-play
~ 90 minutes
40 minutes
17 Look at these two questions:
1 Do you ha ve a big fam ily?
2 How big is your family?
Which one is a 'closed' q uestio n a nd w h ich
o ne is 'o pe n '? W h ic h of th e fo llow ing
answ ers goes w it h w hi ch q uesti on?
a Qu ite big - I've got four brothers an d siste rs.
b Yes.
18 Rewrite each of these closed questi o ns as an
open question.
1 Are there any env iro nmental problem s
whe re you live?
Wha t
2 Do yo u recycle useful materials?
Wha t
3 Do yo u th in k we can reduce po llut ion?
How
?
?
?
4 Do your frien ds feel th e same way as you
abo ut environ me nta l issues?
How
?
S Will the future be worse than the present?
How
?
NATURE
51
19 Each of these sen te nces con ta ins a n erro r.
Ca n yo u find it a n d correct it?
I I feel ho pi ng about the future.
2 We have to be realism - so me po llutio n is
inevitable.
3 If we live here on th is earth, we are
responsi ble to its con ditio n.
4 How really ma tters is education - tellin g
peopl e how to reduce pollution .
5 In my op in io n, th e real issue a re eco no mics.
SPEAKING EXAM
~ 10 minutes
20 You are a reporter for a student magazine,
finding out about people's attitudes to the
enviro n m e n t. Ask yo ur partner:
• what environme ntal probl em s h e or she
knows about where you live
• how he or she wou ld im prove the
environmental situatio n in the wo rld an d
discuss his or her reaso ns .
Answen on page 173
EXAM TIP
23 Do yo u think zoos a re good and useful
places, or p riso ns fo r a n imals? Write tw o
sen tences in favour of zoos, a n d two
sen tences against them , o r, if yo u're working
wi th a partner, d iscuss you r opi n ions.
24 What's t he most popular kind of pe t in yo ur
cou n try? How many people d o yo u know
t hat ha ve pets? Wr ite a short paragraph
giving yo ur o p inion a bou t p et s.
~ 10 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
25 Look at the two photos of birds on page
53. Co m p a re and contrast them. Co ns id er:
• captivity and freedom
zoos
pets
protecting endangered species.
Answers on page 173
EXAM TIP
Ifyo u find yourself unfortunately unable to thi nk of
w hat to say in the speaking exam - pe rhaps be cause
you are nervou s - t hen you can exp ress opinions w hich
In a discussion, try to avoid 'closed' qu estion s, and ask
are not your own opinions.
'open' questions - question s that your partner needs to
answer fully, not just Yes or No.
Picture-based discussion
~ 50 minutes
21 Ch oose fro m these words to complete t he
sen te nces be low.
compared • attractive • contrast • no ticea ble
to the first one, th e second
picture seems m uc h better.
2 It's more
in th e seco n d one that
freedom is important.
3 The
between th e two is very
stro ng.
4 The seco nd offers a far more
_
alte rna tive.
I
22 Co m p lete this te xt by writ in g o ne word in
each gap.
Somethi ng I find really interestin g is ,
_
way that bi rds seem to be moving away from
the countryside and in to the city. I've lived in
the city 2
about ten yea rs, and th e
nu mber of bi rds in my sma ll garde n and alo ng
my st reet '
increased conside rably in
this time. Appare n tly, it h appens '
a
n u m ber o f reasons. Farmers use a lot of
che m icals a nd th ese can kill birds, as well as the
bird s eat.
insects and small an imals 5
Also, the rubbish in cities, espec ially take-away
food, is, '
effect, a 24-ho u r free
restaurant for birds.
52
NATURE
Smart an swer key on page 173
Smart answer key on page 173
NATURE
53
----
HIGHER LEVEL
Reading
40 minutes
1 Read the article in exercise
2. Which statement 1-5
below is a summary of
which paragraph A-E?
I Andalas was the first
Sumatran rh ino born in a
zoo in more than a
century.
2 It's a difficult task to
encourage rhinos to breed
in capt ivity.
3 The zoo is going to study
Andalas' development to
learn more about rhinos .
4 The mother received
hormone treatment to
help her give birth, after a
number of failed attempts.
5 Sumatran rhinos are
facing extinction and
their numbers are falling
rapidly.
EXAM TIPS
First read the whole article quickly
to understand the main ideas.
Then try to sum marise w hat each
paragraph is about. Now read the
missing sentences carefully, and
decide which paragraph they may
be connected to. When you have
fin ished, read the text again
quickiy to check that your answers
fit in logically.
~ 25
READING EXAM
minutes
2 Read the article about Sumatran rhinos, an endangered
sp eci es. Five sen tences have been re m oved from the text.
Choose fro m sentences a-f to fill gaps 1-5 to complete the
text. There is one sentence t hat yo u 're not going to n eed.
RARE BU NDLE
(AI Survival of newborns becomes even more critical when the
race is on in the battle against extinction . With a 60%
pop ulation decli ne in the last 10 years, Sumatran rhinoceroses
number fewer than 300 today. '
The main reason is
that its ho rns are prized for med icine . Despite co nservation
measures like natur e reserves, the rhin o's count co nt inues to
decrease.
On Sept ember 13, 200 1, hope arrived in a 33-kilogram
bundle : Anda las was delivered at Ohio's Cincinnati Zoo - the
first birth in ca ptivity in 112 years! '
The birth of th is
rare animal offers scientists unprecedented dat a on the growth
and reproduction of the spec ies.
(C)
Em i, Anda las's mother, had miscarr ied within the fi rst three
(B)
months in five previous pregnancies. 'So met imes, wh en animal s
miscarry at an ea rly stage, it's becau se of a hormon e deficien cy,'
says animal reproductive physiologist, Terri Roth, at the
Cincinnati Zoo . '
So Roth immed iately began feeding
Emi dai ly doses of progesteron e (a hormone esse ntial to
pregnancy) injected into bread . Emi fed on the suppleme nt for
46 5 days. Ten days later, Anda las arrived. 'We ca n't say if that's
what did it,' Roth says. ' But it certainly seems so.'
(D) Perhaps the biggest scientific challenge is to get Sumatran
rhinos to breed . •
Usually, a bull (the male) seeks out a
cow (the female) only when he detects a scent signalling she's
prepared to mate . But when the fem ale isn't recept ive, there can
be a lot of aggression amon g the sexes. Breeding ce ntres
estab lished nea r or in the reserves have yet to produce a
successful pregnancy.
(E)
The zoo estimates Andalas willreach maturity in five years,
and it has plans to document carefully the ca lf's physical and
behavioural growth - includin g regula r plaster casts of his
w idening hoofs.
5
Sumatra n rhi nos are so elusive
they're counted by hoof prints. ' It's exc iting,' says Roth. 'O ne
birth can change so much about what we know.'
a In the w ild, t hese rh inos are ex tremely solitary.
b The dat a could h elp rh in o census-takers t rack and protect
calves in the wild .
c Believed to h ave first appeared on Eart h two m illio n years
ago, the mamma l n ow faces t he constan t threat of poach ers
in the forests of Indonesia and Ma lay sia.
d Wit h its life span of about 30 years, the Sumatran variety is
the smallest of five rhin o species.
e Bu t raising t he number of rhinos in captivit y to 16 isn't t he
bo y calf's only ach ievement.
f Dur ing the six t h attempt, ultrasou n d detected the pregnancy
16 days after mating.
Answers on page 173
54
NATURE
Smart answer key on page 173
Listening
. . 3S minutes
3 Match words 1-6 to their definitions a-g. There is
one definition that you don't need.
1
2
3
4
5
6
in command
reef
spill
sea- otters
plankton
blame
a consider someone responsible
b small, furry animals that live in
water and eat fish
c rocks, sand and coral at or near
the sea surface
d tiny plants and animals that
live in the water
e in a position of authority; in
charge
f in a situation that's impossible
to control
g liquid that has flowed out of its
container
LISTENING EXAM
~ 25 minutes
4 . , 12 Listen to an account of an environmental
disaster that happened in the 1980s. Choose the
correct option(s) to complete each sentence 1-8.
At least one of the options is always correct, and
sometimes both options may be correct! Listen
twice, and circle a, or b, or both a and b.
1 Captain Hazelwood
a commanded a ship named after an oil
company and the port of Valdez, Alaska.
b owned an oil tanker called Exxan Valdez.
2 Late night on 24 March 1989, the captain
a left his third officer in charge of the sh ip.
b returned to his cabin because he wanted to do
some paperwork.
3 A little after midnight, the ship
a arrived at a port called Bligh Reef.
b collided with some rocks in the water.
4 Fifty million litres of oil
a spilt into the sea.
b was being transported by the Exxan Valdez.
5 The clean-up operation
a was delayed by a storm that had damaged the
rescue ship.
b started fifteen hours after the first report of the
accident.
6 The oil spill from the Exxan Valdez
a was cleaned up within the first two days after
the disaster.
b caused millions of animals and fish to die.
7 The fact that 25% of the plankton in the sea was
destroyed meant
a that many animals and fish died because they
had nothing to eat.
b that 4,800 square kilometres of sea was covered
in oil.
8 The Exxan Valdez disaster
a was one of the first huge oil spills in history.
b was the captain's fault.
EXAM TIP
Remember that information in the task items
and in the recording may be expressed using
d ifferent wo rds with the same meaning. Before
you listen, quickly read the statements or
questions and try to think of other ways of
saying the same things.
Use of English
. . 30 minutes
S Look at the ten verbs in brackets in
exercise 6 quickly, then write down all
the appropriate forms, as in the
example below. Check that you have
spelt each form correctly.
Example:
to-infinitive
Past Simple
Past Perfect
-ing form
Passive
BLAME
to blame
blamed
had blamed
blaming
be blamed
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~ 20 minutes
6 Read the text abou t climate change,
then choose the correct form of the
verbs in brackets to fill the gaps.
Global warming may be ' _ _
(BLAME) for recent heatwaves and
deadly storms. But at least our plants
have been 2 _ _ (ENJOY) the weather.
According to a study a_ _ (PUBLISH)
last week, regional climate changes
over the past two decades ' _ _
(INSPIRE) a 6% in crease in p lant
growth arou nd the world .
Rising temperatures, increased rainfall
and decreased cloud cover have all
s_ _ (PLAY) a part. The 80s and the
90s were two of the warmest decades
on record and during this period the
vegetation in its ecosystem ' _ _
(FLOURISH). In the Amazon, decreased
cloud cover allowed more sunlight
' _ _ (REACH) plants; in India,
monsoon-dependent trees , _ _
(BENEFIT) from increased rainfall.
Despite these positive effects, climate
change could well s _ _ (CAST) a
shadow on plant life in the long term.
Scientists argue that continued growth
could disrupt fragile ecosystems that
have W _ _ (BE) in place for
thousands of years.
Answers on page 174
An sw er s on p ag e 173
Smart answer key o n page 173
NATURE
55
EXAM TIP
WRITING EXAM
This typ e of Use of English task tests your knowledge of
verb forms. Make sure yo u know how to form regular
verbs and can recognise irregular verbs. You have to
learn the forms of the m ost common irregu lar verbs by
heart .
Writing
80 minutes
Writing a discursive essay
7 Look at the essay task in exercise 10. Where
would yo u put notes a-f in the outline plan
below?
a
b
c
d
e
f
bu sinesses need resources
tran sport req uireme n ts
close down polluting factori es
profits need to be con trolled
run publicity cam paign
grow ing dem and for consu me r goo ds
..
60 minutes
10 Write an essa y of 200-250 words about
environmental issu es. In yo u r essay,
consider the following aspects:
current threats to th e environ me n t
• th e relati onsh ip of bu siness issues and the
env ironment
• any actio n t ha t you believe sho uld be
taken.
Give reasons for you r ideas.
Answers on page 114
EXAM TIP
Remember that discursive essays don't have 'right' or
'wrong' poin ts. The examiners are interested to see how
we ll you can use English to make an argumen t.
Speaking
65 minutes
curren t threat s to the enviro n me n t
Picture-based discussion
2 th e relati onship of business issues and th e
environ ment
3 an y ac tio n that you believe should be tak en
8 Read these sentences. Think what words
might fit into the gaps. Then choose words
from underneath to complete the sentences.
The _ _ seve re threat to th e env iron me nt
co mes fro m ai r travel.
2 In the past, business an d en viro n me ntal
_ _ have always been in _ _ to each
other.
3 We cannot delay action an y _ _ - steps
have to be taken.
4 One of the _ _ probl em s is th at man y
people do n ot realise h ow bad the situa tion
_ _ is.
fu rt he r
actua lly
most • issues
main • oppos itio n
9 Do you agree or disagree with the ideas in
exercise 8? Why?
25 minutes
11 Look at the two photos on page 57. Put the
words in these sentences about the photos
into the correct order.
1 On the man-made of one an hand, there's
damage image.
2 On the the we can other, see hy damage
nature caused.
3 Of even this cou ld fire person started been
a by course, have.
4 Th e question who is the planet has
responsibility for.
5 We sho u ld more children of our terms in
of ourselves than think.
12 Fill in the gaps with a word from the list
below to complete the sentences.
am biguous
conne cted
nervous
curious ·
frightening
1 Lookin g at th is picture makes me feel
_ _ _ _ _ abo ut the fut ure .
2 This image shows a very
_
pros pect.
3 The message here is
_
4 Th ese two images a re qui te closely
5 Thi s picture m akes me
what will h appen to thi s land .
_
to kno w
HOW TO STUDY
You canno t know in advance w hat pictu res you w ill
have to talk abo ut in the exam . But yo u ca n prep are
useful language in advance, such as phrases for
com paring and contrasting.
56
NATURE
Smart answer key on page 174
SPEAKING EXAM
~
10 minutes
13 Look at the two photos. One shows a forest
being cleared, the other a forest fire .
Compare and contrast the pictures,
discussing the environmental and natural
issues they raise.
Answers on page 174
Debate
40 minutes
14 Read the foll owing id eas . Then look at the
statement in exercise 16 . Which ideas do you
think are for and which are against animal
testing? Put the ideas in the correct groups.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
new vaccines aga ins t fatal diseases
allergic reac tions to cosme tics
medi cal experimen ts on humans
the treatment of laboratory animals
th e life of a person or th e life of an animal
cost co nside rations
learning m ore about human a natomy
usin g animals for food, clothin g, etc.
Fo r
Against
Try to add a few more ideas of your own to
each group.
15 Now expand the ideas from exercise 14 into
co n v in cln g arguments. Write a sentence that
explains how each idea is co nnected to the
issue of animal testing.
SPEAKING EXAM
~
10 minutes
16 Read the following statement . Do you
agree or disagree? Prepare argumen ts to
support yo ur views. Then discuss the issu e
with your partner, responding to their
counter-arguments.
Animal testing is immoral and unnecessary,
and it sh ould be banned .
Answers on page 175
EXAM TIP
If you don't know the exact wo rd for something in
English, try to use words that you do know to explain
wha t you mean. Giving examp les may also help to
ill ustrate what you want to say. You 're not tested on
how m uch vocabu lary you remembe r, but on how
good your communication skills are.
Smart answe r key on page 174
NATU RE
57
Reading
~ 35 minutes
-------
1 Read the text in exerci se 4
quickly to find out what it
is ab o ut. Choose the best
ti tl e for the tex t .
1 There is no success
wit hou t effo rt
2 How to do yo ur
h omewo rk wit h out effort
3 How to become a pe rfect
st ude nt
READING EXAM
~ 15 minutes
4 Rea d this leaflet giving a d vi ce on doing your h omework.
Match headings A-I to paragraphs 1-8. There is one headi ng
yo u will not need to use.
o
It's possible to get your homework done even if you have a busy
schedule - if you decide in advance what you have to do. On
Sunday or Monday, jot down your activities for the upcoming
week in a notebook and then include a time for homework for
each day.
2 Read p ara gra p hs 1-3 in the
text carefull y. Ch oose the
co rrec t answer: a, b or c.
1 What is pa rag raph 1
abo ut?
a Th e ne cess ity to plan
yo u r wor k.
b The best place to do
homework.
c Creating the best
wo rking co n diti o ns .
2 W h at is paragraph 2
about?
a Buying sch ool
material s.
b Making notes.
c Keeping your papers in
o rde r.
3 What do es paragraph 3
te ll yo u ?
a When to do
homewo rk.
b Where to do it .
c Ho w to do it.
3 Now read paragraphs 4-8.
Underline each sentence
that co n ta in s a piece of
advice.
Buy a folder for each of your classes. Divide it into three
sections: notes, homework, and tests. Always put papers in the
correct section.
e
e
e
o
Forget about doing your homework in front of the TV. Find a
quiet place that's well-lit, where you can concentrate without
getting distracted .
You won't get any work done if you're hungry. Your brain needs
energy to work effectively! Drink plenty of water, and snack on
some fruit or cookies to get more strength.
Begin with your best subject. Your success will give you a
feeling of satisfaction thatwill help you deal with your weaker
subjects later.
If you've started your Science homework, finish it! Don 't leave
one part of your homework unfinished to start another - you
may not remember all those Chemistry formulas when you
come back.
Take at least a five-minute break when you fe el tired . The rest
will re-energise you so you'll be able to finish your work.
Homework is rarely an exciting thing to do. But it's your lop
priority, and you have to getit done. Accepting this fact wili help
you deal with homework effectively.
HOW TO STUDY
If you study on your own, work
with a watc h. Check the time limi t
for each task. Make sure yo u don 't
go over the time limit, but
remembe r to complete each task
carefully.
A Start strong
B Complete eac h ta sk
C Plan ah ead
o Eat for energy
E Just do it!
F Keep t hings in order
G Talk to an expe rt
H Take a break
I Find the right place
Answers on page 17S
58
SCHOOL
Smart answ er key on page 175
Listening
~
30 minutes
5 Which one is different from the other two?
How is it different?
I
2
3
4
5
6 Can yo u find and correc t t h e grammatical
er ror in each se ntence?
I
I'm sure yo u're go ing to ha ve grea t time
wit h us here at Westfo rd Co llege.
2 Yo u 'll be in class ev ery morning of during
th e week.
3 It's im po rt ant to m ake use wit h the SelfAccess Cen t re.
4 Th e t rip'S alwa ys very popular, as don't
forget to sign u p early!
..
ENGLISH SUMMER COURSE
I
Classes h eld from 9 .15 to
Monday to Th urs day
_
2 Self-Access Cen tre open till
_
3 For Internet PCs, book at
4 For London trip, rese rve place befor e
5
En trance to Food an d Drink Festi val
is
_
6 Bring passpor t to get stude n t
_
An sw er s o n pag e 17S
Each yea r thousands of yo ung people _ _
from British universities.
a grade
b grad uate
c grad ua tio n
3 Stu de n ts wh o are _ _ taiented in certa in
field s can foll ow an individual cur ricuiu m.
a except io n
b except io nal
c exceptionall y
4 Quite a few st ude n ts in the area su ffer fro m
seve re soc ial and eco n o mic _ _ .
a adva ntages
b d isadva n tages
c advantageous
7 ~ 13 You will hear a teacher talking to a
WESTFORD COLLEGE:
40 minutes
2 Mo st _ _ in sti tu ti ons in Fra nc e are
financed by the sta te .
a educ ate
b edu cat io n
c ed ucatio n al
1S m inutes
g ro u p of students who have just arrived at
Westford Co llege, UK, for an En glish
summer course . Before you listen, read
through the notes below. As yo u listen,
complete the notes.
~
8 Read the sentences and ch oose the best
option: a, b, or c .
I
eleve n forty-five quarter to tw elve
twelve fift een
n oon twelve ten midday
pay boo k reserve
befor e no lat er than during
free in expensive n o charge
LISTENING EXAM
Use of English
9 Use a word ending (su ffix) fro m the list to
fo rm the required word for each of 1- 8. In
some cases, more than one a n sw er m ig h t be
possible. Watch out for the co rrect spelling.
-ise • -abl e • -(at )ion • -(i)ty • -ly • -ness •
-ful • -en • -men t • -less • -al •
-ance/ence • -in g • -ed
I wide (ad jective) -7
2 create (verb) -7
3
4
5
6
7
8
dark (ad jective) -7
ad just (ver b) -7
resource (no un) -7
full (ad ject ive) -7
refu se (verb) -7
popul ar (ad ject ive) -7
(verb)
(no un)
(nou n)
(ad ject ive)
(ad ject ive)
(adverb)
(no un)
(verb)
Now write an example with ea ch suffix yo u
didn't use.
10 Ch a nge the b egin n in g of ea ch of the
following words, using the right prefi x, to
fo rm the opposite of the word.
happy • behave • like • understand •
polite • co mplete • do • agr ee • co rrect •
possibl e
EXAM TIP
Don't try to understand every single word that you
hear. Focus your atte ntion on the information you need
in order to be able to answer the questions in the exam .
Smart answer key on page 175
SCHOOL
S9
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~ 1S minutes
11 Read the text about education in Bri tai n .
Co m p lete the gaps w ith the best form of
the word in brackets. There may be some
words that you don't have to change.
In Britain , '
(EDUCATE) is
compu lso ry between the ages of 5 and 16. At
the age of five, ch ild ren sta rt primary school.
Th en, at th e age of eleve n , they begin their
seco n dary ed uca tion . Mo st children go to
sta te sch ools, and only ab out 7% '
_
(ATTEND) fee-paying private sch ools.
A sch ool year is divided into th ree terms.
,
(NEAR) all sch ools work a five-day
week an d they are closed on Saturdays. Th e
day starts at nine an d finishes between three
and four. Th ere is a lunch break which
usually last s abo ut an hour and a quarter.
A'
(TYPE) timetable includes
Eng lish, Science, Maths , History, Geography,
Art, Mu sic, Physica l Education and foreign
languages. A lot of schools offer a ran ge of
aft er-school .;
(ACTIVE) such as
ch oir, drama, and t rip s to '
_
(INTEREST) places.
Young people are ex pected to sh ow respect
for their teachers and obey sch ool ru les.
Students who 7
(BEHAVE) risk being
exclude d from school.
Th e main exams are GCSEs (school-leaving
exam s at 16), and A-levels (u niversity
entrance exams at 18). Un ivers ity students
,
(GRADUATE) after completing
their first degr ee, usually in three years. Many
st ude n ts then co n tin ue their studies for a
Mast er's d egree, or a PhD.
Writing
~ 115
Writing an invitation ~
minutes
4S minutes
12 The Present Simple is used to describe the
future when the future is ' t im eta b led '.
Read sentences 1-6. They a re all about fu ture
events . Is the future event ' t im eta b led'? If t h e
future even t is 'ti m etab le d', then rewrite t he
sentence using the Present Simple .
1
2
3
4
5
6
My flight is leavin g at 10.15 on Frida y.
My aunt is co ming to stay with us.
My aunt is arri ving o n t he 12.00 tr ain .
My exam is going to be on the 18th .
Th e electio n is takin g pla ce o n May 3rd.
It 's go ing to rain to morrow afte rnoo n .
13 Read the instructions to exercise 14 on page
61 carefully. Then read the invitation below,
and decide if t h e writer has included all the
req u ire d information . Tick the appropriate
box .
Yes
No
1 when
0
0
2 where
0
0
3 wh at occasion / reaso n
4 wha t food and d rin k
~
0
0
-
0
0
Answers on page 176
EXAM TIP
First decide what part of speech th e missing word
sho uld be (verb, noun , adjective, etc.), then think about
what d ifferent forms there are of the words that you' re
given.
Plea"e come 10 Ihe I'lludenl,,' Union BUilding
(234 We"lgale Lane) and ioin Ihe party.
T~~ fun "!arl,, al 8 p.m, on Friday 19 Hay.
(xc"mg quez, greal mu"ic and dance liIIlale
All "'uden'" are welcome.
.
Be there or be squer'e...
60
SCHOOl
Smart answer key on pag e 176
WRITING EXAM
~
20 minutes
14 A group of foreign exchange students are
coming to visit your school. You have been
asked to organise a welcome party for their
arrival next Friday. Write a short invitation
(40-50 words), and include the following
information:
• wh en the party will take place (date and
tim e)
whe re the party will be
• what the occasion /reason for the party is
wh at food and drink will be available,
Answers on page 176
When you w rite sho rt texts (like an invitation, for
exampl e) that provide information, it's very important
that you make sure you include all the necessary details .
~ 70 minutes
15 Match the two parts of sentences, 1-5 and
a-e, to m ake p o in ts about motivation for
studying a t school.
1
2
3
4
5
Not getting enough slee p
Set yourself realistic targets
Don't try to do you r homework
Do exe rcise every day
If you eat a balanced diet,
a
b
c
d
e
for doing homework,
to in crease yo ur energy levels.
you 'll feel more awake.
when you' re tired .
can ma ke yo u feel uninterested.
16 Match the two parts of sentences, 1-5 and
a- d , to make suggestions about what to
study. Two answers are possible in each case.
1
2
3
4
5
Why don't yo u try
Have you cons ide red
I think you sh ould
What ab out
On e idea wo uld be to
a
b
c
d
Histor y?
do science sub jects.
taking Busin ess Stud ies?
choose lan gua ges.
50 minutes
18 Here is part of a letter you have received
from your penfriend Sam:
So :r.'/>1 really conf'used.
:r. can't See the f'O"nt 01'
stay;"3 at school. E don't
See/>1 to be />1a.(;"3 />1uch
f'rOjreSS. i: F-nd ;t d;.f'F-cult
to .f'eel />106vated. Also, th;s
/>1onth coe have to chooSe
what SUtVects u.Je w;11
study at advanCed level. You
EXAM TIP
Writing an informal letter
~
WRITING EXAM
can chooSe three, but L
have no ;dea what to
chooSe, or whether to stay
at school at all
Write a reply to Sam,
• telling him about ways to improve
motivation
suggesting sub jects for him to study
• explaining the benefits of staying at
school.
Write about 150-180 words.
Answers on page 176
EXAM TIP
Think carefully about the grammatical structures to use
when you 're planning what to write. How you present
your ideas is as important as what you r ideas are.
17 Ch oose a topic and use the expressions from
exercise 16 to write suggestions.
• what sport to sta rt
• what to stu dy at university
• whe re to go on h oliday
Smart answ er key on pag e 176
SCHOOL
61
Speaking
Situational role-play ..
... 70 minutes
35 minutes
Picture-based discussion
22 Look at the two photos: A a n d H on page 63.
Read these sentences, and decide if the
sentence describes A, H, or both.
19 Each of these sentences about practising
English contains a mistake. Ca n you find the
mistakes and correct them?
I
2
3
4
S
I
Wat ching DVDs good because you can sto p
a nd rep eat to check the meaning.
Ma ny tourist s are native spea kers of Eng lish ,
so yo u getti ng authen tic prac tice.
When you read newspa pe rs, yo u can make
your ti me and use a d ict ionary.
Your frien ds are grea t to talk to so you have
thi n gs in co mmon .
Cha t rooms h elp because it 's speaking but
typ ed because yo u can understand it.
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
20 Look at these sentences comparing ways of
practising En g lish. What words are missing?
Choose words from the box below to fill the
gaps .
3
4
S
There are abo ut half a dozen stude n ts in the
clas s.
The teacher's at the front o f the cla ss.
The teach er's handing o ut so m e work.
The stude nts look ve ry in terested .
One st udent seems to be slee ping .
The students seem to be from diffe ren t
coun tries.
One st ude nt seems to find the wo rk ve ry
dif ficult .
You can see a ni ce garde n in the
background .
Th e teac he r's quite a yo ung woman.
Th e tea ch er's as king the stude nts a qu esti on.
23 Co m p lete these se n ten ces by writing one
word in each gap .
1 Watching DVDs is easier _ _
2
35 minutes
rea ding
news papers.
Tourists speak _ _ better Eng lish than yo ur
frien ds do .
The typed English in chat rooms is a _ _
clearer than speakin g.
Read ing newspap ers is t he _ _ serio us way
of practi sing English .
Your frien ds laug h if yo u ma ke _ _ ma ny
m istakes in Eng lish .
I'm af raid that photo A is _ _ like my
school than phot o B!
2 I guess that the te acher in phot o A is giving
th em a Maths test _ _ do.
3 I don't kn o w, but I su ppose photo B shows
_ _ sum me r school.
4 I th ink that the students in photo Bare
older _ _ t he ones in photo A.
HOW TO STUDY
If yo u pract ise alone, you can record your answ ers on a
lo t • too • m ost • than • much
tape. Then listen to the recording and check that you
have
answered all the questions
SPEAKING EXAM
.. 10 minutes
• used the correct tense
• used the correct phrases for spec ulating.
Correct your mistakes, then try the task again.
21 You and your partner have been asked by
your teacher to recommend the best ways
for improving your English outside classes.
Look at this list of possible activities.
Discuss them, and decide which two you
wou ld most recommend.
• watching DVDs
• talking to tourists
• reading n ewspapers
talk ing to frie nds
• using Internet chat roo ms
,
SPEAKING EXAM
5 minutes
24 Look at the two photos of classrooms on
page 63. Compare and contrast the two
lessons.
•
•
•
Answers on page 176
•
What are the studen ts doing?
What is the teacher doing?
Ho w do yo u think the stude n ts mi ght be
feelin g?
Which phot o reminds yo u of lessons at
yo ur school? Why?
EXAM TIP
Answers on page 171
If you feel you can't think of anything to say about one
thing in a list, start comparing it with another thing in
the list: that way, you're guaranteed to have something
to say.
62
SCHOOL
LANGUAGE TIP
Remember that you should usually use the Present
Simple and Present Continuous tenses when describing
photos. Make sure you practise using them correctly.
Smart answer key on page 176
Smart answer key on page 177
SCHOOL
63
Reading
30 minutes
1 Read the article in exer ci se 4
quickly to find out what it
is about. Ch o o se the best
su mma ry for t he text.
A pa rticu lar ed u ca tio n al
ins ti tu tion in New York.
2 C ha n ges in th e Am erica n
sys tem of ed uca tio n .
3 Prob le m s that yo u n g
America ns face w it h
ga ining qu alifications.
READING EXAM
.. 15 minutes
4 Read this article about an American school. Four extracts a re
missing from the text. Complete the text with t h e missing
extracts from options A-E below. There is one extract yo u
will not n eed to use.
I
2 Re ad parag rap h 1 carefully.
Ch o o se the b est answer: a ,
b , or c. W hat is the
parag raph about?
a T h e sc hoo l building lo oks
frig h ten ing.
b T h e stu d en ts w h o attend
Man hatta n C a m p make
fri ends th ere.
c Ma n h atta n Ca m p is not
what it se ems at fir st
sigh t.
3 Now read p a ra g r a p hs 2-5
a n d summarise e ach
paragraph in a single
sentence.
EXAM TIP
First read the whole text quickly to
get a ge ne ral idea of what it's
about. Then read each paragraph
more carefully to decide what its
main focus is. This w ill help you
find th e right mi ssing sentence
that fits the context.
America 's First N ight H igh School by Retta
Blaney, Current No.6 1992 . © Mary Glasgow
Maga zines/Scho lastic. Reprint ed by perm ission
o f Mary Glasgow Magazin es.
64
SCHOOL
AMERICA'S FIRST NIGHT
HIGH SCHOOL
The first impressions are rath er menac ing. Visito rs must s ign in and s how
identification before being allowe d into the building. ' _ _ But w hat a
deceptive first impression! Manh attan Comprehen sive Night High Sc hool
may be the friendliest, most ca ring inst itution in all of New York City. A
sc hool of last resort for many of its students, it is their best chance to turn
their lives around , and make friends in the proc ess. Manhattan Comp, as
it's called, is the first full-time night high sc hool in America.
High school is compulsory until the age of s ixte e n in Am erica, but many
students drop out, either before or afte r they reach sixteen , and before
re ce iving th e ir high s c hool diplomas. Until now, night educa tion
programm es for dropout s only provided the basics and then aw arde d an
equ ivalen cy certific ate . ' _ _ The stude nts rec eive an ac ade mic
diploma, which th ey say is more helpful in getting a job than an
equivalency certificate. More than sixty per ce nt of Manh attan Cornp's
st udents go on to college .
Most of the sc hool's 450 students have either bee n expelled from or
dropped out of othe r high s chools. Some have bee n in two or thre e
school s before this one.
What seems to make this s chool work for thes e hard-to- pla ce stude nts
is the staff and, most importa ntly, the principal. All the stude nts call him
Howard. a_ _ The institution is his own cre ation. He designed and
opened it in 1989.
Most students at Manhattan Comp are between eighteen and twe ntytwo yea rs old. Yo u must be at least seventeen to en rol Iin regu lar day high
schools, students are usu ally between fourtee n and eightee n years old).
The class es run from 5 to 11 p.rn., Mondays th rough Thurs days, with allday enric hment programmes on Sunda ys w hich explore topics like
playwriting, art and video production. •_ _ Most students alread y have
some academic cred its from previous sc hools, s o instead of the normal
four years in high s chool, they s pe nd, on average, between s ix months
and two yea rs at Manhatta n Comp.
A School t erms ar e ten wee ks long, w h ic h gives stu d en ts the
opportunit y to take time off for famil y matters o r jo bs.
B The community coord in ato r h e lp s st u de n ts w rite resumes
and find jobs, a n d has eve n brought in clothes for stu de n ts
so they ca n dres s up for in terviews .
C As h e walks th rough th e building, h e g reets students by
name, ask s about th eir fa m ilies or jobs and jokes w ith them
about the la ck o f va rie ty in th e sc hool ca feteria .
D Su ch light sec u rity gives o ne th e fee ling of en te ri ng a p rison
or some other d an gerous pla ce .
E But now, Manhattan Cam p o ffers th e total high sc h ool
ex perie nce, com p le te w ith a ' lunch ' break, physical
education and clubs.
An swers on page 177
Sma rt answer key o n page 177
Listening
2S minutes
S Read t he instruction to
exercise 8 , a n d a nswer the
questions.
Ho w many peop le are yo u
going to hear ?
2 W ha t will they be tal king
abo u t?
6 W hich of the argumen ts
bel o w are for, and w h ic h
are against wearing sc hool
unifor ms? Write For A.
a School unifo rm s are
ex pe ns ive. _ _
b If everybo dy wear s
uni form s, it's ch eap er st ude n ts can 't sho w off
their trendy clothes. _ _
c Un iforms are less
co m fortable than
st ude n ts' own clot hes.
d Wea rin g co m pu lso ry
unifo rm s limits st ude n ts'
freed om . _ _
e Th ere's mo re eq uality if
eve rybody wears the same
clothe s. _ _
~ 10 m inutes
LISTENING EXAM
8 . , 14 You are going to hear four people talking about
wearing school uniforms. Read statements 1-5 and match
ea ch statement to one of speakers A-D. Th ere is o ne question
that yo u can match to two speakers.
1 I never had to wea r a u n ifor m . _ _
2
3
4
5
I can see some advantages of school unifor ms.
_
I used to wea r a uniform without protest. _ _
Wea ring uniforms has a psychological effect . _ _
I don't be lieve unifor ms m ake st ude n ts loo k equal. _ _
Answe-rs on page 177
EXAM TIP
In the listening exam, you wi ll hear every recordi ng twice. When you are
practising, listen to the recordings twice. During th e second tim e you listen,
complete and check your answers.
Use of English
30 minutes
9 Which t wo words o r ph ras es from t he li st bel ow co u ld go with
ea ch w ord o r phra se in the first column o f the table? Ad d th e
missing examples.
the airport
surfing the Internet
repeat th e sentence
tea Eher
is 18 • sma rt > age · badly
6 o'cloc k
pentathion
try harder
lives in Pari s
RULES
EXAMPLES
o ur
+ noun
teacher
spea kers A- D will be for,
a n d which will be aga ins t
w earing sc h ool uniforms.
interested in
+ noun or -ing form
(activity)
meet yo u at
+ n oun (p lace/ ti m e)
A: teen age girl o f 17
B: teenage boy of 14
C : a st ude nt's mother
D: a yo u ng teach er
she
+ ve rb (is/was or os)
cou ld yo u
+ ve rb (base fo rm)
ex ceptionally
+ a d jec tive/adverb
7 Try to p redict which of
For
Aga ins t
10 Read the te xt in exercise 12 o n page 66 quic kl y to a ns wer the
questions.
What typ e o f schools is the article about?
Is the writer's o pin io n ab out th ese school s positi ve o r negative?
11 Read th e text again. Don 't fill in the gaps. Ma ke a list of a t
least fiv e positive things the writer m entions a bo u t the
schools.
Smart answer key on page 177
SCHOOL
6S
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 introducin g an argum en t
2 introducing a co un te r-argu me nt
3 giving an exam p le
4 co nti nu ing an arg u me nt
5 su m m arisin g/ con clud in g
6 giving a personal view
~ 1S minutes
12 Read th e following a rticl e about schools in
Britain. Pill in each gap with one word
only.
British Public Education
British pub lic sch oo ls are famo us for ' _ _
exce llence. Even those w ho criticise them fo r
a_ _ a sym bo l of class privil ege admit they
have much to offer. Th ey ' _ _ ch allen ging
for u n us ually cleve r st ude n ts, but al so
appreciative ' _ _ less aca de m ically-gifte d
pe rsonalit ies. They teach self-discip line, but
also creativity. They are exc iting , an d s_ _
t he same t ime, successful ' _ _ conven tio na l
ter ms of percen tage of exam inatio n passes
a nd uni versit y en tr ances. Indeed, r_ _
schools where stu de n ts live, wor k an d play
toget he r do seem ' _ _ have more success in
reali sing th eir ob jectives ' _ _ any other
educa tional in stitution of our times.
~
WRITING EXAM
70 minutes
1S Write an essay of 200--250 words about the
issues involved in this question:
Should you start a career or en ter uni versit y
at 18?
Co ns ider the Iollowing:
• ea rn ing a livln g
• sta rti ng a fam ily
• gain ing experience
• m eeting n ew people.
Answers on page 178
EXAM TIP
When you w rite an argu mentative essay, t his struct ure
Answers on page 117
of paragraphs is usually suitable:
1
EXAM TIP
introduction of the topic
a rgume nts for, with examp les
In a cloze task, where you have to fill in gaps in a text
2
3
with just o ne wo rd, it's imp ortant to understan d wha t
4
the text is generally about. The context will help you
5 personal views (if appropriate).
arguments against, wi th examp les
summary and co nclusion
wo rk out the possible meanin g of t he missing words.
It's also a good idea to read the text quickly, and look
for clues that help you decide what part of speech
Speaking
55 minutes
(verb , noun , preposition, ete.) is each missing word.
Picture-based discussion
Writing
90 minutes
Writing an argumentative essay
13 Lo ok at the example essay on page 139, and
find the fo llow mg:
1 tw o sen ten ces that suppor t th e statemen t in
t h e ti tle
2 two sen te n ces that argu e against th e
statem en t in t he title
3 two sen tenc es w he re the writer shows actual
exam ples
4 two sen tenc es where t he writer summarises
wh at h as been said befo re.
14 Put these linking words and phrases into the
correct groups 1-6.
however
to su m up
in contrast
bu t
o n th e one ha n d
in addition
suc h as
as far as I'm concerned
for one thing
in other wo rds
in fact
furth ermor e
in my ow n exp erien ce
conversely
66
SCHOOL
3S minutes
16 In each sentence, ch oose the co rrec t word: a,
b, or c, to fill the gap.
1 I imagin e _ _ th e bo y is feeling anx ious in
th is sit uation.
a how
b t h at
c what
2 Th e girl is con cen trati n g h ard on _ _ sh e's
doing.
c it
a th at
b what
3 I d on't know, but pe rha ps the boy is _ _ a
test .
b getting
c m akin g
a taking
4 Th e teach er is showing the girl how to _ _
the ma chine.
a put
b do
c use
5 You co u ld n 't be _ _ the boy all the time.
a as
b like
c for
6 We can't te ll _ _ th e girl's learning as a
h obby or fo r her job.
a why
b wh et her
c wh ich
Smart answer key on page 177
17 Read what a student said about the pictures in exercise 18.
Ch o ose from sentences A, Band C underneath to fill in
spaces 1-3 in the text.
There a re obvious d ifferences be twee n the two images. ' _ _
The sell ing in one is academic, but it is pract ical in th e othe r.
However, I thin k there are in fact some important similarities
bet ween the two pictures. z_ _ We don 't see either of them
working with other stude n ts. ' _ _ Both of th em are
operating machines. So, I think the same ideas of educati on
are involved in eac h picture.
A For o ne thing, bo th images are of a student lea rn ing
ind ividually.
B In add itio n to this con ne ction, they both sh ow stud ents
wh o a re learning by doing someth ing .
C For exa m ple, one sho ws a bo y and o ne a girl.
SPEAKING EXAM
;0,
10 minutes
18 The two photos show different kinds of learning.
Co m pa re and contrast the two pictures. Which image
feels closer to your own experience of lea rn in g?
EXAM TIP
Talking about w hat you don't knowguessing, having theories, wondering
- is an important part of
comm unication, and this is reflected in
the speaking exam .
Debate
20 minutes
19 Read the follow ing arguments
and decide if t hey support t h e
statement in exercise 21 be lo w.
Write yes, no, or not sure.
1 You ca n earn mor e money if
yo u have a university degree.
2 On ly peo ple from wea lth ier
fam ilies can afford tu ition
fees.
_
3 Talen ted people are not
always th e riches t.
_
4 Scho larsh ips sho uld be
ava ilable for those who
deserv e it .
_
5 Teenagers usually have no
mon ey, so tuitio n fees are a
burden on th e parents.
6 Society need s ed ucated
_
people.
20 Write similar arguments both
for and against the statement
in exercise 21.
HOW TO STUDY
Pra ctise different ways of ex pressing
your opinion, agreeing and
disagreeing, and inviting someone's
opinion. You can find useful phrases in
th e Speaking Bank on page 128.
SPEAKING EXAM
~
10 minutes
21 Read the st atement below
and prepare arguments for or
against it. Then discuss the
issue with yo ur partner, and
respond to his / her co u n terarguments.
Peopl e wh o go to un iversity
sh ould pay for th eir educa tion.
Answeu on page 178
Answers on page 178
Smart answer key on page 178
SCHOOL
61
Reading
... 35 minutes
1 Fo r ea ch sentence 1-4, choose the only w ord
of A-D that it is NOT possib le t o use to
complete it.
I
lt tak es a lot of time, effo rt and m oney to
o bt ain the speci al licence n eed ed t o d rive a
ta xi in London. _ _ , only th e m ost
determined ca nd idates ach ieve t h is goa l.
A As a result,
B Moreover,
C Because of th is,
D Therefore,
E
2 Taxi dr ivers are expected to know t he city
like the back of their h an ds. _ _ , they
must be as p leasant as possible, eve n to rude
passengers.
A What's more
BAlsa
C In addition
o
Nevert heless
E
3 During t he train ing period, tra inee taxi
dr ivers h ave to cover their own expenses,
_ _ the cos t of gett ing arou nd London
using private t ranspo rt.
A as a matter of fact,
B for ins tance,
C for exam ple,
D suc h as
E
4 Being a taxi d river m ay be dan gerous. _ _ ,
most London taxi dri vers wo uld neve r wa n t
to change t he ir job.
A However
B Therefore
C In spite of this
D Nevert h eless
E
2 Ch oose one word from the list below which
cou ld a lso be used to fill the gaps in the
sen tences in exercise I aho ve. Write the
correct w o rd in the bl ank space (E) after eac h
sente nce.
sti ll • consequently • additiona lly • like
EXAM TIP
When doing the task, mark the extracts you have used.
When you have completed the task, check that you
d id n't use a fragm ent twice.
68
WORK
READING EXAM
3 Read the article about taxi drivers in
Lon don . Seven ext racts have been removed
fro m the t ext. Put an extra ct fr o m A-H back
in the right spa ces to co m p le t e the te xt.
There is one ex t ra ct yo u will not need .
London taxi drivers know the cap ital like the back
of the ir hands. Just jump into one of the city's
22,000 distinctively-sh aped cars and tell the d river
your destination. No matter how small and difficu lt
to find the street is, the driver wi ll be able to get
you there witho ut any trouble.
' _ _ Dur ing
this period, which
can ta ke fro m two to
four years, the
wo u ld -be taxi driver
has to learn the
most direct route to
every sing le road
and to every
important building
in London. To
ach ieve thi s, most
lea rn ers go around
the city on sma ll motorbikes, practising how to
move to and from d ifferent po ints of the city.
Going around London on a sma ll motorbike can
have its prob lems, especially during the w inter.
z_ _ T here was thick snow everywhe re an d I had
to wea r m y mothe r's tigh ts becau se I was so cold:
he said.
Learner drivers a re not allowed to work and
ea rn money as d rivers. 3 _ _ The trai ning period
can cost quite a lot, becau se learn ers have to pay for
the ir own expenses (getting around Lond on using
private tran sp ort), the tes ts they take and a medi cal
exam.
On ce a new taxi driver has a licen ce, the nex t
thing he or she has to cope with is the public.
Drivers agree tha t most passengers are very
pleasant, although occasiona lly they can be nasty.
But, as Brian Tu rner, 53, a taxi d river for thirty
yea rs, exp lains : 'Your job is to tak e them whe re they
wa nt to go in a poli te and pleasant ma nner,
whatever they are like. After all, if you're
unp leasant to your passenger, yo u won' t ge t a tip.'
Knowing
London
Inside
Out
Smart answer key on page 178
~ 20
minutes
' _ _ Colin Sinclair was once attacked by a
passeng er w ho did not want to pay the fare: ' He
grabbed m y han d and said, 'I am going to beat you
up', and then he started pushing m e towards th e
window. Luckil y, I m an aged to reach the emergenc y
radio and w ithin five minutes twenty drivers had
come to my aid .'
s _ _ The big adva ntage of thi s system is that
drivers then know the na me and th e destination of
their passen gers in advance, w hich is very useful if
something nasty happen s.
'_
_ Celebrities an d politicians often use taxis
and thi s can ad d a bit of exciteme n t to the lives of
the drivers . Brian Turne r once carried two
princesses in his taxi - w itho ut even realising it! He
recalled: 'They stopped me in front of the gates of
Kensingt on Palace. [ knew I had seen th em in
photograp hs but it was on ly after they left tha t [
realised who th ey were!'
Talking and dri vin g at th e same tim e is not easy.
'_ _ They and their taxis ar e a landmark of the
capital and are recogni sed th rou ghout the wor ld,
along with th e Queen and Big Ben, as a grea t British
tradition .
A But so meti mes it is not o n ly the tip that is at
risk; a taxi dri ver's job ca n also be dangerous.
B To avoid situa tions like this, more and more
drive rs are join in g radio ta xi co m pan ies,
wh ich o n ly d eal with cus tome rs who h ave
telep ho ned for a taxi an d who often ha ve an
account with t hem.
C Therefo re, m any of them keep t he ir pr evious
jobs un til they get their taxi-driving licence.
D But t h is is the art that Lon do n 's tax i drivers
h ave brought to perfect io n.
E Colin Sincla ir, 40, w ho h as been a ta xi d river
fo r fift een years, desc ribed hi s training peri od
as a ti m e of extreme p hysica l d iscomfort .
F Learner taxi d rivers are tested several t imes
by government officers.
G Ho wever, n ot all u nex pecte d m eetings are
nasty ones.
H The reason Londo n taxi drive rs are so
p rofessional is t hat they h ave all go ne
through a very d ifficul t t rai n ing period
kn own as 'the knowledge' t o get the special
licence n eed ed to drive taxis.
Listening
~ 20
---
minutes
4 Read the in struct io n t o exercise 6 a n d answer
these questio n s.
1 How ma ny people are go ing t o speak?
2 What are they go ing to ta lk about?
3 Do yo u know who's go ing to speak first?
4 What do yo u h ave to listen fo r?
5 Deci d e which of the jobs A-E can be
d escribed using the wo rds or phrases in the
li st bel ow. You ca n u se so me o f t h em more
tha n o nce.
pu t to bed • t rees • blow-dry
get ti ps
customers ' was h
frui t
m orning paper
crates • te ll sto ries
fro n t door
do a rou nd • h ai rcu t
far m ' feed
pe rm ' bring the bi ll
serve m eals
pick fruit • ne ighbourhood • lo o k af ter
A
B
C
D
E
Babysittin g
Fru it pi cki ng
Serv ing customers in a tea -room
Deli veri n g news papers
Helping in a h aird ressin g salo n
L15TENING EXAM
~
10 minutes
6 '" 15 You will hear four teenagers talking
about how they earn some pocket money.
Decide which person does which job (A-E) .
Write the number of the speaker in the
correct box. One job does not appear in the
recording.
A
B
C
D
E
Babysitting
Fruit pi cking
Serving cus to m ers in a t ea-room
Deli vering newspaper s
Helping in a hairdressing salo n
Speaker
Spea ker
Speaker
Speak er
Speaker
D
D
D
D
D
Answers on page 178
EXAM TIP
Before you listen for the first time, make sure you read
the instructions carefully. Check that you know exactly
what you have to do (write something down? tick
boxes? number boxes? choose an answer?, etc.).
Answers on page 178
Smart answer key on page 17 8
WORK
69
Use of English •
3S minutes
7 The gaps in the sentences
below are the sa m e types of
things you often find in an
open doze test (like exercise 9).
Here your task is to choose the
correct w ord: a , b , or c, to fill
each ga p.
1 Nor t htown School, _ _ I go
to, is well known for sport .
a which
b t hat
c where
2 My cit y's footba ll tea m has
n ever _ _ successfu l in t he
championshi p .
a been
b gone
c had
3 I h aven 't visited as m any
co un tries _ _ my siste r.
a as
b than
c so
4
As Ed ucatio n Min iste r, she is
respo nsible _ _ the quality
of ed ucatio n in o ur schools.
a to
b wit h
c for
5 _ _ yo u t h in k yo u cou ld
help me wit h my pro ject?
a Wi ll
b Do
c Can
8 Rea d t h is short text. It contai ns
seven errors. Can yo u find and
correct t h em?
When I thi nk o n t he future, I
reali se I reall y have no idea w hat
I' m go ing to do. Th at I wa nt to
do is to enjoy the prese nt and
live for t he m oment. W hen my
brot her h ad my age, all h e d id
was make plan s. He kn ew wh ich
h e wanted to go to uni versit y,
wh at co urse to take - ev eryt h ing .
Even as a teen ager, he has
decided of hi s jo b. And, let m e
tell yo u, my brother is ve ry
boring! I' m go ing to live m y life
di fferen t.
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
•
1S minutes
9 Complete the text by writing one word only in each gap.
SHOCKING NEWS:
STUDENTS WANT TO TEACH!
Teachers may feel underpaid and unappreciated, but,
judging from the results of a recent career survey,
they're inspiring ' _ _ very tough crowd: teenagers .
The sur vey found that teaching is a top car eer
choice for teenagers, ranking as high z_ _ doctor - a
frequent favourite - and just above lawyer - another
popular choice. Th e sur vey was based on respo nses
from more ' _ _ 1,000 people ' _ _ were aged from
13 to 17 . The qu estion asked was, 'What kind of work
' _ _ you think yo u will do for a care er?' The
te enagers were asked ' _ _ give thei r to p three
choices. The other top ten choices included spo rts,
scien ce, architecture, business, th e military,
engineering and nursing.
Results have always differed between girls and
bays. For example, a military career ' _ _ never been
a top-ten ch oice among girl s, but it 's often popular
with ba ys. ' _ _ the o th er h and, nursin g is usually a
popular choice with girls , but h as never made the top
ten wit h bo ys.
Answers on page 179
EXAM TIP
Open doze, w here you fi ll in gaps with one word of your ow n, is
design ed to test your knowledge of gra mm ar. So, alth ough you should
consid e r th e meaning of the sente nce that cont ains th e gap, th e word
you write in th e ga p will probably be a g ra mmar wo rd. In oth er words,
you need to show the exa miner wha t you know abou t grammar, not
how many words yo u' re famili ar w it h.
Writing
~ 75
minutes
Writing a formal letter
10 Make so me notes a b o u t yo u rse lf under the fo ll o w ing
h eadings. Write a t least two fa cts in ea ch ca te gory.
Educati on:
Ho bbi es:
Ambiti ons/ Plans:
Skills:
70
W ORK
Smart answer key o n pa ge 178
11 Use the information fro m ex ercise 10 to write a short text
a bout yourself. Use the following framework as the basis
for your text. .
My nam e is
and I live in
. In my family,
school, wh ere I study seve ral
_ _ _ _ . I atte n d
sub jects:
. The exam results I have ac h ieved are:
___ _ . The sub ject(s) that interest me most is/a re
_ _ _ _ becau se
_
My hobbies and interests are:
. . I en joy it/th em
because
_
In the future, I h op e to
and to
. I th in k I
would be good at
beca use
_
If yo u're practising with a partner, compare what yo u have
written and check each other's work for errors.
12 Ch o ose from the words below to fill in gaps 1-4. (You don 't
need to write the end of the sentence yet.)
wondering
like
interested
hope
I wo uld ' _ _ to know wh at qualificati ons I would n eed to be
a
.
I was z_ _ if wo rk placements are available in
.
I ' _ _ that yo u can tell me about su itable tra ining co urse for
I wou ld be ' _ _ to know if opportu n ities for pro mo tion are
good In
.
13 Th ink of at least two ways of fin ishing each sen tence in
exercise 12.
~ 60
WRITING EXAM
minutes
14 You h a ve seen the fo llowing a n nouncement, a n d decided
to w rite a letter to the Cou ncil. Write 200-250 words.
Education and Skills
Support Council
LANGUA GE TI P
Direct question : 'Can you tell me how
to get to your house?'
Indirect question : 'I wo uld like to
know how to get to your hou se:
Indirect qu estion s are more forma l and
respectful. In a formal lett er we usually
present questions indirectly. You
should practise forming indir ect
questions so that you can easily do
this in any situatio n in th e writing
exam task.
Speaking
... 10 minutes
Situational role-play
. . 3S minutes
15 Look at these questions about
choosing a summer job. What
word is m issing in each case?
Choose words from the list
underneath.
1 What kinds of jobs hav e you
_ _ before"!
2 Do you h ave other _ _
exp erien ce?
3 Well, for exa mp le, hav e you
_ _ so me th ing at sch ool?
4 Do you ha ve a _ _ ide a of
the work yo u wou ld like?
5 Would you like a job _ _
with people?
6 Would you _ _ to be in an
office env iro n me n t?
7 _ _ me, is th ere a job that
yo u wo uld not want?
workin g
prefer
o rganised
tell
releva nt
clea r
done
The Cou nci l's ro le is to provide yo ung people in
th e region w ith help an d a d v ice abou t pl anning
th eir future.
We w ill tell yo u ng people abou t education ,
training , work pl acemen ts and career prospec ts
if th ey w rite to us:
• telling us ab ou t their st u d ies, achievements
and interest s
• saying w ha t ambitio ns and plans th ey h ave
for stu d y and /or w ork
• exp la in ing what h elp they want.
Answers on page 179
Smart answe r key on page 179
WORK
71
16 Look at these suggestions. Choose the correct word: a, b, or c
for each gap.
EXAM TIP
It's important to pract ise
1 Why don't yo u try _ _ to t he local to u rist information office?
b applying
c ap plication
a apply
expressing yo urself in English in a
range of different ways. You
2 I think yo u _ _ see if you can get a job in a sh o p .
a sh ould
b might
c would
should be able to ask questions,
3 W h at a bo ut jobs _ _ you could pr acti se yo u r Engli sh?
b how
c wh ic h
a wher e
4 It sho uld be possib le _ _
a if
b wit h
you to work in a restaurant.
c for
5 Look for businesses which need to _ _ an interpreter.
b ha ve
c do
a put
SPEAKING EXAM
I<>- 10 minutes
17 Your friend wants to get a job this summer and asks you for
a dvice.
Look at this list of job advertisements:
SUMMER JOBS
Child minder
Eng lish family living here lor the sum mer requ ire a
child minder lor their two child ren (3 and 7). Use 01 car
and meal s provided. 5 d ays a week and some eve nings.
Cit y guide
Tourist office look ing to em ploy guides during the
su mmer. Official city tours last two hours and are in
Eng lish. History knowledge essen tial.
Shop assistant
Busy store in shop ping centre requires su m mer shop
ass istants. Friendly manner, sma rt ap pe arance, in terest
in fashion, rea sonable Eng lish.
Waiter
Busy city cen tre bistro w ishes to employ seasonal
wa iting staff. Good com munication skills a mu st.
Flexible hours, to include some wee kends and
evenings.
Hotel receptionist
Excellen t opportunity for the right person to begin a
career in hotel industr y. 4* hotel near airport requires
recepti on ass istan t during su mmer.
Discuss the following points with your friend .
o
o
o
o
Ask your frien d what ex perience he or sh e has.
Ask wha t kinds of work h e o r she would like to d o.
Ask wha t kinds of work h e or she wo uld n' t like to do .
Make su ggest io ns ab out wh ich job or job s adver tis ed wou ld
be suita ble fo r your frien d .
for example, or make suggestions,
in several ways. It can be boring or even rude - if you always do
t hese things in exactly the same
way.
Picture-based discussion
.... 35 minutes
18 Ch o o se from t he wo rds
below to complete t he text
about jobs and work.
assistant
o ffice
h o lid ays • st ressfu l 0
qualified
u nskilled
highly skill ed
promotion
training
m anual
pension • skilled
co m m u te • wh ite-co llar
Traditionally, job s ha ve been
divided into two ty pes, based
o n the clot h ing peop le wore
to d o their wo rk: bl ue-collar
job s in fact ories an d ' _ _
job s in offi ces. These da ys,
we usually refer to the two
types as z_ _ jobs and
' _ _ jobs respecti vely. Some
jobs ar e ' _ _ : anyone can
do these jobs, without being
trained . Mo st job s, howe ver,
are s _ _ and many job s are
' _ _ . If you get a certi ficate,
diploma o r d egree, then yo u
will be ' _ _ . Because man y
jobs ar e ver y spe cialised, yo u
will recei ve ' _ _ to h elp
yo u d o the job . Alt h o ug h
yo u will probably start as an
' _ _ , yo u ca n hope to get a
to _ _ after a wh ile . If yo u
ha ve to " _ _ a long way to
work, you ma y find it u_ _ .
O n t h e o t her hand, if yo u
can tak e long u _ _ and
yo ur co m pa ny pr ovides yo u
w it h a good " _ _ plan, you
may fee l glad to h ave yo u r
job.
Answers on page 119
72
W ORK
Smart answer key on page 179
19 Here are some sentences
that students said about the
photos in exercise 20. Ca n
you match the beginnings
1-5 with the endings a-e?
1 Personally, I th ink I'd be
better at
2 Yes, actually, my father
does a very
3 Well, he is some kind of
mechanic, but
4 Maybe this company is
involved
5 Although this man wo rks
very hard physically,
a similar job to th e one
shown here.
b I think it may not be too
stressful.
c in marketin g or th e med ia
- some th ing crea tive.
d an o ffice job tha n manual
wo rk.
e th e others could be almos t
an ything.
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
20 Look at the two photos
of jobs. Compare and
contrast the work and the
situations.
• Wh at jobs are shown?
Whi ch job wo uld yo u
prefer doing?
• Do yo u kn ow people
wh o do th ese kinds of
jobs?
An swet'S on page 179
EXAM TIP
In the speaking exa m, the picturebased discussion usually relates to
a part icular top ic. Every to pic has
its ow n specific vocabulary, w hich
you can imm ediately use in talking
about the pictur e. Look at the
Word Bank on page 151.
Smart answer key on page 179
WORK
73
Reading
35 minutes
1 Read the fo ll o w in g
paragraph, then decide
which of the statements
below, A or B, is true,
acco rd ing to the
in formation in the
p ara gra ph.
50% of the su rvey
respondents ad m itted the
applicant's appea ran ce pla yed
a rol e in rec ru it me n t
pro cedures. The rate wa s
three times lower among
successful job applica nts, and
only one in twenty
em ployers (5%) agreed that
ap pe arance was a de cisive
factor.
A Half of the job app licants
that we re turned down
believed that the way they
looked was to blame.
B 95% of em ployers claimed
appearance wa s
co m p letely irrelevant
when em plo ying n ew
staff.
EXAM TIP
Read all four options carefully.
Remember, one word can change
the meaning of the whoie
sentence to make it a w rong
answer. If you're not sure which
option is the best answer, try
eliminating the ones that you
know are w rong to reduce your
choices.
READING EXAM
2 Read the a rti cl e abou t discrimination in the workplace, and
choose the best option: a , b , c, or d to complete statements
1-5 about the te xt.
Overweight, underpaid
Sexual, racial and age discrimination are
outlawed. Are sizeism and lookism the last
prejudices?
SONYA is heaviiy overweight and used to what she describes as
'fatism' from the general public. But she hadn't expected her obesity
to affect her career prospects. ' I knew the moment I turned up to my
iast job interview that my chances were low,' she says. ' When I met
my two interviewers, I knew I'd lost immediately because of the way
they looked at me. The thing that was most upsetting was that the
telephone conver satio n I'd had with one of them beforehand
suggested I had all the skills and experience necessary and the
interview was just a formality.'
'Lookism' is the latest discrimination to hit the workplace,
according to the law firm, Eversheds. Victims of the trend are judged
by employers on aspects of their appearance ranging from weight to
clothing and from hairstyle to body piercing. Some are turned down
for jo bs, others miss out on promotion. The latest research has
revealed a culture of appearance disc rimination swe eping businesses
across the world. A staggering 16% of Americans believe they have
been discriminated against because of the way they look and 33%
believe that those who are more physically attractive are more likely
to get promoted.
Discrimination claims involving alleged lookism are surging in the
US. In fact, there are only two states of America that have specific
laws against appearance discrimination. In other states , lawyers are
turning to discrimination laws relating to issues like gender, race and
disability. So if someone is overweight because of a clinical problem,
they can claim disability discrimination.
There are examples of lookism issues already arising in the UK as
well. A couple of years ago, Fitness First received widespread
criticism after a leaked email claimed that larger employees did not fit
the firm's image. In the UK, we don't have any laws against
appearance discrimination, but Ms Emma Harris, an assoc iate at
Eversheds, believes it won't be long before we do. ' I think it's only a
matter of time before some kind of beauty bias legislation comes into
play,' she says. In the meantime, victims of lookism are, like most
Americans, relying on sex, race and disability discrimination. Among
the British who have been successful in an indirect discrimination
claim are Matthew Thompson, who last year argued that he had
sutTered sexua l discrimination because he was forced to wear a tie
while his female colleagues weren't , and a man who was made to cut
his long hair by his employers.
74
WORK
Sma rt answer key on pa ge 180
~ 2S
minutes
I Before her last job in terview,
Sonya
a had expected problems
gett ing the job.
b h ad n ever felt
discrimin ated aga ins t.
c had n ot realized h ow
ove rweigh t she was.
d had thought the interview
wo uld be a forma lity.
2 Du ring the in te rview
a Sonya was surprised there
were two in terviewers.
b she d id n't like the way the
in terviewers looked .
c th e interviewers we re
sur prised at her
qualificati ons.
d she h ad a feeling she
wo uldn't be accept ed .
3 Looki sm
a is n ot lim ited to job
applicants.
b is opposed by one third of
American s.
c o n ly affects un attract ive
a nd overweight people.
d h as been research ed for
ma ny yea rs n ow.
4 In the USA
a lookism is forbidden by
federal law.
b race di scriminati on is more
Widespr ead than 100kisl11 .
c the number of cases
related to lookism is
growing.
d lawyers turn down peopl e
wh o claim appea rance
di scrimination .
Listening
20 minutes
3 Write a list of three a rgu m en ts for, and three arguments
against starting a fa m ily at an early age. Th in k especially
a bou t how having c h ild re n would affect someone's career.
, LISTENING EXAM
4
~ 10 minutes
.s, 16 You are going to hear four women talking about
balancing a career with raising children. Match speakers
A- D to statements 1-8. There is one statement yo u
ca n n ot match to any of the speakers.
A
B
C
D
Tara Hastin gs
[anice Pepper
Linda Stern
Vanessa Carroll
I She doesn't m iss the luxur ies that working couples
without children have. _ _
2 She believes family is more important th an h avin g a
career. _ _
3 She planned her career so tha t having child ren wo uld n ot
affect it so mu ch . _ _
4 She thinks h er partner sh ou ld have given up hi s job to
stay with the ch ild ren so she co uld retu rn to h er caree r.
5 Her pa rt n er had to wo rk longer hours when she gave up
h er job to be with the ir kids . _ _
6 She acce pted a lower salary so she cou ld be in a better
pos ition at a smaller compa ny. _ _
7 She is raising her children on her own besides having a
job . _ _
8 She did n't want to be old when her children left high
school. _ _
Answers on pag e 180
EXAM TIP
It's easier to understand th e recordin g if you know wh at to expect. Read
th e task carefully before you listen. Be careful: if a phrase in the recording
sounds sim ilar to the stateme nts in the task, it's not necessarily the
inform ation you' re looking for. Pay att ention to the meaning of w hat yo u
hear.
5 In the UK
a the re is pu blic acceptance
o f lookism.
b legal regul ati ons aga inst
loo kism are expected soo n .
c victims of lookism h ave n o
ch ance to claim th eir
rights.
d there have been n o cases
related to looki sm so far.
Answers on page 180
Smart answer key on page 180
WORK
75
Use of English
~ 25
minutes
S Match phrases 1-10 with their definitions
a-j.
1 apply
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
sta rting salary
curr iculum vit ae (CV) (BrE)/resu me (AmE)
permanent job
in te rview
tem porary job
q ua lifications
working co nd itio ns
experien ce
pa rt-time job
a jo b which will en d o n a specific da y
tra in ing or exams need ed fo r a job
working less t han the normal wor king wee k
to ask questions to find ou t if so meone is
right fo r a job
e a job wh ich yo u can expect to do for a long
ti me
f the amount of money yo u are paid when
yo u start working
g knowledge yo u get from doing a job for a
long time
h situatio n in which you work
to ask for a job in writi ng
a short hi stor y of yo ur ed ucatio n an d whe re
yo u have wo rked so far
a
b
c
d
6 Read the text in exercise 7 quickly (don't fill
in the gaps yet) and tick the four pieces of
a d vice of A- F below that are mentioned .
A Yo u can fin d information abo ut jobs in
n ewspap ers an d o n the Internet. 0
B If yo u don't find a permanent job
immedi at ely, tr y to find a temporary job for
a short time. 0
C Apply for eve ry attractive full -time and parttime job that yo u find to increase your
chances of get t in g a job . 0
D W h en you sen d in yo ur CV, don't write
about all yo ur qu alifications there, leave this
to t he interview. 0
E Ask q uestions about t he wo rking co n ditions,
bu t try to avoid br ing ing up the questi on of
money yo u rself. 0
F If yo u d ress elega n tly, yo u ' ll h ave a better
chance of succeed ing at the interview. 0
76
WORK
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
.. 10 minutes
7 Read the following advice from a ca ree r
consultant, a n d fill in gaps 1-1 0 with a
suitable word or phra se fro m list. Use eac h
word or phrase only once. There is one
word or phrase that yo u don't need.
fo r ' t h is kind of
why n ot
bein g • except
something
those
even
to
Get it right!
Katy Sm ith, career co ns u ltant, has a few tr icks
up h er sleeve for '
loo king for a jo b.
Go on and get it right!
Read rec ru it ment sections in newspapers an d
o n the Intern et . A good pe rma ne n t job wit h a
promise of lo n g-t erm employment can be
diffi cu lt to fin d, so z
take a
tem porary job, 3
if it is only for a
few mont hs? Every day in m ost local
news pa pe rs there are at t rac tive
ad ve rtisemen ts for both full -time an d part time jobs, so don 't miss them!
a
W he n yo u've decided to apply '
job , sen d yo ur ap plica tion wit h a CV as soon
as possible. Don't forget to list all yo ur
qu alifi catio ns (degrees and di plomas) and any
previous experience yo u h ave wit h s
_
work.
_
At t h e inter view don't be afraid '
ask abo ut working co n d itions (e.g. h ours o r
holidays) but wait for the in terviewer to
me ntion the questi o n of starti ng sa lary.
Mo ney is a deli cate issu e an d '
_
greedy will n ot get yo u a job.
Dress for success! Put o n smart clothes an d
wea r '
bri ght to boost yo ur
co n fide nce at the in terview.
Answers on page 180
EXAM TIP
Before you fill in th e gaps, read the text quickly to
check that you understand the main points. This will
help you find the right word more easily.
Smart answer key on page 180
Writing
~ 70 minutes
Writing a formal letter/job application
8 Read these pai rs of sentences from job
applica tion letters. In ea ch case, d ecide
which alternative: a o r b, you think is more
appropriate.
2
3
4
5
6
a I am writing in reference to your
advertise ment for tourist gu ides .
b [ am writing beca use [ saw your
advertisement.
a There are many reasons why [ wo u ld be
great at the job.
b [feel I wo uld be suita ble for th e position
for a n um ber of reaso ns.
a [have ac h ieved h igh marks in my
Eng lish language exa ms .
b My English lan gua ge ab ility is
un believable.
a I can say everyth ing I want to say.
b I believe that I h ave goo d
commun ication skills.
a I am a ma jor ex pe rt on ou r town's
hi stor y.
b I have always taken a keen interest in th e
h istory of our town.
a [ would like to develop my caree r.
b My present job is rubbish .
WRITING EXAM
~
Speaking
20 minutes
Picture-based discussion
10 What do you think? Are the fo llowin g jobs
better done by women, or by m en, or is there
no difference?
train d river • n urse • foo tballer • politician •
arch itec t • web desig ne r • coa l miner
11 If you're working with a partner, discuss
you r answers to ex ercise 10 . Give reasons.
Discuss other jobs, too.
SPEAKING EXAM
~ 10
minutes
12 Look at the photo of th e woman, a n d
discuss t he fol lowing questions.
• Whe re is she? What is she doi ng?
• Are some jobs more su ited to men or
wo me n? Why?
Answers on page 181
EXAM TIP
Fillers and connecto rs are very useful wo rds that give
you tim e to t hink. Don 't overuse th em t houg h, becau se
thi s mi ght give the impression that you can't find the
words you' re looking for.
60 minutes
9 You h ave seen this job advertisement and
have d ecided to apply. Write your letter of
ap p lic a tio n (150-200 words) .
Wanted: people with
the right attitude!
O ur town is g rowing in popular ity w ith
foreign to uris ts. We need guides to show them
round . Gu ides need to:
• have a friend ly manner
• speak goo d English
• know abo ut our city - facilities, history, etc.
If yo u fit this description, se nd us a letter of
app lication, ad dressed to the Officer for
Tou rism.
Answers on page 180
EXAM TIP
The most impo rtant thin g about w riting a job
application task in the w riting exam is to rememb er
w ho th e reader is. WiIi your lette r tell th e reader all th e
inform ation he or she needs to know ? Chec k t he
required poin ts carefully. Also make sure yo u use
appropriate formal language.
Smart answer key on pa ge 180
WORK
77
Reading
. . 30 minutes
1 Match ve rbs 1-8 with phrases a-h to form
coll ocati ons co n n ected wi t h a healthy
li fest yle. There may b e diffe rent so luti o n s
possible .
1 stay
2 keep
3 avoid
4 go
5 wo rk o ut
6 get
7 lose
8 follow
a en o ug h sleep
b fit
c a sensible diet
d jogging
e in sh ape
f weigh t
g st ress
h in the gy m
2 Match the phrases with their d efinitions.
1 put o n weight
2 give up
3 cut do wn on
4 take up
a
b
c
d
sta rt (e.g. a n ew hobby)
grow fatte r
h ave less of
stop (doing)
HOW TO STUDY
Record any new vocabulary that you wa nt to remember
in your notebook. It's usuaiiy a good idea to write down
th e new words in a phra se or sentence, which shows
yo u not only the meaning of the word, but also how it's
used in context.
~ 20 minutes
READING EXAM
3 Read the following leaflet giving advice on leading a healthy life. Some phrases
h ave been left out of the text . Ch o ose from phrases A-I below to complete the
gaps. There is one phrase you're not going to need.
How to live to be
100
• Reduce calories and cut down on sw eets, cakes and chocolate. If you are overweight, try to lose
weight. Bein g overweight increases yo ur '
of developi ng circu lation problems.
• Follow a sens ible diet - eat as mu ch low-fat food as possible: chicken, fish and yogurt are good
for you. Aim to eat at least five portions of fruit an d vegetables a day to ens ure your z
_
of Vitamin C and health-giving minerals.
• Give up smoking - eve ry cigarette shortens your life.
• Lead an active lifest yle. Keep fit and stay in sha pe: '
out in "the gym or take up
jogging? Cho ose an activity that you'
. Exercise sho uld be a pleasure, not a d u ty. Aim
to exercise for about 30 minutes at least five times a wee k. If you wor k sitting down , s
_
up as often as you can and wa lking around for a whi le.
DON'T
• Don't go to bed late: if you don't get enough sleep, you w ill lack energy and you w ill age faster.
Sleep replen ishes the energies spe nt d uring the day and aids the natural healing p rocess of the
bod y.
• Don't get stressed: 6
and avoid stress at h om e, scho ol or work. Learn to relax, and
when you feel that your stress level is rising, take a break .
• Don' t eat between meals: it's the fastest way to put on we igh t. If you 7
snacks, try at
least to eat healthy snacks, like fruit or yog urt.
• Don't be a fitness fanatic' You need to stay in sha pe bu t reme mber to '
_
A why n ot wo rk
B it's wor th practi sing
C keep ca lm
D chances
E can 't give up
F t ry get ting
G maintain a bal an ced lifest yle
H en joy doing
I intak e
Answers on page 181
78
HEALTH
Smart answer key on pa ge 181
Listening
25 minutes
4 Read carefully the
LISTENING EXAM
interview with an elderly man. Ch oose the correct option:
a, b, or c, according to the information you hear in the
recording.
1 Mr Sin clair te lls us that h e
a h as already celeb rate d hi s l Oflth birthda y.
b is goi ng to celebrate his lOath bir thday soon .
c can not remember pr ecisely when hi s bir thday is.
In t he exa m task yo u are
go ing to listen to
a a speech given by an old
woman.
b an in te rview with an o ld
man,
c a story of a yo ung man.
2 Mr Sin clair has been married
a o nce.
b twi ce.
c th ree times.
3 Ho w many gran dc h ildre n does Mr Sinclair h ave?
a Six.
b Ten.
c Twelve.
S Read the possible answers
in exercise 6 and try to
guess what kind of
information to expect in
t he recording. Which of
sentences 1-7 do you t h in k
are true (T) and which a re
false (F)?
4 When he was you ng , Mr Sinclair
a worked in the open air.
b ate a healthy diet .
c took regular exercise.
S Most of Mr Sinclair's brothers and siste rs
a resembled their mother.
b lived for a long t im e.
c had health probl em s.
1 Mr Sin cla ir may be around
2
3
4
S
6
7
HOW TO STUDY
Remember that during the
exam inatio n yo u will hear the
recordin g twice. When yo u
practise, try listen ing to the
recordi ng no more t han tw ice to
10 minutes
6 '" 17 First read sentences 1-7. You are going to hear a radio
in st ruct io n to exercise 6
to find out about the
recording you are going to
hear. Then choose the best
ending for the sentence
below.
one h undred yea rs old.
T/ F
He has never been
married . T / F
He has more than one
grandchild . T / F
He says so met h in g about
t h e times when he was
you ng. T / F
He was an o nly ch ild.
T /F
We' re going to h ear hi m
ta lk abo ut his attit ude to
life. T / F
In h is interview h e ta lks
ab out smoking. T / F
~
6 Mr Sincl air be liev es it is important
a to avoid problems.
b to work hard.
c to be optimistic.
7 Mr Sinclair gave up sm o king
a at the same time as hi s wife.
b to please hi s wife .
c whe n his wife left him .
Answers o n pa ge 181
LANGUAGE TIP
The no un exercise whe n it refers to physical exe rcise is uncounta ble. Yo u say
You should take more exercise. Mr Sinclair doesn't do any exercise. (NOT
5
(ei'cis85)
EXAM TIP
Always read th e inst ruction s carefully, as t his may give yo u some vital
information abo ut the record ing yo u are goi ng to hear. Then, befo re you
listen to the recording, read the possible answers. This will help you guess
what information to expect in th e recordi ng .
complete the task.
Smart answe r key on page 181
HEALTH
79
Use of English
... 25 minutes
7 Look at the following words. Ca n you put them in the right
gra m m a r groups? Eac h group con ta ins an example that might
h elp yo u.
Writing
... 80 minutes
Writing an informal
letter
9 Use this framework to write
from • cou ld • him • th at • in • an • a lot o f •
sho uld have • herself • as • alth oug h • bu t • below • will •
its • is going to • SOIll e • neverthe less
prepositi on s
modal
verbs
into
may
pronouns articles determiners linking
words
---j
we
th e
mu ch
however
senten ces describing ea tin g
a n d drinking in yo ur
co u n try. You shou ld also
a d d some ideas of your
own .
We have breakfast at ... and we
eat our main meal of the day at ...
Restaurants usually close at .. .
The mai n ing redients of our
cooking are: ... and ...
Add a few word s of you r own to each gro u p .
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
The most popular trad itional dish
is ... or ...
~ 15
minutes
8 Read the extract from a book on British culture, and use oue
word onty to fill each gap in the text.
If you want a snack, you should go
to a ... and ask for ....
My favourite meal consists of ..
Is the situation changing? Well, .
The conquest of food in Britain
The ethnic minorities are taking over British food. And
it's a good thing, too, since no one would say the
British have ever ' _ _ famous for their cooking. We
are actually famous for not being ' _ _ to cook at a ll.
After hundreds of years of trying to create a national
cuisine ' _ _ could impress the world, the British have
never really got much further •_ _ breakfast. in fact,
other Europeans have always said that in s _ _ to eat
well in Britain one has to eat an English breakfast
three times a day.
But times ' _ _ changing . Nowadays, if you turn
t _ _ for a meal in a British family home, you are
more e_ _ to be given Indian curry or a Chinese stirfry than roast beef with Yorkshire pudding .
Answ.rs on page 182
10 Look at these sentences
taken from informal letters.
Fil l in the gaps w ith the
correct word from th e list.
fash iona ble
at mosphe re '
deliciou s • vegetarians
soph ist icated
2
3
EXAM TIP
Don 't worry if there are some wo rds in the text that you don't understand. In
this task, the gaps are usually g rammar words (prepositions, mo dal verbs,
pronouns, etc.) - it's not a test of vocabulary.
4
5
80
HEALTH
Speak ing for m yself, my
favourite is ' kefir' . It's a
spec ial kind o f yogur t. I
think there's no English
wo rd for it . But it's
abso lutely _ _ .
Our cuisine may n ot be
the most _ _ in th e
wor ld, bu t I think it tastes
the best . It h as a long
h istory, too .
Restaura n ts have a lovely
_ _ in th e eve n ing, with
violins playin g a nd sad
songs .
I th ink th e situa tion for
_ _ ha s im proved in
recen t yea rs. But we really
love our meat!
Inevitably, fast food is
beco ming _ _ , wh ich is
causing a litt er prob lem, if
nothing else.
Sma rt answer key on page 181
11 For an informal letter, which sentence, A or
E, in the following pairs would be more
suitable?
I A I was pleased to receive yo ur recent letter.
B It was great to h ea r from yo u.
2 A I'll t ry a nd answer yo ur questi ons .
B I sh ould be delighted to respond to you r
enquiries.
3 A I trust yo u are in good h ealth.
B I hope yo u' re we ll.
4 A I look forw ard to h earin g fro m yo u in the
near future.
B Please write again soon .
Situational role-play
45 minutes
~ 20 m inutes
14 Read the instructions to exercise 16. Look at
the list of recommendations. Match each
recommendation with a reason 1-5 below.
I
2
3
4
5
becau se
becau se
because
because
becau se
if you don't, you' ll get fat .
you mustn't get col d.
if yo u don 't, you' ll get tir ed .
too much o f it m akes yo u fat .
you mustn't spread ge rms.
1S Look a t these comments m ade b y students
12 Look a t these openings a n d closings of
letters . W hich ones are fo rm a l, and which
in fo rma l?
Dear Sir/Madam /D irector
Dea r jessica
Yo urs faith full y
All the bes t
~
Speaking
Dear Ms Bowles
Lots of love
Yours sincerely
Inform al o pening
Fo rm a l opening
In fo rmal closing
Formal closing
co n sid erin g the recommendations from
exercise 16. What words are missing? Ch oose
the correct word for each ga p fro m the li st
underneath .
I We n eed to tell people to kee p clean _ _
that we can sto p illnesses sp readi ng.
2 It's im po rta n t to get people to slee p en ough
and m ainta in _ _ energy levels.
3 I thin k regular exe rcise is the _ _
importan t po int - kee ping fit .
4 I do n 't really ag ree . It's more impor tan t to
protect yo urse lf _ _ the co ld in win ter.
5 Well, what do yo u think _ _ the
recommendation to eat less suga r?
th eir • about • so • most • from
H OW TO STUDY
Which cl osings go with which openings?
WRITING EXAM
~ 60
minutes
Two of the most common ways of explaining reasons
are shown in exerci se 14: Take your umbrella, because
you mustn't get wet. OR Take your umbreilo, because if
you don 't, you'll get wet. Practi se explaining reasons in
these two ways until you can do this automatically.
13 Here is part of a letter you receive from an
En glish -spea kin g fr iend:
... and that's why 1'11I so curious to know about
YOllr country's food. I mean, what are the
national dishes? What are YOllr OWII personal
[avourites? Whell do yOIl eat YOllr main m eal of
the day? Is everything very traditi onai, or is it,
like ill so lIlallY countries these days, all
cha nging? ...
Write you r repl y to yo ur friend, answering
the questions. Write no more than 200
words.
Answers on page 182
LANGUAGE TIP
It's important to write letters appropriately. Don't send a
chatty note to a business and don't write to your friends
as if th ey we re gove rnme nt depa rtm ent s! The difference
SPEAK ING EXAM
.. 10 minutes
16 You and your partner have been asked to
choose the topic for a poster campaign in
your school. The topic you choose will be
the subject of posters displayed around
your school to improve health.
Discuss the options on the list below, and
choose the one you think is most suitable
for the poster campaign.
• eat less sugar
• always wash your hands
• dress sensibly
exercise regularly
• get enough sleep
Answers on page 182
affects everything, from the opening to the closing.
Smar t answer key on pag e 182
HEALTH
81
Picture-based discussion
~ 25 m inutes
17 Read these sen te nces about food a n d ea ting.
Ca n yo u co m p lete them b y writi n g o ne word
fro m the list below in each ga p?
in
2
3
4
5
with
to
of
the
Of co u rse, I accept that fast food has th e
adva ntage _ _ co nvenience .
_ _ truth is, a lot of our traditional
n ation al di sh es aren 't very healthy eithe r.
Actua lly, th e most important thing is _ _
have a balanced diet.
I don 't thi n k a burger and ch ips provides
yOll _ _ enough vitami ns.
I prefer th e ra nge of flavours
yo u get _ _ traditional di she s.
18 Ca n you put the words in the correct order
to make senten ce s? Eac h se nte nce co ntains a
reason why people buy fast foo d .
If yOll have to work late, fast your di n n er
you can food a way ea t on home.
2 For young peop le, alt ernative is to a cheap
fast food a restaura nt.
3 Let 's face it, they don 't means it so me fast
food people an d like coo kin g don 't do have
to .
4 If you need to provide grou p a meal, with
large a fast food is a n way easy to do it.
~ 10 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
19 Look at the two photos of food. Co m pa re
and co n trast the two meals shown.
• Wha t kinds of food are there?
• Whi ch is h ealthier?
• Which would you pre fer?
Answers on page 182
EXAM TIP
Begin by describing what yo u can see in th e phot os.
Say something about one phot o and t hen compare that
to th e other photo. After making a number of
observations, you can move on to express ing opinions.
The prompt questions wi ll usually guide you.
82
HEA LTH
Smart answe r key on page 18 2
--~----~--
-
HIGHER LEVEL
Listening
~ 20 minutes
1 Read the instructions for exercise 4 and answer the questions.
I
2
3
How many people are you going to hear?
What are they going to talk about?
What do yo u have to write?
words. Which words could fit into each gap in the sentences?
Use each word only once.
running • smoke • dangerous
basketball • money
mountain •
What part of speech is the word that best fits each gap?
3 Write another word of your own for each gap that would fit
sentences 1-8. If you're working with a partner, compare your
lists.
~ 10 minutes
LISTENING EXAM
4
~ 18 You're going to listen to a conversation in which three
friends talk about medical problems they have experienced.
Before you listen, read through the text below. As you listen,
complete the text by writing one word in each gap 1-8.
John
1 He hurt his foot when he was on a
2 His doctor told him not to
_
3 When he's ill, his favourite food is
15 minutes
S Read the article in exercise
2 Look at the sentences with gaps in exercise 4 and this list of
dairy products
roast chicken
Use of English
_
6 on page 84. Now decide if
statements 1-6 below are
true (1') or false (F).
I Cold weather is the main
cause of colds. _ _
2 In the drier seasons we are
more prone to illnesses
like colds and flu . _ _
3 Most people suffer from
colds, especially between
early autumn and the
spring. _ _
4 Children suffer from colds
and flu less often than
adults . _ _
5 It's best not to have any
physical contact with the
person who suffers from a
cold . _ _
6 You can't get ill from
shaking hands with
someone with a cold .
_
Agneta
4 She broke her leg when she was
_
5 Her father had forgotten to organise any
6 She missed
when she was recovering.
for her.
David
7 He thought his spots were very
8 He's not allowed to eat any
_
_
EXAM TIP
Read the instructions very carefully: do you need to write one or two words?
Should you write numbers? Don't expect to guess the correct answers
without listening. But do try to see what sort of word or words or numbers
will fit in each gap.
Smart answer key on page 182
HEALTH
83
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
..
10 minutes
6 Read the magazine article below which
gives yo u advice about the prevention a n d
treatment o f colds. Fill in the gaps with the
best word: a, b, c, or d to form a coherent,
logical and grammatical text.
Reading
40 minutes
7 Read these pairs of sentences. Ch oose fro m
the list of words and phrases below to fill the
gaps and create a logical link.
as a result of
although
so
because of this
Health smart
1 He seem s to be add icted to ice-cream. He's
The cold and flu season is back again, so it's
time to ' _ _ up on preventio n an d
treatment. z_ _ to popular belief, cooler
weather doesn't cause co lds. What is more
likely is that we stay indoors more, giving
viruses ' _ _ to spread fro m pe rson to
pe rson. In add it io n, the co ld m onths are
associated ' _ _ lo w humidity, an d the dr y
a ir m akes t he n asal cavity mor e susceptible to
bugs. Co n seq u en tl y, cases of co lds and flu
surge between the begin n ing of autu mn a nd
spring (t he s _ _ adult gets two to four
respiratory infections a year; children even
more). Because the seaso n is upon us, it is a
good ' _ _ to revise a few co ld and flu
tactics.
get t ing very fat.
He seem s to be add icted to ice-cream .
_ _ _ _ , h e's gett ing ve ry fat.
2 Somebody rang whil e she was cooking . She
bu rnt th e di n n er.
Somebody ran g wh ile she was cooki ng
_ _ _ _ she burnt t h e d in ner.
3 I don 't feel hungry now. I o n ly had a little
lunch .
_ _ _ _ J o n ly had a little lunch , I do n' t
feel hungry now.
4 It's Nation al Diet Week. The town 's
restaurants are losing m o ney.
The town's restauran ts are losin g m oney
_ _ _ _ Nat io n al Diet Week .
To p reve n t an infecti on, the best defence is a
good offence. The first ste p is to r _ _
physical co ntact wit h the co ld sufferer. When
someone with a co ld sneezes, co ug hs o r
sniffles, ' _ _ your dis ta nce. Huggi ng , kiss ing
and shaking hands are sure ways to catch a
cold.
1 a bri ng
b brus h
c get
d ta ke
5 a
b
c
d
ave rage
d ifferen t
o rdinary
same
2 a
b
c
d
Co n t rary
Opposite
Similar
Un like
6 a
b
c
d
idea
suggestion
sense
advice
3 a
b
c
d
chan ce
chances
the o ppo rtu n it ies
an o ppo rt un ity
7 a
b
c
d
break
control
limit
lose
8 a
b
c
d
cover
4 a fo r
b on
c to
d with
judge
keep
rem ember
An sw ers on page 183
EXAM TIP
If you're not sure if an answer is correct, make sure that
all t he other possi ble answers are w rong. You w ill then
know if the wo rd you've chosen is the best.
8 Read paragraphs A-I in exercise 9. Then look
at the statements below a n d decide if each
statement is true or false, according to the
information in the paragraphs.
A Th e meaning of t he wo rd ' diet' h as cha nged .
B Before the di scov ery of Vita m in C, sailo rs
used to suffer more from sea sickness. _ _
C Willi am th e Co nq ueror t ried losin g weig ht
by stayin g in bed a nd drin kin g alco hol.
D Befor e the beginning o f m od ern food
scien ce, nobo d y understood wh y so me
people gain ed weight while o th ers d id n 't .
E For most people, eat in g a va ried di et ens u res
weig h t loss. _ _
F Dieti ng is a ve ry m odern pheno m en on.
G So me di et s help people ga in we igh t. _ _
H Wilbur Atwat er introduced a new
measurement for weigh t. _ _
Modern food scien ce starte d w ith t he
d iscovery of Vitamin C. _ _
EXAM TIP
Two things can help you to decide the correct order of
paragraphs wit hin a text. O ne is the overall mean ing -
the logic of the subject. The ot her is the linking
language - t he wo rds and phr ases that tell w hat comes
before and after something else. In the exam, you need
to th ink about both these things .
84
HEALTH
Smart answer key on page 183
~ 25 minutes
READING EXAM
9 The title o f the article below is The history of dieting. Paragraphs 8-H a re in
the wrong order. Decide on the co rr ect order for the paragraphs, and write the
letter next to the number below. The first and last paragraphs are correct .
1
A
4
7
258
3
6
9
The word "d iet' or iginally meant "things tha t peo ple usually cat', bu t, th ese days, we use
the wo rd to mea n an eating patt er n o r programme designed to cha nge some thing.
e
e
But it has take n a lon g time to fi nd o ur exactly what these arc. Sea tra vel led [0 some
increase in understa nd ing . When it became possible to bu ild ships tha t cou ld go on lon g
voyages, sailo rs sta rted to spe nd many mo nths at sea. They also starte d getti ng a stra nge
d isease called 'scurvy'. Eventually, it becam e dear that th ey neede d fru it or vegetables to
survive. Today, we know that Vita min C is the reason .
But when d id it all start? T he re's a sto ry that in 108 7, William the Conq ue ro r, King of
England, had beco me so fat th at he co uld no longer ride his horse. H e stayed in bed an d
d ran k alcohol instead of eating fo od to try and lose weight .
Although the d iscovery helped their lives, there was much more that wasn't known.
Nobody knew, for example, why so me people got fat an d others d id n' t, o r what to do
ab o ut it .
e
o
Now, it may o r may not have wo rked for him, but we can't really reco mm end it as an
approach fo r most people . What 's important is the kinds of food yo u eat, because d ifferen t
foods co ntai n d ifferent th ings o ur bo d ies need .
H owever, despite all these, we usually say 'd iet' ab out losing weig ht. T his is 'cert ainly the
area where th e mo ney ge ts spe nt. And it has a long histor y.
We could be talking abo ut anyo ne o f man y di ffe ren t kinds. There are d iets fo r avo id ing
certain che micals, like salt, and th ere are d iets to increase amo unts of certa in things, like
po tassium. There are even diets to help peo ple put o n weight.
T hen, in the 189 0s, a che mist called Wilbur Arwar er bega n investiga ting ho w fo ods
co nsisted o f proteins, fats, and carbo hydra tes. He fo und tha t he co uld measure the heat
value of these by bu rn ing them and called a un it of this heatin g a "calo rie' .
o
T his meas uremen t he crea ted can be seen as th e sta rt of modern foo d science and dietin g.
Since th en , kno wled ge has come q uickly - som e peo ple say to o qu ickly!
Answers on page 184
Smart answer key on page 184
HEALTH
85
Writing
60 minutes
Because you are responding to a
Writing a letter from the editor
(of a student magazine)
letter you have received, yo u can
use the lette r as a sou rce for you r
10 Rea d th is part of a letter written by a sch ool magazine ed it o r.
For each gap, ch oose the correct answer : a, b, or c.
It sho uld be interesting ' _ _ othe r stude nts to read your
opinions. z_ _ we need to do now is to fin d out everybody else's
opin io ns . So let 's start by enco urag ing more people to write
lett ers, ' _ _ their point of view. We'll keep prin ting opinions as
long •_ _ you keep send in g them to us. We're also s_ _ to
arrange a kind of vot e about it. Th is will mean that th e sch ool
authorities are fully in formed of the situation .
1 a with
b in
c for
2 a What
b How
c Which
3 a giving
b h aving
c placin g
EXAM TIP
ru nning
b going
c makin g
5 a
ideas. How ever, avoid copying th e
words and phrases used in the
letter. Find you r own ways to
express your ideas.
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
20 minutes
13 Match the sen tence
beginnings 1-6 with the
en d in gs a- f.
4 a so
b by
c as
2
3
11 Rea d the instructions and the stu d en t's letter in exercise 12.
Do yo u ag ree with h er ideas? Why? / Why not?
~
WRITING EXAM
50 minutes
12 You a re the editor of a school magazine. Read the letter
bel ow, w h ic h yo u h a ve received and are going to publish in
the m aga zine.
Dwc Dckool Ne.WS,
I vJ~1\1- 1-0 cOI\A.pla il\ abolA1- he.al.f1.t and cc r school . There. ttre.
se.ve.c,,1 proble.MS. Firs-rl~ , -l-ke. lu,ck Orwk we. 'Je.-r ,,-r sckcor is
1-0 0 skor.f-. You C?H\ l\c* e.a.f- a prope..r M e-al il\ 15 1\l.;l\u-re..s e.spe.ci"lI~ i+ ~ou +irs-r k"ve. -l-c quwe. +oc ~ouc +ood i, -rke.
c" , -re.e..! We. Iwc. -rk,,-r " kwl-rk~ die.-r is iMpoC-r",-r, bu-r kow
~l\ uJe. e.a.f- ke..al..f-ki[lj ;+ . Hte.re.'s I\(..ve..r -riMe. +01 i.f-?
5e.co"'I~, we. do,'-r 'Je.-r e.'ouqk -riMe. +or e.<<.rc;se. ",d spor-r,
" '" -l-kis is, '-r 'Jood +or us , e.i-l-ke.c. The. ,,+.re.c-sckool spor-rs
clubs ,,-r ouc schoct MVe. c10se.d dow, be.cause. 0+ I"ck 0+ MO'e.~ .
F;l'\£tllljl I ..f-kil\k. Oaf' P.~. Ie.SSor\S should a llow ",ore. -riMe. +or qaMt. S
",d scoots. ",d le.s S -riMe. +or bori,'J e.<e.ccise.s! We. would ,,11 be.
MOCe. i,-re.ce.s-rw i, 'Je.-r-ri,'J +i-r-re.c.
Maljbe. ;1- ' S -riMe.. -l-c chal\qe.. al\d ..f-ke. school should -l-ake. SOMe.
45 minutes
4
5
6
You can avo id deve loping
tooth d iseases
Fluoride in your toothpase
You shou ld ch ange your
toothbrush
If you eat or drink a lot of
sweet things
Tooth decay is
It's a goo d idea
a every two or th ree
months.
b this might damage yo ur
teeth .
c ofte n caused by sugar.
d if you brush your teeth at
least twi ce da ily.
e to visit yo ur dentist
regul arly for check-ups.
f ma kes yo ur teeth stro nger.
14 Co m p lete t he sentences
w ith yo ur ow n id ea s.
1
helps yo u sta y
h ealth y an d prevents you
from getli ng ill.
2 If yo u feel yo u're gett ing
ill,
_
1
ac·hol\.
Yours +"i-rk+ulI~,
-gifa Kll-il\
3
, you sho uld go
to the doc tor im medi at ely.
4 It's important to
_ ___ regu larly.
You d ecide that yo u will publish you r letter of response to
this letter next to it in the m aga zine. Include the foll owing:
•
•
•
•
th an ks for the letter
co mmen ts on the poi n ts made in th e letter
sugges tions abo ut wh at should be done
encouragemen t to othe r stude n ts to write lett ers.
Write 200-250 words.
86
HEALTH
Smart answer key on page 184
~ 10 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
15 Look at the two photos. They show images
related to dental care. One shows
prevention, while the other shows
treatment. Compare and contrast the two
photos. How are they connected? What
advice would you give someone about
looking after their teeth?
Answers on page 184
Debate
25 minutes
16 Read the following words and phrases
connected to our modern way of life. Decide
if you think each thing is healthy or
unhealthy. Then add your own ideas to each
group.
gym s
fast food
cycle paths
commuting to work/school by public transport
living in cities
surfing the Internet
soft drinks
Healthy
Unhealthy
17 Read the statement in exercise 3. Why do
you think we tend to liver longer nowadays
than our grandparents? Read the ideas below.
Write down at least five more reasons.
improved healthcare, better medicines,
more free time to concentrate on ourselves
HOW TO STUDY
The speaking exam w ill ofte n require you to talk about
different or co ntrove rsial aspects of a subject. Pre pare
v,
.
for this w it h yo ur fri end s. Have discussions or arguments
in Engl ish.
""
SPEAKING EXAM
~ 10 minutes
18 Read the following statement. What do
you think? Prepare arguments to support
your opinion, then discuss the issue with
your partner, responding to their counterarguments, as well.
I
Some people believe that our modern lifestyle
is very unhealthy. However, we tend to live
longer than lOO years ago .
Answers on page 184
/
EXAM TIP
Listen carefully to w hat your speaking part ner (o r you r
'I
\
exami ner) is saying, so you know what you nee d to
react to. While yo u' re listening, collect your ideas. Try to
bu ild on or respond to what yo ur partner has said.
Re member th at yo u do n't have to agree w ith your
partn er (or yo ur examiner)!
Smart answer key on page 184
HEALTH
87
Reading
~ 40
minutes
1 Read the introductory
paragraph of the interview
in exerc ise 3 . Which
sen tence SU IllS up best what
the inte rvi ew is abo ut?
a jason ta lks abou t hi s
experiences as a player for
Liverpool Fe.
b jason tells us what it is
like to be a suppo rte r of
Liverpool Fe.
c j ason informs us abo ut
t he activit ies of the
Live rpool FC fan club .
2 Read the interview in
exercise 3 qu ickly. Wri te
READING EXAM
3 Read the follo wing interview with jason Eva ns fro m Liverpool.
The reporter's q uestions h ave b een rem o ved . Match the
repo rte r's questi ons A-G to each paragrap h 1-6 t h a t sh o u ld
fo llow t hem . There is o ne question t hat yo u wo n 't n eed to u se.
Good times, bad times
[ason Evans, 28, has been a fan of Liverpool Football Club
sinc e he wa s five. H e told us about his expe rience s.
1
Well, it wasn' t really an automatic cho ice. There's always a lot of
tension betw een us in the family whe n the two local team s play
each othe r. My fathe r and my olde r broth er support Eve rton, but I
suppo rt Liverpool.
2
I rem emb er watching Everton play Liverpool with my dad on TV
at my uncle's house a few weeks after my fifth birthd ay. They were
both wearing their Everton team shirts - and were getting more
and more dep ressed as the game we nt on because Liverpool were
two goals up by half-time. And I just loved the wa y the Red s
played that da y. I remember jumping up and down with joy when
they sco red the first goal. Then my dad told me that I was actually
chee ring for ' the w rong tearn ' ... But I swore to myself that one da y
I wo uld become a Liverpool player myself.
down what happens or
happened at each of these
times in jason's life.
a few week s after h is fift h
birthday:
2 wh en he was at sch ool:
3 at the age of twelve:
3
I played in the school team for a few yea rs. I was only the reserve
goalkeepe r, so I didn't often get a cha nce to play in the compe titive
matches. But I've never played for a serio us team, no. Then, whe n I
was about twe lve , I won a sw imming competition, and I've been
concentrating more on my swimming ever since .
4 every yea r:
5 in 2005:
6 when he wa n ted to go to
t he FA Cup Final:
4
I bu y a season ticket every yea r, and I go along to all the home
ga mes . No t just the Premi ership matches, but the cup games and
friend lies, too. And whenever I can, I travel whe n we p lay away
from hom e. I read the team's website regul arl y, and occasionally
contribute to a fans' newsletter. too. Oh , and I wea r red every
Satur day, of course!
EXAM TIP
Before you start filling in the gaps,
read the text quickly to find out
what it's about. Read the text
again more carefully and identify
5
When we wo n the Cha mpions ' League in 2005. Tha t was amazing!
I watched the ga me on TV with my mates. Three-nil down at half
time, then we equ alised , and ende d up winn ing it all on penalties.
I was sitting on the edge of my seat all evening. And I have to
ad mit, I wa s in tears w hen the game ended . I still can' t believe it!
the main idea in each paragraph .
Then read the m issing questions
and think about what information
they're looking for. Now all you
have to do is match the topic of
each paragraphs to the question.
Remember, the re is one qu estion
you won't find an answer for.
88
SPORT
6
I wa s going to go wit h my friend, N ick to Card iff for the FA Cup
Fina l against West Ham. Our car broke down on the motorway and
had to be towed aw ay for repairs. I didn't man ag e to get to Cardiff,
and there wa sn 't even a TV I could watch the game on . Luckily. my
girlfriend taped the game for me, so I could see it wh en I got home
in the evening.
Smart answer key on page 184
. . 25 minutes
A Have you eve r p layed
foot ball yourself
professionally?
B What's yo u r first mem or y
of bein g a Liverpool
su ppo rte r?
C What was your best
experien ce of being a fan ?
D How do you support your
tea m? W hat do you do in
a typical week ?
E When did yo u first go to
watch a live game at
Liverpo ol ?
F What was yo ur ma in
reason for choosin g
Liverpool FC to sup po rt?
Do yo u suppo rt the same
team as your fam ily?
G Wha t was yo ur b iggest
di sappointment?
Listening
25 minutes
4 Read the instructions and the multiple-choice sta te m ents in
ex ercise 6 . W hat a re yo u go in g to h ear about? Give as m u ch
inform a tio n as p ossible.
The record ing is about
_
S Two of the three state men ts a-c in each gro up 1- 3 ha ve the
sa me meani n g. Which two ?
I a All's and Laila's boxin g techniques are n ot a like.
b Ali doesn't like Laila's boxing.
c Laila do esn't bo x like All.
2 a He had won three cha m pio nsh ips by the age o f 25.
b He won the championsh ip three times before he turned 25.
c He won the first three cha m pio nsh ips wh en he was 25.
3 a It too k him less time th an anyone ex pec ted to win the
match .
b He took longer to win th e mat ch tha n everyo ne expec ted .
c He won th e match ea rlier than eve ryo ne expected.
LISTENING EXAM
~
10 minutes
6 of,19 You are going to hea r about a famous sportsp erson .
First read the statements and the possible options below.
Ch oose the best option: a, b, or c, to com p lete eac h
statem en t about the recording.
2
3
4
5
Muhammad Ali
a first beca me fam o us as a rap pe r.
b o rgan ised an ti-racist demon strations.
c won three Olympic gold med als.
d was goo d at composing poems.
Ali's first boxin g coac h was
a a po licema n in his ho me town .
b the Louisville Club owner.
c a te levision repo rter.
d a forme r thief.
All's career as an amateu r boxer
a lasted nearl y 18 yea rs.
b en de d whe n h e was 18.
c brought h im on ly a few mat ch victories.
d didn't bring him po pularity.
In the 60s, Ali
a served in the American ar my.
b spent five years in prison.
c lost his champion's title.
d refused to fight in cha mpionships.
In retirem ent, Muhammad Ali
a sto pped taking part in public activ ities.
b sup ported his da ughter's boxin g career.
c wrote for sports magazin es.
d was still very popular.
Answers o n page 185
Answers on page 184
Smart answer key on page 184
SPORT
89
Writing
EXAM TIP
W hen you are listening for the first tim e, read the mul tip le-choice statem ents
and mark the answe rs. The statements appear in the same order as the
information about them in the recording. If you don't know the answer to an
item , don 't stop there, continue listening and m arking your answ ers. You'll
have tim e to look at the unsolved item s w hen you're listening for the second
tim e. If you really don't know the answer after the second listening, mark any
answ er. Don 't leave any item s w ithout an answ er.
Use of English
~ 20
. . 110 minutes
Writing an email
. . 35 minutes
9 Rewrit e these sen tences to
cha nge th em from a ctive to
passi ve.
Almost eve ry boy in m y
region plays basket ball.
minutes
7 Which o f the a lte rna t ives is co rrec t in the following sentences?
Ch oose t he right ve rb .
2 Everyone ad m ires
O lym pic cha m pio ns.
1 Millions of peop le watch / vie w th e Olym p ic Games o n TV.
2 Ath letes fro m all aroun d the wo rld are go ing to co m pe te /
op p ose fo r the ch ampionship.
3 The win ne r is th e tea m wh ich won / sco red mo re goa ls th an
their oppo ne n ts.
4 I know a good sports cen tre whe re we ca n d o / p la y te n nis for
free.
5 jayn e d oes / exercises yoga every Th ursday eve n ing .
6 In field hockey, players use a stic k to hit / score th e ball in to
th e goa l.
7 Ellen MacArthur h as sailed / driven arou nd th e wo rld in h er
bo at.
8 Go lf pl a ys / is pl a yed o n a golf course.
3 Our co untry wo n a total
o f te n m edals in the last
Olym pic Ga me s.
4 I'm afraid fewer yo ung
peopl e will play spo rt in
th e fut ure.
minutes
5 Ove r 20 m illion people
wa tc hed t h e league
cham pions h ip fin al.
8 The following sentences about the modern Olympic Games
have be en jumbled up. Put the words in each sentence in the
co rrect order.
10 Ca n yo u fi n d a n d co rr ect
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
~ 15
Ath en s / held / Olympic Ga mes / Th e / first / in / modern /
were / 1896. / in
gold / winner / wins / each / of / a / com petition / The / medal.
win n ers / played . / their / When / m edal, / th eir / the /
n ati onal / receive / an t he m / is
also / 1924 . / years / been / Winter Olym pics / every / h as / a /
four / since / Th ere
o n ly / co m pe te / Before / th e / amateurs / could / in /
Olympic Ga mes . / 1988
wat ched / peopl e / Ove r / th e / television. / Syd ney Olympics /
3.5 / billi on / o n
in / thousand / Mo re / t ha n / 2004 / com petitors / to ok /
eleven / part / in / Sum mer Olym pics. / the / Syd ney
t he / Th e / large / it / of / w ho / take / Olympics. / makes /
n umber / d ifficult / expensive / pa rt / for / h ost / to / people /
cities / o rga n ise / and
Answers on page 185
LANGUAGE TIP
t he six mistakes in th is
email a bou t sport?
..
'"
ill
Th ere's nobody inthe world as
mad on sport than my sister.
She wakes up talking about it,
and plays it all seco nd she car
ofthe day. Ithink she dreams
about it at night. Her bedroom
walls is covered in posters of
famous sportspeople. All her
friends are just same. I'm total
different. I can take it or leave
it. Iwatch a game of football
occasionally, but only if there
isn't the good film on.
English has a very clear sentence st ructure. The order of t he wo rds is different
in statem ents and questions. In t his task, decide if th e item s are statem ents or
q uestions. Check if there are any oth er clues abo ut w hat type of sentence it
might be (conditional? passive? relative clause?). Find the subject and the
verb first. If you can w ork out the m eaning of the sentence from t he
individu al wo rds, it wilt be easier for you to reconstruct it.
90
SPORT
Smart answer key on page 18 5
WRITING EXAM
~
20 minutes
11 You see this announcement in an Internet
forum:
International
survey
•
Calling sports lovers everywhere!
We want to get a picture of sport around
the world.
Send us a message, telling us about:
• what sports are played in your region
• which ones are the most popu lar
• the differences between older and younger
people's interest in sports.
13 Match these parts of sentence s.
1 If you do n 't keep fit,
2 Team sports h elp people to develop a good
attitude
3 You need to understand th at you ca n
achieve mo re
4 Sport makes people
5 Keeping you r body he althy
6 Doing spor t is a ve ry soc iable a nd en joyable
A
B
C
D
E
F
to th e people they work o r study wit h.
helps your mind to be clearer.
as part of a team th an as an individual.
you'll en d up in hospital.
way to look after yo u rself.
behave in a less selfish way.
WRITING EXAM
~
60 minutes
14 Write a letter (ab ou t 200 words) to yo ur
Write yo ur m essage in 40-50 words.
Answers on p ag e 185
EXA M TIP
Make sure you show the examiners how mu ch English
you know. For example, look at the first point required:
'w hat spo rts a re played in your region ', Now, if you just
w rite a list of th e names of spo rts, you' re not go ing to
penfriend . Tell him or her a bou t yo ur
personal ex p erienc es of sp orts. Include the
foll owing information:
w h ich spo rts yo u have played
• wha t yo ur at titude is to sport
how you think sport can help peopl e in
th ei r lives.
Answers on page 185
be showing the examiners very much English. It's beller
to take the opportu nity to present you r ideas more
EXAM TIP
interestingly: 'Awide variety of sports are played in my
region, from football to ice hockey. We play different
sports at different times of year, so we go skiing in
If you're not really int erested in th e Writing exam
questions, don't wo rry ! Look at the th ree points yo u are
required to w rite abo ut: all three are possible to answer,
w inter and swimming in the summer.'
even ifyou hate sport. On the other hand, ifyou love
sport, be a little careful! Don't let your enthusiasm mean
Writing an informal letter
~ 75 minutes
that you write too much and forget to check for
mistakes!
12 Read th ese sentences ex p ressing opinions
about sport. Can yo u com p lete them by
writing one wo rd in each ga p?
1 I th in k spo rt is goo d _ _ you.
2 In my o pin ion, eve ryone sh ould do _ _
least o ne sport.
3 If yo u want to kn ow _ _ I think, spo rt is
boring.
4 I'm just not int erested _ _ spo rt.
5 I don't like swea t, dirt _ _ rain - and spo rt
seems to include all three.
6 After a da y in a n airles s classroom, I just
ca n't wait _ _ play som e sport.
Speaking
Situational role-play
45 minutes
~ 25 minutes
15 Read the ins t ructions for exercise 17 on p age
92 carefully. Loo k at t hese sentences that
so meone is as ki ng t heir partner. Ca n yOll put
t he words into the correct o rder?
2
3
4
S
Smart answ er key on pag e 185
~
Are / more / o r / you / p layin g / interested /
in / spo rts / wat ching / ?
Wh y / in teresting / do / find / more / you /
that / ?
Do / curren tly / of / you / kind / or / spor t /
play / watch / some / ?
What / it / is / about / you / t hat / like /
spor t / that / ?
How / h ave / yo u / ti me / for / mu ch / do /
a / ava ilable / sport / new / '!
SPO RT
91
16 Match these parts of
suggestions. For each
beginning 1-5, two endings,
A-D, are possible.
If I were yo u, I'd
2 Hav e you co nsidered
I
?
?
3 W hy don't yo u
4 I t h ink yo u shou ld
5 Hav e you thou ght abo ut
19 Rea d these sentences tha t some st udents sa id a bout t he two
p hotos. Ch oose fro m t he wo rds below to fill t he ga ps .
soon
long
ve ry
together
be tte r
just
1 I think they've _ _ won a race, probabl y a relay.
2 Mayb e she's go ing to be in a co m pe t ition _ _ .
3 I im agine they've become ve ry good friends by do ing spo rt
4 J think she mu st be _ _ det ermined to succeed .
5 I expect that t he ir team sp irit ha s h elp ed them to perform
?
6 I'd like to kno w how _ _ she's been interested in her sport.
6 You mi ght en joy
A
B
C
D
take up badminton
playing tennis o r sq uash
tr y so me kind of at h let ics
watchi ng su mo wrestl ing
SPEAKING EXAM
~
10 minute s
17 You have agreed to advise
your partner about the best
sport for him or her to play
or watch .
Find o u t whet he r yo ur
pa rt n er is more in terested
in p layin g or watch in g
spo rts .
• Find o ut what spo rts your
partner already plays or
wa tc hes.
Discu ss h ow much time
yo ur partner has ava ilable.
Recommend a spo rt to yo ur
partner, giving reasons.
~
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
20 Look at the two photos. One sh o ws somebody practising
for a sport. The other shows a group celebrating a result.
Co m p a re and contrast the two pi ctures. Co n side r the
fo llowing:
playing or winni ng
practisin g o r watching
•
•
indoo rs or outdoors
• so lo o r team effor t .
men and women
Answers on page 186
EXAM TIP
Talking ab out photos effectively usually involves using a range of verb
tenses. To describe a photo in a clear and simple way, the Present Simple
and Continuous tenses are usually suitable. Then you may want to
imagine t he past or futur e in relation to the photos. What happened
before the photo was taken? What's going to happen later?
Answers o n page 186
Picture-based discussion
. . 20 minutes
18 Read thes e se ntences that
stu de n ts sa id a bout the two
p hotos. Deci de if t hey a re
correct or incorrect. W here
there is a mistake, can yo u
co rrect it?
2
3
4
5
92
Sh e's dr essin g a bla ck belt, so
she m u st be reall y we ll.
All fou r o f t he m h ave abou t
the same age .
I wonder if she likes the
exe rcise or the fighting m ore.
You can see that they 're rea lly
pleased of themselves.
Perh aps a jo urn ali st fro m a
n ewspaper is taking the photo
o f them .
SPORT
Smart answer key on page 186
Reading
35 minutes
1 Read th e article in exercise
3 q u ic k ly, and d ecide
wh ich of the following
sentences b est describes
w hat it 's about.
1 Over weight ch ild ren
watch television more
ofte n.
2 Ch ildren watch less
television if they ha ve to
work for it.
3 Ch ildren like to com bin e
watching televis ion wit h
physical exercise.
2 Read se n ten ces 1-6 in
ex erc ise 3. Then underline
those parts of the a rticl e
th at ea ch se n ten ce re fers to.
Example:
1 The flew invention is II
television set com bined with
a bicycle.
In the text, yo u find :
'A television set that will
on ly work if ch ild ren
ped al an exe rcise bicycle
to provide th e electr icity
h as been invented by
research ers [...1at a New
York hospital.'
READING EXAM
~
20 minutes
3 Read the article about a new invention carefully and then
decide which of sentences 1-8 are true (T), which a re false
(F), according to the text.
pE1)1\L p~WE1\ T\'
TO UPROOT COUCH POTATO
A television set that w ill only w ork if children pedal an exercise
bicycle t o provid e t he elec t rici ty has been invented by
researcher s examining w eight problems at a New York hospital.
Experiments involving overwe ight children aged betw een
eight and twe lve showe d that tho se w ho had to pedal w hen they
wa nted to watc h their favourite programmes not only watc hed
far less television, but also recorded impressive loss of fat.
The 'co uch potato TV' was developed by researc hers at St
Luke's Roosevelt Hospital as a result of growi ng conce rn over
we ight problems among an increa sing number of Ameri can
children. David Allison, w ho headed th e research, said: 'I am not
naive enough to thin k we' re going to solve the wo rld's we ight
problems w it h TVs hooked to bicycles. But there are other things
we could do that are only limited by our imagination.'
Mr Alli son once proposed that people should be charged to
travel in lift s in an effort to encourage them to use t he stairs. He
said that 13% of Ameri can children we re considered seriously
overw eight, and that th e number w as growing . Duri ng the tests
children w ho had the 'c ouch potat o TV sets' w atc hed on average
one hour of television a we ek, w hile children in a second
'c ontrol' group w atc hed more th an twe nty hours.
HOW TO STUDY
We often use 'skimming' (readi ng
qui ckly without t rying to
understand every detail) in
everyday life, for example w hen
we skim through a new spaper
art icle to check if it wo uld be of
any interest to us. We only focus
on key wo rds and phrases to get a
general idea of w hat t he text is
abou t. Practise t his as ofte n as
possible.
1 The new in vention is a television set co m bined with a
bi cycle. T / F
2 Th e aim of the expe rime n t was to m easur e h ow mu ch
electr icity we can gen erat e th rough exe rcise. T / F
3 Mr Allison says wat ching te levision limi ts ch ildre n 's
imagin ation . T I F
4 Mr Allison tri ed to discourage peopl e from usin g lifts. T / F
5 Th e in ven tion has redu ced th e number of ove rwe ight
ch ildre n in the USA by 13% . T / F
6 All the ch ild ren in th e experi me n t watc hed television for
twe n ty hours. T / F
Answers on page 186
EXAM TIP
Start w it h skimming through the text to get a general idea. Ignore the wo rds
yo u don't know. Then fin d those parts of the text t hat contain the
information you need to do the task. Finally, decide whether a sentence is
tru e or false only after yo u have read t he relevant part of the text carefully. If
t here is no inf orma tion that co nfirms if a sentence is tr ue or not, mark false.
Smart answer key on page 186
SPORT
93
Listening
45 minutes
4 Answer the questions.
Wh at th ings do you th in k a re important for
do ing well at a sport?
Wh at th ings do you th in k are particularl y
important for cycle racin g?
7 ~ 20 YOu are going to hear a sports trainer
talking to a group of cy cl ists about
different aspects of training. Before you
listen, read through the notes below, and
think carefully about the kinds of words
that yo u will need to write in the spaces.
5 He re a re so me things students sa id a bo ut
sp ort a n d exerc ise. Match the beginnings of
the sentences 1-5 with the endings a-e.
I
2
3
4
5
To be good at a sport, you must
It's important that you have all
Without follow ing a suitable diet, you
If you look at success fu l spo rts people, you 'll
You need to have a good trainer to
a
b
c
d
e
have a high level of p hys ical fitn ess.
won't develop yo ur full poten tial.
help yo u bri ng out the best of your ability.
see that they're extreme ly am bitious.
the co rrec t equipme n t.
Clrcle tmi...i"'3
ckoiu of b ;~e is tke -Firs t tki"'3
I Mvi"'3 tke ri~kt
protects lr""
2. -..eel! to develop ~ s"'i t~ble
_
3 ...",st Mve
to develop
per-For~...ce
4- £e.CA.Y..,." kow to
w£.o..e.-» -)tot
t r CA. i-ni1'tC1
i-F 1\0'" do...'t
5
well ,
per~on. . e -ace wil£ decrease
b
t")r to
st~lr
6 Look at these sentences giving a d vice. Which
two se n tences do you think give the advice
less strongly than the others?
A It's important that you do mor e exe rcise
than yo u do at th e moment.
B I th in k you co uld do more exe rcise than you
do at th e moment.
C You really mu st do mor e exe rcise than you
do at th e moment.
D You sho uld do mor e exercise than you do at
the mom ent.
E You need to do more exe rcise than you do at
the moment .
F Make sure you do more exe rcise than yo u do
at the moment.
HOW TO STUDY
To practise you r note-taking skills, yo u can listen to
Remember, the words used to express the same
m eaning in th e task and in the recordin g ma y be
different. Listen for the ideas, not for the exact w ords.
Use of English
2
3
5
6
SPORT
40 minutes
8 Ch oose the correct alternati ve to co m p lete
each sen ten ce. Co nsider both the grammar
and the meaning of each option.
4
94
ti...es
EXAM TIP
recordings from you r Engl ish books before yo u do the
main points are.
~ t ~ll
Answ ers on pag e 186
exercise that goes w ith them . Instead, m ake your own
notes as you listen and write down what you think the
~ 10 minutes
LISTENING EXAM
Using illegal substances to enhance your
performance is usually harm / harmful for
yo ur body.
New measu res have been introduced to
facility / fa cilitate the post-competition
testing of athletes before they leave the
ven ue.
New laboratory tests that help identify /
id entification the substances used qu ickly
an d defi nitively a re deve loped a ll the time.
Ath letes m ust understand tha t these tests are
important / importance for th e fairness of
th e co mpet ition, rather tha n a n ecess ary /
an unneces sary intrusion in to their lives.
Some believe that the fact that the fate o f an
Olympi c titl e may n ow o n ly be d ecided /
decisive in the testing lab rather tha n in the
stadium ha s h ad a negative impact on the
prestige / prestigious of th e ga mes.
People who agree / di sagree with th e
introducti on of post-competition testing put
en terta in me nt before the health of ath letes
and before fair play.
Smart answer key on page 18 6
9 How many different words can you form using the prompts
from exercise 11?
vcrbs
nouns
adjectivcs
adverbs
useful
Writing
80 minutes
Writing an
argumentative essay
12 Read the statement in
useless
exercise 14. Makc some
notes under these hcadings:
necessary
unnecessary
refuse
offend
De·fj."ifio"" 0-1' spori '
qualify
disqualify
suffice
co m pe te
specta cle
10 Which words from exercise 9 have a negative form as well?
Add these to the table. How do you make a negative form ?
Exam p les:
useful > useless
necessary > unn ecessary
qualify > di squalify
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~ 15 minutes
11 Read the extract from an article about doping in sport. Fill
each gap with a word formed from the prompts givcn in
brackets.
13 Read the ideas below.
Decide which hcadings in
exercise 12 thcy bclong
under,
No dope, no hope?
The ' _ _ (USEFUL) by sportsme n of an y forbidd en
pharm aceutical subs ta nces o r method s co nsidere d as doping
z_ _ (NECESSARY) d isciplina ry action. Accord ing to the
regu latio ns of the sports fed erati ons, th e 3 _ _ (REFUSE) to ta ke
a n an ti-dopi ng test sho u ld be regard ed as a positi ve result of
suc h a test. Doping •_ _ (OFFEN D), if rep eated , may eve n
bring a lifetime s_ _ (QUALIFY).
But man y believe th at th e warning is "_ _ (SUFFICE). The lu st
for success and the desire to ach ieve bett er result s th an one 's
' _ _ (COMPETE) mean s tha t o ne forgets th e co nseq ue nces of
bein g found out. It is not on ly a race for ' _ _ (SPECTACLE)
results; it is also a race to find new method s of stay ing one step
ahea d of the scien tists working in the an ti-do ping lab orator ies.
Answen on page 187
EXAM TIP
• too co m petit ive
• h elps yo u co nce n trate on
studying
• enc ouragcs tea m build ing
• o rgan ised phy sical activ ity
in co m petition
• keeps yo u fi t
• creates co n flict
• makes peop le who don't
like it feel exclude d
• makes peopl e feel proud
If yo u ' re working with a
partner, di scuss your ideas
about the notes in exercises
12 and 13 . Ex p la in your
reasons.
Read t he text first to und erstand what it's about. Then decide what type of
wo rd is mi ssing from each sentence ( is it a verb, a noun , etc.? is it positive o r
negative?). Practise various ways of forming new words.
Sma rt answ er key on page 18 7
SPORT
95
~ 60
WRITING EXAM
minutes
14 Write an essay (200-250 words) for or
against the following sta tem en t:
Physical Educatio n should on ly be an
optio na l sub ject at school becau se not
everyone's equa lly good at sports.
Answers on page 187
EXAM TIP
The examiners expect to see w hat yo u know of English
in the 2 00 wo rds or so that yo u w rite in the W riting
exam. Make sure yo u show them w hat yo u can do!
When you practise writing tasks, get into the habit of
checking that you are using a wid e range of langua ge
(grammar and vocabulary).
When you finish your first draft, read it through, and
check for: numb er of adjectives and adverbs used,
active /passive structures, different verb tenses,
cond itional structures, mixture of sim ple and complex
sentences, ete. Don't forget to check also that yo u've
used these correc tly.
Speaking
45 minutes
Picture-based discussion
25 minutes
15 Read t hese sentences that students said about
the two photos. Ca n you think of words that
might fit in the spaces? When yo u have
considered yo ur own ideas, choose words
fro m the list underneath.
1 Altho ugh I ad mi re people who ca n com pe te
o n th eir ow n like this, I th ink it wo uld make
me very _ _ .
2 I kn ow from m y own expe rience tha t the re's
n o better _ _ than bein g part of a team
th at 's on its way to victo ry.
3 You see, in this picture, the coach has to
encou rage the players, bu t each swim me r in
the other picture has to be _ _ from in side.
4 I've n ever liked th e idea of tea m games , but I
do think doing exe rcise in this sort of _ _
way is ap pea ling.
5 Sport, as far as I'm conce rne d is basically a
_ _ act ivity, so I'm mu ch mor e att racted to
th is picture.
social
motivated
in depen dent
96
SPORT
feelin g
16 Read what a student has sa id about the two
photos and her own feelings about sport.
Ca n you find and correct the six mistakes
she's made?
To be h onestly, I don't really en joy looking at
these images! Isn't sport someth ing that
interests me much. I mean , of course I can see
that lots of people like it . Some peopl e are
com plete ly obsessed of it - my brother, for
exa mple. I think the problem for me is th at I
was bad at sport whe n I started sch oo l, and the
sports teacher mad e it ve ry clea rly that this was
true ! So we n ever really h ad a close
conv ersation suc h the one h ere, becau se I was
ne ver in the team . Sport always makes me feel
left away of th ings, not as goo d as ot her peopl e.
HOW TO STUDY
It's very com mon to find photos in magazines that are
connected in some way. W hen yo u come across them,
either im m ediately say some things to compare and
contrast them, or keep them to practise on later.
SPEAKING EXAM
... 10 minutes
17 Look at the two photos. One shows a sports
team talking together. The other shows
sportspeople competing in a n individual
sport. Com pare a n d con t ra st th e pictures.
Which one relates more closel y to you r
own id ea of sp o rt?
Answers on page 187
nervou s
Smart answer key on page 187
Debate
20 m inutes
18 Read the fo llow in g words and
ideas about extreme spo rts. Put
them into two groups: for and
against.
risk
adren aline rush
danger is exc iting
cha llengi ng your body
sense of ach ievement
doing some th ing dif ferent
accide n ts
fun ·
you n eed reliabl e eq uip ment
Fo r
Aga inst
Add som e ideas of your own,
as well.
SPEAKING EXAM
~
10 minutes
19 Read the following
sta te m ent. What d o you
think? Prepare arguments to
support your opinion.
Discuss the issue with yo ur
partner a n d respond to their
cou n ter-a rgu men ts.
Extreme sports are da ngerous,
but they are becoming more
and mo re popular wit h
teenagers. Extreme spo rts
should be banned .
Answers on page 188
EXAM TIP
In this task, it's possible that you don 't
have any strong opinions about the
subject you are given. In this case, just
choose w hichever side you have better
arguments for. The exam iner is
interested in finding out about your
com munication skills, yo u are not
tested on what your views are.
Smart answe r key on page 187
SPORT
97
Reading
30 minutes
1 Read through the a rticle in exercise 3 q uickly. Ignore t he ga ps.
Try to summarise in a sentence what each paragraph 1-4 is
about.
2 Read the following extract carefu lly, a nd decide which
sentence a-c fits logically in t h e gap.
The United Kingdom is the country with the biggest number of
daily papers in Europe.
Over 60% of all t itles are
tabloids.
a That's why the tabloids are so popu lar there.
b One in two Britons buys a newspaper every morni ng.
c That means an enormous n umber of trees are cut down .
EXAM TIP
Skimming (reading quickly
without looking at specificdeta ils)
through the text will give you a
gene ral idea of what the text is
about and how it is structured (in
othe r words, you will have a good
idea of what the individual parts
of the text are about). This will
help you match the sentences to
the right gaps.
READING EXAM
3 Read the article abou t the British p re ss. Seven extract s h a v e b een remov ed fro m
the text. Put an extract from A-H in t he correct gap 1- 7 to co mplete t h e text .
There is one ext ract you're not go ing to need.
(1) Newspapers ha ve existed in Britain since
1621. But for over 300 yea rs they were w ritten
and rea d by only a tin y m inor ity. '
The
Daily Ma il, w h ich is still running today, was the
mother of the m odern ta bloid, a nd the
beg inn ing of a whole new su bcult ure in th e
British press. Today more th an tw ice as man y
tab loids are so ld th an the so-called 'qua lity
p ress' titl es such as The Times or The Guardian.
(2) Origina lly, th e word tabloid referred to
th e size and forma t. '
Bu t today, for
most people, the word tabl oid has nothin g to d o
with sha pe and size. What ma kes a tabloid a
tab loid is content, an d above all, style. The
tab loids follow a spec ial formula: they rep or t the
news, sure, but on ly cer tai n kinds. J
_
Scandals, m urders and d isasters all are
described in detail, but the de tails of political
and economic life jus t do n' t appear. Tab loids
dedica te most of their pages to stories abou t
celeb rities. '
However, the tab loids
a re not simply an ir ritation for celebrities; they
a re also a vehi cle for self-p romotion, a m eans of
gaining popul ari ty.
98
FREE TIME A ND CULTURE
(3) Th ou gh they have millions of devoted
read ers, tab loids are also widely criticised in
Britain . They are accused of being sensationalist,
h yp ocritical, in b ad taste, an d of having no
et hical standards in their reporting methods.
s
Th eir 'research' metho ds are totall y
uneth ical. They w ill tap people's p hones, follow
them on holiday, and even break into their
houses in order to ge t a sto ry. •
As a
consequence of th is attitude, many peop le
beli eve th at it was the tab loid s, and the
papar azzi, w hich caused the tragic dea th of
Pri ncess Dian a.
(4) So why on earth does Britai n, w hich h as
access to the best press agencies and the highest
journalistic standards, consume tabl oid s like
chocolate? r
Tabloids a re not actua lly
about news at all; tab loids a re just about gossip.
And we all know that w hen it comes to gossip,
wha t matters is not w hat is true or what is kind,
but what is en tertaining and w hat is funny. The
more in bad taste a story is, the funnier it seems.
A nd bad taste is what the British tabloid s have
m ad e in to an a rt.
Smart answer key on page 188
Listening
35 minutes
4 Can you write one word in each gap to
complete these questions?
1 Wh at's
last film you saw?
2 Was it at th e cine ma ,
was it o n TV
or DVD?
Why d id yo u choose
see it?
W ho did yo u see it
?
What d id you th ink was goo d
it?
yo u didn 't like?
Was there
Wh o was it di rected
?
Who played
main par t?
_
Have yo u seen those acto rs in
film s?
10 Did it
a lot of special effects?
S Write answers to the questions in exercise 4.
Practise saying them a lou d . (You could
record yourself doing this, and then listen to
yo urself.)
6 Read these pairs of sentences carefully.
Decide if they have the same or different
meanings.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 A The weat her was bad in the morning, bu t
then it turned out nic e.
B The day began with bad wea th er bu t it
got bet ter.
2 A 1 really want somethi ng to eat.
B I'm feeling very hungry.
3 A I th in k my grandfather's sto ries are more
interestin g than hi stor y books.
B I prefer learn ing abo ut h istor y from
proper boo ks to listening to my
gran d fathe r's sto ries.
4 A I wonde r if m y bro ther will go to the
con cert.
B I expec t m y brother will wa nt to go to th e
concert.
. . 20 minutes
A Wh en criticised for their actions, the
tabloids sta te that th e public has a right to
know abo ut an ything and everything, but
celebrities ha ve no rights to privacy at all.
B You won't find anything on changes in the
stock market, but you can be sure to read if
th e prime minister's wife has a lover.
C Tabloid papers were smaller and handier
th an normal newspapers, known as
b road sh eets.
D Maybe the reason is that we have en ough
n ews on the television, the radio and in th e
quality newspapers.
E But the co n te n t is on ly half the sto ry. Th e
real key to th e tabloid newspaper is the style.
F Whe n, in 1896, a new newspap er was
produced in large numbers and at suc h low
pri ces th at ordinary people could bu y it on
eve ry street corner, it was an instant success.
G An d it's enough to take a quick glance
throu gh a tabloid to see that many of th ese
acc usa tions are justified.
H Thi s involves phot ographing them in
emba rrass ing situations, gossiping abou t
th eir pri vat e lives and generall y making
th em look a bit silly.
.
Smart answe r key on page 188
-
LISTENING EXAM
7
~ 15 minutes
" 21You will hear three frie n d s talking
a bo ut a film they went to see. Before yo u
listen, read through the list of sta temen ts
below. As you listen, de cide whether eac h
sta tem en t is true (T) or fa lse (F).
2
3
4
5
6
Anna was lookin g forward to seeing the
film . T / F
Maria felt hungry during the film. T / F
David thinks the film was very long. T / F
Maria says the story was very interesting.
T /F
Anna thinks the book is more interesting
than the film. T / F
David is going to buy the film on DVD as
a present for his sister. T / F
An swers on page 188
EXAM TIP
Be careful w hen doing listening tasks in the exam. Don't
just match a qu estion to someth ing in the record ing
because a w ord is the same. Think carefully about the
meaning of the words and sentences you hear.
Answers on page 188
FREE TIME AND CU LTURE
99
Use of English
... 25 minutes
8 Read the text in exercise 9 and a ns w er the questions. Don't fill
in a ny gaps ye t .
I Wh at typ e o f film is City of Angels?
2 Wh o are th e m ain acto rs in th e film ? What are the names o f
th eir characters?
3 What's Set h 's responsibility in Los An geles?
4 What h appen s between the two main ch aracte rs?
S What ch oice does Set h face?
6 Is there any aspec t of the film that the reviewer is not so
impressed wit h?
7 Wh y does the reviewer cons ider the photograph y effect ive?
8 Wh o does the reviewer recommend th e film to?
~ 15
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
minutes
9 Read this film review and fill in the eight gaps with the best
word or phrase from A-I below. Use each word or phrase
only o n ce . Th ere is one word or phrase that you will not
need to use.
Directed by Brad Silbe rling and photographed by Joh n Seale.
City of Angels fa lls into t he category of rom ant ic fantasy. The
story is set in Los Angeles and t he two prot agonist s are Seth,
' _ _ by the excelle nt Nico las Cage, and Magg ie - the
st unning Meg Ryan.
Seth, ' _ _ with all the other black- cloaked ange ls who
w at ch over the city of Los Angeles, is charged with escorting t he
spirits of t he dyi ng t o Heaven and helping t he living cope with
their daily problems. We meet the angeis in the library w here
t hey eavesdrop on the t ho ughts of readers. Seth fa lls in love
with the sensit ive doctor, Maggie, and must choose between his
immortality w ithout ' _ _ the pain or t he j oy of physical
existe nce and the option of becoming human .
' _ _ I particula rly li ked about t his f ilm was the excellent
performance of t he actors . ' _ _ the dialogues between t he
charact ers might seem simplistic, t he emotions seen on the
act ors' faces tel l us more than anything they might say. ' _ _ ,
the photog rap hy in the f ilm is very im pressive. Each close-up
shot seems to be steeped in meani ng and I am positive that
' _ _ scenes will evoke deep emot ions in every sensitive viewer.
I have seen City of Angels several ti mes myself and I can
st rongly recomme nd it to anyone w ho likes watch ing good and
engrossing fi lms. ' _ _ is defin itely worth t heir t ime . The
ending is totally unexpected and will leave you speechless for a
long time after the credits have f inished rolling.
A This one
B performed
C What is more
D ce rtain
E alo ng
EXAM TIP
First fill in the gaps that you are
certain abo ut. M ark each w ord or
phrase t hat you have used. Then
fo r each rem aining gap, try to rule
out the wo rds or phra ses that are
definitely wrong. This will reduce
the number of options to choose
from.
Writing
. . 90 minutes
Writing an email
. . 25 minutes
10 Ca n you find a n d correct
the eigh t mistakes in this
te xt?
Th ere's wonderful sta tue in
City Park, wh ich is on ly few
m in u tes' wa lk fro m wh ere I
live. It's ab solutely fascin ated.
It 's fro m George Frin, a local
scu lptor. It loo k likes Henry
Moore ma de it. I don 't know
very much about it, exce pt
that it were put in the park
whe n I wa s still in a
pus hc hair. Thes e da ys, I love
go there with my book, an d
t h en J sitti ng n ext to it and
read an d look up at it an d
sm ile.
11 Write in t he co m p ara tive
and su p erla tive forms of
these words and phrases:
l
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
aid
impor tan t
frequ ently visited
well kn own
beaut ifu l
popular
arch itecturally sign ifican t
photographed
writ te n abo ut
F What
G either
H Althou gh
I played
Answers on page 189
lOO
FREE TIME AND CULTU RE
Smart answer key on page 188
15 Read the in structions for exercise t6 . Loo k at
HOW TO STUDY
There are ma ny things that you could have a favourite
one of - think about sports, musicians, places, and so
on. You can make a kind of game of it with your friends.
One of you says a category, and everyone says the ir
favourite, giving reason s.
WRITING EXAM: EMAIL MESSAGE
~
15 minutes
12 You receive this email fro m a penfriend :
•
e
l ri'
-G -----...
In our school project, we' re try ing
•
to find out what the best loved
work of art in the wo rld is. Can you
help us? What's your favourite
work of art? (It could be any
picture, statue, building, ate]. Wh at
these sentences taken from a st u de n t's letter
a bo u t a co ncert they wen t to . Ca n YQU put
the se n tences in to the correct o rde r, so th at
they fo llow the required poi nts in the
In struct ions? Th ree of the se ntences a ll relate
to the same po in t.
a SQ we all went along to see June Tabor, the
legendary folk singer. b I t ho ug h t it was grea t
th at I cou ld finally see her live, not just h ear
recordings. c I'd listened to h er so ngs m any
times, because my brother's always playi ng
th em. d Th e on ly problem was that I h ad a bad
seat , and could n 't see very well. e It wasn't
reall y m y choice, but th ey'd bo ug ht ticke ts for a
co n cert. f My older brother and tWQ of hi s
friends in vited me to go ou t wit h t hem one
eveni ng . 9 She's got real ene rgy an d passion,
an d YQU can feel it whe n she performs,
1_
_ 2 __ 3 _
_ 4 __
5 __ 6 __ 7 __
do you know about its history?
W hy do you like it so much?
--Writ e yo u r reply to yo u r penfriend in
about 50 words.
An swe rs o n pag e 189
Writing an informal letter
16 You recently attended a performance
(music, theatre, dance, etc). Write a letter
in 120-150 words to tell your p enfriend
about it. Include t h e following:
~ 65 minutes
13 Pu t the underlined words in to the co rrect
order to m ake se ntences fro m the beginni n g
of a letter to a frie n d.
•
•
•
•
who you wen t wit h
wha t eve nt yo u we nt to
why you chose t hi s event
what YQU liked about it
what YQU didn't like about it.
I It from was goo d yo u h ear really to .
2 I en joy your hearin g news always .
3 I' m glad in long m anaged for stay we've so
to to uc h.
4 Tha n k yo u much very the en closed photos
for.
5 Sorry busy I bee n but soon er reply I've so
didn 't .
14 Pu t the underlined words into the correct
~ 50 minutes
WRITING EXAM
An sw ers o n pa ge 18 9
EXAM TIP
The beginnings and endings of man y lett ers are always
very similar. Practise w riting the familiar parts, so that
you don't w aste time thinking too hard about these
sections of the letter in the writing exam. You can find
useful tips for writing an informal lett er in the Writing
Bank on page 132.
order to ma ke sentences fro m th e en d section
of a letter to a fr iend.
2
3
4
5
I'd sto p to better get m y back and
h omework.
Please soo n aga in writ e.
I co me an d h op e me you can one day visit.
Please your parents to my regards give.
Looking in tQ YQU later forward the su m mer
seein g.
Smart answ er key on page 18 9
FREE TIME AND CULTU RE
101
Speaking
Situational role-play
.... 60 minutes
~ 3 5 m inutes
17 Read the instructions fo r exercise 19
carefu lly. Then look at this jumbled d ialogue:
two students a re performing the task. Ca n
you put the di alogue into the correct order?
_ _ Well, then I'd say the tennis an d the
ga mes are n't any good .
_ _ Yes, that seems a good way to do it .
_ _ We co uld say first the ones we think we
sh ou ld definitely n ot choose.
__ OK, we need to di scu ss these. Where sh all
we start?
_ _ You mea n because yo u can pla y tennis
anyw here?
_ _ Oh, wh y's that ?
_ _ And I ag ree wi th yo u.
_ _ Yes, I do, exactly that.
_ _ They're n ot spec ial, I m ean, they' re not
typical of our to wn, are they?
18 Here is a n ot her part of the same dialogue.
Can yo u p u t these lines into the correct
order, too?
_ _ O r the lovely rain.
_ _ Do yo u think they'll find it interesting?
_ _ Well, they wo u ldn't be able to en joy fresh
air at the same time, wo uld they?
_ _ Now, the first one wh ich we should
defi n ite ly orga n ise is th e guide d tour.
_ _ Don't be pessimistic. Anyway, what else?
_ _ But they could learn about th at in the
mu seum.
_ _ Yes, becau se they'll learn abo ut our
hi story.
_ _ That's a good idea - with local spec ialities .
_ _ They'll be hun gry afte r all that walkin g,
so the restaurant.
SPEAKING EXAM
~
10 minutes
19 You a n d your partner have been asked to
organise activities for a group of foreign
visitors to yo ur town. Discuss these
possibilities , and choose which three to
organise fo r the visitors.
EXAM TIP
There are no 'right' or 'w rong' answ ers in situational
role-plays like th is. Take the opportunity to exchange
ideas and comment on what each oth er says. The
exami ners want to see how mu ch English you can
demon strate you know.
Picture-based discussion ..
25 minutes
20 Look carefull y at these sentences that
students sa id a b out the two photos on page
103. Eac h sen ten ce contains a mistake. Ca n
you find and correct the mistakes?
1 I t h in k the girl en joys being by h er.
2 It looks like that sh e's reall y interested in h er
book.
3 She's sitting outside , and sh e's wea ring the
T-sh irt , so it 's pro babl y in th e sum me r.
4 Th is is probably a group of frien ds, or
colleagues pe rhaps, doing a m eal togeth er.
5 Some body just to ld a joke, I t h ink , because
t hey're lau ghing all.
6 I can't see exactly what's on th eir p lates, but
it's probably qu ite tasteful.
7 Person ally, I find t he restaurant photo more
attracting, becau se t hey're clear ly h avin g
fun .
21 Read this text. A st u den t is a n sw erin g the last
question in exerci se 22. Ch oose word s fro m
the list to fill the gaps.
like • depends • go • n eed • gets
change
take •
How I spen d my free tim e ' _ _ on a lot of
thin gs. For one thing, there's the time o f yea r.
In the su m mer, I z_ _ to be out side as mu ch
as po ssib le. I tr y to ' _ _ advantage of th e
warm weat her, and play ga me s in t he park, or
go swim mi ng . I love be ing wit h my frie n ds,
telling each other jokes. The n whe n th e
wea ther 4 _ _ worse, in the w inter, I have to
s _ _ wh at I do wit h my spa re tim e. It becomes
to o cold to spe n d very long out side, so you
6_
_
to think of in door activities. One of m y
friends lives in a h uge h ou se, so we all ' _ _
ro und there m ost even in gs. We watc h DVDs or
listen to music. And te ll jokes, of co urse.
• tennis com petit ion
• guide d to ur of hi storic to wn
• ga mes in the park
visit to museum
spec ial m eal in restaurant
• co ncert of tr aditional music
t rip to different bars
Answers on page 189
102
FREE TIME A ND CULTURE
Smart answe r key on page 189
SPEAKING EXAM
" 10 minutes
22 Look at the two photos. They show different ways of
spending free time. Compare and contrast the pictures.
Whi ch picture ap pea ls more to you?
Wh at othe r ways do you ha ve of spending free tim e?
An swe rs on page 190
EXAM TIP
W hen you have to describe a
picture, try to use your
imagination. Guess wh ere the
people are, or why they are there
or what they might be think ing
about. Tell the examiner how you
think someone might be feeling,
for example.
Smart answer key on page 190
FREE TIME AND CULTURE
103
Reading
35 minutes
1 Match each sentence 1-6 to t he
sentence a-f that should
logically follow it.
1 Willi am Blake grew up in a
2
3
4
5
6
middle-class famil y in
London.
In 177 2 he sta rted wor king as
an appren tice of an en grave r
in London.
Blake bec ame a studen t at the
Royal Acade my in 1779 .
Whe n Blake married
Cat herine Boucher in 1782.
she co uld n't read or write.
Blake fell seriously ill in the
spring of 1825 .
Th e Blake Prize for Religiou s
Art was esta blished in h is
h onou r in Australia.
a Seve n years lat er, at th e age of
twe n ty-one, h e be cam e a
p rofessional en graver himself.
b It has been awarded annually
since 1949 to artists of
outstanding m erit .
c Wh ile he was tea ching her
these skills, he also decided to
train her as an engraver.
d Desp ite hi s worsening
physical con dition, he
remained occupied with hi s
art.
e Th e institution was then
bas ed at Old Somerset House,
near the Strand.
f His father worked as a hosier
(a person wh o makes or sells
stockin gs), wh ile hi s mother
was responsible for William's
educ atio n .
2 Read sentences a-f again.
Underline the pa rts of each
sentence that refer back to
information in sentences 1-6.
~
READING EXAM
25 minutes
3 Read this extra ct fro m a literary en cyclo pa ed ia. Six
clau ses have b een removed from the text. Co m p lete each
gap with a missing clause from A- G. There is one clause
that you do not n eed to u se.
Wi lliam Blake ( 17 57-1827) is today rega rde d as on e
of the most original of English writers and artists,
Born in Lo ndon, he spe nt mo st of his years in the
ce nt re of the capita l,
2__ ;
the st ree ts of the
me tropolis became for him windows to in fini te tim e
and space .
Blakc's visio ns began early, and throu ghout his life he
experien ced wh at was, fo r him, d irect co n tac t with
spirits o f the lon g -dead , with ang els, God and th e
devil. Whi le mo dern psychiatr y would co nsider Blake
to have been under th e spell of hallucinati ons,
3_
_
•
He was also not shy in describ ing the so urces of his
inspir ation to his friends and co lleagu es. The eccent ric
reputation he th us gained did little to help him to
commercia l success; for most of his life his wo rk was
neglected, ~ _ _ .
But wh ile his work was o ften o ut of step with his
time ,
5_
_
•
Trained as an engrave r, he pushed
for ward th e boundaries of that art by his o wn
innovations, and combined it with his poetry to suc h
an exten t that one canno t be properly understood
witho ut the other. Amo ng th e best known (and easiest
to understand ) of his hand-illustrated books are Songs
of In nocen ce and Songs of Experience,
b __ •
A for hi m the visions we re rea l, and directly in sp ired an d
gu ided hi s art
B bu t hi s visio na ry powers transformed all around hi m
C despite all this, hi s de dicatio n to hi s art never wavered
D and he often lived near to po verty
E wh ich co ntain some of the sim plest and most beau tiful
lyrics in t he English lang uage
F yet durin g hi s lifeti me he was largely ignored and often
called m ad
G few of t he best artists of hi s da y doubted h is technical
ability
Answers on page 190
104
FREE TIME A ND CU LTURE
Smart answe r key on pag e 190
Use of English
EXAM TIP
Sentences in a text are connected by cross-references. Find those parts
25 minutes
that refer to some informa tion in another sentence (or other parts of the
same sentence). Then decide if t he information should appear before or
after the cross-reference (does the reference assume you already know
the information? or does it suggest that something will come later in the
text?). This w ill help yo u wo rk out w here the missing clauses belong .
Listening
40 minutes
4 Use t h e w o rds below to co m p lete the ga ps in t he questi ons
a n d resp o n ses. Use each wo rd o nly o n ce .
before
of
do ing
just
with
o ut
1 W h at kinds of t h ings do you en joy _ _ at weeken ds?
2 Do you ever _ _ do n othing at all?
3 Do yo u p refer to stay in o r go _ _ ?
4 I expect yo u like spe nd in g time _ _ yo ur family.
5 Do yo u plan wha t to do a lo ng ti me _ _ the weekend
starts?
6 Co uld yo u give me an ex am ple _ _ yo ur favo uri te
acti viti es?
5 Look a t th e quest ions in exercise 4. Th in k of yo u r answ ers.
Then write th e a n swers down. Ch ec k yo ur writing for
mistakes.
6 Wr it e a sho rt text (a bo u t 60 words) expanding your
a nswers in exercise 5. Practise reading it aloud.
7 Th in k of so meo ne yo u know well - a frie n d o r a fa m ily
m em ber. Im agine w h a t answers this person w ould give to
the questions in exerc ise 4 . Write a sh o rt text (a bou t 60
wo rds) based o n this information.
HOW TO STUDY
When yo u listen to anyth ing in Engli sh - 1V news progra mme, ete. -
make quick notes of the numbers, names, dates, and so on, that you
hear. Afterwards, look at your notes and try to reconstruct information
from w hat you heard.
LISTENING EXAM
..
15 minutes
8 . , 22 Yo u a re going to hear five different people talking
a bo u t w hat they d o a t w eekends. Before you li st en, read
the sta te men ts below. As yo u listen, for each speake r 1-5,
decide w h ich o p in io n A- F they express. There is o ne
statement that doesn't match an y of the spea ke rs.
1
2
A
B
C
D
E
F
3
4
5
9 Ch oose th e co rrec t alternative:
a, b , or c, to co m p lete ea ch
sentence below.
1 Th e Elgin Marbles, a la rge
co llection of anci ent Greek
sculp tures, we re brought to
Britain fro m Athe ns in 1806
by Lord Elgin, _ _ was then
the Brit ish a mbassador there.
a wh ich
b who
c tha t
2 The Elgin Ma rb les in the
Briti sh Mu seum are o n
di spl ay for all to see, free of
a ch arge
b m oney
c paym en t
3 Lor d Elgin _ _ the Ma rbles
in h is private co llecti o n fo r
many yea rs wh en he decide d
to sell them to th e
Govern m ent.
a kept
b has kep t
c h ad kept
4 The Ma rbles were
pe rm an ently dam aged in t he
1930s by Mu seum sta ff, who
decid ed to clean t heir su rface
and scraped away the o rigin al
co lo uring to _ _ the sta tues
wh ite .
a change
b tu rn
c m ake
5 The main reaso n _ _ the
Gree ks' interest in the
Marbles is t ha t they fin ally
wan t their ancien t treasures
back.
a for
b to
c of
Th e m ain thi ng is en joyin g friends' co mpany.
I like to do as m uc h exercise as possibl e.
Film s and co ncerts are usuall y fun to go to .
I often do m or e at the weekends during the win te r.
There are lo ts of spo rt yo u can watc h o n TV.
I usu ally do as litt le as possible.
An sw ers on pag e 190
Smart answer key on page 190
FREE TIME A ND CULTURE
105
10 Read the sentences in exercise 9 again. Then
read the text in exercise 11 as well, and
answer the fo llowin g questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
What are the Elgin Marbl es?
Wh ere are the Marb les kept?
Wh ere are th ey from origin ally?
Wh en were they made?
Who took th e Marbles to Brita in?
Who wo uld like them retu rne d to their
or igina l place?
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~ 10 minutes
11 Read the extract from a London travel
guide and use one word only to fill each
ga p to form a logical, coherent and
gra m mat ically correct text.
Playing with marbles
If yo u ha ve been to the British Museum in
the
Lon don, you will be fam iliar I
Elgin Marbl es. The y are '
of th e
sh ow in
Museum 's key exhib its 3
the Duveen Gallery, a grand extens ion to the
Museum which was specially built to exh ibit
them . The Elgin Marbl es mainly '
_
from the Parthenon in Athens. For that
____ they are aiso referred '
_
as the Parthenon Marbles. Th ey are a
collection of sculptur es, considered by many
the fine st
artists an d critics to '
examples of Ancient Greek art there are. The y
were made between 447 and 432 BC,
_ _ _ _ the Parthenon was rebuilt after it
had '
destroyed by the Persians. Th e
of seve ral statues and
collection 10
fragments of statues from the Parthenon.
The re are aiso a few pieces that come from
the othe r tern pies on the Acropolis.
Answers on page 191
EXAM TIP
Always read the whole text again after you have filled in
the gaps, to check that it's correct logically as well as
grammatically.
Writing
70 minutes
OPTIONS
In thi s unit, yo u can choose to w rite a book review or a
literary essay. Read through the two exam tasks, and
decide which one you would like to concentrate on.
106
FREE TIM E AND CULTURE
Writing a book review
70 minutes
12 Look at these sentences taken from d ifferent
book reviews. Ch oose words from the list to
fill the gaps.
interruption
price
twist • description • set
I Th e book is _ _ in the fut ure in an
imaginary wo rld.
2 One of the mo st interesting things abou t
this book is that it shows how everyo ne ha s
their _ _ and can be co rrupted.
3 [ suppose [ liked it becau se it's an
old-fash ione d roma nce but with a modern
4 Aithough some of the _ _ is rather ted iou s,
the dialogu e is very lively.
5 It wo uld be a good book to take on holiday,
so that you could en joy it witho ut _ _ .
WRITING EXAM (OPTION 1):
A BOOK REVIEW
~ 60 minutes
13 Write a review for a stud en t magazine
a bou t a book you h a ve enjoyed reading.
Yo ur review should include the fo llow in g
info rmation about the book:
•
•
•
•
•
the title
a brief outline of what h appens
what you think is interesting abo ut it
wha t you think its best aspects are
who you wo uld recommend it to.
Write 200-250 words.
Answers on p ag e 191
Writing a literary essay
70 minutes
14 Match the words to the definitions.
I
2
3
4
plot
pro tago n ist
con flict
reso lution
5
6
7
8
cha racter
dilem ma
con clusion
am biguity
a a decision based on all the in formation
con nected wit h a given sit ua tio n
b a series of even ts that form the sto ry
c a situatio n whe re there is more tha n one
po ssible meaning
d a situ ation whe re there are oppos ing ideas,
feelings or wishes
e a situation wh ich creates a problem by
offering more tha n one possible cho ice
f a person in a story
g the h ero or the most importan t person in a
story
h the act of findin g a solutio n to a problem or
diffi culty
Smart answe r key on page 191
WRITING EXAM (OPTION 2):
A LITERARY ESSAY
HOW TO STUDY
~
60 minutes
1S Think back to a novel that you 've recen tly
read. Write a n essay in 200-250 words,
discussing the following points.
o
o
o
o
o
Describ e the main conflict in the piot.
How do th e protagonists try to reso lve the
key co n flict?
What obs ta cles do th ey h ave to overcome?
How successfu l are they?
Who is t he chief protagon ist? What is h is /
her m ain ambit ion?
How is the protagon ist's ambition
connected to t he ma in co n flict?
Answers on page 191
Practise describing various graph s, tables, and so on.
By yourself, you can take a graph or table and write a
description of the inform ation it con tains. Leave it for a
few days. Then read your description. Don't look at the
original, but draw the graph or table, according to your
description . With a partner, yo u ca n describe graphs to
each other and draw the graph you hear described.
Then check to see how well the descriptions worked.
SPEAKING EXAM
e- 10 minutes
18 Look at the pie chart of how the average
person spends his or her time, and look a t
the bar ch a rt showing results of a survey
about popular free-time activities.
EXAM TIP
How the average person spends their free time
Writi ng starts w it h planning. Make not es of th e main
points you want to include in yo ur review or essay.
Decide how mu ch detail yo u want to add to each main
Going out
point. Each main point should be explored in a separate
paragrap h. Decide on the most effective ord er of your
paragraphs. Finish t he review or essay w ith your ow n
summary or conclusion. After you have fini shed, check
what you have written.
Speaking
30 minutes
Statistics-based discussion
Working/studying
16 Look at the tw o graphs in exercise 18 and
make sentences a bou t the information. Use
ea ch of the following phrases at least once.
Popular activities
m ore th an • higher than • much less than •
less than • lower than • not as much as •
far greater t ha n • about the sam e as
17 Look at what some students said about the
information in the graphs in exercise 18.
Match the two parts of the sentences together.
It sur prises m e that workin g
It 's strange , isn't it, that we spe n d
These are averages, so
I get to school in a few minutes, but my
father
5 I would ha ve expected to see
6 It's a pit y that theatre isn't
7 In a way it's fu nny to think of
1
2
3
4
A so much of our lives asleep.
B eating food together as a form of
en te rta in me nt.
C isn't a bigger proportion than this.
o m or e popular - I reall y like it .
E a hi gh er figur e for goin g out.
F ma ybe n ob od y actually ha s this life.
G spends an h our t ravelling to work.
Smart answe r key on page 19 1
Comment on the information contained in
the charts.
o
o
o
Do you think you are sim ila r to or
different from the average person?
Do you think people h ave enough free
time?
Do you think people spe n d their free time
sensibly?
Answers on page 191
FREE TIME AND CULTURE
107
Reading
..... 50 minutes
1 Read t he instructions and th e
title of the article in exercise 4,
then choose the correc t ending
to the sentence below.
READING EXAM
4 Read the a rticle on tourism. Decide which sen ten ces A-H
a re true (1) a n d which are fal se (F), acco rd ing to th e text.
The text is proba bly about
a cha nges in th e ways people
spe nd the ir holidays.
b different eq uipmen t needed
for d ifferen t typ es of holidays.
c types o f h oliday mo st suitable
for differen t type s of people.
Now read t hrough the text
quickly to check if yo ur a nswer
was correct.
2 Find the words or exp ress io ns
in the article that match the
definitions belo w.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
areas of land whe re the
anima ls an d plants are
prot ected by law
(pa ragraph 1)
places wh ere a lot of people
go on holiday (paragrap h 1)
a co m pan y wh ich arranges
othe r people's holidays
(paragraph 2)
peopl e whose job is to show
tourists aro u nd towns,
mu seums, etc. (paragraph 2)
a holiday in a place where
people do not often go
(pa ragraph 3)
visiting places for pleasure
ins ide o ne 's ow n country
(pa ragraph 3)
a h oliday spe n t sun bath ing at
th e seaside (paragraph 4)
boat trips mad e for plea sure
(pa ragrap h 4)
3 Read se n tences A- H in exercise
4 ca refu lly. Un derlin e those
parts in the arti cle that co n tain
informatio n a bout them .
108
TRAVEL
J ~J
(1) Back in the 1980s and early 1990s, when Africans first
realise d th at tourism might be a way out of poverty, they built big
concrete hotels on t he beaches of Kenya. South Africa and other
countries. For some t ime numerous charter flig hts came from
Germany and It aly. Tourists hoping to see lions in nature reserves
- but also expect ing to enjoy the comforts of home - packed into
overcrowded resorts that were trying to look like the
Mediterranean.
(2) That was then . Fortunately, a new kind of travel is in
fashion now. Today's tourists are leaving the European-style hotels
for more authentic experiences, like horseback-riding through the
bush . Sitting by the fire at night after a typical dinner of meat
stew, pumpkin leaves and wild spinach. they listen to the local
Xhosa people telling folk stories. This experience is not offered by
a multinational tour operator but by the Xhosa themselves.
through a small, locally run firm called Amadiba Adventures. The
money they earn will provide the Xhosa tour guides with an income
two and a half times the average local wage.
(3) In many ways, this off-the-beaten-track holiday represents
the futu re of global to urism . Despite difficulties. internat ional and
domestic tourism is expected to grow fast over the next two
decades . While a global recession and the terrorist attacks of
9/ 11 pushed down to urist numbers in 2001 for the first t ime
since 1982, the impact was less tha n many had expected . Longerterm tre nds, including a rise in global wealt h, imp roving transp ort
technology, cheaper fl ights and the use of the Internet as a tr avel
t ool, will make it possible for more people around the world to
t ravel than ever before . Last year there were 693 mil lion
internat ional touri st arrivals. The World Tourism Organisation
Smart answe r key on page 191
~ 20 minutes + 15 minutes
expects that number to increase to more than 1
billion by 2010. Tomorrow's tourists will come
from new places ; the number of Asian, and
particularly Chinese, tourists is predicted to
explode as that region becomes more integrated
into the global econo my.
(4) Future tourists wi ll also want to do diffe rent
thi ngs. While su n-and-sea to urism still dominates ,
overcrowding a nd time pressures mean that the
sta ndard two-week beach holiday is becoming les s
popular, Rat he r than spending two wee ks on a
beach, Americans and Eu ropeans are now tak ing
s horte r but more varied trips , ca using the rapid
deve lopment of adventure travel, ecotouris m,
cultural tours , spa holidays , cruises and spo rts
vacat ions in eve r more dista nt places: China , the
Maidives, Botswana. Western traveliers who have
'been there and done that' choose more exotic,
individualised experiences . Local governments and
fi rms are trying hard to satisfy this new demand,
which offers them the opportunity to make huge
profits from tourism.
5 Read the text again and write short
answers to each question.
1 Wh y d id Africa n co u n t ries promot e
tou rism in the 1990s?
2 W hat di d th e African t ourist reso rts lo o k
like in the 1980s an d 1990 s?
3 W ha t are the new tr ends in tour ism
n owadays?
4 Acco rd ing to the arti cle you've just read,
wha t d ifficulties h as globa l tourism h ad to
overcome lately?
5 W hat are the co n d it ions that w ill
sti m ula te the develo pmen t of to ur ism in
the n ear fu tur e?
6 What two m ain cha nges in glo ba l tourism
does the article pr edi ct?
EXAM TIP
When doing a true/false task, fi rst familiarise yourself
with the text. Read the instructions and the title, and
skim through the whole text to get a general idea of
what it's about. Then focus on the key words that tell
you about the gist of the text. Finally, find those parts of
the text that include the informat ion you need to
decide about the statements.
Listening
25 minutes
6 Read the instructions a n d the m ultiplech o ic e statements in exercise 8 carefull y, a nd
answer these questions.
A Hotels built in Africa in the 1980s and early
1990 s were totall y differ ent from European
h otels. T / F
B Twe n ty years ago, tourist s from Europe,
w h ile o n h oliday in Africa , expected the
sa me co n d itio ns they we re used to in their
own countries. T / F
C Ther e are no African agencies providing
se rv ices to Euro pe a n tourists . T / F
D African tour gu ides earn less than people
doing other jobs. T / F
E Acco rd ing to ex pecta t io ns, the tourist
indust ry is facing a serious cr isis in t h e near
future. T / F
F The number o f t ourist s from Ch ina is
ex pected to grow fast . T / F
G Sunbathing at the seas id e is st ill the most
popular for m of holiday. T / F
H There is little cha nce that new types of
holidays, like adventure travel or cultural
tours, wi ll be offered in African cou n tries.
T/ F
1 Who is go ing to be spea king? Do you kno w
thei r na mes?
2 What a re they go ing to talk ab ou t ?
7 Rea d the following pai rs of sen t e nces. Do
they have the same m eaning (v") or do they
h ave different m eanings (X)?
1 Th ere were no vacan cies.
They we re full y booked. D
2 We found a hotel in n o time at all.
It didn't take us lo n g to find a hotel. D
3 The roo m was fairly big.
The roo m was as bi g as a shoebox. D
4 We co uld n't wa it to go .
We d id n 't wa n t to go. D
5 I liked everyth ing about t he hotel.
I liked eve ryt h ing bu t the h o tel. D
6 I ca n't sta nd t he weather.
I ca n't co mplain about the weathe r. D
7 The t rip was n 't lo ng enoug h.
The tri p was too short. D
An sw er s o n pag e 192
Smart answer key on page 192
TRAVEL
109
~ 10 minutes
LISTENING EXAM
8
os.
23 Read the sentences below. You a re
going to hear two women talking about a
holiday in France. Read the sentences, and
choose the best option: a, b, or c, to
complete the statements about the
recording.
1 Paula's friend says that
a she h as been ill.
b Paula doesn't lo ok very well.
c she's pl eased to see Paula.
2 Before the trip, Paul a
a was en t h us iastic ab out it.
b wa n te d to go to the Lake District.
c didn 't t ell anybody sh e was going.
3 Before Mark and Paula went to Par is,
a Mark's boss didn't want him to go.
b Paula arranged for so mebody to look
after the h amster.
c Paula's sister prom ised to look afte r the
ch ild re n.
4 The journey across the Ch an nel
a was ve ry smoot h .
b was unpleasant for Paula .
c lasted eight h ou rs.
5 The o n ly thing Pau la liked about Paris was
a the wea ther.
b the acco m moda t io n .
c the sh o ps .
6 The return trip from Pari s was
a di sturbed by a flood .
b an en joyable experience .
c earlier t han plan ned .
Answers on pag4! 192
EXAM TIP
Remember that mult iple-ch oice tasks may co ntain
options that are very similar to phra ses used in th e
recording, but their meaning is different. Try to get a
Use of English
20 minutes
9 Read the dialogue in exercise 10 below, then
answer the following questions. Don 't fill in
the gaps yet.
1 Who's talking? Wher e do yo u think the
co nve rsati o n takes place?
2 What's th e gues t 's complaint?
3 What's the di sadvantage of the new ro om
the reception ist is offer ing?
4 What's t h e adva ntage of the new room ?
5 W ha t form of extra compensatio n does the
receptionist offer?
~ 10 minutes
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
10 Read the fo llo wi ng dialo gue. Fill in the
gaps w it h the correc t fo rm of the prompts
in bra ckets.
Guest
I'm not going to stay in th at roo m any
,
(long). It's z
_
(noisy) than a train station. Last night
1couldn 't sleep at all! It was
3
(bad) night of my life.
Could yo u find me so mew here
,
(quiet)?
Reception ist Well, it's 5
th an it seems. We have "
(difficult)
_
(prac tica l) no vacan cies. The o nly
room I could offer is on the top floor.
It's much '
(small), so it
won't be 8
(com fortable) as
t he o ne you're in at th e moment.
Guest Anyth ing is 9
(good) th an
what I went thro ugh last night! And I
_
assume th e price will be 10
(significant) lower ...
Recep tionist 11
(certain ). Our top floor roo ms are cheape r. Also, I'd be
glad to offer you a complimentary
meal in o ur restaur an t to nig ht.
general sense of the text, rather than understand single
words.
Answers o n p iilge 192
EXAM TIP
First read through the dialogue quickly to understand
who's talking, and what they're talking about. Then
decide what part of speech the missing word is. When
you've completed the text, read the whole dialogue
again to check it sounds natural.
110
TRAVEL
Smart answer key on page 192
Writing
90 minutes
Writing an argumentative essay
11 What do you think are the advantages a n d
disadvantages of cars? Write down a list of
five advantages, and five disadvantages.
12 Read th e statem ent in exercise 15 carefully.
What do yo u think? Do you agree or disagree
w ith the st atement? Sta rt planning. You can
use id ea s from ex ercise 11. Arran ge your
notes unde r these h eadings, and add more
p oints if yo u need to.
In t ro du cti on to essay:
14 Read this part of the conclusion from
a student's essay. For ea ch gap, choose a, an,
the or - (no article) to complete the text.
For these rea sons, I believe that ' _ _ problem
is extremely complicated . This means that
z_ _ solutio n can n ot be ' _ _ sim ple o ne. I
think that ' _ _ h eart of ' _ _ problem is n ot
' _ _ question of logi c. Logically, eve ryo ne
should stop using r _ _ cars. However, o ur love
for s _ _ car is n ot logical. We like co m fo rt,
personal spa ce, an d so o n . If yo u want m e to
leave my car, yo u n eed to offer m e s_ _
luxury minibus - not m _ _ di rty, crow de d
normal bu s.
Argu me n ts t hat yo u ag ree wit h:
WRITING EXAM
Argume n ts t hat yo u disagree wit h:
15 Write an essay of about 200 words for or
against the following statement:
Your co unter-argumen ts to the arguments that
yo u di sagree wit h :
~
60 minutes
People should be en co ur aged to get out of
their cars and find o ther way s to travel, like
public transport or cycling and walking.
Answers on page 193
Sum mary and co n clus io n :
EXAM TIP
In a for/against essay, you ca n write about arguments
on both sides of the que stion, but you must come to a
13 Loo k at these pairs of sentences. Use the
prompts to rewrite them as one sentence.
1 A Many people prefer to drive to wo rk.
B People ofte n spend a long time sit ting in
t raffic jams.
Ma ny people
r despite the fact
that
_
2 A Peo ple spe n d large sums of money on
cars.
B Ma ny peo ple wa nt to h ave status an d
pr ivacy.
People
in o rde r to
3 A Many peop le don't believe how bad the
env iro n men tal situa tio n is.
B Gre en activists don't understand it .
Gre en act ivists
t ha t
4 A Peo p le often prefer to use t he ir cars.
B Public transpo rt is slow and
unco mfo rtable.
, wit h t he result that
cars.
5
clear conclusion.
Speaking
Situational role-play
7S minutes
40 minutes
16 Look at these questions. Fou r of them
co n ta in a mistake and one question is
correct. Ca n you find and correct the
mistakes?
1
2
3
4
What's last holiday you h ad ?
Had you been to there befo re?
What did yo u do wh ile yo u we re away ?
What pr eparations did yo u m ake before
leave?
5 Where are you go ing for next yo ur holi day?
17 If you're working alone, answer the
questions from exercise 16. If yo u 're working
with a partner, ask each other a bo u t a
holiday you've had .
A Th e transport sit ua t io n will get wo rse.
B Th e govern ment co uld tak e acti o n.
Un less
wo rse.
Smart answ er key on page 193
TRAVEL
111
18 Look ca refu lly at the instruction to exerci se 19 . Then
match the sentence beginnings 1-6 to the endings a- f to
make co m p le te su ggesti o n s.
I
2
3
4
I'd like to go to
I've h eard that
I thin k I'd en joy just
I'd prefer to
5 I'd say th e most
im porta nt t h ing is
6 I'm ha ppy to ag ree to
A th e C roatian coast is very ni ce.
B th e m ountain s.
C lyin g around being lazy.
o investigati ng accom moda tio n.
E mak e the travel arrangeme n ts.
F do so me hill-wa lkin g.
SPEAKING EXAM
Picture-based discussion
35 minutes
20 Read these sentences. Look at
the three photos o n page 113,
and d ecide if eac h se n te nce is
right or wrong.
I
2
~
3
5 minutes
19 You and yo u r friend(s) have won a competition and the
prize is a holiday of your ch o ice. Discuss the following
issues a n d choose a holiday from the options below:
• which would be t he best type of holiday to go o n
• what you would like to do wh ile you ' re there
• how long you would like to go for
• what preparations yo u need to make for the trip.
4
5
6
7
8
Holidays from A to Z
The two cyclists are ridi ng
away from the ca me ra. 0
The ma n 's co ncen trat in g o n
hi s bu sin ess m agazin e. 0
The sur face is wet from the
recent rain. 0
The tr ain's pas sing wh at loo ks
like a h arbour. 0
One of th e riders is look ing
over h is shoulde r. 0
The passen ger doesn 't seem
ve ry in terested in the view. 0
The re a re a lot o f cars
tr avelli n g in both d irec t io ns .
Bo th peo ple are cycl ing o n
t he cycle path .
No w decide which sta tem en t is
about which picture A- C.
ACTION ADVENTURE
21 Look a t the list of ideas below,
and put them in the right
g ro u p in the table .
Cro ss the Sahara on a came l. Fly in a balloon safari.
Sleep under th e stars. Live your lite to the full!
BEAUTIFUL BEACHES
spee d • econo m ica l •
ge tt ing exercise
tim e to catch up o n the news •
relaxing
o pportu n ity to meet o t he r
people
doesn 't depend o n the weather
n eed a change of clo t hes when
yo u get to work/schoo l •
enviro n m en tally friendly
\ Vhite sand and palm trees as tar as the eye can sec .
Brigh t sun and warm water. Exchange your stress for
peace!
COUNTRYSIDE CAMPING
Put d own the picture postcards of t he pre tty
co untryside and pack your bags because we' re going
there . Bc parr of nature!
DATE WITH HISTORY
>
Bored with TV? Come on our great tour o f
monumen ts and mu seums and historical to wn centres.
Feed your brain and your eyes!
EXCITING SPORTS
Fed up with sitt ing aro und? Wan t to get fit an d have
fun? Water spo rts, mo un tain-climbing, indoor skiing,
and more: everything 's possib le at o ur special centre !
An~wers
on page 193
EXAM TIP
Remember that this part of the exam is like acting in a play. The
imp ortant th ing is to say your 'lines' well. This means you need to involve
the 'audience'. Speak with enthusiasm and interest. Speak clearly - don't
mumble. Make eye contact.
112
TRAVEL
Smart answ er key on pa ge 193
Public transport
Advantages
Disadvantages
Cycling/Walking
Advantages
Disadvantages
Add some ideas of your own, as well.
22 Now think about the advantages and
disadvantages of using a car to get to work/
school. Write down some idea s.
HOW TO STUDY
You may be asked abo ut any to pic in the spea king
exam. Whatever topic you are given, there are always
• adva ntages a nd disadva ntages to think about and
discuss. Practise with a friend: if he or she says o ne
thing, think of a n arg ument aga inst it. Don't worry
abo ut yo ur own real opi nions, just practise saying the
op posite view.
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
23 Look at the three photos. They show
different ways of going to and from work
or school. Co m p a re and contrast the
pictures .
Which way of tra velling would you prefer?
• What are the ad vantages and
di sad vantages of the other ways that
pe op le use to tra vel?
Answers on page 193
Smart answer key on page 193
TRAVE L
113
Reading
35 minutes
1 T he fo llowing tw el ve
phra ses a re ta ke n from t he
article in exercise 2 . Ea ch
o n e o f the phrases 1-6
refers to the sa me t hing in
the a rti cle a s o ne of the
phra ses A-F. Fin d t he
twel ve ph rases in the
a rticle, then match the
pairs of phrases below
which refer to the same
th in gs.
Mediterranean beach
my fina l destina t io n
my home
w ild life
h eat
like a tramp
I
2
3
4
5
6
A
B
C
D
E
mid-thirties
the so ut h of Italy
in n eed o f a shower
sma ll lightweight tent
snakes, lizards, deer, wild
bo ar and wo lves
F n orthernmost tip of
Nor way
EXAM TIP
Reading texts usually contain a lot
of cross-references. Focus on the
key words and try to work out
when they refer back or forward
to other parts of the text. This will
help you find the correct answers
in the task, w here the informati on
is given in different paragraphs.
114
TRAVEL
READING EXAM
2 Read the article about someone who w alked ac ross Eu rop e.
Ch oose the hest option: a , b, c, or d , to com p le te the
sta temen ts about the text.
ACROSS EUROPE
On 1 May 1997, 27-year-old Londoner Andrew
Terrill began a 7,000-mile walk from the south
of Italy to the northernmost tip of Norway. The
aim of his walk was to raise £100,000 for
homeless people in England's capital. Here he
reports on his experiences at the start of his
adventures.
'WHEN I stood on a de ser ted bea ch at the so uthe rn tip of Italy
on 1 May, I didn't know quite what to expec t. Perha ps that w as
just as well. If I had known, I might never have left that
p leasan t Mediterranean beach . As I walked north into the
foothills of the Ape nnines, it seem ed impossible that I would
ever reach my final destination , Nor th Cape at the top of
Norway. I wa s both excited and ner vou s. My 35-kilo ru cksack
contained food for up to seven da ys. It a lso held my hom e - a
sma ll ligh tweight tent - and ever ythin g else I needed for
wild ern ess trav el.
The Ape nn ines we re certainly a cha llenge. The mo un tains
were covered in den se forest, and there we re few footpa ths.
The ma ps we re wo nderfully imagina tive. Valleys, mo un tains
and lakes we re mar ked, but d idn' t exist. Those that did exist
often weren 't marked . As a result, I was frequen tly lost - once
for two and a half days. It wasn' t a ver y promising sta rt. The
wil d life kep t me on my toes. There were many evil-looking
snakes, a million lizard s, deer and wild boar. Wolves were said
to be hidden away in the deepest forests.
Walking in the so uthern Apennines wa s ver y tough. It was
also fascinating , w ith ramshackle mountain villages along the
way. The locals were friendly and helpful. It wa s great to be out
in the hills wi th the freed om to trav el and live life at my own
slow pace.
It was also very hard, though. In May and June, the
temperatures reached the mid-thirties, and there was little
wa ter. I finished each day ba thed in sw eat. I wa s footsore and
exha us ted . I rarely had a cha nce to recover. Mosq uitoes and
barking dogs kept me awake at night, as d id the heat. I felt like
a tramp, and I looked like one, too .
Sometimes, in great need of a shower and a chance to relax,
I tried hotels. On man y frus trating occasions, empty-look ing
hotels sudde nly became full whe n I arrived . At limes, in the
southern Apen nines, I wasn' t at all happ y.'
Smart answer key on page 193
~ 20
minutes
1 Andrew Terrill started his
ex pedition
a with eno ugh food for
the who le trip.
b in Londo n, the capi ta l
of England .
c on a Mediterranean
beach.
d well aware of what lay
ahead.
2 While walking th rough
th e mountain s, And rew
a rema ined alert to wild
anima ls.
b had reliable map s.
c came across wolves.
d followed esta blishe d
foo tpaths.
3 Walkin g in th e southe rn
Apennines was hard
becau se
a Andr ew couldn't keep
up a fast enough pace.
b the peopl e in the
villages were
unfri endly.
c it was hot and Andr ew
couldn' t have a shower.
d And rew go t seriou sly
ill.
4 Th e thing And rew did not
co mp lain about was
a th e lack of sleep.
b high temperatures.
c th e standa rd of hot els.
d ach ing feet.
Listening
30 minutes
3 Expressions 1-5 appear in the recording in exercise S. Match
each of them to the expression in a-e with the same meaning.
1
2
3
4
5
on board
blow out
be drawn out
black out
cling to
a
b
c
d
e
be sucked out
burst
hold tightly
o n the plane
lose consciousne ss
4 Match each word or phrase 1-5 to one of the expressions a--€
that has a n o pposite meaning.
1
2
3
4
5
land
strap (into)
lose control
black ou t
th in k about
a
b
c
d
e
blan k it out
rem ain conscious
take contro l
ta ke off
undo
HOW TO STUDY
An effective way of practising listening comprehension is to record a short
English text and then try to write down the complete text.
LISTENING EXAM
~
15 minutes
S ~ 24 You are going to hear an account of an accident. Read
the sentences below. Listen to the recording twice and
complete the missing information with no more than three
words.
1 Wh en the accident happen ed, most of th e passenge rs o n
board were
_
2 Wh en th e windo w blew ou t, Capta in Lancaster was nearly
_ _ _ _ _ of the plane.
3 During th e twenty minutes before the lan ding, the Captain
4 In hospital Captain Lancaster th ou gh t he might not be
______ again .
5 The results of the investigat ion in to the cause of the accident
have not
_
Answers o n page 194
EXAM TIPS
The same information may be given in differen t wo rds in the recordin g and
in the task. Pay attention to phrases that have the same or the opposite
meaning.
If there is a word limit, check that you haven't written more, otherwise you' ll
lose points . (Cont ractions like wasn't, don't, you've and it's count as sing le
words .)
An sw ers o n p ag e 193
Smart answ er key on page 193
TRAVEL
115
Use of English
20 minutes
6 Read the w ords bel ow. Each w ord has the
sa m e meaning as a phrasal ve rb (a verb with
two or more parts, e.g. give lip , put aside).
1 persuade
2 discharge
3 stop
4 give
5 refi ll
6 board
Read the sto ry in ex ercise 2 quickly, Find and
underline the phra sal verbs which m ean the
sa me as wo rds 1-6 above.
Writing
Writing a student magazine article
8 Look at the list of fiv e questions in exerci se
11. Try to think o f as many id ea s as possible,
and whether you a g ree with them o r not.
Make notes of yo u r id eas.
9 Read these sentence s. Th ey relate to the five
questions in ex ercise 11. Match each
sentence to its question.
HOW TO STUDY
You may find it easier to remember the meaning of
phrasal verbs if you record th em in your vocabulary
2
notebook together with their most com mo n synonyms.
3
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~
10 minutes
4
7 Read the story a student has written about
his disastrous holiday. Fill in the gaps with
the words or phrases from A-I. Use each
word or phrase only once. There is one
word or phrase that you won 't need to use.
I t k.ppe"ed two
lle.,s .",0. I w.s ",eHi"", ,..dll to
f~Y"is to kP.ve. . tk~ til'\..t- of '""11 fife. wv.. e 1'\ ( o-xt.
Mll be.fore ~ll t ' .'''J o,,, ,,ell I ~s ~"oc~ed - - bll . bss • .,,0 b,o~e ~ll.'~ ' I tk01<",kt " otki"",
30 to
wCYse. CO'Uld kP.ppe'K
to
l't£. J
so :I- dec.. i&d t o
ero
·"ll~ll '
I "",_ ",ed to t.l~ ~ll .f.tu., i" to ",ivi"", ~ •
r ide to tk.e st "t io'M J .-M.ic.k w£l.S ..fIve j(ll~tns fro.. . .
ottI' ktnAse. . We. p~ "11.'lttd to se.t 1
ve.1' e."d~ to
tke 1- ".l'I\. . tyC\i-x. The. CAr .....c14.ld"11. 't stD.d
bece vse ~JI .f. tu, kad leH tu /M.edlillkt s
$
fAt l 1'\i:t~d ,,')\6 t(..o...e oo.tte.r;r W "'14"'" dow'11 .
90 minutes
5
In years to co me, mo re people will work at
home and so reduce the n eed for tr avel.
The m ain issues co nfro n ting us at prese nt
are tr affic co ngestion and pollut ion .
I don't want to sound too pessimistic, but I
don't believe they're go ing to be put into
effect.
To be rea listic, the o rigin of the whole
situation is economic growth : jobs to t ravel
to and m oney to buy cars.
O ne way of solving it wo uld be to increase
taxes o n cars .
10 Look at this list of words and phrases. Ea ch
one is similar in meaning to a word or
phrase in a sentence in exercise 9. Ca n you
match them together?
cur rently
depressed
key problems
time ahead
raise
decrease
used
face facts
method
beginn ing
WRITING EXAM
~
60 minutes
CAte£,.
Wu" we .fi_llllleH it ~s .l,..dll
' .3 0.
"Ill
.f" t k.er is " "e.1) slow dr iver so :t t\sJ(e.d k n... to s~ed
"
"""0 wt-.,e-)1. we wer-e doi't\(} [2.0 )(1"-//11. o: polIce
"", c."",kt '
«s. We p"lIed " p bll tu side o.f
tke 1'"0"0 o:.....d (}ot "
ear . 1k.e polic.el1'.G\-)1.
cr'£\nd
"t
1AS
L\-xd ~-xde d o-ut L\ 'm t~y keL\l1 .fi-xe to
I1l.lr
fL\t~ y f oy speea.i-tt(t. .r; ~s ve1) -xerlO1AS - it wL\S
t.4-S L\-ttO we weYe -ttov.Y.eYe -tteL\Y tv..e st L\tio--tt lret . i o
~J(e t ki-x(ts wCJYse / t v..e c.&\Y st L\yt ea. t ojuJ( Ml,a. it
SOO--tt t 1AY-xea. •
we Md Y1,(--tt ~
pe trol . We
kl>d to stop . t tu petrol st. tio" to .fill " p t u
t.,,~ . We .fi_llll (j'"t to t u milw.ll st.fio" .t
t kYU l1l.i-x'to(tes t o St.ve-x.
I ~i ssed ~ll
------_.......
A off
D do wn
G in
B up
E o ut
F o ut of
H out of the
I on
Answers on page 194
116
TRAVEL
In next month's edi tion, we're going to focu s
o n transport. I hope you'll be able to write an
arti cle ab out the t ransport situation in our
town for us.
•
•
•
•
.f. tu, ",oodt:lle,j,,~d cm tu
tYL\i--tt L\-ttO bYeL\tv..ed L\ si(tk of Yel le f . B'to( t L\S SOO--tt L\S
we Yet\~a. tv..e --ttext st L\ tio-x} ::r: YeL\l is ea. tkL\ t ::r: Md
(tot 0'11 tv..e wYo-x(t hL\i--tt: ::r: wL\S trMelli-x(t to
::r:st L\--ttht.4 1) -xot PL\yis!
C up w it h
11 You have received the following note from
the editor of Teen Voice, the student
magazine you sometimes write a rticles for.
Write your article in 200-250 words.
•
What are the ma in problems we're facing
today?
W ha t are th e causes?
W hat are the possible so lu tions?
How likely do you t h ink it is that these
solutio ns will be applied?
W hat predi ct ions wo uld yo u m ake for t he
future?
Answ e rs on page 194
EXAM TIP
A maga zine article is a g reat op portunity to show what
you can do in English. When you practise writing
articles, check that you have used a wide range of verb
tenses, sentence structu res, and a numbe r of idioms.
Sma rt answer key on page 194
Speaking
60 minutes
Statistics-based discussion
30 minutes
12 Look at the information in the two ch a rts in
exercise 14. Read the following sentences
that d escr ib e this informatio n . Rewrite the
sen tences in the passiv e.
1 Peo ple book most h olidays at travel age nts'
office s.
2 People use the In ternet to book a large
number of ho liday s.
3 People wit h de ma nding job s take a lot of
short-break h olidays.
.. Peop le often take th eir honeymoon ab road .
13 Here are so me sentences fro m students
talkin g abo ut the two graphs. Ca n you
m atch t he two parts of ea ch sentence
together ?
1
2
3
4
5
6
I suppose th e traditional way is
It's not su rprising th at th e Internet is so high
Th e ho neymoon figure mu st be lower
I imagine it's more likely to be younger people
I gu ess th at in the futur e we'll see
I think I'd still feel safer booking it
A whe n you think h ow many web sites are
tra vel o nes.
B becau se you on ly go on one of those!
C by going in to an office m yself.
o the Int ern et in creasin g furth er.
E to go in to th e trave l agen t's office.
F using websites to book th eir trips.
~
SPEAKING EXAM
10 minutes
14 Th e two ch a rts sh ow information about
holiday bookings. Th e first one shows how
people book their holidays, and the other
sh ows the kinds of holiday they book. Talk
ab o ut the information presented in the
c h a rts. Do yo u think the situation will
ch a n ge in the future? How?
SOURCES OF HOUDAT BOOKINGS
EXAM TIP
Remember charts are similar to photos. They both
contain inform ation . Some of the information is obviou s
and factual. You can also begin to speculate about what
you see in both cases. You can ask yourself q uestions:
What is that? Why is that? You can suggest things:
Perhaps this means.. ., and so on .
Speaking: Debate
30 minute s
1S Fill in the gaps in the following sentences
about mass tourism with words fro m the list
below. There are two ga ps in eac h sentence.
Use ea ch word o n ly once. If n ecessary, use a
di ctionary.
awareness
pop ularity
dominan ce
wealthy
cha racter
in co me
h igh-rise
eco no mic
local
dr ive u p
1 Tour ism provid es an im portan t sou rce o f
_ _ wh ere there is no othe r _ _
opportun ity.
2 _ _ Western tourists _ _ prices in local
shops in poo rer cou ntr ies.
3 Th e _ _ of globa l hotel an d restau rant
ch ains in resort s con tributes to the loss of
local _ _ .
4 Visitor s raise global _ _ abo ut _ _
culture s in faraway countries.
5 Th e _ _ of some Mediterranean beach
resorts led to the constru ction o f _ _
hotels in previou sly quiet fish ing Villages.
16 Look a t the sentences in ex ercise 15 again.
Which sen ten ces talk ab ou t the advantages,
a n d which about the di sadvantages of mas s
tourism?
SPEAKING EXAM
~
10 minutes
17 Read the following question. Prepare
a rgu m en ts to support your opinion. Discuss
the issue with a partner, responding to a ny
counter-arguments they have.
Is ma ss tourism a th reat o r a blessin g for local
com m u n it ies?
Answ@rson page 195
Visillo travel
Telephone
Internet
agenl's crnce
Direct response
Personal
10 advert
recommendation
EXAM TIP
In the debate task, always try to think of both sides
(positive and negative) of an issue so you' re better
prepared to respond to your partner's possible co unterarguments.
Short
Family
Independent
Group
breaks
holidays
travel
bookings
Honeymoons
Answ er s on page 19 5
Smart answe r key on page 19 5
TRAVEL
117
12 Science and technology
- - - -
Reading
40 minutes
1 Before yo u rea d the article
in exercise 3, lo o k at
sentence begi n n in gs 1- 6
afte r the t ex t. Try to
complete each st a tem en t
with yo ur o wn ideas. (Yo u r
ideas don't have to be
based on the article.)
2 Read the t ext quickly and
fi nd the words or phrases
tha t match the definitions
below.
a give u p so me of your
demands o r ex pectat io ns
to m eet the wishes of
others
b the t ime w he n th e roads
are full of tr affi c because
of people travelling to o r
fro m wor k
c slowly begin to cover
m or e a nd more space
d places u sed fo r a particular
purpose o r acti vity
e toget h er; close ly
co n necte d
f form a bord er around an
area o r border o n to an
ar ea
EXAM TIP
Read the incomplete statements
and t hink about what info rmat ion
th ey co nta in or refer to . Then find
the part of the text which talks
about the same thing. Don't
forget, the actual words used in
the statements and in the text
may be quite different, while their
meaning is simila r. The stateme nts
in this task type follow the same
orde r as th e ideas in the text.
118
SCIENCE AN D TECHNOLOGY
READING EXAM
3 Read this newspaper article about our ch a n g in g world. Match
the sentence beginnings 1-6 with the endings a-g so they
express the m ain ideas in the text. Write the numbers before
the endings. There is one ending you won 't need.
The Rise Of The Machines
The changing face of our motorised world
A Cars have give n us freedom . We can go w herever we wan t to
go, whe never we wa n t to go. They have also give n us
independence. We do nit have to comprom ise or cons ide r
whe re other people w ish to trave l. Cars p rovid e us w ith a
personali sed, door-to-door tra nsp or t solution th at's always
available. But they also change the world we live in.
If you had to cons ider the im pa ct of cars on your town,
B
firs t of all yo u would probabl y think of traffic jams and the
difficulty of getting about in a car in the ru sh ho u r. O r maybe
you wou ld thin k of pollution, and how the toxic fum es ero de
th e facades of build ings alon g b usy tho rou ghfares. But there
is a much bigger cha nge we almost never thin k abou t. Cars
cha nge th e face of the towns themselves.
C
As peopl e buy more and more cars, roa ds keep getting
w ide ne d to acco mm odate the increasing volu me of traffic.
They encroach upon formerly green spaces: law ns,
flow erb ed s, or trees that used to line th e roads. They expa nd
un til th e pavements becom e a thin strip along th e foot of th e
buildings, further na rrowed b y th e parked cars th at invade
th e last remaining inches of ped estria n space.
D
We all enjoy the facilities th at shopp ing mall s, multiplex
cinemas and enormo us entertainment complexes bring because we can use our cars to ge t to th em. They are efficient,
conve n ient, and fas t. At the sa me time, we are sad dened by
th e loss of our local groceries, our beau tiful Ar t Deco p icturehouses and th e friend ly ne ighbourhood com m unity cen tres .
What we must also rea lise is tha t th ese cha nges go hand in
hand, and we are to blame.
E
Preferring ou r freed om to sha ring transp ort w ith oth ers,
we get into our cars to ge t to our workplaces. to do ou r
shopping, to go out to th e thea tre, and ma ny would even
drive to go for a wa lk in th e fields. And w herever we d rive
to, w e have to park, too . Parking spaces are h uge areas of
land use d up b y empty cars waiting for ho urs on end for th eir
passen gers to return. Wh at used to be a vast grassy meadow
now becomes a small muddy field (criss -crossed by th e tyretracks of vehicles th at use the field to take a shortcu t ou t of
the parking lot) frin ged by a squa re of concrete and tar. And
what cars have changed will never be like it used to be, eve r
again.
Smart a nswer ke y on pag e 195
... 25 minutes
1 Amo ng the effects of
usin g cars, we usually
2 The reason we find
shop pi ng and
ente rta in men t cen tres
co nven ien t is th at we
can
3 Olde r sh ops an d services
in towns
4 Ca rs have enabled us to
5 Even ou tside the cities,
green spaces are
beg in ning to
6 Streets in our towns
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
a dri ve to th em. D
b cha nge to provide
more room for mot or
veh icles. D
c close down becau se
th e new facilities take
their place. D
d trav el freely and
independently o f
othe rs wh ere we like.
D
e realise that the effects
of increasing ca r
ow ne rship a re
irreversible. D
f regard traffi c
co nges tion an d
pollution as the most
important. D
g be rep laced by parking
lots for cars . D
4 Now match the sentences
above to the paragraph
(A-E) in the text which
contains information
about them . Write the
letter of the paragraph in
the box after each
sentence.
Listening
25 minutes
5 Answer the following questions about you rse lf. Give as much
detail as you can . Try to answer each question without
repeating more than two words from the question.
1 Do you come from a sma ll family or a big family? How man y
brothers or sister s hav e you got?
2 Have you received an y awards or won any com petitio ns? Wh at
were they?
3 Are yo u interested in scien ce? Wh y? / Wh y n ot ?
4 Wh at do you r pa rents think ab out your wo rk at school?
5 Whi ch sub ject at school do yo u spend most time study ing?
6 Wh at a re yo u plann ing to do after leaving school?
7 Would you like to become a teacher? Wh y? / Why n ot?
8 Where d id yo u grow up ? Do you still live in the same place
where you were born?
6 Now read questions 1-8 in exercise 7. Rewrite ea ch question
using your own words so it has the sa m e meaning.
LISTENING EXAM
..
10 minutes
7 . . 25 You are going to h ea r part of a rad io programme about
the liv es of famous in ventors. Read questions 1-8, a n d
match each questi on to the person A-C that it refers to .
A Alexa nde r Graham Bell
B Maria Mitche ll
C jan Szczepanik
1 Who came from a big family? _ _
2 Who receive d a medal from a king? _ _
3 Whose scientific interests were n ot grounded in famil y
traditions? _ _
4 Whose ac hie ve ments were app reciated outsi de his/her
coun try? _ _
5 Wh ose research was conce n trated on one field of science?
6 Wh o ha d planned a different caree r? _ _
7 Who wo rked as a teache r? _ _
8 Whose bir thplace is open to the public? _ _
Answ ers o n pag e 196
EXAM TIP
Before yo u listen for t he first tim e, read t he qu estions carefully. Think about
different ways of answ ering each qu estion . Rem em ber, the answers in the
recording are usually phrased differently from th e questions.
Answers on page 195
Smart answe r key on page 195
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
119
Use of English
Writing
30 minutes
65 minutes
Writing a student magazine article
8 Read the text in exercise 10 quickly and
answer the following questions.
1 Does t he wr iter t h in k space travel is a good
idea? Why? / Why not?
2 What does he t h ink abo ut the cos t
con nected with space sh utt les? Is it
expe ns ive or chea p to run them ?
3 Wh ich orga n isation in the USA is
respon sible for th e financing of space tra vel?
4 What do es the writer suggest th e
organ isatio n should do?
11 Rea d the instructions for exercise 13 on page
121 carefully. Then look at this mind map.
Collect yo u r ideas for each category. Ca n yo u
think of more categories to a dd?
home
C
experiences >
9 How many different words can you form
from the following prompts?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
school
po int (n )
expense (n)
science (n )
maintain (v)
fly (v)
astronomy (n )
difficu lt (ad j)
effect (n)
disadvantages
summer jo b
business
What parts of speech (verb, n o u n , a d jective,
adverb, etc.) a re the word s t h a t yo u have
formed?
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~
C advantages : )
~
C
~
future
>
15 minutes
t ransport
10 Read t h e following text a bo u t space travel.
Fill in each gap 1-8 with a word formed
from t h e prom p ts given in bra ck ets.
Many peopl e think that it is ' _ _ (POINT)
to send people into space. It is dangero us and
also very z_ _ (EXPENSE), and some wo uld
say t hat it's not even ' _ _ (SCIENCE) use ful.
The costs of the ' _ _ (MAINTAIN) of th e
space sh ut tles wh ich are used for manned
' _ _ (FLY), and of the Internati onal Space
Station, are simply ' _ _ (ASTRONOMY) .
NASA - the Nation al Aeronautics and Space
Administration - consequently faces huge
financial ' _ _ (DIFFICULT). Perhaps they
should forget th e manned programme and
look for more ' _ _ (EFFECT) missions.
An sw ers on page 196
EXAM TIP
Und erstanding w hat th e text is about w ill help you
wh en you are tryi ng to fill in the gaps. Look for clues
that help you decide what part of speech the missi ng
wo rd is. When yo u have finished, read t hroug h t he
who le text again to check that the words fit in logically
as well as grammatically.
120
SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLO GY
sport
If you 're worki ng with a partner, show each
other yo ur min d maps. Disc uss your ideas,
a nd try to a dd more to your m in d m aps.
12 Read this part of a letter w ritten by an
imaginary student in t he ye ar 2050. Ch oose
words fro m t h e list to fill t he gaps .
full
we re
wit hout
there
th is
aga in
say
te ll
I know it's d ifferent for m e and for my parents.
They ' _ _ they can remember a world z_ _
the Int ernet. There was, th ey ' _ _ me, a
building ca lled a library whe re yo u co uld go .
These buildin gs co nta ine d many book s an d
there were people ' _ _ who co u ld give yo u
advice. Well, ' _ _ all sou nds very st ran ge to
me! Perhaps one da y in th e futur e, th e wh eel
will turn ' _ _ circle a nd we will sta rt to build
libraries ' _ _ , as if th ey ' _ _ a new
inventi on!
Smart answer key on page 196
HOW TO STUDY
If yo u want to w rite well, yo u have to plan . Planning is
for write rs w ha t training is for ath letes! Practise d ifferent
ways of planning essays on a really wide range of topic s.
Anything could be the basis for an essay plan : 'My trip
to th e sho ps yesterday.' 'W hy my broth er is annoying.'
' Living on my street.'
WRITING EXAM
~
50 minutes
13 The editors of a n international student
magazine have asked you to write an
article about people and technology. They
would like yo u to deal with the following:
• What experiences d oes the av era ge perso n
have of technol ogy in their daily life?
• Do yo u think technology helps us, or does
it just ca use problems?
• How do yo u predict technology will affect
o ur lives in the future?
Write your article in about 200 words.
Answers on page 197
Speaking
Situational role-play
70 minutes
~ 30 minutes
14 Read the instructions to exercise 17 carefully.
Then read the suggest io ns below. Co m p lete
the responses. Fo r each one, you should first
agree, and then disagree. In each case, you
n eed to give a reason.
If we're goi ng to ta lk abo ut o ur homes, we
could ta ke some photos and bring t he m in to
class.
Yes, that's a good idea, bec ause
_
I don't think so, because
_
2 Why don't we prepare a short play or drama
about work in the pas t, and t h en act it to
the class ?
Yes, that's a good idea, because
_
I don't think so, because
_
3 For that sect io n of the presentati on, we
m ight ask o ur teacher to tell the class all
abo ut it.
Yes, that's a good idea, because
_
I do n ' t th ink so, because
_
15 From each pair of answers yo u have written
in exercise 14, choose the one that's closer to
your opinion.
If you 're working with a partner, co m pa re
your ideas.
16 Two students are talking ab o ut the topic in
the ex a m task below. Ca n you put their
dialogue into the correct o rd er?
_ _ That's true. We co uld make a chart
showing the different possibilities for
qualifica tions.
_ _ No w, what do yo u think we sh o uld start
off with?
_ _ Yes, why not? We all have tha t in
co mmon . How sh all we do it?
_ _ Yes, that would make eve ryone feel
d irec tly in vol ved .
_ _ She is, yes, but t his is supposed to be our
ow n ideas.
_ _ Co uld we ask yo ur mother how to do it?
She is a science teacher, aft er all.
_ _ Then we could ask the class if people in
t he ir families have those q ua lificat io ns .
_ _ That wo u ld be effective - nice and clear.
_ _ Why don 't we begin h ere? I mean , wit h
the qu estion of ed ucation .
SPEAKING EXAM
~
10 minutes
17 You and your partner have been asked to
give a presentation about the role of
science and technology in today's society.
Discuss and decide together how you will
address the following:
scie nce an d life in the h o m e
technology an d the workplace
ed uca tio n for science an d technology
predi cti ons for the fut ure.
Answers on page 191
EXAM TIP
If you wan t yo ur role-play to be realistic, you need to
learn to respond and react to what the ot he r pe rson
says to yo u in a natural way_ Practise using the
expressio ns in exercise 16. Learn ot her ways, too. You
can find some useful phra ses in the Speaking Bank on
page 128.
4 I think we co u ld write lot s of different
predi cti on s o n pieces of paper and displ ay
them ro un d the classroom so eve rybo dy
co uld go and loo k at them all .
Yes, that's a good idea, because
_
I don 't think so, because
_
Smart answer key on page 197
SCIENCE AND TECHNOlOGY
121
Picture-based discussion
40 minutes
18 Read these se n tences about the two photos
on this page. Ch oose the correct a nswer: a, b,
o r c, to fill eac h ga p .
I can 't see _ _ th is wo ma n is sitt ing in an
o ffice with ot he r people or alone.
a how b if c that
2 It's not sh own h ere, bu t I assume this is
_ _ on th e st reet somewhere.
a out b ove r c off
3 I don 't which co untry this is in, but it's not
my co untry, _ _ the post box is quite
EXAM TIP
It can be useful to think about what is not in the
pictures as well as what is there. You can see examples
of this in exercise 18, w here the student wa s th inking
about the things that aren't visible in the pictures. You
can find useful phrases for spec ulating abo ut a picture
in the Speaking Bank on page 128.
sim ilar to ours.
a altho ugh b de sp ite c except
4 Of co urse we don 't know wh o _ _ is th at
sh e's calling, bu t she seems to be en joying
the co nve rsatio n anyway.
a the re b thi s c it
5 She's definitely prett y, but she's do ne
someth ing a littl e stran ge with h er hair,
_ _ it up wit h those thi ng s.
a attac he d b tied c con nec ted
6 I'd say that th is was a man 's ar m that we see
here, and I th in k h e's _ _ three enve lopes
int o the box.
a send ing b making c putt ing
7 I'm won de ring if the wo rd 'times' is written
on the box, in wh ich _ _ I guess it's in
Ca nada or Aust ralia or some wh ere like tha t.
a case b point c exa m ple
19 Match the tw o parts, 1-5 and A- E together to
fo rm questions that you might expect an
examiner to ask during the exam task.
I
2
3
4
5
Are yo u ab le to relate either
Cou ld yo u say a little mor e
As far as you' re co ncern ed, has email
Wha t do you imagine she mi ght be
Wha t kind of letters do you think
A
B
C
D
E
rep laced the nee d for the postal service?
o f these pictures to your own expe rience?
using a com puter for at the momen t?
the ones h ere m ight pe rhaps be?
abo ut tha t to explain what yo u mean ?
SPEAKING EXAM
I', 10 minutes
20 Look at the two photos. They show
different aspects of communication in
today's society. Com p a re a n d contrast the
pictures.
Wh at is you r exp erience of th ese
situations?
• How do you think com m un ication will
develop in th e future?
Answers on page 197
122
SCIENCE AND TECHNO LOGY
Smart an swe r key o n page 197
HIGHER LE VE L
Listening
35 minutes
1 Read st atements 1- 10 in exercise 2. Ch oose the correct
alternative below to com p lete the information about the
recording you 're going to hear.
1 Ryan in vented a device to help blind / deaf people.
2 Ryan thought of the idea in a restaurant / in a science
lesson.
3 The dev ice translates sign language / foreign languages.
LISTENING EXAM
. . 25 minutes
2 . , 26 First read sentences 1- 10 below. You will hear a
radio in terview with Ryan Patterson, the inventor of a
n ew device . Decid e which of the sentences a re true (T)
a nd w h ic h are fa lse (F), ac cording to the recording.
1 The idea for th e inve n ti on occurred to Ryan wh ile
wo rking at a Burger King restaurant. T / F
2 The deaf people Ryan saw were showing the cash ier what
they wanted to order. T / F
3 Ryan used th e idea whe n h e en tered a science con test .
T /F
4 A cell pho n e is used as the receiver wh en using the Sign
Language Trans lator. T / F
S Ryan 's in vention help s deaf people learn sign lan guage.
T/ F
6 The in vention brought Ryan mo ney to cover the costs of
hi s fur the r educatio n. T / F
7 Ryan had to learn h ow deaf people use sign lan guage.
T /F
8 Ryan had n o pre vious expe rien ce of building electron ic
devices. T / F
9 Ryan h ad consi de red various typ es of gloves for hi s
in ven tion . T / F
10 Ryan h as sold hi s in vention to a deaf commun ity cen tre.
Use of English
40 minutes
3 Read the following sentences.
Look carefully at t h e
underlined words. Are they
correct (.I') , or should they be
deleted (X)? Decide in ea ch
case.
I
Rem ember that th e history of
science an d technology is a
history of m istakes as well as.
2 A scien tist ha s to start
some where, so he starts with
a guess an d tries to prove it
wrong. _ _
3 Havin g kn owled ge doesn 't
n ecessaril y make us wise: we
kn ow that abo ut po llut ion,
but we still fly an d d rive.
4 Th ere are also issues such as
global wa rmi ng abo ut which
it seems eve n the experts
can't agree. __
5 Man 's ap pare n tly un stoppabl e
hunger for en ergy is leadi n g
to the terribl e damage to th e
plan et . _ _
6 Grow ing in terest in the
pot ential of alternative
sources of energy is a cause
for some ill cautio us
opti mism . _ _
T/ F
Answers on page 197
EXAM TIP
Use your time systematically:
, Read the task carefully.
2
Listen to th e recording for th e first time , and while you listen, mark
th e answ ers you' re certain about.
3 Look at the task again, paying special attention to the items you did
not answer the first time you heard th e recording.
4
5
Listen to th e recording again a nd mark the missing answers.
Check that all answers have been marked . If you really don't
know the
answe r, g uess.
Smart answer key on page 197
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
123
4 Now read these sentences. For
each gap, d ecide which is
correct, the word in A o r B, o r
no word (C).
We tend to t hink we' re so
clever t h ese days, forgetting
that the Egyptia ns, fo r
example, built the pyramids
wit hou t _ _ electr icity.
A the
B so me
C 2 1 sti ll feel th e postal service is
the m ost amazin g thing: you
put a letter _ _ in a bo x in
o ne co u nt ry an d it appears in
so meone else's house o n th e
o ther side o f the wo rld .
A through
B off C3 Change h appens so q uickly
t hat it see ms ha rd to kee p
_ _ wit h it so metim es.
A up
B on
C 4 I won de r _ _ the day will
co me when they'll say, OK,
th at's it, we've invented
everyt h in g n ow.
A that
B if C5 It seem s to m e t ha t there's
m o re magic _ _ in a single
n ew flow er in sprin g than in
a ll t he space ro ckets.
A bein g B been
C-
Reading
35 minutes
6 Read the following sentences from the article on page 125.
Decide from the context what the underlined words mean.
1 No co ns u me r prod uc t in hi st or y has cau gh t o n as quickly
as t he mobile pho n e, global sales of which have risen from
six millio n in 1991 to m o re t han 400 millio n a yea r now.
Catch 0 11 m eans
a beco me po pu lar.
b di sco ver by chance.
c attract atte n ti o n .
2 Mo bile phone take-up among the poor has actually been far
quicker than it was in the case of previous products, such as
co lo ur television, co m pute rs a nd In ternet access.
Take-lip is
a the act of gain ing co n trol.
b the proper way of using so me t h ing .
c the rat e at which people buy o r accep t so me th ing .
7 No w find the following words o r phrases in the article in
exercise 8, a n d write similar short definitions for them.
1 opin io n poll
2 landline
3 run up
4 in n ovati o n
5 bridge t he gap
6 dr awb ack
EXAM TIP
When you have completed yo ur answers, check t hat no qu estion was left
unan sw ered . If you are really not able to decide whic h answer is righ t,
just g uess.
USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~ 25
minutes
5 Read this text about rockets. Most lines co n ta in an ex t ra word - a word that is
eit h er grammatically incorrect or one that does not fit in with the meaning o f
the te xt. Some lines, however, are co rrec t . Find the extra word, cross it out,
a n d write it after the line. Tick (,f) the correct lines. There are two examples
at the beginning.
THE HISTORY OFROCKETS
o The complete truth of the history of rockets will probably never be enti rely clear.
~
00 but it does seem that it all was started in China overtwo thousand years ago. But it
was
1 took on quite a while for rockets to reach Europe. Although the Chinese were fully
2 used to incorporating rockets into their military strategy by the time William the
3 Conqueror invaded England from France in 1066. neither of the English northe
4 French were familiar with them . The rocket seems to have been arrived in Europe
5 in the year 1241 . There are historical records that showing that the Mongols used
6 rockets against the Magyars in their attack on the cityof Buda on Christmas Day of that year.
An swers on page 198
EXAM TIP
The re are m any ways in w hich a w ord in an exercise like t his can be w rong. Think carefully about
w hat yo u have practised in thi s sequence, and m ake a list of the various reasons. Then yo u will be
better prepared to find t he errors next time you do an exercise like this one.
124
SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLOGY
Smart answer key on page 197
READING EXAM
8 Read the a rt icle a bout mobile phones . Th en ch oose the
co rrec t en d ing: a, b, c, o r d , to co m p lete sta te men ts 1- 5.
('lOaILE
rtEVOLUTIOn
No consumer product in history has caught on as quickly as the
mobile phone, global sales of which have risen from six million in
1991 to more than 400 million a year now.
The arrival of the mobi le phone has transformed our lifestyles
so much that men now spend more time on the phone than
women, according to the results of our special opinion poll.
Mobile phones are no longer just the domain of the teenager
and, in fact, just as many 40- and 50-somethings now own a
mobile phone as the 15 to 20 age group (slightly below 70%). Even
among the over 65s more than 40% now have a mobile.
The survey found that men with mobile phones 172% of all
men) spend more than an hour a day making calls on an average
weekday. Th e average man spends sixty-six minutes on his
land line or his mobile, compared with fifty-three minutes before
the mobil e phone revolution.
But the poll reveals that, while men are using their phones a
lot more, women are actually spending less time on the phone.
Slightiy fewer women 167%1have a mobile phone, and the survey
shows that the average amount of time they spend on the phone
on a weekday has gone down from sixty-three minutes before
they got a mobile to fifty-five minutes now. The explanation might
lie in the fact that men love to play with tec hno toys while women
may be more conscious of the bills they are running up.
innovation in mobile phones has been happening so fast that
it's difficult for consumers to change their behaviour. Phones are
consta ntly swall owing up other products like cameras,
calculators, clocks, radios, and digital music pl ayers. There are
twenty different products that previously might have been bought
separatelythat can now be part of a mobile phone. Mobiles have
changed the way peopletalk to one another, they have generated
a new type of language, they have saved lives and become style
Icons.
Obviously, the rich have been buying phon es faster than the
poor. But this happens with every innovation. Mobile phonetakeup amongthe poor has actually been far quickerthan it was inthe
case of previous products, such as colour television, computers
and Internet access. Indeed, as mobile phones continue to
become cheaper and more powerful, they might prove to be more
successfulin bridging the gap between the ri ch and the poorthan
expensive computers.
There are obviously drawbacks to mobiles as well : mobile
users are two and a half times more li kely to develop cancer in
areas of the brain adjacent to their phone ear, although
researchers are unable to prove whether this has anything to do
with the phone; mobile thefts now account for a third of all street
robberies in Lo ndon, and don't forget about all the accidents
waitingto happen as people drive with a mobi le in one hand. But,
overall, mo bile phones have proved to be a big benefit for peopl e.
..
20 minutes
1 The gro up wit h t he highest
number of people who own
a m obile phone is
a teenagers.
b people between 40 and
SO.
c men.
d women .
2 According to th e opin ion
poll, women
a spend more time on th e
phone than men .
b spen d less time on the
phone than th ey used
to .
c like to pla y with their
mobile phones.
d don't worry about their
p hone bills .
3 Accord ing to th e text,
mobile phones
a are modified too fast .
b are incorporated in to
cameras.
c can now rep lace many
ot her products.
d a re more complica ted to
operate than rad ios.
4 Among the poor, the
demand for mobile phones
a has created more of a
gap with the rich .
b is higher than am ong
the rich .
c follows th e pattern of
similar innovations.
d ha s grown faster th an
the demand for
computers.
5 One di sadvantage o f
mobile ph ones that the
article does not mention
is the
a high operating costs.
b h igher crime rat e.
c poss ible h ealth risk.
d in creased danger to road
users.
Answers on page 198
Smart answer key on pa ge 198
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
125
Writing
10 minutes
-----
Planning is very important for this type of w riti ng exam
Writing a discursive essay
9 Read the statement in exercise 12 carefully. It
suggests that there are many problems
curren t ly rela ted to te chnology, and perh a ps
more to come. What problems do you thin k
there a re at presen t? What p roblems do you
think m a y a rise in the fu tu re? Make notes o f
your ideas.
10 Read th is part of an essa y. Ch oose words and
p hrases from the list to fill in the gaps.
The resu lt of • Mor eover •
Thus
In con trast • Th is is • However
It may be useful to remind our selves of one
perh aps rat her obv io us point. ' _ _ that the
people who design software an d th in k up n ew
applicatio ns for IT with in the wor kplace are
experts . a_ _ r the vast majority are
en th usiasts. "_ _ th ey feel comfortable an d
hap py with tec hnology. ' _ _ to them , the
average person, say an office wor ker who has to
learn a new softwa re package, lacks confidence.
s _ _ th is disti nctio n is that developments are
d riven by the min ority. ' _ _ r it is the maj ority
who feel the effects.
11 Read this part of a n introduction to an essay.
Ca n yo u find and correct the six er rors it
co n tains?
Th e sta teme nt that this essay bases on is a
pess im istic one . It h as been issued by some one
fro m a co m pletely n egat ive attitude to
tec h nology. I will begin my essay by
co nside ring h ow is meant by the sta teme n t. I
will then move over to look at a number of
coun ter-arg ume nts. Finally, I will deliver m y
conclusion. Th is is basically that the action we
n eed to take is grea tly to in crease the level of
technologically educa tio n gene rally available.
WRITING EXAM
EXAM TIP
task. The task itself doesn't always provide you with a
list of points. This mean s th at you m ust spe nd some
time plann ing very carefully, sta rting with produci ng
ideas - as yo u did in exercise 9 here.
Speaking
45 minutes
Picture-based discussion
25 minutes
13 Here are some jumbled sentences from
students talking about the photo on page
12 7. Ca n you put the underlined words into
the correct order?
1 She's some old sto ne o utside on sitti ng steps.
2 I guess she rem embered when she was sen t
walking she h adn 't sudde nly an im portant
email along.
3 Perhap s before she's to h er p lane try ing an
to colle ague em ail h e takes a send .
4 Of course , might just be inspiration she a
moment write r wh o a h ad of.
5 I don 't think quite she's lon g going to it's
stay un comfortable beca use .
14 Read this paragraph. Somebody is talking
about using computers. Co m p lete the text by
choosing one word for ea ch ga p. One of the
words is used twice.
tot ally • suc h
mean s
them selves
actually
wit h • m ore
For me, computers are a ' _ _ to an end,
n othing z_ _ . I don 't find them in teresting in
a_ _ • Th ey en able me to do th ings that I need
to do, ' _ _ as sen d ing ema ils o r chec king
in formation on websites to h elp me s_ _ my
h omework or con nected to one of m y h ob bies.
But ' _ _ m y sister the situatio n is ' _ _
different. It's like you can't believe we're ' _ _
related . She is ob sessed wit h com puters. I don't
understand, but tha t's the tru th .
.. 60 minutes
SPEAKING EXAM
12 Write an essay (200-250 words) based on
the fo llowing topic.
The worl d to day faces a serious ch allen ge: we
don't really un derstand the ways in whi ch
tec hnology is cha n gin g our lives: our
wo rk/ed uca tio n, our leisur e, our
com m un icatio n, ou r relations h ips everyth in g. An d if we don't understand
tod ay's world , ho w can we m ake sure
tomorrow's wo rld is a goo d o ne for ou rselves,
ou r ch ildre n, our ch ild ren's ch ildren .. .?
.. 10 minutes
1S Look a t the photo of so m ebody using a
laptop. Ta lk about the picture.
• Wh y do yo u th in k sh e's where she is?
• What do you think sh e's do ing?
Wh at do yo u think will h appen next?
How does this situa tion co rnpa re to yo ur
use of com puters?
• Is life without computers an d th e Int ern et
possible th ese days? Why? / Wh y n ot?
Answers on page 199
Answers on page 199
126
SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLOGY
Smart answer key on page 199
EXAM TIP
SPEAKING EXAM
When you are imagining things or speculating about a picture or
situation, you need to control your language carefully. Make sure you
und erstand how to use m odal verbs and conditi onal struct ures so t hat
yo u can describe w hat yo u are imagining, guessing, and so on. You can
find useful phrases in the Speaking Bank on page 128.
Debate
20 minutes
16 What do you think are the most important scientific
discoveries or technological inventions? Read the following
list, and think about how these things have changed the
way we live. Write down at least one reason why you think
each of them is important.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
nuclear energy
cars
antibiot ics
mapping o f the human gen ome
the Internet
space flight
planes
.. 10
minutes
17 Read the follow ing
statement. Do you agree or
disagree? Prepare arguments
to support your view. Discuss
the issue with your partner,
and respond to their counterarguments.
Technol ogical inventions do n't
make our lives better. Th ey
sim ply creat e mor e products
we're expected to buy.
An sw ers on pag e 199
EXAM TIP
If yo u can' t think of w hat to say
qui ckly for or against som ething , try
com paring it to som et hing else: w hich
thing has more advantages and which
more disadvantages?
Are there any other important discoveries or inventions?
What do you think should be added to the list?
Smart answer key on page 199
SCIENCE A ND TECHNOLOGY
127
Sgeaki rng
Ba til ~
Situational role-play
Starting a conversa tion
Excuse me. Can I tell / ask yo u some t h in g?
Can I ta lk to you fo r a m oment?
Can I h ave a wor d ?
Ask ing for directi ons / information
Excuse me. How do I get to ... ?
Is t here a (post office) n ear here?
Could yo u te ll m e th e way to ... ?
I'd like to know ... , please.
Do you know (where the bus stop is)?
And there is one m o re thing I'd like to kn ow.
And yo u wo uld n' t know ... , would you?
Giving directions
Go straigh t ahead.
Turn left / right .
Take the first / secon d tu rn in g on yo ur right / left .
Go past (the school).
Keep going until you get to ...
Go along (Green Street) as far as the traffic lights.
Th en ...
You need to ...
Expressing opinions
see under Debate
Apologising
(I'm) so rry for (sth / doing sth ).
I'm really sorry.
I'm aw fu lly sorry.
I apol ogise.
Making Cl requ est
Can / Could you ... ?
Would you mind (doin g st h) ?
Do you think you could ... ?
Do you think yo u could pos sibl y ... ?
Will you ... ?
Agreeing to Cl request
OK. / All righ t.
Yes, sure.
Cer ta in ly.
Refusing a request
Sorry, but ...
I ca n' t reall y ...
I'm afraid I can 't ...
Making suggestions / arrangemen ts to meet
Are you doing anything on ... ?
Would you like to (do st h)?
Do you fancy (st h / doin g st h) ?
Why don't we (do st h)?
128
SPEA KING BANK
Let's (do sth).
How / What about (doing st h) ?
I was wondering if you 'd like to (do st h)?
It wou ld be great if we (did st h).
Accep ting suggestions / arrangements to meet
(Yes .) I'd love to .
(Yes.) I'd be glad / happy to.
Su re, why n ot?
Sounds goo d to m e.
Gre at !
Yes, that would be (great / good / useful / excellent).
Yes, (I think) that's a good ide a.
Th at's a great ide a!
That's a goo d / an exce llent suggestion !
Yes, that 's prob ably th e best option.
Th at wou ld / cou ld be fun / interesting.
Rejecting suggestions / arrangements to meet
Sorry, but I can 't.
Sorry, bu t I'm bu sy o n ...
Sor ry, but I've got to (do sth) .
I'm afraid I can' t .
Th at' s a good idea, but ...
I'd love to, but ...
I don't th in k so, (because .. .).
Well, I'd rather (do st h).
Yes, but don't you think it wou ld be bet te r to
(do st h) ?
Asking for help
Could yo u (do st h) ?
Would you mind (do ing st h)?
Can you help m e, please?
Cou ld you give / lend me a h an d ?
Offering something
Would you like (a biscuits ]
How about (a cup of coffee)?
Fancy (a drink)?
I'll do it for you.
Shall I help you to (do sth)?
How can I h elp (you)?
Accepting an offer
Yes, please. / Thanks.
Th an k you very much . Th at 's very kind of you.
Tha t wou ld be lovely, th ank you .
A sking for permission
Cou ld I ... ?
Is it OK / all right if I ... ?
Do you mind if I (do st h)?
Would you mind if I (did sth)?
Would it be OK if I (d id st h)?
I was wondering if I could ... ?
Giving permission
Yes, of co urse.
Yes, sure.
Yes, th at 's fin e.
No, t hat's fin e.
No, go ahead .
No probl em.
Refusing permission
Sorry, but ...
I'm afraid that's not po ssible.
I'd rat her you d idn 't (if yo u don't min d).
As king for a dvice
What do you think I sh ould do?
Do yo u think I sho uld ... ?
Can I as k yo ur op in io n abo ut som eth ing?
Giving advice
I think you shou ld / oug h t to ...
If I were yo u , I'd (do st h).
Have yo u th ought abo ut (doing sth)?
Have yo u co ns idered (do ing st h)?
Why don't you .. . ?
You mi ght en joy (doing st h) .
You could ...
Sayillg tha nks
Tha nks a lot. / Many thanks.
Thank yo u very m uch.
That wa s / is very kind of yo u.
Respo nding to thanks
Not at a ll.
No probl em .
Don 't mention it.
Any time.
Th at 's O K.
You' re welcome.
It's a pleasur e. / My pleasur e.
Picture- or statistics-based discussion
Desc ribing a pic t ure
In t he picture I can see ...
Th e picture shows ...
They look (tired).
She see ms / appears to be (happy) ...
On th e right / left th ere is ...
At the top / bottom th ere are ...
In th e top righ t-hand co rne r there see ms to be ...
In the foreground / backg round ...
I think th ey represent .. .
Th e image reminds m e of / makes me think of ...
Th e setti ng is ...
Ta lking about sta tistics
Most ...
The vast ma jor ity of ...
Nearl y ha lf / all (o f th e respondents) ...
Less than half of .
Nea rly a third of .
A quarter of .
Hardly a ny .
Com pared to ... it's (tm times / 55 %) m or e (likely /
conunoni ...
Th e contrast between (air travel) an d (sea travel)
is (in)s ign ifican t.
Ex plaini ng what something is
It's so me t h ing that (covers the windows. You can
(1'" 11 it).
It's a kind of (bed) t hat you ca n (sit 011 when yOIl
want to watch TV).
It's (a box) made of (wood) where (somebody keeps ... )
Specu la ting
(I gue ss) they might / co u ld be (brother and sister).
It mu st be (some kind of a machine ),
She is prob abl y (more than 17).
She can't be (011 holiday), beca use ...
She co u ld be or ...
He looks as if .
It's not clear if .
It looks like (they 're [tiends v.
Th ey see m (to be ill love).
I im agine they're .
I expect that she's .
I wonder if h e's ...
Debate
Orde ring arguments
To start with, ...
First of all , / Firstl y, ...
Seco n d ly, .
Another thing is that ...
On the one hand ... but o n th e other hand ...
On the other h an d, .
The main reason is .
Another rea son is .
Well, the thing is th at ...
It's a lso true that ...
And on to p of t hat ...
And fina lly ...
Givi ng examples
For exam ple, ... / For in stance, ...
To give yo u a n idea, ...
One exam ple of this is ...
Look at th e case of ...
Su tn murising
So wh at it co mes down to is ...
The point I'm tr ying to make is ...
Let m e just recap wh at's been said so far.
In short ...
In other words ...
To sum up ...
Ask ing for som eone's opi n ion
What do you think (of / abo ut ... )?
Have you considered .. . ?
SPEAKING BANK
129
What's yo ur view / opi n io n / take on .. . ?
Don 't yo u ag ree t hat ... ?
Expressing opinions
I thin k (t hat) ...
In my view / opinion, .. .
I'm co nv inced / posi tiv e that .. .
To my mind, ...
Person ally, I thi nk .. .
As I see it, .. .
From my po in t of view, .
As far as I'm concerned, .
I don't th ink .. .
I don 't really know (if) ..
I'm n ot sure (abo ut / if) ..
I don't have a stron g / definite opinion abo ut that.
Agreeing / Accep ti ng the other person 's viewpoint
Yes, I agree (with you).
I co m p letely ag ree .
I co uldn 't agree wit h yo u more.
Th at's exactly wha t I think.
My po in t exac tly.
I know.
I can go along wit h that .
(I thi n k) yo u 're righ t.
Righ t. / That's right.
True. / Th at's true.
Abso lutely.
Exactly!
I su ppose so.
Disagreeing
Yes / True, but ...
I'm afraid I di sagree / can't agree wit h you .
I take / see yo u r point, bu t .
I see wh at yo u m ean, bu t .
I'm not sure ab out t h at.
I'm not sure that 's true / cor rect / right.
I'm not sure I can acce pt that.
I ag ree to so me ex te nt, but ...
Th ere mi ght be so me truth in th at, bu t ...
I can't agree / go along with that .
I d isagree.
I do n't see why / h ow.
You m ust be jokin g!
Sure ly yo u don 't t h in k that .. .
Actually, .. .
130
SPEAKING BA NK
Other useful functions
Responding to what someone has said
Do you? / Are yo u? / Is it? (the ap pro p riate
question ta g from the sta te ment)
Th at's interesting.
Really?
I see.
Oh , OK.
Playing for time
Let me see, ...
Well, let m e think, ...
Hrn, let me think about that for a m oment ...
I'll have to think ab out it.
How sh all / can I put it?
What's the wor d for it ?
Asking for clarification / Saying you don 't
understand
Pardon?
Sorry?
Sorry, I didn't quite catc h that .
Sorry, I mi ssed that .
Do you m ean .. . ?
Does t h is m ean ... ?
Ca n you say it / that again, please?
Would yo u mind rep eating that , please?
Co uld yo u repeat t ha t more slow ly, please?
Co uld you spell that, please?
Email
..
• The com pute r includes yo ur
e
•
email address and the date
auto matically.
From: " d an iel.hugh es @m ail st ar.com
III
Sent: 21 /07/06
o--t---t<I*--. - k_schneid er @ma yersoft. at
• Write the email address of the
Cc:
person you' re w riting to .
ank e76 5 @f re ipost.net
le':! M y v is it
Hi ~n
d;;';~~u r m essag e a bo ut t he weat he r. I'll m ake su re I pack m y
• Write the address of the people
you would like to send a copy of
the letter to.
umbrella !
M y fl ight is arr ivin g in Vie n na t om orro w at 15.35, th en I' ll t ake a
bu s from th e airport to the ce ntre . I'll gi v e y o u a ring f ro m th e
hotel wh en I g et th ere. Ho w about m eetin g up lat er for dinn er?
If Ank e arri v es from St uttg a rt, pe rha ps she co u ld joi n u s, t o o .
It will be great to see yo u aga in soo n !
• Choose a subject.
• Write the message like a short
informal lett er or a personal
not e.
Tak e ca re,
Dani el
Postcard
• W rite th e nam e an d add ress of
t he person you're writin g to.
• Pu t the date at the top. (You
can leave this out.)
~
~e"r "l'lA....~ Do.d
-t"1<t~i
/
• Write Dear and the name of the
pe rson yo u' re w riting to.
• W rite your message . Use sho rt
I
form s (I 'll, it's, we're) and short
sentences.
• Finish with a friendly phrase:
2:3r~/y
...... i1<
:r '.... k"Vi1<(J" "
A'lAstri" . The we"tker's (}re"t:L:o~
s'lA1<ski1<e "1<,1 1<0 ",i1<. "l/y kote.i's
B'lAit e co....-tort"b.l.e, too.
We've ".l.re"d/y visited Scko1<br'lA1<1<
c." st.!.e . :r t 's be"'lAti-t'lA.l. 1 NeXt weeKe1<d
we're p.I."1<1<i1<(} to (}Oto S".l.t;b'lAr!j" :r '....
re".I..I.)\ e1<j"/ji1<(J" ..../Yse.i-t, b'lAt .r :tor(J"ot
to P'lAf 01< S'lA1<Cre" .... "1<,1 1<OW :r tki1<X
~e (}ot s'lA1<b'lAr1< !
See you soon,
Wish
Wish you were here!
(Lots of) Love, (to family
were. k ere!
3 4-
c."r.!.to1< c.o'lArt
"l,,/y! ie.id Ro"d
Br isto.l.
BSi. 3QA
1AK
L.ots o-t .l.ove,
D"1<ie.l.
members and close friends)
Best wishes,
lJ01A
"lr "1<,1 "lrS P H'lA(}keS
7/
• Sign yo ur nam e. First nam e is
usually enough.
WRITING BANK
131
Informal letter
• Put your address in the to p right
corner. We often leave this out,
~
t--
..
£,
&sterk"SJr(}"SSe 19
A- IOW Wie "
• Wri te the date.
A1Astri"
• Start with Deaf and the nam e of
3D
:J1A-M 2.00£
the person you're w riting to.
• If you 're w riting a reply, thank
the person for the ir lett er or
anyt hing else t hey sent you,
• Use inform al language to w rite
yo ur lette r.
Th""Ks " fot -I'or tke dictio""rJr Jr01A se"t ece . :Lt 's (}oi,,(} t o be "
(}re"t kefp i" ....Jr eX"....s !
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We..stblXk1tlko-t) IX1tlO i-t lj01A (}ive.
• Finish with a friendly expression:
(Lots of) Love, (t o family and
close friends)
Take care, (to fri ends)
Best wishes,
I'1'.£.
ljo1Ar e. l1\.lXi£ lXoore.ss) I ct\1tl se.1-tO
Jr01A tke fi"K to tke ir website.
let "'" KMW wk"t Jr01A tki"K! :r:t w01Afd be (}re"t t o see Jr01A
"(}"i", ""d :r: co1Afd skow Jr01A "if tke be"1Ati-l'1Af tki,,(}s i" ....Jr
kOl1\.e.tow1tl .
All the best,
Write. S0011 .
• Sign your name. First name is
usually enough. Close friends
sometimes put XXX (= 'kisses')
at th e end of t heir lett er.
MORE USEFUL PHRASES :
Thanks far your letter.
It was great to hear from you.
I'm sorry I haven't written for ages / for so long.
It was a nice surprise to hear from you / to receive yourletter.
Write soon.
Keep in touch.
Give my regards / love
Regards,
All the best,
(Lots of) Love,
132
WRIT ING BANK
to your parents / Anke.
leaflet
• Choose a title to attract
attention .
-{Share your car
and save the planet!
• Write your message in short,
effective sentences.
• Millions commute to work each day by car.
• Most people trave l alone in t heir cars .
• Cars on the road cause traffic jams and pollute the air.
Reduce the number of car s on th e road by setting up
car-sharing schemes at work.
When four of you share a car, t hat makes three cars that
stay in the garage !
• Use con vincing arguments.
If you take turns driving, you ca n even reduce your level of
stress!
Contact Ci aire Harris for an information pack:
45 Ch arlotte Street
Bristol BS2 6ZX
phon e: 07986 135246
• Write you r contact details if you
want peopl e to get in to uch.
Invitation
@) ~ @)
• Choose a title to g ive
information about th e eve nt.
- ~aL.L.OW~~N
~ ......
~
~
~
~
~
~
wirh
'--- ~
......
28
~
~
FROM 7.l0 !'.M.
AT ThE STudENT CLub (44 ST MichAEL's Hill, BRiSTOL).
~ ~
fANCy dRESS o!,TioNAL, bUT RECOMMENdEd.
~1-----.... AdMissiON
FREE, bUT bRiNG SOME Food ANd dRiNk .
~
~
Hope to see you there:
~
DANiEl ANd CLAiRE
~
RSVP
~ (CLAiRE HARRis, ChARLOTTE
STREET, BRiSTOL BS2 6ZX,
~~
!,hONE: 07986 1 H246)
~
paR.-f.Y!
PLEASE COME TO A fANTASTic fANCy-dRESS pARTy ANd
• Include all the key information :
date, time and place.
• Also say :
- if the re is a dress code (do
peo ple have to wear certain
clothes?)
- if t he g uests need to bring
anythi ng
- if th ere is a charge (do peopl e
have to pay to enter?)
• Ask peopl e to reply if it's
necessary. You can use RSVP
(= 'please rep ly', fro m th e
French repondez s'it vous plait)
---
<----
cElEbRATE HAllOWEEN
SATURdAy
us ON
OCTobER
~
4~
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~~
@)
@ ) ~
WRITING BANK
133
Formal letter 1 (information request)
• Put your address in the top
corner.
6, Esterhazygasse 19
A-l060Wien
Austria
• Write the date.
• Put the following information
30 June 2006
Jessica Campbell
Information Office
English Language Academy
99 Downs Road
Bristol BS6 OYW
below the date:
- the full name (and title) of the
person you're writing to (if
you know)
- the department within thei r
company
- the name and address of the
company
Dear Ms Campbell,
~
I am writing w ith regard tb-t~tensive English summer
courses that you offer. I would be-very grateful if you could
send me some detailed information ;Bout~ courses that
will be held in your school in Bristo l this summer as well as
what kind of accommodation you provide.
• If you don't know the name of
the person, start with:
Deor Sir (if you know it's a man)
Dear Madam (if you know it's a
woman)
Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Siror
Madam.
I am 18 years old and I have been learning English in
Austria for seven years now. My written English is quite
good but I would like to improve my speaking skills. Do you
have any courses for teenagers which offer a lot of speaking
practice in small groups? As I am a student I would be
int erest ed in details of any d iscounts that are ava ilable, and
the full pr ice of the course including accommodation .
• If you know the name of the
person, start with Dear and
I look forward to receiving your reply.
• Suggest or request action if
appropriate.
write their title and surname .
• Explain your reason for writing.
/
I
• Write more relevant details.
Yours sincerely
• Finish with a polite expression,
t---
such as:
Looking forward to hearing from
you soon.
Karin Schneider
• Write:
Yours sincerely (if you addressed
the person by name)
Yours faithfully (if you didn't).
• Sign and print your full name.
MORE USEFUL PHRASES :
I am writing to enquire about ...
Could you pleose send me furt her information! details abou t ... ?
I would be very interested in finding out more about .. .
134
WRITING BANK
/
Formal letter 2 (complaint)
~
96 Russell St r e e t
Hen l eaze
Bri stol
BS4 lAB
Customer Service Dept .
Cheap-O Stores Ltd .
52 Stroud Road
Gloucester
GL2 aLO
10 September 2006
Dear Sir or Madam
I am writing to complain about the goods and service i n one
of your supermarkets .
La s t Saturday, I visit e d my local Chea p-O Supermarket i n
Bris to l to buy g r o c e r ies, wh i ch y o u adver ti s ed a s b eing
e x t r e me l y good value . Howe v e r , most p roducts we r e bei ng sold
at a price much higher than i n other shops, a nd when I got
home, I also found out that nearly all the dairy products I
had bought were past their sell-by dates . I think overpriced
food that has gone off is anything but good value .
/
When I r e t u r ned to t he s hop to make a compla i nt , I was told
that the dai ry she lve s ha d bee n che c ked that morn i ng and
that a ll the products were fre sh . They also cla imed I had
bought the products in a different shop, and refused to give
me a refund .
am very disappointed, and expect you to take some action
immediatel y. I am enclos ing a c opy of the rec eipt for my
pur c ha ses, fo r whi c h I am e x pec t i ng a fu l l r e fund . If I do
not hear from you with i n 14 days, I will contact the Fo o d
Standards Agency with my complaint .
I
I look forward to hearing from you soon .
....-'"
Yours faithfully
Doy;S Staple-toVl
~
/
Doris Stapleton (Mrs)
MORE USEFUL PHRASES:
I am writing to complain about ...
I want to express my strong dissatisfaction with ...
I demand a full refund .
I expect you to send me a replacement.
I would be grateful if you could send me a refund / replacement.
WRITING BANK
135
Formal letter 3 (job application cover letter)
• A cover letter is often written in reply to a job advertisement.
• Put yo ur address in th e to p
corner.
• Write th e date.
Wanted: Zoo Guides
• idea l summer job for stu de n ts
• Ju ly and August, part-time (15 hours/week), £ ISO/wee k
• so me weeke nd work required
• job involves gu lding walking tours around Bristol Zoo,
atte ndi ng Visito r Information Points, distributing leaflets
• goo d co m m u n ication and people skills, goo d level of a
spo ken fore ign language required
• training provided , but some experience with anima ls is an
advan tage
Apply (with CV) to :
Michael Cross ley
HR Manager
Bristol Zoo
1'.0 . Box 100
Bristol BS99 I I'll
Referenc e number: ZG/ P-07.06
• Wr ite the name, compa ny
details and add ress of the
person you're writing to (see
Formal letters 1 and 2).
• You can write a subject. If there
is a reference number, write this,
too .
• Write Dear and the title and
surname of the person you're
writ ing to. If you don 't know
the name of the perso n, you
can write:
Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Sir or
Madam or To whom it may
concern:
• In th e first paragraph, refer to
th e advertisement and say why
you are writing.
• In the next paragraph, give
information about your interest
and availability.
• Say what experience and skills
yo u've go t. You have to
persuade the reader that you're
the best person for the job !
• Add any other relevant
information.
• Finish with a polite expression,
such as:
I hope you will consider my
application.
I look forward to hearing from
you soon.
• Write Yours sincerely (if you
addressed the person by name)
or Yours faithfully (if you didn' t).
• Sign and print your full name.
136
WRITING BANK
:/
I
45 Charlotte Street
Bristol
BS2 6ZX
16 June 2006
Mr Michael Crossley
Hum an Resources Man ager
Bristo l Zoo
I'.O.Box lOO
BS99 II'B
Ap p lica t io n for the position of Zoo Guide
Ref. No . ZG/P-07.06
Dear Mr Crossley
I h ave seen yo ur ad vertise me n t in the May issue of Ci ty Life ma gazin e, and I
wo uld like to ap ply for the part-time position of Zoo Guide.
I am 18 years old, and h ave rece ntly co mpleted my A-leve ls in French, Biology
and Social Studies. I hope to stu dy Zoology at Reading Uni versity from
September, and I am curre ntly looking for a su m me r job before my course starts .
I would be able to sta rt work from 17 Ju ly and will be avai lable until th e en d of
Augu st.
I have gained valuable experience of working wit h an imals at my paren ts' farm
in Gloucestershire, whe re I grew up, and in my last two years I h ave been
studying Biology quite extens ively in preparation for my A-level exa minations. I
a lso en joy wor king with people, and I ha d th e responsibility of dealing with
custome rs in my part-tim e job last sum me r as a Box Office Assista nt at th e
Natural Histor y Museum in London. I have a good co m mand of French, both in
writi ng an d speak ing, and I also speak some Spanish . I am enc losing my CV with
details of my p revious education and work experie nce.
I believe I wo uld be a useful member of your team at the Bristo l Zoo, and I hop e
you will consider my app lication for th e posi tio n.
I look forwa rd to h earing from you soo n.
Yours sincerely,
Claire Harri s
MORE USEFUL PHRASES:
I am writing in response to / with regard to your advertisement which appeared
in the ... issue of .. .
I would like to apply for the position! the post of .. .
I would be grateful if you would cansider my application.
I hope you will be able to consider me for the position of ._.
WRITING BANK
137
Discursive essay (on a given topic) I Student magazine article
• If you're given a topic to w rite
about, read the instructions or
Write 220-280 w ords on the follow ing subject:
notes carefully to make sure you
understand what you need to
do.
Teleoision channels are becoming more and more specialised. There are
channels catering fo r a wide rallge of differellt viewers. This is challgillg
the role tcleoision plays ill our lives.
Include th e foll owing p oints:
• Before you write your essay or
art icle, take notes of the key
points you w ant to make. Make
sure you w rite something about
each of the points in the
instructions.
....-...-.. .
•
•
•
the background to this change (what made it p ossible?)
the ro le TV played twenty year s ago
the ro le of TV today
your personal view s on th e subject.
.r:
a su itable title for y ou r essay.
• Always think about your
audience. (Who's going to read
your writing?)
Television: still the centre of our lives?
Nowadays, te levisio n is becoming increasingly specialised ,
• Make a general statement to
~ each channe l offeri ng differe nt experiences fo r different
introduce you r topic at the start.
v iewe rs. There are channels ded icated to sports, to coo kery, o r
to f il m s, to give a few examples.
• Write a paragraph about each of
the required points.
The deve lopment of sate llite tec hno logy in the 1980s and
digita l broadcasting in the late 1990s increased the number of
te lev is ion channe ls, which is now no lo nger rest ricted by the
capacity of trad it iona l TV aeria ls. But t hi s increase in cho ice has
also made our expe rience of watch ing te levision diffe rent fro m
w hat it was like before.
Twe nty yea rs ago , mostTV sets could on ly rece ive a small
num ber of channels. Thi s also meant t hat peop le were
watching the same thi ngs, and eve nts in popular programmes
often became the central to pi c of co nve rsations . For examp le,
w hen th e characte r of JR Ewi ng was shot in an ep isode of the
popula r soap opera Dallas, many peop le spent the following
day disc uss ing their theories about the identity of his attacke r.
• Use examples to illustrate th e
points you are making.
• Use linking words to con nect
your sentences and your
paragraphs.
• If you're asked to include your
opinion, don 't use infor ma l
expressions to express
it.
• If there is a wo rd lim it, check
that you have written the
required amount.
~
Today, people can choose wh ichever channe l shows
"" programmes abo ut t heir favourite subjects . One per son m ig ht
wa tc h a footba ll game, but ot he rs spend the sam e eve ning
wa tching a f ilm or pop music videos. Apart from ma jo r eve nts
t hat attract a globa l audience, like t he Olymp ic Games, there
are few th ings on TV that cap ture the public im agi nat io n t he
same way t hey did in the past.
But I be lieve having the freedom to w atch w hat we want, when
we want to , is worth the pr ice of losing a shared topic for
conversations .
• Re-read your finished essay or
article to check tor mistakes.
MORE USEFUL PHRASES:
Furthermore, ...
For one thing,
In addition to this, ...
A further (negative / positive) aspect of this is ...
For example,
For instance,
.
.
.
Such as ...
On the one hand, ...
138
WRITING BA NK
Argumentative essay (for/against a statement)
• Read the instructions carefully
and make sure you understand
Write an essay of 200-250 words for or against the
following statement:
what you need to write.
Shoppillg celltres have improved the way we shop.
• Write the title of your essay.
The way we shop
• Make a general statement to
introduce the topic.
Shopping centres have chang ed the way we shop - but is
this really an improvement?
• Write about the advantages and
One positive aspect of shopping centres is conve nience: we
can find everything from groce ries to electron ics, from
cosmetics to clothes, under the same roof.
disadvantages or the arguments
for and against in separate
paragraphs.
Furthermore, shopping centres offer entertainment facilities,
like cinemas or bowling alleys, with an enormous range of .-- -f-things to buy and to do.
• Use a new paragraph to
In addition to this, they are places where you can meet
people and socialise in cafes and restaurants. They have
become the focus of socia l life for many teenagers.
• Support your main ideas with
arguments.
However, sma lle r loca l shops which used to offer a f riendli er,
more personal service are closing down because they cannot
keep up with the competition .
introduce each new topic.
• Use linking words and discourse
markers.
The same thing is happening to local cinemas, and
sometim es even bars and restaurants. In fact, we are losing
places that were once im po rtant in our lives.
Another disadvantage of shopping centres is that they offer
bland, uniform products all ove r t he wo rld - loca l character
is disappearing . In orde r to supply a large numbe r of
customers efficiently, mass-produced goods replace
custo m -ma de products.
To summarise, on the one hand, they offer a more
comfortable shopping experience, but on the other hand,
they make us all the same: customers in a commercialised
world where the most important things are things you
can buy.
Actu ally,
As far as I'm concerned, ...
In my view / opinion, .. .
To sum up, .. .
To summarise,
My view / opinion is that ...
In conclusion, .
the end of your essay.
• You should include your own
opinion, but don't use informal
expressions.
In my view, shopping cent res are useful, but we shou ld not
allow them to change t he wo rld we live in.
In contrast, ...
However, ...
In fact, .
• Summarise you r arguments at
• Check that you have written the
requ ired num ber of wo rds.
.
.
On the other hand, ...
WRITING BANK
139
Book review
• Always think about your
audience. (Who are you writing
for? Who's go ing to read your
Ender's Game
review?)
• Introduce the book you're
writing about. Give the title,
and the author, and any other
relevant background
..-_~
P'
One of my favourite books of all time is End er 's
Game by the American author Orson Scott Card. It is
t he f irst novel in a series of books wh ich all take
p lace in the same im ag inary universe.
information.
• Summarise the plot without
getting into too much detail.
(What happens in the book?)
• Focus only on the most
important things that you liked
or didn 't like about the book.
• Use examples to illustrate the
points you are making.
• Summa rise what you think
about the book.
• If you liked the book,
recommend it for others to
read, and give a reason w hy you
th ink they should read it.
• If there is a word limit, check
that you have written the
req uired amou nt.
• Re-read your finished review to
check for mistakes.
140
W RITIN G BAN K
End er s Game is a science fiction story about a
ta len ted boy, Ender, who is t aken to a mi litary
tra in ing school at a very ear ly age . End er spends h is
days tra ini ng and pract isi ng, but he is never told
about the purpose of his p reparation . After a difficult
start, he starts enjoying his train ing, and soon
becomes t he best among h is fe llow trainees . What
he does not real ise is that he is being prepared for
war aga inst an al ien race .
T he sto ry is written from the boy's perspective, who
cannot quite understand what is happening around
him .T he reader identifies with the protagon ist, and
when the f ina l twist comes (wh ich I do not want t o
give away), we live t h ro ugh the shock of it together
w ith Ender.
The book raises important questions of inno cence,
adu lts' respo ns ib il it ies towards chi ldren and about
the nature of specia l talent.
Card 's powerful story-te ll ing makes Ender 's Game a
real page-turner, and I pe rsona lly found it very
difficu lt to put down.
A n all-t ime science fiction classic, which I wou ld
definitely recommend to fans of the genre.
1 Family life
Stages in life
adolescence /,.edJ' lesnsl
adolescent 1,<cd d'lcs ntl
ad u lt l'",dAlt!
ad u lt hood 1" edAltltodl
age grou p
/' c1d3 gr u:p/
at the a ge o f
(eigh teen) 1' 1 oi 'cld3 ovl
baby "berbi/
be born Ibi 'bo-n/
birth Ib3:01
child ItJaIldl
ki d (inforll/ol ) /k td/
childhood " tj a ndho d/
d eath IdeOI
die /da t/
eld e rly (person) l' eld, lil
gen e ra tio n /dgena'rerj n/
g row up /qrao '" pi
grown-up (inforll/ol) "q rco nxp (n)1
marriage /' ma:n d ;yl
mi d d le age 1,lTI ld l 'cld31
middle-aged (pe rso n) I,mldl 'erd gd/
OAP (BrE) (Old Age Pensioner) 1'0
Cl
'p i:!
old age /ao ld 'eldy
p ensioner I' pcnI J l1d(r)!
teenager /'ti:ncld3J (r)/
toddler l 'todl, (r)1
yo u t h Ij u:OI
People in your life
acq ua in ta n ce /a'k wemtans/
ad o pted /a'd np trd/
a d o ptio n
/a'd npj n/
a u n t lo:ntl
best frie nd /best 'fren d/
bo y fri e nd "borfrend/
b roth e r l 'brAo, (r)1
ch il d re n (1") l'IJIldr, nl
close friend /klaos 'frend!
co u p le I' kApl/
cousi n I' kxzn/
d ad (into rmat; Id"'dl
daddy (info llnll l) I'd",dil
daughter l' do:l o(r )1
daughter-ill-l aw l'dJ:tJ(r)m,b :/
divo rced /d r'v ccst/
e x -husband /eks'h azband/
/eks'wa if/
famil y m ember I' fa~m J l i membat r j/
ex-w ife
father I'fa:oo(r)/
father-In-law l 'fo :o ;;l(r)m ,b :1
fiance /fi'n nser/
fiancee /tl'onser/
foster children /Tosta .tj tldran/
foster parents /Tcsto .pearants/
girlfrie n d l'g3:lfrendl
gra ndchildren (PI) "qrren tj rldran/
gra n d d ad (i nt onnol) I'gncnd"'dl
grandfath er l 'gr", nfa:o, (r )1
gra ndm a (inform al) I' g m:n m o:1
Words i n blue suggested f or the Higher level
grandmother l 'g m:nm Ao a(r)1
grandpa (informal) l' gr", npa:1
grandparents (1'1) I'gr",npe, r, nlsl
grann y (info rmat; I'gr"'nil
hal f b rother I'ha:f b"o, (r)1
h alf sister I'ha:f slsto(r)1
husband "hxzbond/
husband -to-be l ,h Azb;md tJ 'bi:1
in-la ws (pI ) I'mb "}
m other I' m AoJ(r )1
mot h er-in -la w l ' m Ao::>(r )m ,b :1
mum (A mE m om ) (informal) /m xm/
m ummy (info rmal) "mxmi/
neph ew /' nefju:1
niece Ini:sl
nuclea r fa m ily I,nj u:klid 'fern oli/
a n onl y c h il d /an .acnli 'tj arld/
parents (1") " pearants/
partner l 'pa:l n, (r )1
relative "relcuv /
sist er l 'slstJ(r)1
sister-in -la w l 's rstJ (r)m ,b :1
son ISAnl
so n-in-law l ' sAnm ,b :1
sp ou se (forma l) Ispaosl
st e pd a ugh t er "stcpdon cm/
st ep fa t her /' stepfa:o, (r)1
st epmother l'stepmAoo(r)1
st epson "ste psx n/
triplets I'ln pl, lsI
twi ns Itw mzJ
u n cle l 'AQk ll
wife Iw mfl
wife-to-be I,WaIft d'bi:1
Relationships
be m arried (to sb) Ib i 'me nd/
be e xp ecti n g (a chil d) Ibi
'rao/
ha ve a c h il d 1,It", v , 'tjatld/
make up (with sb) /merk 'Apl
marri ed co u p le 1,I11 ccn d 'kxpl/
(close I d istant) relation /rt'Ietjn/
relationship /rt'Ierj nj rp/
marry (sb) "me riz
(start a I have a I en d a)
relatio ns h ip (Wit h sb)
/rr'Ierj nj tp/
Family history
ancestors (pi) "amsestcz/
descendants (1'1) /dr'scndants/
fa m ily histo ry l ,fi.c m;)li 'hrs tri/
famil y tree l ,fa:mJ li 't ri:1
forebears (1'1) l'fo:be, 71
genealogist Id 3i:n i'a:IJd 3ISt/
genealogy Id3i:ni'",I,d3il
origi n s (p i) /' o n d3mzl
pas t /pc .st/
trace bac k /t rcrs 'be k/
Daily routine
babysit "berbisrt/
bring u p (ch ild ren) /bn n 'Al'l
brush (one's) teeth IbrAJ 'li:OI
(do mes tic I h o useh old ) chores
I IJo:zI
clean Ik li:nl
cle ar up Ik h, (r ) 'xp/
com m u te /ka'mj urt/
d o housework Id u: 'hao swa.k/
d o ". Idu:1
th e co oking 1<), 'k ok uj /
th e dusting 10;) 'd ASt ll)l
the ir oning l o i 'atanuj /
t h e shopping 10' 'JopIQI
t he w ashing 10, 'w nj uj/
the washing-up 10;) ,WOJII]'Apl
get d ressed Ig et 'drestl
get ready (for bed I schoo l) /qet
'r edi/
ge t up Iget 'Al'l
go .,. Ig, ol
to bed (ea riy I lat e) 110 'bed/
to sc hool It, 'sku:1I
to the o ffi ce It;) o i 'of ISI
to w ork ItJ 'wa.k/
go out /qao 'a o t/
have (A II/E take) a bath /ha v 0
tk's pektuj /
be p regna n t I bi 'preqnont/
be a rol e model Ibi J 'raol mod ll
be single Ibi 'snjq l/
break up (Wi th sb) /brerk 'Al'l
circle of frie nds I,S3:kl JV 'frend zl
fall out (wit h sb) Ifo:l 'aot!
generation gap /d geno'rerj n ,g a:pl
get divorced Iget dr'vo.st/
get engaged Igel m'qetdgd/
ge t m arried (to sb) Igel 'mrertd/
get o n w ell (with sb) Igel on 'well
go out (With sb) /qao 'aot/
h a ve a n a rgu men t / a
di sagreement I a row (Wit h sb)
l ,hOEV an 'u tqj uman t J drsa'qrirmant
run away (fro m h o me) IrAn a'wer/
se t an ex ampl e I,set ;ln tq'zn.m pl/
split up (Wit h sb) /spht 'Al'l
st a rt a famil y I,sto:t J 'frem cli/
'ba:SI
;;I
h a ve ... / htev/
a mea l IJ 'm i:1I
brea kfast "brekfcst/
lunch I IAntJI
tea It i:1
dinner l 'd mJ(r )1
su pper I'SA po(r )1
h ave (AII/E ta ke) a shower /he v 0
'Jao, (r)1
have a re st /htev o 'rest/
li e down /lar 'd a u nl
li e in / Ia t ' 101
look afte r (ch ildren ) Ilok 'o:fl, (r)1
(ma ke / prepare) meals I mi:lzI
(h ave a I take a) n ap /nrep/
provid e (for t he fam ily) /pra'va td/
put o n (clot hes) Ipot 'onl
ra ise (ch ildren) Irelzl
W ORD BANK
141
run t he home l,fAn 0;1 'h ae m/
set off I set 'ofl
sh a re the chores (wit h sb) I Je, I),
'tIo:zI
stay up late I,stel Ap 'len/
take (the ch ild ren to school /the
dog for a walk ) Itetk!
take ca re (o f ch ild ren) /terk 'ke, (r)1
take turns (to do housework) /t erk
'ta mz/
travel (to schoo l /to wo rk) "tra vl/
va cuum "ve kj uorn/
wake up /werk 'Apl
walk (to schoo l / to wo rk) Iwo:kl
Special days
anniversary /ee nt'v arsari/
hest m an /best 'ma-n/
birthda y ca ke "bs. udc r kerk/
bonfire I'bonfal, (r)1
Bonfire Night (BrE) "bnnfata na n/
b ouquet /b u'kcr/
bride /brard/
bridesmaid "brardzmerd/
ca n d le I' k",ndll
(Ch rist mas / birthday) ca rd Iko :dl
ce leb ra te (a b irt hday) "selabrett/
(h ave a) celeb ratio n /selo'brerj n/
cerem o n y "seramani/
christening "k rtsn uj /
Ch rist m as "krrsmas/
Ch rist m as Eve l,kns mJs ' i:vl
c h u rc h ItI 3:tI I
decorate (the Ch rist ma s t ree)
f'dekJrenl
dress up / dress up as Id res 'A P I
dres 'AP ~zl
Easte r l' i:sto(l)1
e n joy (o n eself) Im'd3Jr/
famil y gathering l,f",m, li 'g", l), rIQI
festival f' fesu vU
funeral f' fju:nJfJU
get-together I'gelt' gel), (r)1
(b ride) gro o m Igru :m/
Halloween /helco' im /
have a good time I, h a~ v d god
'ta irn/
have fun /h ev 'fA nl
honeymoon "hxn imu m/
light (a ca n d le / spa rklers / a
bonfire) /la It!
look forward to (st h) Ilok 'forwod
t, 1
m aid of honour I,meld JV ' on ~( r)1
Nati o n al Holida y /nrejnl 'hnlcdet/
New Year's Day I nj u: j taz 'del!
New Year's Eve Inj u: jraz 'i :vl
(give get) presents I'preznts/
registry office f' red3lstri ofIs!
sparklers "spotklaz/
Thanksgiving (A m E) 1'0"' QksglvlQI
wedding I' wed lQI
wedding reception "w ednj n .sepj n/
(b ride 's / bridegroom 's) witness
z'wnncs
142
WORD BANK
2 People and
society
Personal information
ag e leldy
citizen I'sltIz nl
citizenship "stttznj rp/
dat e of birth I ,delt , v 'b3:01
female ((ormal ) I'fi:merll
ge n der (fo rma l) I'd3cnd, (r)1
job Id30bl
occupation «(ormal ) / nkj a'pctj n/
male (t iJr/na/) /metl/
man / (pI) men limen 1 mcnl
nationality ImeJ' na:b til
people (PI) I' pi:pl/
person f' p3:snl
place of birth l,plelS ' v ' h3:01
profession /pra'fej n/
sex «(onnal) Iseks/
woman I (pi) women f' w O I11~ n I
'w tm m/
Marital status
divorced /d r'varst/
marital status " mrernl .stcttas/
married "me nd/
separated "separertrd/
single I'sll)gll
unmarried IAn'01 x n dl
widow "wtdao/
widower f' wld ~ u d ( r )1
Descril:!ing people
appearance
attractive /a'trtek t rv/
beautiful I'bju:t1W
good-looking I'godloklQI
elegant I'elog, nt!
handsome "he nsarrv
pretty I'prni/
scruffy I'skrAfil
ugly I'Agli/
unattractive IAnJ' trce ktlvl
age
adolescent /azd c'lesnt/
elderly "eldali/
in (h is / h er) early twenties 110
3:li 'twenttz/
in (h is / her) late forti es 110 lcn
'Ix uz/
in (h is / her) mid-thirties 110
m id 'OJ:nzl
middle-aged /rmdl 'erdgd/
young Ij AQI
height
average height l , rev~m d 3 'halt!
medium height /'rui.diam halt!
short II J:t!
tall Ito:l/
build
athletic l<eO'lelikl
chubby l 'tI Abil
c h u n k y tin fonnat) l 'tI AQk il
fat If", tl
fit Ifltl
have a good figure I ,ha:v a gud
'flg,(r)1
obese /a' bi rs/
overweight IJovJ 'wenl
(have a) paunch I pJ:ntII
plump / plam p/
sk in ny i inton nat, I'skmil
sli m Ishm!
stoc ky I'stoki!
thin 10101
we ll-b u ilt
"welbtlt/
hair
bald Ib oldl
blonde (A III E blond ) Iblondl
fair Ifc;'l(r)1
curly 1'k3:li l
dark Ido :kl
d yed /da td/
fin e /fa m/
ginge r I' d 3m d 3~( r )1
g rey Igrel I
fringe Ifrmdy
h ave a h aircut I,ha:v ;) 'hcokxt/
hi ghlights (PI) I'haJlansl
long ~ o Q I
m edium-length 1' l11 i : d i ~m. l e I) O!
natural I'nx tJrJl1
parting I' po:tll)l
red Iredl
plaits (1'1) Ipl"" SI
pony-tail "paonitetl/
short II J:ll
shoulder-length n , old', 1eQOI
spiky "sparki/
straight /strcn/
thick 10,k!
thin l OIn!
wavy I'welvi!
white Iwalt!
face
beard I'blod/
birthmark "ba.Bmo rk/
black / white bl ek I wan/
bush y eyeb ro ws l ,bo I i 'a tbraoz/
ch ee kbo nes I' tIi:kb, onzl
clea n -sh aven "klim.j ervn/
(clea r / good / h ealth y)
complexion /kam'plc kj n/
dark (skin / co m plex io n) Ido:kl
distinguishing features ((orlllal )
IdIS,liQgWIIIQ 'firtjaz/
facial features I'felII ,fi:tI'zI
fair (skin / co mplexio n ) Ife, (r )1
freckles I'freklzl
goatee IgJo 'ti:!
m oustache /mc'sturj/
(poi n te d / flat / snub) nose
In ~ u zl
p al e (skin / co m p lexio n) I pcJlI
sca r Isko :(r )1
side b urns "sardbainz/
tanned (skin / complexio n)
/ncnd/
tattoo It <e't u:1
wear glasses I sp ect acl es
Iwea
'q lu.s rz I 'spektaklz/
wrinkles
"rnj klz/
Words in blue suggested for the Higher level
Body
Descr ib ing personality
hod y parts
a rm j' o:ml
ha ck "brek/
adven t uro us /ad'ventjcras/
agg ressive /c'q rcstv/
a m h it io n /rcm'b tj n/
amhitious /zem'b tj cs/
amusing 1:'l'mj u:zll)/
a rro ga n t l' a: r~ Jn tl
bad-tempered I' boed ,lempodl
biased " ba rest/
boastful " baostfol/
boring l ' bJ:n l)l
hos sy (il/(orllla/ ) I' bosil
bra ve /b rcrv/
b rig h t /bnut/
broad-m inded /brord'm amdrd/
ca lm I ko:m!
candid I' k<endldl
carefree "keofrir/
ca re less I' k e~ I J sJ
c h a rac t e rist ics (pI) /krerrktc'r tstrks/
c ha rm in g I' tJo:m ll)/
c h a tterbo x (intormat; I' tJ'etoboksl
ch a tty I' tJ;et il
c h ee rfu l I' tJlofil
clever I' k levo(r )1
conceited /kon's imd/
c rue l "krural/
d ependable /dt'p endabl/
determined /dt't aimmd/
dishonest /drs'omst/
di sloyal /d rs'Iaral/
dull Id,,11
easy-goin g l i:zi'g;)o ll)l
eg oist (noun) l' eg Jo lstl
ex t rove rt /'c kstrcvan/
fair Ifeo(r)/
frank Ifr;eDkl
friendl y l'frendlil
fu n ny I' fAnil
ge n ero u s I' d 3e n ~r~s1
ge n tle /' d3entl/
good-natured Igod 'neltJodl
gullible I'g,\hbll
hard-working "hctdwaiknj/
h elpful I'helpfil
h onest l' onJstl
h ypocritical /h tpa'k rtt tkl/
idle «(0rl/ U1 1) I'ald\!
ill -mannered I' lIm..enod/
immature IIrnJ 'toJ( r)1
impartial IlIn 'pa :JII
impatient /tm'perj nt/
impolite /rmpa'lan/
in de pe n den t /mdt'pcndant/
insecure Imsl'kj o J(r)1
intelligent /m't ehdgant/
intolerant /m'tulo rant/
irresponsible /ms'pcnscbl/
irritable "trttabl/
judgemental Id ;).\d3'mentll
just Id j.\ st!
k in d Ik amdl
la zy I' lclzil
livel y "Ia tvli/
lo yal 1'101011
m ake an imp ressi on I,mclk :m
bottom /'botml
brea st I' brestl
ca lf I' ko :fl
c h ec k I' tJi:kl
c hest l ' tJestl
ch in I'tJml
ea r l ' I:>( r )!
elbo w "elboo/
ey e I'al!
eyeb row
I'albraol
ey e la sh l' ail;eJI
finger !'fIDgo(r)1
fing ern ail
1'f1 1)9:lnelll
fist !'f,stl
foot (1'1 feet ) !'fotl
fore hea d I' fo:bedl
h an d
/' h<endl
h ea d I' bedl
h eel I' hi:11
hip 1'1111'1
ja w l 'd30:1
knee I'ni:!
leg I'legl
lips (1'1) I'hps!
lower hack "lcoo 'b.ek/
midriff "nu d n f/
mouth j ' m a o OI
ne ck
I'nekl
nose
I ' n;m z)
palm (o f hand ) I'po:m!
shoulder I' Joo ldo(r )1
sk in I'sk m l
stomach I' slAITI;)kl
thigh /Oal/
throat 19r;lotl
t h u mb 10" m!
t oe It ;:lol
to n gu e / t AI)/
tooth (1'1 teeth)
tummy (i llfom w l)
trunk
Itr" Dkl
w ai st
/wclstl
I tu:OI
I'L\ mi/
wrist Ifl st!
in side the body
artery I' o :t:>r il
backhon e "bekbao n/
bone /bao n/
co lla rbo n e "k nlabaun/
flesh lOeJI
h eart Iho:t!
kidn ey "k rd ni/
liv er I' hv;)(r)!
lung 111\1)/
muscle l'm l\Sl!
nerve In3:v/
n er vous syst em I'n3:\';)$ srstam/
rib In bl
sho u lde r bl ade i'J ooldo bletd/
skeleton I'skelnnl
sku ll Isk " l/
spine /spatn/
tendon I' tend:m!
vein IvemJ
tm'prejn/
m ature I m ~ ' tj o :'l( r )1
m ean Im i:nl
Words in blue suggested for the High er level
m essy I' rncsil
modest " modrst/
narrow-minded z.mcrao 'mamd rd/
nast y I' no:st il
neat Ini:tl
nice 10:.1IsI
obedient /o'bkdiom/
o pe n I'J o pn!
outgoing
l' <l o tgJ UII)I
personality /parsan'a ilati/
pl easant I' plczntl
polite / pa'l a rt/
quiet I' kwa l:'lt/
rea sonable r' ri.znobl/
rebellious /rt'beljas/
rel a xed /n' hekst/
reli abl e /rr'larabl/
reserved /rt'zarvd/
re sp onsible /rt'sponsabl/
rude l ru :dl
ruthless I' ru:Ob sl
se lf-assu re d l ,selfo'Joodl
self-centred l,seIrsent:xJ1
self-co n fiden t l,seIr k onfldJ ntl
self-conscious l ,se lr konJJsl
selfish I'selflJI
se lfless "selflas/
se nse of hum our I,sens av
'hju:mo(r)1
sensible "sensabl/
sho rt -tempered IJo:t 'tempodl
shy /jat/
sociab le I' s, oJ, bll
strict Istn ktl
strong-willed /strmj'wrld/
stu bbo rn I' s t A b~ nl
sweet Isw i:tl
sympathetic /srmpa'Ueu k/
ta ctful " tre ktfl/
tactl ess I' t a; k t l ~sl
talkative I' t:>:kJu vl
te m pera men t "tempromant/
tidy I' tmdil
tolerant I' t o l ~ rJn tl
trait It renl
trustworth y l 'trAstw3:o i!
t wo-fac ed I' t u:felstl
unfri endly /'\ n 'frendlil
u n p leasa n t IAn 'pleznt/
unreasonahl e IA n ' r i : zn ~b l l
unreliable IAlln 'l<tIJ bll
un scrupulous IAn'skru :pj J IJsl
unselfish !An'selfIJI
va in Iveml
take aft e r (o ne's father I m o th er I
gran d father) /terk 'o:fto(r)1
Things you wear
accessories /ak' sescri.z/
a nk let I'reDklot!
anorak I '<cn:m ck!
b a g Ib ,egl
belt Ibeltl
bl ouse Iblaoz!
boots Ibu:tsl
bo xer sh o rt s (1'1) I' bokso Jo:ts!
bra Ib ro :!
b racelet I' b re l s l ~ tI
briefcase I' bri:fkelsl
W ORD BANK
143
butto n I'bAlnl
ca p I k,epl
ca rd iga n I' k a : d l g ~ nl
casua l (clot hes) 1'k<e3001l
c hange (clo t hes) I II emdy'
c hec ked (sh irt) /tj ekt/
(elega n t / sma rt ) clot hes (pi)
Iklooozl
coat / kau t/
collar I' k olo(r )1
corduroy I'L):dr.)1!
cotton I' kotnl
c uff Ik Afl
denim I'demml
dress Idrcsl
d ressi ng-gown "drcsnjquun/
fashio nable I'f<cI nobll
flat (shoes) m,et!
formal (clo t hes) I'fo:mll
get dress ed /qet 'dr est!
get u nd ressed Igct ...n'drestl
g lasses (PI) I'glu:slzI
g loves (1'1) Ig IAVzI
h an dbag (AmE pu rse) I 'h<cob<cgl
ha t /han/
hi gh h ee ls (1") /har 'hi:lzI
ja c ke t I'd3'ekltl
jeans (pi) Id3i:nzl
jew ellery l'd3uolril
jumper I' d 3 A m p ~ ( r )!
kil t IkI1 tl
kni cke rs (pi ) (AmE pi pan ties)
1'llIk;l7J
leather 1'lc() :J(r )1
lin en 1' 1111 1111
mack in to sh (informal ma ck)
I' nue k III t 0 JI
necklace I'neklJsl
n igh tdress (informal nightie)
" nund rcs/
o ut of fas h io n laut ov 'frejn/
outfit I'aotful
overcoat I';JUVJkJut!
pa nts (1'1) (AmE 1'1 under pants)
/pam ts/
patterned I' p,elondl
p lain /plcm/
pocket I' poklt!
polo -n eck (A mE tu rtleneck)
" pcol co nc k/
pullover I' p o l ~u v;)( r )/
pu rse Ip3:sI
p u t o n (clo thes) Ipo t 'on!
p y ja m a s (1'1) /pt'd gurmaz/
raincoat " rcmkoot/
sa nda ls (pi) "srendalz/
scarf Isko :fl
sh irt 1I 3:11
shoe II lI:1
shorts (1'1) II o:l sl
shrink II fl Dkl
silk ISllkl
size IS<'lIzJ
sle ev e Isli:vl
sleeveless "slitvlas/
slippers (pi) "shpcz/
smart casual (clothes) I,sma:t
' k,c30, 1I
sock Isokl
s po tted "spend/
144
WORD BA NK
stoc kings (1'1) "stukujz/
st riped (sh irt ) /st rarp t/
stripes (pi ) /stra tps/
sued e ISWCldl
su it I su:tl
swea te r I'swctJ(r)!
sweatshirt "swetj a.t/
swim m ing costume "swrmm
,kostju:mI
swim ming trunks (pI) I'swlmuj
,tr.. . IJ ksl
swimsuit "swtmsurt/
ta ke off (clo t hes) /terk 'of!
tartan I' to:tnl
tie Itall
tights (1'1) /tans'
tracksu it "tne ksun/
t ra in ers (1'1) (AmE pi snea kers)
/' rrcmoz/
t ro u sers (PI) (A mE 1'1 pant s)
I'traOZJ7J
T-sh irt I'ti:J3:11
umbrell a l .... m'brcla/
underwear l'.... ndoweotr )'
V-nec k I'vi:nckl
vest Ivestl
waistcoat (AmE vest) "werstkao t/
w ea r (sth ) Iwe, (r )1
wool Iwoll
woollen "wolan /
z ip (AmE zipper) IZl pl
back-to-front l , b a: k l ~ ' fr A n tl
inside-out 1,1I1saHJ'aotl
Fee li ng s and e mot ions
admire l~d ' m <'lI ;l( r }!
adore /;)'dJ:(r)1
a frai d (of) /o'Ircrd/
amazed /a'm erzd/
a n g ry (w ith sb) I' <C Dgr il
a nx io us I' <CDkI osl
aston is he d IJs'tomJtI
bad m o od /bied 'mu:dl
be a ttracted (to sb) Ibi a't rrekttd I
be e n t h us ias t ic (about sth) Ibi
mBj uczi'tesuk/
be fo n d of (sb) Ibi 'fond ,vl
be keen o n (sth) Ibi 'ki:n onl
bewildered /bi'wrldod/
bitter I' bll , (r )1
bored I bo:dl
ca lm do wn Iko:m 'daon!
ca n't stand Ika :nt 'sta nd/
d elighted /d r'lattrd/
depr essed /d t'p rest/
despise /d rs'p atz/
det est /d r'tcst/
di sappointed /d tsa'pomnd/
di slike /d rs'la tk/
emotio nal /r'm ao j nl/
excited /rk'samd/
exhau sted / rq'za.strd /
fall in lo ve (wit h ) l,f, :1 10 'IAVI
fe d lip (with st h) Ifcd 'Apl
fe el down jfi:1 'dao nl
frigh ten ed /Tran nd/
frustrated /fras't rertrd/
gloom y I'glu:mil
go od mood /qod 'mu:dl
ha p p y I' h,epil
hate /hcn/
hide o ne's emotio ns I,hald wa nz
r'moo jn z/
hostile I'host;.ull
idolise "ardolatz/
in sen sitive Im'SCnSJlIVI
like /lark/
loathe 11:>0 01
lonel y 1'1, 0 nlil
loo k down on (sb) Ilok 'dao n on!
look u p t o (sb) Ilo k 'AI' 101
lo se one's te m per 1,lu:z wa nz
'tem patr j/
lo ve I l.wl
mel an ch oli c /mclan'k uh k/
mind one's own bu si ness I,mamd
wxnz dun 'brzms/
m ise ra b le "mrzrcbl/
m ood y I' m u:d il
moved I mu:vdl
o n top of th e wo rld (iuformal) Ion
,top :'w OJ 'warld/
over th e mo o n (informal) 1,:w \'J OJ
'mu:n/
o ve rw he lme d /cu vc'wcl md/
re luctant /r t'Ia k tan t/
resp ect (verb) In'spcktl
respect (1101111 ) In 'spcktl
restless "rcstlos/
scared /skcod/
sensi tive " scn sonv/
senti me nta l /scn u' mcntl/
surprise d /sa'pra tzd/
te r rifi ed (of st h) "tcnfurd/
t h rilled (W it h sth) I O" ldl
tired "ta tcd/
touc hed I L\lI II
weary I'wlJril
wo rried I'wAndl
Countries
abroa d /a'b ro.d/
ana rc hy l'<enJkil
b ord er I'b, :do(rll
bo u nda ry "baundar i/
cit izen I'slt!znl
citizens hip I'sulznJlpl
cou nt ry I' k....ntril
dictator Idlk' tello(r)!
dictators h ip /d tk't ettajrp/
do mest ic /d a'm esttk/
em igrate "ermq ren/
ern tgrat lon /er m'qrerj n/
em p ire I'cmpaIJ(r)1
ex ile I'cksaJiI
fo reign /'forml
foreigner I'formJ(r)1
frontier I'frAntl;l(r)1
home co un try "haem kant ri/
homeland "hac mhend/
Immigration /trm'q rctj n/
immigrati on policy /mu'q rerj n
.p olosi/
independen ce /md r'pcnd ons/
independent /mdi'pcnd ant /
in d ige nous Im'dld3:lnJsl
inhabitant / m'h a-b rtan t/
internal I m't3:n:J1I
Words in blue suggested for the Higher level
King Ik IQ!
law 110:1
left-wing I' lef l wlQI
legislate l'Ied31SIeltl
legislation lled3ls'lclJnl
liberal "hbral/
lo cal ele ction 1,l, okl t'Iekjn/
local government !,I~ o k l
kingdom l 'k l l)d :Jml
lo cal l ' l, o k ll
monarchy "m nnaki/
nation "nerjn/
national I'n.rJn:J1I
national anthem l , mcJn ~ 1 'a:nO;)m!
national flag l,n<eJn:Jl 'fl .rgl
nationalit y /nrej a'nrelati/
overpopulated /ac va'p npolerud/
o ve rpo p u lat io n 1,;w v:lpopjo 'lcIJnl
political asylum /pa.l tt rk l a' satlam/
(den sely / heavily / spa rsely /
thickl y) p opulated "popjolemd/
population /pnpj o'I ctj n/
province " provms/
refugee /rcfju'dgir/
region l ' r i:d3;)nl
regional I' ri : d 3~ n l!
republic
'qxvon mom/
Mayor I' m cI;){r )1
minist er I' mmlstd(r)1
Ministry (of Defence / Finan ce /
Foreign Affairs / Hom e Affairs)
"mnus tri/
MP tBrl: Member of Parliam ent)
lem'pi:1
opposition /opa'z tj n/
party m ember I' pa:ti .mcmbatrl/
policy (on st h ) I'polosil
political leader /pc'hn kl ,li:d:>(r)1
political party /pa'Irukl ,po:til
political system / pa'h trk l .srstam/
politician /p nla't rj n/
politics r'potenks/
President /' prezrdont/
Prime Minist er (PM) I,pralm
/rr'pebhk/
ro yal famil y I D I:J1 'fieml i/
ro yalty "roralti/
state Isteul
th e p eople 10' 'pi:pll
Politics
act (of pa rlia me n t) /rekt/
ambassador l.rm ' b ;c s~ ~( r )1
activist I'C:CktlVIstl
agitator l' a:d 3 I t e u ~( r )1
anarchist I \c n ~ kis tl
hill (o f parli am ent) / b rl/
cabinet minister "k.e bma t
,mll1 lst:,)(I')1
c h a m be r (o f pa rliame n t)
I' IJcnnb,( r)1
city co u n ci l I ,sn i 'ka u nscl/
city h all /.sni 'hJ:1!
civil servant 1,51\"1 'ss.vont/
com m u n ist " komj omst/
Co ng ress I'kol)gresl
Co n g ressm a n / Co n g ressw o m a n
(USA ) " konqrcsman I
'krebma t/
sitting I'slu l)1
socialist I' s ;)uJ~ h st!
Speaker (of the Parliam ent)
I'spi:b (r)!
takeover l ' tel b o v;)(r )1
term I t3:1111
the Ca b in et 10' 'kiebmat/
the intelligence service l o i
m't ehd j ons ,53:VISI
the secret service 10 :J .sbkrct 'S3:VISI
town councillor Itaon 'k ao nsJIJ( r)/
vote IVJo tl
/ k cn's arvouv/
constituency /kan's nt uonsi/
co n stit ut io n /ko nst t'tj urj n/
d ebate /dt'ben/
democracy /d t'ru nkrasi/
democrat "de rna krret/
d emocratic /derne'k ne uk/
demonstrate "demanstrc tt/
demonstration (info rm al de mo)
/dcman's trcrj n/
diplomat "dtplarruet/
elec tio n /i'lekJnI
e m b assy "embosi/
general el ection l , d 3c nr~ 1 t'Iek jn/
go ve r n I'gA,,;)n!
government (A mE ad ministra tio n)
Economy
bank account "benk akaon t/
black m arket I ,bl:<k 'murkn/
budget I' bAd31t1
business "brzrus/
change ItJell1dy
co in I k .J1Il1
co m m erce "koma.s/
crash !kneJ!
currency l' kAr;)nsil
debt /dct/
devaluation (of currency)
l ' g A v~ n m ;) n tl
head of state I ,hed ;)v 'stctt/
House of Commons (U K) I,ha us ;)v
'k 0J11Jn7J
I,haos ov
'Io:dzl
House of Representatives (USA)
l,h,IOS ;)V reprt'zentatrvz/
introduce a law l,mtr;Kjj u:s ;) 'Io: I
Word s In blue suggested fo r the Higher
/ekc'n onuk/
(grow ing I decl in ing) econom y
/r'k nnami/
exchange rate !Ik'stJemd3 rcn /
finance I'fam;cnsl
free-market ec o n o my l ,fri: murktt
r'knnam i/
fund IfAndl
gross national product (G NP )
l,grJos mejonl 'p r rxl.vkt/
income "mkxm/
industry /'md astri /
inflation /m'flct j n/
invest /tn'vest/
investment /m'vcstmant/
market I 'mo :k ltl
(ba n k)n o te In, 0I1
payment "per mont/
rate of inflation I, ren J V m'flc tjn/
rec ession /rt'sej n/
sa ve Isclvl
spend /spend/
tax / treks/
trade deficit "trcrd defrsn /
workforcc I' w 3:k fJ :sl
'mtrustal r j/
Qu een I k w i:nl
radical "rted rkl/
referendum /refa'rendom/
reform In 'form/
Representative (USA ) /re prt'zcntat tv/
republican /n'pebh ku/
resign In 'zaml
resignation /rezrq'n erj n/
nght -wlng "ranwnj/
rule (wrb) !ru :11
secretary (o f sta te) "sek rcrri/
Senate (USA) I'sen, tI
Senator (USA) I'sen, I>(r)1
(i n ) session I'seJn!
Shadow Ca h in et (UKj 1.J:cd, o
'kmjq reswo man/
Co n se rvati ve (BrE also Tory)
House of Lords (UK)
economic (gro wt h I decline)
/d irva -lj u'etj n/
level
3 Sh~ps and
services
Food
meat
bacon
beef
"berkn/
!bi:fl
c h icke n I'tJlklnl
co ld cu ts " kcold kat s/
game Igcmtf
gammon I'g;cmdl1l
ham Ib'em/
lamb Ihc ml
(fatly / lea n) m eat Imi:tI
meatball "mi.tbx l/
mince (m inced meat ) /m ms/
mutton l' mAtnl
pork !po:kl
poultry "pao ltri/
red meat I' red mi. t/
salami /sa'kn mi/
sausage I'sosld:y'
(well do ne / med iu m / rare) steak
/stctk/
turkey I'IJ:kil
veal I vi:1I
venison I'venlsnl
white m eat "wan mi :tl
fish
ca rp Ik o:pl
catfish I'k<c lflJI
cod
I k odl
fillet I'fIinl
fish and c h ips l,flJ end 'tjrps/
haddock "h tedak/
herri ng "hcrnj/
lobster l 'lobst, (r)!
mackerel I'm.ckr;)l!
mussels (pi) "mx slz/
oyster /';:)(st;1(r)1
WO RD BANK
14S
pike /pa tk
perch I P3:tII
p rawn I prJ:nl
salmon I' sa~ m ~ n/
sardine Iso:'di:n/
seafood I'si:ru:dl
scampi I' sk,c mp il
shellfish !'Jcl f lI I
trout
tun a
banana /ba'n u ma/
blackherry I' bkekb:>ri/
blueberry I'blu:boril
(sweet / so ur) cherry "tjeri/
co co n u t I' b o b ni\t/
(b lac k / red ) currant I' k.\IOnll
g ooseberry I'go zbJril
grape /q rctp/
Itrao t!
grapefruit "q rctpfrurt/
kiwi I' ki:wi:/
lemon I' lcm:>n!
I' tj u : n ~1
dairy product s
butter
lime
I' b,\ t ~( r )/
(ma t ure / mild ) c heese III i:z!
c heese s p read ItJi:z 'spredl
co ttage c heese I' koud3 ,tIi:z!
cream Ikri:m1
c re a m c heese I' kr i:m lIi:zJ
grat ed c heese I'grcltlJ tJi:zJ
ice c rea m 1',115 kri: m/
marg arin e
Ima :d3;l'ri:n/
(fu ll / se m i-skim m ed / skim me d)
milk /m tlk/
milksh ake "rrulkjer k/
yo g u rt I'j og ~ t/
bread
(wh ite / brown / wholemea l / rye)
bread Ih rcdl
c ro issa n t " krwa.so/
loaf (1'1 loaves) o f bread /lao f' av
'bred/
roll I r ~ o l!
pasta l'pa:stJ/
pitta bread "pua bredl
sli ced (b read / Ioaf) /sla rst/
toast /toost/
sweet food
birthday ca ke I' b3:0deI kerk/
biscuits (A mE cookies) "brsku s/
brown ie I' brao nil
ca ke /kcrk/
c heesec a ke I' tIi:zkeIkl
(sin gle / double / whi pping)
c rea m I kri:mI
(a pple) c ru m b le "krxrnbl/
dessert (RrE pudding ) /d t'zart/
ice c re a m /' ;:115 kri:m/
min cem eat (BrE )
I' mmsmi:tJ
(apple) pi e Ipat!
whipped crea m I,Wlp l 'kri:m1
have a swee t tooth z.hrev a swi:t
'lu:OI
things add ed to food
h erbs (1'1) /ha.bz/
ketchup I' ketI Apl
mayonnaise
mustard
oil
/mera'n erz/
I' m i\st:xil
1:)11/
paprika /pc'p rkko/
parsle y I' po:slil
(black) p epper I'pepo(r)1
salad dressing "selod dresm/
salt ISDItI
spices (1'1) "spa tsrz/
sugar I ' J o g ~( r )1
tomato sauce /ta.m uttoo 'secs/
vinegar
l 'vlll lg:>( r )/
fruits
apple I' « pll
apricot I'clpn kotl
146
WO RD BANK
/la rm/
mango
I'miCl)gJu!
melon z'meton/
o ra n ge I' ormdy
pea ch I pi:III
pear l peo(r)1
pineapple I'pa ma:pll
plum IplAml
raspberry I'ro:zb;lril
strawberry I'str;,:bJ ril
watermelon I' \\'o : t ;lm e l ~n/
vegetables
asparagu s /:Js' piC r~ Js/
auhergine (A mE eggpla nt )
I' JOb3:3i:nl
avocado
!<cV:'l'ku:dJol
(green) beans (1'1 ) /bimz/
broccoli
cabbage
"brnkcli/
I'k« bid:)!
carrot
l' k,Cf:lt/
cauliflower l'knIIOa uJ(r)/
celery "s elori/
co u rgett e (A wE zucch in i)
I b :'3et!
cucumber "kj urkx mbat r j/
garlic I'gu:hkl
leek Ili:kl
lettuce "lens/
mushroom I' mAJroml
onion 1',\ njJ nl
parsnip I'po:smpl
pepper I'pepo(r)1
potato I p~ ' I C U ~ ol
radish l' " edIII
rice /ralsl
sweetcorn "swbtkccn/
tomato I t d ' m o : l ~ ol
turnip I' t3:mpl
Qua nt it ies
bag (of flour) Ib<egl
bottle (of jui ce / m ilk) "bctl/
box (of choco lates) Iboksl
can (of lem onade / co la) Ik« ol
carrier bag " ke n o , b;:(~ g l
carton (of juice / milk) I' ko:lnl
jar (of jam / honey) Id30 :(r )1
loaf of bread J.I~of av 'bredl
packet (of biscuits / crisps / cerea l)
I' p<ekIlI
tin of (sa rd ines) 1,1In »vt
tub of (margarin e) l ,lAb ovt
(3) kilos (of potatoes) I' ki:l, oz!
(200) grams (of cheese) /qnemz/
(h alf a) litre (of milk) 1'li:l o(r)1
Meals
be full I bi 'foil
be hungry Ib i ' h A IJ ~J r i l
clear th e table I ,klra 00 'tctbl/
course I k;:>:sl
ea t out li:t 'a ut/
helping I' h e l p l ~1
la y the table 1,Iel 00 'terbl/
meal Imi:l/
packed lunch / pie kt 'IAotII
picnic "prkruk/
sn ac k Ismc k!
tea Iti:1
working lunch IW3:k ll) 'IA01JI
Restaurants
t ypcs of rest aurants
buffet ca r "bufc: ko:(r)1
canteen / kren' ti .n/
cafe I' k:cfc ll
cafeteria /ktefa't raria/
fast food restaurant l ,fo:Sl 'fu:d
rcstrn nt/
pub IpAbl
self-service restaurant
/sclf' saivrs
.restront/
snack bar I' sn:c k hu:(r)/
take-away "tcrkcwe r/
in a restaurant
beverage (fc>r1llaf) " bcvcn dy
bill IbIlI
hook a table (A m£ reserve a table
/ ma ke a reser vati on ) I,bo k
'tetbl/
m ain co u rse I,me m 'kccs/
menu I' menj u:1
J
order (st h)
1'0:do(r )1
/self'sa.vrs/
I' S3:VISI
self-service
service
service chargc 1'53: \, 15 IJo:uy!
sta rte r I' slo:t:J(r)1
table service I' telbl S3:VlsI
tip (fo rmal 1'1 gratuities) IIIpl
waiter I' we u ~( r )/
waitress I' wCItfJsI
win e list I' wa m h 511
Shopping
types o f sh o ps
baker's " berkoz/
booksh op I' bokIopl
butcher's "botjoz/
chain sto re l 'tJcm 5tJ :(r )1
c h e m ist's "kenusts/
clothes s ho p I' klooOz Iopl
d eli catessen (infurma l d eli )
/dehka't csn/
department st ore /d t'portrnant
Slo:(r)1
designer shop IUI'ZaIllJ(r ) Jnp l
DIY store Idi: (1 1 'war st;,:(r)/
fishmonger's I' fIJ01AIJ9 J7)
furniture shop l' f3:l1I tJ:I Jopl
greengrocer's 'qrimqraosaz/
grocer's "qraosaz/
market I' mo :kul
n ewsagent's I' nj u:zc1d3:Jntsl
off-licc nce "nf'larsons/
Wor ds in blue sugges te d fo r the Higher level
shoe sh o p
l'J u: Jopl
sta ti o ne r's
"sterjanaz/
supermarket
cas h m achine I' kreJ mJ,Ji:n/
c h eq ue book I'tJek bokl
current account " kxront a.kau nt/
c red it ca rd h older "kredrt ka:d
,hooldo(r)1
d ebit card "debit ka:dl
"su.pcmc.k u/
go ing sh opping
bargain I'ba:gml
broken
browse
"brcok nz
/brauzJ
bu y in t he sa le I,ba l
grant (a loan)
III
cb
'sed/
in surance
/g ra :ntl
Im'JOJfJns!
cash I ka:JI
ch ang in g room I' tJemd311] ru:ml
c h ec ko u t "tjekaot/
insured
c us to mer I'kAstJ rna(r)!
d iscou n t "drskao nt/
excha nge (st h for st h)
/ rks't j cmdg/
investment portfolio
fit (verb)
I flu
fitt i ng ro om t full) ru:m/
free (of cha rge) I fri:1
ge t m oney back I,get mxni 'btek/
I,get J 'ri:fA ndl
go shop p ing /qoo 'Jopl!)1
h a ve (st h ) in stock I,hrev In
get a re fun d
'stok/
Im 'Jo;xl/
invest (in stock / shares / bo nds)
px t'Icoh oc /
It w nl
I'nlA ni tn.cnsf3:(r )!
mortgage i' mo:gldy'
pa y interest / per 'mtrost/
payoff (de bt / a loan) / per 'ofl
(ins ura nce) premium "prkmiam/
savings account I'SCIVII)Z a.kao nt/
stockbroker "stukbraokatr j/
stock market investor I,stnk mcr ku
m oney tran sfer
lo ok fo r (st h) l 'lok fo(r) 1
ma tch Irnre tJI
withdraw m oney
out of stock /ao t J\' 'stok/
pa y (cash / by credit card / by
cheque) I pcII
re d uced /rt'dj uist/
retu rn (goo ds to t he sh o p)
4 Home
"[ op o.srstont/
size (I'm a size 12 . / It's t he righ t
size.) Isarz./
special offer l.speJI 'of* )1
su it (verb) Isu:u
su pe rm a rke t t roll ey
/ ,su:pamo:klt 'troli/
t ill It IlI
too (sma ll / tigh t / loose) Itu:1
t ry o n (clo t hes) /trar 'on!
wor k
/tnvestmam
m'vestatrj/
/ rt't ain/
sa le Iscil/
s ho p ass is ta n t
fW3:k/
Advertising
a dvertise
I'<edvatalzl
a d ve rt(isem e nt) (in formal ad)
l' :.e d v3:tl
billboard I' bllbo:dl
brochu re I'brooJo(r)1
(advertising / ma rketing) ca m paign
/ ktem'pem/
(rad io / TV) co m m e rci al Ib 'm3:JII
hoarding I' h::>:dIIJI
leaflet I'li:notl
m arket research I,mo:kn rt'sanj/
place / put a n advertisem en t (in a
ma gazin e / a n ewspaper) /plers I
.po t an od'v a.usmon t/
p os te r I' pousto(r)1
publicity Ip., b' lIsotil
slogan 1', Iougonl
l,wl() d rJ: 'mxni /
Types of housing
bedsitter (illformal bed sit)
IbedSI to(r)1
bl ock of flats (A mE apa rtme nt
block) I,blok av 'fhets/
bungalow I' bAQgolool
co tt age I' kolIdy'
d et ached h ouse /d r.tan j t 'haosl
far m h o u se I' fa :mhaosl
flat (A mE apa rt men t) lIla:tl
penthouse
I' pcntha usl
sem i-d etached house (AmE d up lex)
/serrud t.ttet] t 'hausl
s kysc ra per I' s k a l s kre l p~( r )1
terraced h ouse (A mE town h ou se)
l,ler;}Sl 'ha o s!
tower block
"taoa blokl
Size an d condit ion
c ra m p ed / k ne m p t/
(fu lly) eq u ip pe d /r'kwrpt/
(fu lly) furnished 1'fJ:n1Jl!
in (good / bad) co n d ition IIn
kon'drjn/
part-furni sh ed
I' pa:tf3:n1Ju
roomy I' ru:mil
run -down /ran'd au n/
spacious I'SpCISJS!
tin y /' ta mi/
un furnished I An'[3:0I1tl
w ell maintai ned /wet mcm'temd/
with all modern conveniences
(informal mod cons) /WIO ,.:>:1
m od o kan'vimran srz/
Banking and insurance
Location
(ba n k) accou n t /a'k aunt/
account holder /o'kaont ,houldo(r)/
app ly (fo r a loa n) /a'plat/
ATM (Au tomatic Teller Machine)
ca p ita l (city)
"kscput/
city I' sltil
cou n trys id e
" kxntrisaid/
lel ti: 'em/
Wo rds in blue suggested for the Higher level
"kau nti/
"drstrtkt/
farmland /fcrmkend/
hamlet I'ha:mlou
h om e town
/hao m 'tac n/
industrial zo n e /m'd xstrial zao n/
inhabitant / tn'htebn cnt/
in th e cou n t ry (nex t-door)
n eighbour I ,m 0;;1 'kxm ri 'nclb;}{r )!
neighbourhood " ncrbohodr
o ld town
fm'vest!
loan
co u n ty
d is t ri ct
(t he) cou n t ry
I'kAntril
I'J uld taunl
l' au tsk3:tS!
provincial /pra'v mjl/
o u ts kirts
remote /n'm aot/
(h o lid ay) resort / rt'z an/
rural I' ro ~ r;) 11
slums (PI) IsIAmzl
su b urbs (pi) I'SA b3:bzl
town Itao n!
u rba n 1'3:b;ml
vi llage I'vllIdy'
In t he h o u se
attic I' reukl
b alcon y "brelkani/
basem ent I' bclsm:lntJ
cella r I'sel* )'
ch im ney I' tJmm il
dow ns ta irs /dao n 'steoz/
drain pipe "dretn parp/
drive /d ra rv/
fence /fensl
floor Ino:(r)/
flo we rbe d "flaoobcd/
ga rag e I'grero:y'
(fron t / bac k) garden I' ga:dnl
ga te Igelu
lawn Ibm/
letter box "le ta boksl
loft 110ft!
ro o f Iru:fl
stai rca se "sreokc rs/
sta irs /s t e~zJ
upst a irs I h p' stC;)z}
w all I\\'~: II
(fro n t / back) ya rd (A ll/E) Ij a:dl
equipment / decoration
blind Iblamdl
ca rpe t I' ka :plu
ce ili ng I'si:hlJl
cen t ra l heati ng r.sem rol 'hirun/
cu rt a in I' k3:tn!
flo or lno :(r)1
lamp /le mp/
light bulb "lan balb/
net cu rt a in I ,net 'kann /
radiator I' re l d l e l t ~( r )/
wi n dow sill I' wlOdJO sIll
bathro om
ba th (tu b) I ba:81
laundry basket I' b :nd ri bc isk rt/
mirror / 'mlr;"l(r)1
plughole l' plAghooll
ra zo r
I' rclz:l(r)!
(elect ric) shave r I'Jelvo(r)1
soa p /saop/
sha m p oo IJ,em'pu:/
WORD BANK
147
shaver po in t I ' Je l v~ pomt /
shower I'Jao, (r)1
sponge Isp!lnd31
tap Ita:pl
tiles (1'1) /ta tlz/
toilet I' I J I1 ~ {1
toothbrush I' luObr!lJI
towel rail I'taol rerl/
wash basin " woj bcrsn/
bedroom
bed Ibedl
bed sid e table /.bcd surd 'tetbl/
b la n ket I' bl.cQk'l!
bookshel f I'bo k Jelfl
c h a ir ItJe, (r)1
c hest of dra wers 1,lJesl ~v 'd rorz/
dressing table "dresnj terb l/
du vet "d urver/
lamp /leemp/
pillo w I'pIl, ol
ru g I r!lgl
s heet IJi:l!
wardro b e 1'v.'J:d r;Jo bl
sitt ing- roo m / liv in g-ro om
arm chair l' o :mtJe;J(r )1
bookcase "bokkcrs/
CD / DVD pl a yer Isi: 'di: I di: vi:
'di: plel,( r)1
c h a ir ItJe, (r)1
co ffe e tabl e I'kofi tetbl/
cush io n
l' koJnl
fireplace "fatoplcrs/
furniture 1'f3:nltJd(r)1
rug !r!ly l
settee Isc' l i:1
sofa (A IIIE co uc h) "saofa/
stere o "stcna o/
tel evision se t l ' t el ~w l 30 set!
V CR (Vi deo cassette recorder)
Ivi: si: 'u:(r)!
wallpaper I'w, :lpelpo(r )1
kitchen
coo ke r I' ko ko(r)1
c u p bo a rd " kebcd/
dishwa sher I'dIJwoJ, (r)1
drain in g b oa rd /' d remuJ b::>:dl
fr eezer I' fr i : z~ r )1
frid ge Ifn dy'
kitch en table /krtj m 'tetbl/
m ic rowave (oven) "rnark rawcrv /
o ve n I',w nl
refrigerator In 'fn d3.1relt.1(r)1
r u n n ing wa te r 1,T.\ OIIJ 'w::>:t;:l(r)1
sin k ISIQkl
washing m a chine I'WOJII)
ma.j im/
hall
back d oor /brek 'd, :(r)1
coat hook "knot ho kl
doorbell I'd, :bel!
doormat I'd:'l:ma:tl
front door /frxnt 'd:'l: (r )1
Looking after a house
hroom Ibru:ml
change a Iighthulh
l,tJcmd3 a
'Iau bxlb/
decorate I'dckoreltl
DIY (do-it-yourself)
148
WORD BAN K
/dir a r 'wall
do housework Id u: 'haos wark/
do up (a h ou se, roo m ) (informa l)
Id u: 'Apl
dustpan I'd!lsp<enl
fi x / frks/
install I m 'st:'l:11
leak Ili:kl
maintenan ce " mem tancns/
mend Imcndl
m op (t he fl oor) /mop/
pain t / pe rnt/
put (st h) in /pu t '101
redecorate / rir'd ekarert/
repair In ' peo(r )1
tile (verb) / ta rl/
va c uu m cl ean er "va-kj uam kli:n.1( r)1
Leaving and returning to
your house
(be) at hom e I' t 'boo m/
be in Ibi 'ml
co m m ute (to wo rk, school)
/ ka'rn j un/
feci homesick Ili:l 'hco ms rk/
get home Igct 'haom/
go hom e Ig;)o 'hoo m/
go out Ig;)() 'ao tl
lock (up) Ilokl
move house /m u: v 'haos/
move in Imu:v 'm/
move out Imu:v 'ao tl
stay in /stc: '1111
Renting and buying' selling a
home
a ccommodation /ak nma'd etj n/
(elec t ricity ' gas ' telephone ' uti lity)
bill /btl/
co u n ci l tax (U K) I' kao nsl trek s/
d eposit /d r'p ozu/
esta te agent (A mE rea lto r) /t's tert
e l d3~ntl
flatm at e (A mE roomma te )
"fl.etmen/
for sa le I f, 'setl/
furni shed I'f3:mJtl
inclusi ve / m'k lutstv/
interest rate "mtrost ren /
landlad y "ke ndlerdi/
landlord I'hond b :dl
let (a fla t ' a h ouse) (A mE ren t o ut)
I lel!
lodger I' lod30(r )1
lodgings I'Iod31QV
pay the rent l,pCI O~ 'rent!
p.c.m . (pe r ca len dar m onth ) I pi: si:
'em l
p.m . (pe r m o n th ) I pi: 'eml
p .w . (pe r wee k) Ipi: 'dxbl ju :1
property (AmE rea l estate) "prnpati/
rent I rentl
share (a room , flat ) IJe, (r)1
show (sb) round th e house 1.J;m
rau nd O:l 'hues /
sign (a lease / a co n t rac t) Isa ml
take out a mortgage I ,terk au t a
'm, :gldy'
tenant "tenant/
to let (A mE 10 ren t ) /tu 'let /
unfurnished IAn'f3:IlIJtl
viewing I' vj u:IIJI
5 Nature
Weather
general impression
awful /,, :01
bad /b a-d /
beautiful I'bju:lJfII
blue Iblu:J
b oiling (inforlllal) l ' b, i1 ' QI
ch illy I' IJilil
cl ear sky /khc 'ska J!
close I k l;lUs!
cloud y I'kla odil
co ld /k oc ld/
drought Id rao tl
dry spell I'd ra l spe l/
dull Id AII
fine Ifaml
fog If ogl
foggy I' fogil
go rg eous l'g;,:d3:>sl
heat Ihi:tl
heatwave I'hi:twclvl
horrible "horcbl/
hot Ihotl
humid "hju .mrd/
humidity /hj ur'nud ati/
lovely I'Lw lil
mist / nus t/
misty J'01 lstil
nice Ina[sl
overcast " co vcko .st/
scorching I'sk;,:tJIIJI
s u n ny l'sAnil
t errible I'ten bll
warm IWJ:m1
rain y / wet
b e so a ke d /bi 'scu kt/
d e w Idj u:1
dri zzle I'd nzl!
flood m Adl
hail Ihclll
h ailst one " hcilstoo n/
lightning I' la' ImQI
puddle I'r Ad11
p our down I' p;,: da o nl
(heavy ' ligh t) ra in Ireml
raindrop J'rcmd ro pl
ra in fa ll I' remb :1!
rain y I' rcmil
showe r /'fam (r)1
sh o we ry "[aoori/
soaking w et l , s~ o k I IJ 'wctl
sto rm /sto.m/
thund er I' OAndo(r)1
wet Iwetl
windy
blow /bloo/
breeze /bri.z'
gale Igcill
gale force wind /qcrl fc.s 'wind/
hurricane J'h!lflknl
still IsIIlI
tornado /tor'nerdao/
Wo rds in blue suggeste d for the Higher level
wind y I 'wmd il
snowy
aval an che l' a: v ~ l o : n t fl
blizzard z'bhzed /
freez e If r i:zJ
fr eezing I'fri:zll)l
fr eezing co ld (informa l) Ifri:zlI]
'kao ld/
fr ost I f rostl
fros ty I'frostil
ice l alsl
icy "arsi/
m elt I meltl
sleet Isli:t1
slipp ery I' s h p ~ r il
thaw 100:1
weather fo recast
above ze ro IJ,b,\V 'zroreo /
bel o w zero Ibl,IJO 'zrarau/
cha ngea b le I'tJcmd3Zlbll
cl ear up Ikilo(r) "' pi
d egrees (Ce n t igrade = Ce lsius /
Fa h ren he it) Id l'gri:zI
(wa rm / co ld weat her) front
I fr" nll
meteorol ogy I m i : t I J ' ro l ~ 3il
m eteo rologist I m i : t1 ~ ' ro l ;)d 3 I s tl
pres sure I'pccJJ(r)/
temperature l ' t e m p r~ l fJ( r )1
thermom eter 1O;,!'mOl11JtJ(r)1
unsett led IAn'sctldl
weather forecas t I' weo;) fa: k a :stl
weather map I 'wcb;) nuep/ '
weather re port I'weoJ rt.pon /
c li ma te
a ut u m n (A m E fa ll) I' ;): l ;)ml
climate "k larrnat/
h arsh (clim ate) I ha:JI
h ot /hnt/
w arm /wonn/
cold /kaold/
cool Ik u:11
d ry /d ra t/
wet IwetJ
Ind ian su m mer Ilmdi;)n ' sAI11;)(r )1
mil d / matld/
m oderat e c li mate /modorat
'kla rmat/
season I'si:znl
s p ring Ispn I]1
su m mer /' s,\m;)( r)1
winter I' w m t ~( r )1
Plants
b ra nch /bru.nt]?
bush I buJI
fertiliser I' f3:tJi,lIZ;)(r)/
fl ower I' Oa o;)(r)/
fruit I fru :tl
fu n g us (pI fungi) I' f" qgosl
garden I'yo:d nl
grass Ig ro :sl
greenhouse I'gri:nhaosl
grow plants I g r;)o 'pla:ntsl
lea f (p i iea ves) Ili:fl
moss Imosl
pesticide "pcsttsatd/
petal I' peti!
pot plant 1'1'01 1'10:1111
Words in blue suggested f or t he Higher leve l
prune (verb) I pr u:nl
root I r u :tl
seed Isi:dl
so il IS;)III
sow I s;)ol
stem Isteml
thorn 10;):nl
tree It ri:1
trun k I t r.... l)k l
vegeta b le I'ved3lobi!
w a te r (t he plant s) (verb) I'wo:lo(r)1
weed Iw i :dl
weed k iller I'wi:d kllo(r)1
wildlife I' wa lldlalfl
Animals
bird /ba.d/
breed Ibri:dl
carnivore I' ka:mvJ:(r)1
d omestic animal /d o.mcsuk
'en nns l/
ex ti nct / tk's tnj k t/
extinction !Ik'stIl) kfnl
farm animal I' fo:m en rmol/
feed 011 /' fi:d Dill
fish !fI JI
herbivore I' h3:bIV.J:(r)1
h erd I h3:dl
insect I'mscktl
mammal
I' nla.~ m ll
predator "predatatrl/
prey /prer/
repti le I'repta lil
species (sillg ll lar) l'spi:Ji:zI
Pets
bark (verb) Iba:kl
bat Ib'etl
bowl I boo ll
cage Ikeld:;!
ca na ry /ko'n eori/
ca t flap I'ka:1 n,epl
claw Ikb :/
coat I k;)ot!
collar I'kolo(r )1
(ca t / dog / fish ) foo d I f u:dl
fur I f3:(r )1
gold fis h I'gooldflJI
guinea pig I'gmi plgl
hamst er I' h,emsl , (r )1
h o u se-tra ined I'haostremdl
keep (a pet ) I k i:pl
kennel I' kenll
kitt en I' knnl
lead Il i:dl
leash l li :JI
look a fte r Ilo k 'a:ft o( r )1
muzzle I' m.\ zll
paw I po:1
pedigree I' ped ly r i:1
pet shop "pet Jopl
puppy I' PApil
purr Ip:,=(r )1
rabbit " nc bn/
rat I r<e tl
sn a ke /snerk/
stroke (verb) /stroo k/
turtle 1'13:111
ve t (veteri nary su rgeon) Ivetl
wag (a tail) Iw a~ gl
whin e Iwaml
Environment
environmental d am a ge
acid rain !<csld 'rem/
(bus h / forest) fire I'fal, (r)1
become ex ti nct /br.kxm rk'sunk t/
burn rubbish l ,b3:n 'fA blJI
car ex ha us t fum es I ,k o :( r )
19'Z;):st fju:m zJ
carbo n di o xide I,ko:bn
dar' oksard /
deforest ati on I'di:fon s,tclf nl
d estro y /d r'stror/
di e o u t /dar 'aut/
d rought Id rau tl
ea r t h q ua ke 1'3:0kwelkl
eco-frie n d ly /itkoo'frend li/
envlro n men ta lly fri endl y
/mva tran.mentali 'frendlil
flood m Adl
gl obal warming I,gloo bl
'wu rm nj /
greenhouse e ffec t I'g ri:nhaos
r.fekt /
holes in t he ozone laye r /ji co lz
m oi 'ao zoo n IC I;'!(r)1
landfill "Len dfrl/
lead lli:dl
leak I ldl
natural di saster I,n,ctf rol
d i'zo.statr j/
natural h abitat l,na:tf rJI
'hiebrttet/
oil spill 1'011 spill
ozo ne hol e " oozao n haul/
pesticides "pcsusardz/
p olluted /pc'luud/
pollution /pa'lurjn/
sm og / sm eq/
gree n living
alternati ve (so u rces of energy)
!J: I' t3 : n ~ l l vl
bi odegrad abl e /barood t'q rerdabl/
d isposa b le /d rs'p aozabl/
e nergy-saving l'e n ~j-3i se l v l I]1
o rga nic I ;):' g<.em kl
o rga nic fe r t ilise rs IJ:,g<Cl1I k
'fan cla rzoz/
ozo ne-frie n d ly "aozoc nFrendli/
rec ycle /rir'sarkl/
recycled /rir'sarkld/
rec yclin g /rir'sarkluj/
returnable /rt'tamcbl/
reuse (verb) I r i:'j u:zJ
sel ective rec ycling /sa.lektrv
rir'satklnj /
sola r (energy / pow er) l 's, o lo( r )1
so lar panel " soolo .p.enl/
so rt rubbish 1,53:l 'rAblfl
un lea d ed p etrol IAn,lcoJ(j 'petrel/
water power I'W3:tJ p a o ~( r )1
wind power l 'wlI1o pao o(r)1
wind turbin e I'wmJ ta.ba m
WO RD BANK
149
6 School
Types of schools
h oard ing
I' b:>:d ITJI
co-ed uca t io n a l (informal co-ed )
" kooed gu 'kerj anl/
college I'kohdy
co m p re h e n sive " kompn'h ensrw
e le m e n t a ry l'elJ'mentril
g ra m m a r sc hoo l "q ra-ma sku:l/
inde pe nd ent "md t'pcndant/
mix ed " mrkst/
primary "prannari/
privalc "pra tvat/
publi c school (lirE) I' pAbhk sku:1I
se co n da ry sc hoo l (A mE hig h
school)
"sekandri sku:l/
single-sex 1'511)91 seksJ
state sc hool (AmE pub lic sc hoo l)
I'stell sku:1!
t echnic al "tckmkl/
u ni v e rs ity I'j u:m 'v3:SJliJ
vocat io na l "vao'kerjanl/
st a ff room I'sto:f ru:m/
whiteboard "wa n bo.d/
Goi ng to / leaving / f in ish in g
sch o o l
absence "ebsons/
attend (schoo l / classes / a course)
"a'tcnd/
a tte nda nce "a't endons/
be a bs e n t I'bi 'e bscnt/
be ex cl uded (fro m school)
I'bi
tk'skl urdrd/
he ex p ell ed (fro m sch ool)
I'bi
rk's pcld /
b e present I'bi 'prezntl
drop out (fro m a co urse / fro m
school) I'd ro p 'ac t/
ex p u ls io n I' lk'spAlJn/
ge t / o b tain . . . I'gcl I ab 'tem/
a cer t ifica te I'J sa'ufrkc v
a degree I'J dt'qrir/
a dipl oma I'J dt'plcom a/
get into university I' ,get mta
j um t'v arsati/
People in a school
class mat e " klo.smcn/
(persona l) tutor 1'lj u:lo(r )1
college st u d e n t I' kohd3 stj u:d ntl
d eputy head (m aster ) (A mE ass ista nt
p rinci pa l) I,depj uli 'hed!
exa m iner
/' l g 'za:m mJ(r)/
headmaster (A mE prin cipal)
"hed'mu rstotrj/
lecturer I' leklforo(r)!
pupil I'pju:pll
sc h oo lbo y "sk u.lbor/
sc h oolgirl I'sku:lg3:11
sc hoo lmate "skutlmert/
st u d e nt I'stj u:d ntl
teac her I' l i:tf o(r )1
t eaching staff I' ti:tf lQ sla :f!
uni versit y st u d en t "j umt'varsati
,stj u:d nt/
Scho o l building
bl a ckboard "bhekbccd/
board pen "bo.d pen/
board rubber "bo.d "bo(r)!
ca n tee n I' kren'ti:nl
ch a lk I 'lf o:kl
classroom I'klo:sru:ml
co m p u t e r lab "kam'pj u.ta .he b/
des k I' deskI
!''Y111 (gym n asiu m) I'd3un/
h all I'bo:lI
h eadm a st er's office l' ,hedmo:stJz
' Dflsl
IT / Ic r unit / su ite I'al 'ti: I ar si:
'ti: j u:nrt / swi:t/
laboratory (informal lab)
"Io'b nrotri/
language lab 1'1<e I] gwld3 heb/
library "Iarbrari/
lo cker !'loko(r)1
o ffi ce l' of lSl
pla yground "plerqraond /
scie nce lab I'saIJI1S la-b/
spor ts field I'sPO: IS fi:ldl
1S0
W ORD BANK
go t o sc h ool l' ,g;'l O ta 'sku:11
gra d ua te (fro m a univer sity)
"q nedj uen/
leave sc h oo l I'Ii:v 'sk u:11
play truant "pler 't r uront/
regi ster I'red3lstJ(r)/
school leaver I'sku:1 li:vJ(r)1
skip classes /'s krp 'klu tsrz/
tru an cy "truansi/
Studying at school
be a t a class / les son I'bi et J 'klo:s
I lesn/
b e in cl a ss I' bi 111 'klo :sI
cop yboo k I'kopibo kl
co u rseboo k I' b :sbokl
exerci se- boo k "cksosa rz bok /
deadlin e I'dedlaml
d o . .. I' du:1
an ex ercise I'Jn 'eksasa rz/
a task I'J 'to:skl
an act ivity I'Jn tek't tvat i/
one's best I'WAI1Z 'bestl
project work I' prod3ekt wark/
hom ework "hac mwark/
extra les sons "eksrra 'lcsnzJ
folder rroo ldo(r )1
(do / get / give / set / h a nd in )
h omework "hcomwaik/
learn (st h / about st h ) I' la:nl
learn b y h eart 1'13:n ba r 'bo:Ii
m ake . .. "merk/
mistakes " m rs'terks/
n otes "naots/
a presentation I'J prezn'terjn/
progress "praoqres/
marks I' mo:ksl
m emorise "mcmararz/
n otebook "nao tbuk/
p a rticipate " pc c'us rpcn/
report I 'n ' p:>:tl
sc h ool t rip I'sku:l 'trtp/
set books I'set 'boksl
so lve a problem l' ,sDlv J 'problem/
stud y h ard l' ,slAdi 'ba:dl
take a break I' ,tclk J 'brctk/
take part " terk 'pa :t1
text book "tekstbu k/
workbo o k "watk bo k/
School year
break "brerk/
(su m mer / winter / Ch rist mas /
Easter) b reak "brcrk/
class I' kla:sl
fre e period (A mE) I f ri: 'pl, riodl
holid a ys (A mE vac at io n) "h ohderz/
lesson (A mE period) l 'lesnl
lunch break l' IAntJ brcrk/
re ce ss (A mE) "ri-ses/
semester (A mE) I' s~ ' m c s t J( r )!
term I't3:m/
tim et abl e (AmE schedule)
" ta rm tcrbl/
th e b ell goes a t (3 o 'cl ock) 1'00 'bel
gJUZ J t!
sc h o o l brea ks up o n ( 14 J uly )
I'sku:l bretk s ,Ap onl
Exa m in a ti o ns
a ssess I' ~ ' se s/
a sse ss men t "o'scsmcnt/
c h ea t (in an exa m) !'tJi:tl
(exa m resul ts) come out " kxm 'autl
do (an exa m) I' du:1
d o (we ll / ba dly) in an ex a m I 'du:
In
an rq'ztem/
e n t ra nce exa m "cnu ons 19 ,za:m l
ev a lua te " r'velj uen/
e xa m (ina tion) I' lg'ucm!
ex a m paper I' lg':uem pelpJ(r)!
fail I Terll
give a test I'glv J 'test/
ge t t h e results (of a t est / exa m)
I' ,gct OJ rr'zxlts /
g ra de I' greldl
m ark (A mE grade ) (verb) I' ma:kl
m ark (rw llu) I' mo:k!
m oc k exa m I'mok ,g,z:.c ml
pass I' pa:sl
prepare for "prt'pea f::'l (r)/
re-sit (an exam) I'ri:'sltl
retake (an exa m) I'ri:'tclkl
revi se (for an ex am) I' n 'valzJ
scho cl-leavmg exa m "sk u.l'li cvrn
Ig ,z<eml
sco re I'sb :(r)/
sit (a n exa m ) I' snJ
st u d y (fo r a test / exa m )
take (a n exam) I'telkl
I' sl Ad il
School subjects
Art l' a:t1
Bio logy I' bal'olod3il
Business St u dies "brznr s stxd rz/
Ch em ist ry "kemrstri/
Co m p u te r Studies (I T! In form ati on
Tech n ology) "karn'pj uta stxd rz/
co m p u lso ry "kom'palsari/
c u r ricu lu m " ko'n kjalcm/
ext ra-cu rric u lar act iv it ies
I' ekstraka,n kjala rek't1VI UzJ
Words in blue suggested for the HIgher level
foreign languages I' .ror~m
'Ianjq wld31z1
Ge og ra p hy I' d 3 l ' og r~ lil
G ra m ma r (li n gu ist ics) I' g nc m ~ r )1
Hum aniti es I'hj u:' m..enur z/
Hist ory I' hlstJri!
Lit erature l ' h t r~t J~ r )1
Math ematics (Ma t hs)
I' m a: O J ' m a~ t l k sl
Music I'mj u:zlkl
o p tiona l 1'0pJ, 01l
Physical Ed uca ti o n (PE) I' .r,z,kl
edgu'kctj n/
Physics l 'fiZl ksl
Religious (an d Mora l ) Ed u ca t io n
1' f1 , lI d 3~ S edju'k e rj u/
Sc ie nces "sa rcnsrz/
Teach ers and students
a ctive I';.c k tl vl
ambitious l' a:m 'bIJJs/
a ttentive I'~' t c n t lvl
co nscie n tious I' konJI'enlJJsI
co-o pera t ive " koo 'oprau v/
c re a t ive "k ri'em v/
fair I'fe, (r )/
gifted I'glflldl
hard-working I'ho:d w3:kllJl
impatient I'IITI' pcIJnt!
la zy "Ie rzi/
motivated " moo uv crud/
motivatin g I'mJOUVellllJI
passi ve I'p..e srv/
patient "petj nt/
professional "pra'fe j nl/
punctual I' pA lJ k t J u ~ 11
s lo ppy I'slopi/
syste m a tic " srsra'm a-n k/
t al ented I'trel, nudl
unfair 1' ,\ n ' fc~ r )1
7 Work
Types o f work
blue-collar worker l ,blu:koIJ
'w3:k,(r)1
ca reer IkJ 'f1;l(r)1
duty I'dj u:lil
employ (sb) /rm'plar/
e m p lo yee I lm pl:-u ' i:1
employer h m' p b l ~( r)l
e m p loy me n t / rm'plorm om/
freelancer I' fri : l o : n s~( r )1
full-time job /fo ltarrn 'd30bl
h ard work Iho :d 'wark/
job Id30bl
manual work "m.enj uol wa.k/
occupation /nkja'perj n/
o d d jobs I' od ,d30bzJ
part-time job /pc rttarm 'd30bl
permanent job l,p3:mJn:lnt 'd30bl
physical work /Trzrkl ,w3:kl
profession /prc'fej n/
professional (110 1111) /pra'fej nl/
self-employed /selfun 'plord/
skilled work IskJid 'wa:kl
t emporary job I'tempr, ri ,d30bl
un skilled work /e n'skrld .wark/
Wo rds in blue sugge sted for the Higher leve l
w ell-paid job /wel.p etd 'd30bl
white-collar worker l,wa u koIJ(r)
' w3:k :'l( r )1
work IW3:kl
w ork for (sb ) "wark f,( r)1
w ork fr eel ance I ,W3:k 'fri :lo:ns/
work from home I,W3:k from
'hco rn/
At work
assist 1;)'slst!
be in c ha rge (of st h / sb) Ibi 10
'tJo:d}!
be nefi ts "bencfus/
be o n call Ibi on 'b :11
be re sponsible (fo r st b / sb) Ibi
ns'ponsobl/
bonus " boo nos/
busy I' blzil
cloc k off (info rma l) Iklok 'ofl
clock o n (informal) Iklok 'on/
co ncen t ra te (o n st h) " konscntrcn/
d eadline "dcdlam/
do a job /d ur a 'd30bl
ea r n one 's living (as) 1,3:n wa nz
'h vuj /
ea r n in gs (pi ) 1'3:l1I lJ zi
fee m:1
fill in (fo r sb) IfJi 'ml
get a pay rise / a raise Iget J 'per
ra tz I J 'rclzl
get promoted I get prc'maott d/
give (sb) a hand I ,glv , 'ha -nd/
income I' mk" m1
make a lo ss /rnetk a 'losl
m ake a profit /merk ~ 'profu /
man age I'm<.e l1ldy
management "me mdgme nt/
m atern it y cove r /ma't a.mti , k A v ~ r )1
off duty lof 'dj u:li/
on duty Ion 'dj u:ti/
(work / d o ) o ver ti me "ao vetatm/
overworked I :JOVJ'W3:k tl
pay Ipell
payment "permcnt/
pay rise I' PCI rarz/
perks (pi ) Ip3:ksl
raise (lIoun) Irelzi
run (a co m pa ny) I r Al11
salary I'sa:IJ ril
slow down IslJO 'dao nl
stand in (fo r sb ) /ste nd '101
take things easy /teik ,O'QgZ 'i:zil
take over (fro m sb ) /tetk 'Jo vJ(r)1
teamwork I'ti:rnw3:kl
wages I'wcld31z!
work long hours I ,W3:k 10 1) 'ao oz/
Not working
be made redundant I bi .mcrd
n'd cnd ont/
be o n t he d ol e (informal) Ibi .on OJ
'dcol/
dismiss (!e)fl nal) /d ts'nu s/
fire (sb) (in formal ) I' fal, (r)1
give (sb) th e sack (illforma l) /q rv ,),
'sa-k/
give up (A mE q ui t) work
'wa.k/
go on strike 19JO 011 'strark/
jobless I'd30b1, S/
job see ke r (RrE) I'd30b si:b (r)1
k nock off (info rma l) Inok ' ofl
let (sb) go (info rma l) l let 'g , ol
make (s b) redundant / metk
n'd.vndam/
on holida y I on 'h oledev
out of work /a o t av 'wa.k/
pension I' penJJnl
pensioner I' pc n J~ n ~( r )/
receive (sta te) b enefits In ,si:v
'bcnafus/
resign / r t'za tn/
retire In 'tal:'l(r )1
retirement /rt't atcmant/
sab ba tica l /sa'b retrkl/
sack (sb) (info rm al) ISlCkl
sic k leave "srk li:vl
take a d a y o ff I ,telk , del 'ofl
take time off /tctk ta rm 'ofl
take a lea ve /terk 'Ii:vl
unemplo yed
(h igh / lo w ) unemployment
IAl1Im 'pl::)(d
1,\ n l rn ' p b l m ~ ll tl
unempl o yment benefit
/xmm'plonnant .benofu/
Looking for a job
applicant "eephkant/
appli cation form /reph'k erj n f:t:ml
a p p ly for a job /a.plar fo(r) 0 'd30bl
CV (cu rric u lu m vi ta e) Isi: 'vi:1
en cl o se (a CV) /m'ktaoz/
ex pe rie nce /rk'spraricns/
fill in (a fo rm ) IfJi 'ml
Hu m a n Resou rces ( H R) l, hj u:mJn
n 'ZJ:sI7}
interview (uorw) I' m t ~vj u :l
interview (verb) I' m t ~vj u :l
job advert(isem en t) I'd30b edva.t/
job appli cation I'd30b te ph.kerjn /
job ce n t re I'd30b sent,(r)1
look for (a job ) I'lo k f,(r)1
personnel /parsc'n el/
position / po'z tj n/
post /poost/
qualifi cations /k w nlt fr'k erj nz/
recr u itme nt /rr'k rurtmant/
references "refronsrz/
starting sa la ry I'sto:tJlJ , s a~ I J r il
vacancy I'vclkJ nsi!
workin g co n d it ion s I'V.'3:kllJ
kon.dijnz'
People at work
assi stant /a' srstcnt/
boss Ibosl
colleague I'koli:gl
employee IimpbJ' i:l
employer iIm'pb l, (r)1
lin e m an a ge r l'la m m<.emd3J(rl l
manager I' m <.e n l d 3~ ( r )1
staff Ista:fl
team Iti:ml
w orker (e.g. in a fac to ry) I' w3:ko(r )1
Ig lv AI'
WOR D BANK
151
Jo bs
a cademi c
/icka'd crmk/
accountant /a'k ao ntcnt/
a ctor l' ,ekto(r )1
actress J'a: ktrJs!
artist I'a :tlst!
au pair
'pc;)(r)/
/ ;) 0
b ab ysittcr /' bclbisJt;J(r)!
barher I' b(] : b ~{ r )1
barrister (A mE attorney)
I' b ,~ n s t ;'l( r )1
beau ti cia n /bj ur't tj n/
businessma n " brzmsrnan/
businessw oman " brzruswomen/
ca r m echan ic I'ko: ma.kzemk/
ca rp en ter I' ko:pmt:>(r)/
cash ier Ik,e'Jlo(r )1
c hef IJef!
chem ist I' kemlst!
co m p u ter prog rammer
/kam.pj urta
'praoq ra~ m :l( c)/
con d uc tor
Ik ;m 'd Akt:>(r )/
/kon'sxltom/
co nsulta n t
co o k Ikukl
d entist "dentist/
(film ) directo r /dat'rektatrj/
doctor l 'd ok to(r )1
dress m aker f'd res m Cl b(r)!
(bus / lorry / tax i / AmE ca b) driver
l 'd n uvJ(r )/
driving instructor
"dra rvm
m .strxk tatrj/
economist
elect rici a n
!I 'k nnonus t/
/clak't rtj n/
engineer
/end31' ni;'l( r)/
est a te agent /r'stcn erd gan t/
ex ec u t iv e /rq' zckjou v/
fa ctory worker "frek tcri w 3:kJ( r)1
farmer l 'fo:m;l(r )1
firefight er I' fa I J fa n ~( r ) 1
flight attendant "flan J tendan t/
hairdresser I' hc~ res~ r)/'
housewife "haoswa rf/
interior d ecorator IIn ucria
'dckarcrtotr j/
'
interpreter Im't3:pn tJ(r)/
journalist I'd33:nJhst!
lawyer I' b l ~( r )1
lecturer I' lckI JrJ(r )1
lihrarian /lar'b recricn/
manager I'ma:md3Jt r)/
miner I'mamJ(r )1
musician /mj u r'z rj n/
nurse /na.s/
(portrait) p ain ter I'pemtJ(r)1
pensioner I'pcnS;mJ(r)/
pharmaci st I' fo:mJslstl
photograph er IfJ 'togrJfJ(r)/
pilot I ' pa" otl
plumber I' pI.\ mo(r )1
police officer /pa'I irs ,oflsJ(r)1
politician /p nla't tj n/
postman I' p~ o s l m J nl
postwoman " pco stwo mon/
psychologist /sat'k nladgrst/
receptionist /rr'sepj anrst/
road sweeper "rood swi:pJ(r)1
sales representative (sales rep )
I'seIlz rcpn.zcn tcuv/
1S2
WORD BA NK
scientist "sarcnus t/
sc u lp to r I'skAlpto(r)1
secre ta ry "sekratri/
security gu ard /sr'kjo en ti go :dl
shop assistant "[ np J,slstJntl
shopkeeper l'J opki:po(r)1
soci a l worker I's;)oSI w 3:kJ(r)1
so lici t or ISJ 'hsItJ(r)1
stoc kb ro ke r I'stokbrJukJ(r)1
surge on I's3:d3JnI
t ailor I'te" ;>(r)!
teacher I' t i:tJ;>(r )1
ti cket in spector " nku m,spekt J{r)1
translator Itr:.cnz'lenJ(r)1
tra vel a ge n t "trrevl eld3Jn t!
TV presenter Iti: 'vi: prt .zent atr j/
vet (vete rina ry su rgeo n I doctor)
/vet
junk food /'d3ADk f u:dl
organ ic food h :'ga:llIk fu:dl
preservatives I P fl ' Z3 : V ~ tI v zI
protein "prao tim/
Diet
(be / go on a ) diet /' da'ot!
high (in ca rbo h yd ra tes) /ha u
lo se weight l .J u:z 'WCIl/
Jow-calorie di et /lao .ktelari 'darat/
low-fat di et 11:>0 / <l:t 'd a rat/
put o n wei ght Ipo t on 'wen!
rich (in protein ) I ntJI
sli m m ing diet I'shmllJ data t/
vegan I'vi:gJIlI
vegetarian Ivcd3J'tc;JriJnl
w eight loss programme I'WCII 10s
.prao qne rn/
8 Health
Health problems
Heal thy / unhealthy lifestyle
a ccident I'..ck srdoru/
addicted (to drugs / alcohol)
a t h let ic heO' lct,kl
avoid (st ress) I J'V:>Idl
be a fitness fanatic I fr eak
/a'd rk ud/
Ibi
d
'fu ries fa.me u k I fri: kl
co uc h potato / 'kao tJ pa.tertao/
cu t down (on fatt y food ) IkAl
'dao nl
do (reg ular ) exercise Id u: 'ekscsarz/
fast food /fo .st 'fu:dl
fatty food IflC ti 'fu.d/
fit I fltl
follow (a sensible diet) I' f olool
get enough sleep Iget r. nef 'slirp/
give up (smoking) /q rv 'A pl
go jogging IgJO 'd30911J1
gym Id31ml
junk food I'd3ADk fu:dl
keep fit Iki:p 'fu/
look fit Iluk 'fu/
lo se weig h t Ilu:z 'welt!
low-calorie food /lao krelari: 'fu :d/
low-fat fo od Ilou f'ct 'fu.d/
(be) out o f sh a pe laut av 'jetp/
o verwei ght /ao ve'wen/
put on weight /po t on 'wen /
read y m eal I' rcdi mi:V
redu ce stress / rt.dj u rs 'stresl
sedentary lifest yl e /,scdJntri
'larfs ta tl/
slo b (i nforma!) Islobl
st a y fit /ster ' fil l
stay in sha p e /ster m 'jerp/
takeawa ys "tcrkaweiz/
take up (sport / exercise) /terk 'Apl
TV dinners Iti: vi: 'd moz/
work out IW3: k 'aut!
Food and h e a lth
additives /'a:dlllvzI
(h igh / low in) ca lo ries l 'klClonzl
carbohydrates /kutba'h ard ren s/
fat If'etl
fally food /freti 'fu.d/
fibre I'flllbo(r)/
health food I'helO fu:dl
healthy food IhelO i 'f u:dl
addicti on /a'drk j n/
allergic (to cats) 10'13,d3Ikl
all ergy l '<cl od3il
appendicitis /o.pcndr's arus/
backache "b.ekcrk/
bedridden "bcdnd n/
blister /' b1lsto(r )1
(h igh / low) hlood pressure l 'blAd
,prcJo(rjl
broken (a rm ) "braok n/
cancer I' ka:ns;J(r )1
casualty I'k,c30J1til
(have a ) co ld /koold/
co ug h I k ofl
di abetic /da ro'bcuk/
(physica lly / mentally) di sabled
/d ts'e rbld/
ea rac he I' IJrclkl
fa ta li ty I fo'tlClot il
feel (a bit) off-colour (i nfo rma l)
l ,fi :1 of 'b lo(r)!
fee l (a bit ) und er th e w eather
(in f orma!) l ,fi :1 .\ ndo 00 '\\eo* )1
feel a hit po orl y l ,fi :1 0 bit 'po:lil
fee l di zz y l, fi :1 'd rzi/
feel drowsy l ,li :1 'draozi/
feel sic k m:1 'stk/
feel terrible m :1 'tcrrbl/
fev er I' fi :vo(r )1
fev erish I' fi:\'JflJI
flu /flut/
food p oi soning I'fu:d P.JIZ;)1lI1J1
headache "hcderk/
heart attack I'ho:t o,tlCkl
hurt /han/
(critica lly / seriously / ter min all y) ill
1" 1
illness I' lIl11sl
ill with /' 11 WI{)!
injure I' md3J(r)1
injured l 'md3Jd!
injury l 'md3Jril
insomnia /m's nnuua/
(do) not feel very well
veri ,well
Inot 'fi:1
Words in blue suggested for the Higher level
(ta ke an ) overdose I'JUVJ<b usl
pain (in th e legs I ba ck) I pcml
pneumonia Inj u : ' I11~u m .11
ras h Ir"'JI
runn y nose /rani 'ncoz/
sneeze Isni:z!
(h ave a) so re throat Is;): 'urao t/
sprained (a n kle I w rist ) /sp rernd/
(a bee) sting IstllJI
sto m a ch -a ch e "stxrnck erk/
stroke /st roo k/
suffer (fro m illness) I' sAf, (r )1
swollen (tons ils / wrist) I'sWJo lJl11
(a h igh ) t emperature I' tem pr, tJo(r )1
tootha che I' tu:Oelkl
a twi st ed ankl e IJ .twrsud '..efJk ll
twist (o n e's) ankl e /tw rst 'a:l]kll
upset stomach I,Apset 'stxmok/
vomit "vomu/
wound (fUJlUl) Iwu:ndl
wounded "wu.ndrd/
Treatment
(fee l) as go od as n ew (informa l)
.ood JZ 'nj u:1
be better /b i ' beto(r )1
b e ex a m in ed Ibi 19'z..emmd l
(medica l I d ent al) c hec k- u p
IJZ
l 'tJek Apl
chemist's "kcnus ts/
cough medicine I' kof medsn/
cure I' kj o, (r)!
drug IdrAgI
get better Igct 'bct;'\(r)1
get a prescription I,get J
prrs'krtpjn/
ge t ove r (t he operation) Iget
';'\ o vJ(r)1
go to bed 1,9.10 to 'bed/
go to hospital I,g;lo ta 'hns pu l/
go to the doctor 1,9;,\0 ta ('J
'J Dkt, (r )1
have a sca n I,h,cv J 'sk ain/
have t est s /haiv 'tests/
have an injection I,ha:v In
tn'd ge kj n/
m ake a n a p poin t m e n t (to see t he
doc tor) /jn erk an a'p om tm ant/
make a (good I fast ) recovery
I,melk .1 rt'k.weri/
medicine I'mcdsnl
(h ave a n ) operation /upc'retj n/
painkiller l 'pcmkIlJ(r)1
pharma cy "fu rmasi/
pills / prlz/
sle eping pill I'sli:pll] pill
st im u la n t "sumj ulant/
(h ave) surgery I's3:d3Jril
recover (fro m) I n ' k,w ;)(r )1
tabl ets " nc blots/
take (o ne 's) blood pressure z.terk
'bL, J preJ,(r )1
treat It r i:tl
(h av e an ) X-ra y "cksrcr/
Healthcare
A I'< E (BrE Accid ent an d Emergency)
(A mE ER, Emergen cy Room) l el
.:md 'i:1
ca sua lty I'k..e3U;Jltil
chemist's I' kenllstsl
c o ns u lta n t / kon 's.vlton t/
dentist "denus t/
doctor I'J okt, (r)1
GP (BrE Gen era l Practitioner) Id3i:
'pi:1
health care centre "helukec scn t~ r)/
h ealth clinic I' helO khmk/
h ospital "hospn l/
(t a ke) m edical lea ve I' med lkl li:vl
n 11 rse In3:s/
patient I' pctJntl
private medicine l ,pnuvll 'medsu/
public healthcarc l,pAbhk
'heiOke, (r)1
specialist I'speJJllstl
su rg eon I 'S3:d3Jnl
s u rge ry l's3:d3Jril
wa rd I\\,.):d!
Alternative medicine
ac u p u nct u re l' a:kj up,\ lJ ktJJ(r)/
acu punctu rist /rekj u'P,\ I] kt] ar tst/
aromathcrapy /a.r ao ma'Uerapi/
arom a therapi st IJ, fJilJ11J 'OCf:tPlstl
faith healing I'fCIO hi:IIIJI
fa it h h ealer l 'felO hi:io(r)!
h erbal m edicine l, h3:bl 'rncdsn/
h erbali st I' h3:b;.lll stl
h omeopath y /hco mi'npatli/
h orncopath "haomrcop..e91
osteo pa t hy l osti'opJOil
osteo pa t h l' ostl;lo, p.cOI
reflexology Iri:Oeks'olJd3il
refl exologist Iri:llcks'oIJd31stl
9 Sport
Sport
spo rts a n d sp o rts peo p le
archer l'o:tJ, ( r )1
arch ery l'o:tJJril
athlete I';eOi i:t1
athletics (siugular) I",O'letJksl
ba seball l 'bclsb:dl
basketball !'hu:skllhJ:11
boxer " boksom /
bo xing "boksnj/
c ross-c o u n t ry sk ii n g l ,krnskAntri
'ski:IIJI
discus "drskcs/
diver I' dalvJ( r)1
divin g I'dalvll]l
downhill skiing I,J ao nhJi 'ski:JQI
fencer I' fensJ(r)/
fencing "fcnsm/
football (AmE soccer) l'folbJ:11
go lf Igoif!
golfer I' gDif, (r )1
g ym n a st I'd31mmcstl
gymnastics Id3lm'mestlksf
hamm er throw(ing) " hscma
handball I' h;cnJ bJ:11
h ockey " hoki/
hurdl e /' h3:J II
indoor s ports (p i) l ,ind::J: 'sports/
ja velin "dgevhn/
(lo n g I h igh / trip le) jump
!J 3Am pl
marathon I'ma:r;)OJnl
marathon runner "marcuan
,rAnJ(r)/
pole vault "poo l vult/
pole vaulter "paol voItJ(r)1
ra ce IrclsI
roll erblades (p i) I'r, oi, bIeIJ zI
rollerblading I' r~o IJbl c ld l I)1
rollersk atin g I' rJo lJskeltll]1
run IrAnl
runn er I'rAnd(r)1
sh o t putter I'Jot potJ( r)1
shot put(tin g) I 'Jnt PO tIQ!
ska t eboa rd "skenbccd/
skateboarding "sk ertbordnj /
skater l ' s k elt~r)1
(figure I spe ed ) s ka ti ng l 'skell lQI
ski jump I' ski: J3 ., mpl
ski-ju m per I'ski:d;;.\ mp;)( r)1
skier I'ski:;'l(r)/
skiing I'ski:11]1
sprint /sprtnt/
spri nter "spnn tor r)1
su rn o wrestling I ' S ll : Il1 ~ O reslnj/
sw im me r I ' s w lln ~( r )/
sw im m in g l 'sw lITIlI]I
tabl e t ennis I'lelbl terns/
tennis I'temsl
volley ba ll I' vDlibo:11
water pol o I' wo:t ~ paolao/
water sports (p i) I'w;,\:t:l spo.ts/
weigh tlifter l\ ven llftJ(r)1
we ightlifting I'wellllftlI)1
windsurfer I'wmds:J:fJ(r)/
windsurff ng I'wmds:l:fIlJI
wrestle I'resl!
wrestling "rcshrj/
pe ople, places , things, e ve n ts
amateur l' a:m;lt3:(r )1
bat Ib« t1
c h a m p io n I' tJa: m pi ~ nl
ch a m p io ns h ip I'tJ<empi:lnJlpl
coa ch I b o lJI
co m pe t it io n /k nmpa'nj n/
(te nni s, sq uash , badmi nt on ) co u r t
I b :tl
doping I'ddOPII)1
draw Id r.:l:!
drug test I'd rAg test!
fan I f« nl
fi eld I fI:IJI
ga me Igemll
goa l Ig, o ll
goalkeeper I'g, olki:p, (r)1
gym (gy m nasiu m ) 1<131011
ice ska te s (p i ) l'..lI S skens/
net Inetl
Olympic games /altm ptk 'g CIJ117J
(foo tba ll I ru gby / hockey) pitch
I plt JI
(foo tba ll) pitch I pJlJI
pra ct ice (1101111) I'pra: ktlsl
Or;lu l
Words
In
blue suggested for the Higher level
WO RD BANK
153
practise (verb ) "prtcktrs/
profes sional /prc'fejnal/
rac ket I' nt:: kIll
referee / refc'ri r/
(ice / skati ng) rin k I fIIJkl
sco re Isb :( r )1
sk i slo p e /'ski: sloo p/
spectato r /spek'tenauj/
sp orts eq ui pmen t "sports
r.kwrpmant/
sp orts fa ci li t ie s (p i) "sports
landscape "he nds keip/
m asterpiece "mu.stcpi.s/
oil painting 1'~ I1 pemtnj/
outline "ao tla m/
paint Ipcmtl
painter l'pCIIl1;;J(r)1
painting I' pcIIltlIJI
perspective /pas'pekttv/
photo(gra ph ) "Ioo toc /
p hotograph er It~ ' t Dg r J fJ( r )1
photograph y /fc't nqrcfi/
(a) pi ec e of art I,pi:s JV ' o:tl
portrait "pon rert/
sculp t /skal pt/
sculptor I'skAipt, (r)1
sc u lpt ure l'skAiptJ, (r)1
sketc h IsketJI
still life ISHI 'Iarf/
take (p hotogra phs / pho to s /
pictu res) /terk/
watercolour I'w~ : t d k A l d( r )1
(a) work of art I ,W3:k JV 'o:tl
fast lanz/
stad ium "sterdiorn/
(h oc key ) st ick Istlkl
su p porter
tea m sport
/SJ'p:l:tJ(r )/
/ 't i:m sp.J:tl
tou rnament "tomamont/
t rac k I t nckl
trac ksuit "trte ks un/
t ra in /Irem/
t urn professional l,t3:n
pra'fejncl/
I' Am pa IJ(r)/
work o u t /wark 'au t/
u mp ire
Literature. theatre and film
doing a spo rt
d o ... Idu:1
ae ro bics /ea'r ao brks/
high I lo n g ju mp "har / '101)
d 3!~mp l
jud o I' d3U:d, 01
go ... 19 ;101
ridin g "rard uy
skiing /' ski:lIJ/
swi m m in g I' SWl lTIIIJ!
lose (a gam e / a match )
Ilu:z/
pl a y .. . /pler/
hridge I'bfldyl
foot ball l'fo tbo:iI
tennis "terns/
(set / b rea k / eq ual a) record
I' rcko:dl
sco re ... I sk :>:( r )/
a goal IJ 'g 30 11
a p oint IJ 'pcmt/
throw ... 10 r::lo l
th e di scus l a;;J 'drskas/
the ja velin 10 ;) 'd3,-cvlml
th e h a m mer IOd 'lucm;;J(r)1
w in (a ga me / a m atch) Iwm
10 Free time
and culture
a ction a d ve n tu re l ,a:: kSn
, d'v entJ,(r)1
a ctio n (film / m o vie) 1'.ekJnl
adaptation /red rep'terj n/
a n im a t io n /re nt'm etj n/
a u d ie n ce "o-dious/
bestseIler /best's elat rl /
blockbuster l'blokb,\St, (r)1
box office I'bnks ofISI
cartoon I k a:'t u:nl
ca st /ku.st/
(mai n ) character l'ka:n kt:J(r)/
cinema "sm ama/
co m ed y "k nrnadi /
conflict (1101111 ) "k onflrkt/
critic "krmk /
d e tective story /d r'tcknv starri/
direct /da t'r ekt. dr'rekt /
d irect o r /da r'rckto. r), d r'rektotrj/
disaster movi e IdIZ'O:Std mu.vi /
d oc u me n t a ry /d nkj c'mentori/
drama I' d ro :m :J1
dub (verb) IdAbl
dubbing l 'dAblryl
feature film 1'li :tJ, friml
fi ction 1'flkJnl
(ac t / pla y / star / feat ur e in a ) film
(A m E mo vie) I fJlml
film based on (a book / a tr ue sto ry)
/frlm 'beist on l
Art
art festival 1'0:1 fesuv l/
a rt gallery I'o:t ga:l;;Jril
art studio I ' o:t stj utdtcu/
artist " omst/
b a ckground I'ba:kgrao ndl
ca n va s " ken vos/
design /dt'z a m/
draw (in pen / pencil / ch arco al)
Id ro:1
(a) d raw ing l' d ro:II)1
exhibit (verb ) /rq'z rbn/
ex h ibi t io n /eksr'brjn/
fram e Ifremll
graphics (sing lllar) I'gnc flksl
1 S4
W ORD BA NK
flop /flopl
ho rror I' h o r;;J( r )1
interval (in a play) I'mtJVJI!
leading rol e /Iitd nj 'raol/
literary "htarari/
litera ry criticism l,htJrJri 'kr tusrzm/
lo ve st o ry l'IAv st:>:ril
leading rol e lIi:dlIJ ' r~'10 1!
musical Z'rnjurztkl/
non- fi ction "nunfrkjn /
novel I'novll
novelist "n cvolrst/
performer Ip:J'f:>:mJ(r)1
performance /pa'fo.mcns/
play /pler/
playwright I' plclraitl
plot I plotl
poem "pao rrn/
poet I' p:>OI tl
poetry l 'p;lOJtril
protagonist I p rJ ' l<e g ~ I1Is 11
resolution /reza'huj n/
review I n ' vj u:1
reviewer In 'vju:J(r)1
romantic co m ed y / rao .m ten trk
'k nmadi/
sci -fi (scie nce ficti on ) film Isa r'faI
fIlml
screen p lay "s krimpler/
sequel "si.kwol/
set (nouo ) Isct!
. (be ) set (in the 16th ce n tur y) Isetl
sh o r t st ory ISJ:t 'stoiri/
show 11:>01
so u n d t rack "sao ndtnck/
special effects (p i) l,spcJi t'fekts/
specta tor /spck 'tcn cm/
st a ge Isteldyl
st u n t ma n I'stAlltlmenl
su bt itles "se bta n lz/
s u p p o rti n g (ro ie / actor / cha racte r)
ISJ'pJ:tIl]l
theme I Oi:ml
thrill e r I' Qrri, (r )1
western "wcstan /
Press. radio and television
(cl assified) advert uscmcn t) (inton na!
ad) l' a:dv3:tl
a r t icl e l 'O:lI k l!
th e bo x (illfo rmal) l Oo ' boksl
broadcast "bro.d ku.st/
broadsheet l 'b ro:dJi:tl
ca b le TV I,kelbl ti: 'vi:1
(an im ated) cartoon I k o:' t u:nl
ca r to o n strip /kor't u:n strip/
circulation /sa.kja'ler j n/
co lu m n " kolam/
co lu m n ist "k plamnrst/
co m ic strip "k prruk stn pl
co p y I' k opil
daily p ape r z. dcrli 'pelpo(r)1
(ev en ing / spe cial) ed it io n /t'd tj n/
e d ito r l 'ed lt, (r )1
editorial /ed r't arrial/
ep isode "cprsao d/
glo ssy (m agazin e) I'glosil
interview I' lIltJvj u:1
(yesterday's / May 20 06 ) issu e l 'IJu:1
journalist l'd33:nJllstl
letter to t he edito r /jeta to t"l i
'edlt, (r )1
live broadca st 1,lalv 'bro.d ko.st/
lo cal p re ss /Iao kl 'presl
m aga zin c /mteqa'zim/
monthly (m agaz ine) I'Il1 AIlOl il
n ation al p res s 1,l1<c1nJI 'pres/
n ewsa gent('s) l 'nj u:zcld3dlltl
n ewspa pe r i intormot pap er)
"nj ursperpof rj/
obituary /a'bn j uari/
p eriodical /prari'u d rkl/
presenter /pn'zem om/
press cu tt in g I'prcs kAtIIJI
Words in blue suggested for the Higher level
qu arterly (magazine I periodical)
I' b :tolil
qui z /kwrz/
reality TV (show) / ri'ee loti ti: ,vi:/
remote (co n t ro l) /r t'm oot/
repo rt
In' pJ:t/
reporter
/ n ' pJ : t ~( r )/
satellite TV I,Sa:l.11<1I1 ti: 'vi:!
sc ree n Iskri:nI
se ria l I'sIoJri;J1I
series I' sloJri:zJ
show busin ess (informal showbiz)
I' J ~w
brzn rs/
sitcom (formal sit ua tio n co me dy)
"srtk om/
soa p (o pera )
/sac p/
su bsc ribe (to ) /scb's krarb/
su bsc ribe r /sab's krarbalr j/
t abloid "ueblord/
ta lk sbow I'to:k Jool
t alk-show h o st I't:l:k 1.10 hao st/
television / 'tcl;JvI3;JnJ
telly I'telil
TV It i: 'vi:1
TV c h a n nel Iti: 'vi: tJa: n;JV
TV st u d io Iti: 'vi: stju rd tao/
v ie wer I' vj u : ~ r )/
weekl y (magazine)
Leisure time
as k (sb) out lo :sk 'ao tl
e n te rta in m e n t /cnta'tcm mant/
f ree tim e Ifri: 'tarm /
go (swim m in g I dancin g I to the
cine m a I to a co nce rt) Ig;wl
go out (with frien ds) /qao 'a ot!
(have I tak e up a) h obhy I'hobiJ
list en (to music I to the rad io)
I'hsn/
o ut d oo rs (adv) /ao t'd a.z/
(h ave I throw I go to a) party
I'pu:tiJ
pass time Ipo:s 'tarrn/
pla y (cards I chess I te nn is I
hasketball I th e piano I the
drum s) Iplcl!
pl a y (video I co m pute r I boa rd)
ga mes / plc r 'qermz/
read (boo ks I magazin es I co mic s)
I'wi:klil
Music and dance
a lb u m l ' a~ l b ;)ln/
b allet I'b'ek ,l
b and / bamd/
beat (IlOlIII) I bi:t!
blues Iblu:zI
C D (co m pact d isc) Isi: 'di:1
(t he) charts (p i) I tJu :ts!
ch o r eog r ap hy
/k nri'pqrafi/
classical (m usic I ba llet) "k hestkl/
co m pos e /kam'pao z/
co m p ose r /karn'poozatrj/
co nce rt " konscv
co n ce rt h all I'konsJt h:l:V
co n d uct / kcn'd e kt/
co n d uc t o r Ik ~m ' d h k t ~r )1
co n te m p o ra ry (m us ic I dance)
/kon 'tem prcri/
dance Idu:nsl
folk Ifoo kl
gro u p Igru:pl
(a number o ne I a sm ash ) h it !hIt!
ja zz Id:;.ezl
lyrics (s;tJgll lar) I'hn ksl
musical "mj urzrk l/
opera I ' npara/
orchestra 1':>:klstrJI
(a m usical) piece Ipi:sl
p op 11'0 1'1
rap Inep!
R & B (rh yt h m a nd blues) I ,u:(r ) on
'bi:1
reggae I' rcgcll
rec o rd (" 01l1l) I' rc k ~1
rel ease (a single I an alb um) In 'li:sl
rhythm In o ml
rock l ro kl
sing ISIIJI
singer I'snp (r)/
so ngw rite r I' s o lJ ra lt ~ r )1
Words in blue suggeste d fo r t he Hig her level
I ri:dl
sp end t ime /spend 'tauu/
take up (swim m ing I IJ0w li ng I a
hobby ) / tet k 'h pl
wa tc h (TV I a vid eo ) IWDtJI
11 Travel
Means of transport
aero p la ne (A m E airp lan e)
"ecrcplem/
"ea k rurft/
bi c y cle (illform al bik e)
aircraft
" ba rsrkl/
hoat Iboot!
bus I b/l. sl
ca r Ik u:(r )1
coach (BrE) I kootJI
douhle-decker (bus) Idhbl'deko(r)1
ferry /'feril
liner I' l a m ~( r )1
lorry (Am E truc k) I'lnriJ
minibus I' mmibAsI
m otorbike "mao tcba tk/
motorcycl e "moo tosaikl /
on foot l oo 'fo t/
taxi (AmE ca h ) "treksi/
train It rcml
(t he Londo n ) tube (illforma l) Itj u:bl
underground (A mE subway)
l 'AodJg raoodl
van Iva:nl
ya c h t Ijotl
Travelling
(travel) across (Ame rica ) /a'k rns/
(trave l) a ro u n d th e world /a.r au nd
00 'wa .ld/
a rri ve (in I at ) Id' nuvl
as k th e w a y la :sk 0 ;) ' w C11
be o n (on e's) way Ibi on \ vCII
break the journey /brctk 0;) 'd33:nil
business trip "brzn ts tnpl
(go I t ravel) hy a ir /bar 'co(r)1
(go I t ravel) hy ra il / ba r 'retl/
(go I travel) hy sea IbaI 'si:!
ca tc h (u p With) I k,etJI
co ve r a dist an ce l, k,w :t( r ) :I 'drstcns/
(o n a) c ru ise Ikru:zJ
depart (fo rma t; Id l' pu:tl
drive rd ra rv/
fill up (wit h petrol ) If,l ' hpl
find (on e's) way Ifamd wc11
(t ake I catc h a) night /flan/
fly 1I1:u1
get a lift (illforll/al) Iget 0 '11ft!
ge t lost Iget 'lost!
give (sb) a lift (inton nai; Ig ,v 0 'Irft/
go I travel (by tra in I by plane I by
boat I by car I on foo t) Igoo I
'tnevl/
go on (a journey I a tour I a trip)
/qoo 001
have a (good I safe) tri p I jou rney
/luev ~ 'tnp I 'd;p :oil
h ead fo r I'hed fo(r)1
hitch-hike I' hIlJhall<l
hit ch-hiker l'hIlJhalko(r)1
hitch-hiking 1'I11tJha lkllJl
leave (for ) l li :vl
m ake fo r "mcik f~( r)1
meet (sb at t h e sta tio n I ai rpo rt)
Imi:t!
miss (a tra in I plane I flight ) / m ts/
mot o rw a y I' m ~ o t Jwc l!
pull up Ipo l "' pi
reach (one's) d estination Iri:tJ
dcst t'n er] o!
ride /ra td/
ride (a bike I a m otorbike I a ho rse I
a ca m el) / rard/
(m ain I m ino r) road Iroo dl
route lru:t!
run o u t of petrol I ,r,\ n ao t :IV
'pe trol/
see (sb ) off Isi: ' nfl
set off Iset 'of!
se t out (fo r) /set 'aotl
sh o w (sb) th e wa y 1.100 00 'we,1
speed up Ispi:d ' Al' l
sto p ove r Istop 'ouv;)(r)!
(get) stuc k in t raffic I,sthk 111
'trte frk/
take a sh o rt cu t z.tcrk o ' J~ : t k ,\t!
tour I' t o ~ ( r )/
traffi c "trtefrk/
(be i n a ) traffic jam I' tncflk d3reml
travel "tne vl/
trip /tn p/
voyage I'v:llldy
wa lk Iw.):kl
Tra vell in g abroad
(bel go I t rave l) abroad /a'b ro.d/
a irport tax I'CJp.:> :t trek s/
c ross the border I,kros ()o 'b:>:d:l(r)!
c us to ms (p i) "k.vstamz/
c us to m s office r "k.vstomz , o fJ s~ r )1
duty-free Idj u:ti'fri:1
exc ha nge office !Ik'stJclI1d3 ,0fIS!
ex p ire d (passpo rt) /rk'sparod/
foreign cu rre ncy /fo rcn 'ka rons i/
green ca rd (US) I'gri:n ku:dl
immigration office r /nm 'qrer] n
,0fJso(r)1
in valid (passpo rt) /m'viel rd/
WORD BA NK
155
p assp ort control
l,po:spJ:t
kan'trao l/
p erman en t visa l, p3:m:m:mt 'vi-za/
rene w (a passp ort) In 'nju:1
residen t I' rezld:mll
sec u rity check /sr'kjo s rati ,tJck!
tou rist visa "tusns t vi:z.11
va lid (pass po rt) I' v<ehdl
visa I'vI:Z;;#
At the airport' railway'
coach station
a ir line "eal am/
a rrival /a'ra tvl/
boa rd a p lan e / bord a 'pleml
bo arding ca rd "ba.dnj ko:dl
book (a tick et ' a sea t) I bokl
busin ess class "brznts klo:sl
ca b in c rew " ke bm krut/
c h a n ge (t rai ns) ItJcmd31
c h a rte r night I'tJo:to flau/
c h ec k in ( ver b ) /tjek ' 101
c h ec k-in desk I'tJekm deskl
(train) co m pa rt men t /kcm'punmant/
d epa rtu re Idl'po:tJo(r)1
depa rt ure lo u nge /di 'pc n] » .laundy
eco no my class /t'k nnami ,klo:sl
excess baggage c ha rge I,ekses
'b<egld3 ,tJo:d31
fa st t ra in I'fo:st t rc m/
fa re Ifeo(r)1
ga te Igcltl
ge t o n , o ff (t he train ' th e bu s)
Igct 'on 1 'ofl
h and lugga ge "hicnd IAg ld31
land /lend/
left-luggage office Ilcft 'h gld3 ,0flSl
lu gga ge (A mE baggage) l'L\gld31
lu gga ge trolle y I' IAgld3 ,trolil
passenger I'presmd3J(r)1
passe nger tra in I' p:.csmd3J trem/
rail wa y pl atform I'reilwcl pla -tform/
reserve (a ticket I a seat) In 'z3:vl
ru nway I'r,\ l1well
sc he d u led flight /jedjurld 'flan /
slee per (carriage ' ca r) I' sli:po(r)1
sui tcase " s u.tkersz
take o ff /terk 'o fl
terminal "taimmcl/
t h ro ug h t rai n I'Om: trcm/
ti ck et "n krt/
plan e / train ti c ket I'plcm I
'trem u kn/
m onthl y ti ck et I'm" nOli uku/
si ngle (A m£ one-way ) t icket
I'S1 Qgl ttkrt/
p eri od ticke t I' pldnJd ukn/
return t icket /n't a.n ukrt/
season ticket I'si:zn uk u/
t icket o ff ice " ukn oflsl
t imet able "ta tmterbl/
At a hotel
accommodation /akmna'detj n/
11&11 (bed a nd breakfast ) I ,bi: on
'b i:1
(fu ll / ha lf) board Ibo:dl
bo ok a ro om Ibo k J ' cu:ml
156
WORD BAN K
booked up Ibo kt '" pi
c ha m berm a id l'tIelmbomcldl
c h ec k in ' ou t /tjek m I aot l
e n -su ite l on' swi:tl
fu lly b ooked Ifuli 'bo kt/
gu est h ouse I'gest haus/
include (b reakfast) Im'klu:dl
liv e e n te rta in me n t I'l:.uv
gadget I' g:.ed 31t1
ge t a prize Igct J ' Pfi:1I1J
h eadph ones I'hedfdonzJ
h ea d set I'hedset!
lens (sillgular) /lcnz/
link IhQkl
m anu al I' m x nj u ~1I
m obile phone z. moo barl 'foon/
m oto r I' m Jot d(r )1
pl u g Ipl" gl
soc ke t "sokn/
st ra p Ist fi:c pl
t echnolog y /tek'n nladgi/
test tuhe I' tcst tju :bl
vcn (Vid eo cassette recorder) Ivi:
si: 'o:( r )/
wire I'walJ(c)!
cmajeuuna m /
lounge Ilaund:>/
m ake a reservation
I,mclk
,1
reza'verjn/
reception /rt'scpj n/
receptionist /rt'sepj ru st/
reserve a room /n.s a.v a ' r u:ml
(single I double I twi n ' fam ily)
ro om Ir u:mI
stay a t / in a hotel I,StCI at I m
,1
hco'tel/
su ite Iswi:tI
th ree-st ar hotel I,Ori: sto: hao'tel/
vacancy "verkonsi/
yo ut h hostel I'ju:O hnstal/
Going on holiday
be on a holida y I ,bi on , 'holodei/
bu y so uve n irs I,ba l SU:VJ'I1IJzJ
ca m p / kremp/
ca m psite I'krempsanl
ca ra va n "kteravien/
go (bac kpac king I wa lking I h ikin g I
cyc ling ' ca m p ing) Igool
go o n holiday /qoc O il 'h nlade t/
h a ve a holiday I,hrev ,1 'h nlade r/
h olida y reso rt "h otodcr n ,z:l:tl
h olida ymaker "h otodermerkatrj/
indi vidual holiday /mdt'vtdual
.h nlad er/
package holida y I'p<ekld3 holoder/
put up (a tent) Iput 'Apl
(h igh ' mid ' low) seaso n I' si:znl
se lf-ca te rin g holida y /sclf'kertamj
.h olader/
(do I go) sightseeing I's<t ltsi:II)1
take a holiday /tetk ,1 'hnladcr/
tent Itcntl
tourist "toarrst/
travel a ge n cy "t rtevl cld3:11lsil
travel a gen t " tre vl eld311 l1
visit tourist attra ctions 1,vlzlt
't uanst ct rzekj nz/
12 Science and
technology
Technology in our lives
aeria l I' c ~m ~ lI
a p p lia nce IJ'plaIJI1s!
battery I' bx t ~ ril
button l ' bAt nl
ca b le I'kelbll
c h a rge ItJo:d31
ch a rge r I' tJa:d3, (r )1
co n n ect io n /ka'nckjn/
di gital (watch) I'dl31l11
e lec t ro n ic /rlek't rnntk/
e ng ine l' end3ml
Sciences and scientists
a rc haeo logist 10:ki'olod3Istl
a rc haeo logy 10 :k i ' o lJd 3il
a rea of research l,cJn:l(r) J\' rt'san]"
biologist Ibal'ol.Jd3Isll
biology Ibal'0lod3il
c hem ist " kermst/
c hem ist ry "kermstri/
co m p u te r science /kcm. pj urta
'sara ns/
co n d uct (resea rch) / kan'd xk t/
d ev elopment /d t'velapm ant/
discover !<.iJs' k A v~( r )1
di scov er er I d l s' k AV;Jr:l( r )1
(ma ke a) discovery /d rs'k a vari/
e n g inee r lend31'11I;J(r)!
e nginee ring Icnd31'l1Ion l)l
(ca rry out I co n d uct I do I perform
a n ) ex pe rimen t /rks'pe nm ant/
(ch em ical' ma tbematica l ,
scie n t ific) fo rmu la I' fJ:mjd!.J!
ge ne t icis t Id3,J'netIslstl
ge ne t ics I d 3J'netI k sl
geulugist Id3i'olod31St!
geol ogy Id3i'olod3il
in vent /m'vent/
invention /m'venjn/
inventor /m'ventotrj/
in vestigate /rn'vesttqert/
linguist !' bl]9Wlstl
linguistics /lnjq'wr st tks/
m a thematician /rnrellama't tj n/
m athemati cs Iml.eOJ'ma:tlksl
p at ent (an inve n tio n) " pen om/
ph ysici st I' flzlslstl
ph ysics "frztks/
p olitical science /pahu kl 'sarans/
p sychol o gi st /sat'k clodjrst/
p syc h ol o gy Isa l'kolod3il
(ca rry out ' do , co nd uct I
undert ak e) research I n' s3:tfl
resea rcher In ' s3:tI ;)(r )1
research ins t it u te /rt'sait] .mstuju n/
research lahoratory /n'san]
lo.bnra tri/
sci e n t ific /saron'ufrk/
sci ent ifi c th eory IS<1101l ,1I flk 'OI Jri!
sc ie n tis t "sa rennst/
so cial scie n ces l,sooII 'S<1 I.JIlSlzJ
sociolog ist ISJoJi' oldd3Ist!
socio logy ISJuIi'ob d3i1
Wo rds in blue suggest ed for the HIghe r level
spe ci a lisa t io n /spejalat'zerj n/
speci a lise (in st h) "spejcla tz/
stat ist ica l d ata /sta.ns n kl 'derto/
sta t istics /sta't rst rks/
stud y l 'stAd il
su rvey I's3:veu
Computers
a p p licat io n /e pn 'kerj n/
CD- rea der Isi:'di:,ri:do(r)1
CD-ROM Isi:di:'roml
C D-w riter Isi:di:'rml;)(r)/
(d o uble-)cl ic k Ik likl
co m p u te r program /k om'pj un au-)
praoqnern/
co m p uter prog ramm er /kam. pj u.ta
'prJogra:mJ(r)1
co n fig ure Ik;)n'flgJ(r)1
co nfigu ration /kcnfr qa'rctj n/
c ras h Ik neII
customise I' kAst:lmarzJ
data I' den ;)1
d a ta ba se I'dCIl:lbelsl
d esktop (co m pu ter) "deskt op/
d o wn load (a file I da ta ) Idao n'loudl
fil e IfaIlI
flop py di sk /flnpi 'd rsk/
h ard d isk Iho:d 'drsk/
h ardwa re /'ho:dwc;)(r)/
install I m 'st ::J:11
IT (info rmatio n tec h nology) /ar 'ti:1
ke y Iki:1
ke ybo ard I' ki:bo:d/
laptop (computer) "heptop/
m emory "memari/
m enu I'mcnj u:/
m onitor I'monnJ(r)/
m o u se Imao sl
o pe n (a p rogram) I'JupJnl
PC (pe rso na l co m puter) /pi: 'si:/
portabl e I'po:lobll
p rin ter I' prmtJ{ r)/
RAM (Random Access Memory)
/nem/
ROM (Read -O nly Me m o ry) lroml
run (a program) I r An /
sca n n e r I'sk<cnJ(r)/
setup /' sctApl
soft wa re I'softwe:l(r)/
surf (the Intern et I the n et I th e web
I th e World Wide Web) ISJ:fl
too lb a r I't u:lbo:(r)1
be o u t of o rder
be p lay ing u p Utlforma/) /bi plcun
meteor l'mi:tIJ(r)1
m eteorite "min rcrau/
o rb it I' o:blll
o u te r s pace /a uta 'spers/
rocket I' ro k nJ
satellite z'se talau/
shoot ing sta r I'Ju:tIl) sto :( r )1
space /spets/
space shutt le I'SPCIS JAt l1
space sta ti o n I'SPCIS sterj n/
space tra ve l "spers tre vl/
spacec ra ft /'s perskrc.n'
spa ceship l 'spelsJlpl
s pacesu it "spcrsu-t/
the unive rse IQd 'j u:I1IV3:s1
UFO (u n ide n t ified fiyin g ob ject )
Ij u: ef ' Jol
voyage I'vJlld:y
'Apl
brea k d o wn /b rerk 'daon/
go dead (informal) /qao 'dedi
ou t o f o rder I,a o t :lv 'J:d:l(r)1
stop wo r ki ng I st o p 'w3:kll)/
Space
a lie n "ctlian/
as t ro n a u t l' <c s t r ~n J : tl
co rnet / 'k DIllIII
co u n td o w n "kao ntdao n/
ex t ra tc r rcs t rial I,ckstrate'restridll
laun ch Ib :ntII
la u nc h pad I'b :nlI p.cd/
Words in blue suggested for the Hig her level
WO RD BAN K
1S7
1 Family life
Reading
1
2
b
2 c
3 a
The mother, the father and their ch ildren.
You find th e information in line 2. Th e word 't his' in line 3 refers
back to it and con nects it to ' nuclear family' in line 4.
2 He spent all day at work.
You fin d t he in fo rmation in line 8, wit h lin e 7 int roducing the
'f ifty years ago' t ime frame.
3 She stayed at hom e to man age the house an d look after the
ch ildre n.
You fin d t he info rma tio n in lines 10 a nd 11.
4 Some people t h in k that the fami ly un it is dying because many
modern fam ilies live diffe rent ly from fi fty years ago.
The first sentence in the final pa ragrap h co n trasts the situa t ion
today with what we read about fi fty years ago in the previou s
pa ragraph, an d tells us what some people th ink abo ut th is
change.
S No . Many couples get married. but others do n 't .
There is a gap in t he sen tence (in line 15) where it should say
wh at some 'o ther' people do, bu t the lin kin g word ' but' tells us it
is th e opposite of wh at ' ma n y people' do.
6 Smalle r.
The last sentence tells us th at 't he size of t he average fam ily is
shri nki ng'.
TIP: Notice that the order of que stion s follows the orde r of
information in the text.
3 READING EXAM
I D
It cannot be H beca use 'when ' introduces t he first of two cla uses
that make up the sentence. Because o f t h is, the second cla use,
which starts with t he ga p, m ust have a main verb .
2 A
The verb ' is' tells us this is a passive sentence, so we need a pas t
par ticiple, but we don 't need to pu t ' is' again . The meaning o f t he
sentence decides whether t he cor rect a nswer shou ld be A, B or J.
3 K
Only two p h rases have a passive verb with an 'is', but only K has
the preposition, wh ich links t he phrase to 'a nuclea r family' after
the gap.
4 B
This continues describing t he nuclea r family, and on ly B is
sui ta ble for t h is fu nction. The prepositio n ' in ' is an other clue
which helps us choose t he right answer.
S G
This is a Simple Past sen te nce, so we need a Sim ple Past verb. J
cannot be correct becau se its meaning doesn't fit t he sentence.
The co llocatio n ' make decis io ns ' shou ld also be fam ilia r.
6
6 LISTENING EXAM
Th e recor d ing gives the following pieces of advice:
A We h ea r 'w hat you really need to assess is thei r mat u rity' as well
as t heir age.
E We hear ' ins tr uct them to a lways keep it in the ir school bag' ,
whe re th e pron oun 'it' refers to the house key.
F We hear 'le ave snacks that they can eat st raight away wit hout
having to cook - using th e cooker is t he leading cause of
accide nts'.
G We hear ' have a med ical kit a nd a fire extinguisher availa ble an d
teach your kids how to use th em ' .
We hea r' lock away ... alcoho lic dr in ks', w hic h gives the same
advice in different words.
~ 01
Use of English
7
J
Th is is th e o n ly answer th at is poss ible gram ma tically a nd th at
also makes sense .
2
7 E
We need a passive sen tence here in t he Present (E or K). K can not
be at t he en d of a sentence because it fin ishes wit h a preposition .
8 C
Only a noun or an -ing for m can fo llow the prep osition 'w it hout'.
9 I
Th e perso na l pro no un 'they' is needed to refer back to 'cou ples'.
D is not poss ible beca use of its mean ing.
10 F
The collocatio n 'get ma rried ' is a he lp ful clue .
Listening
4 1 A psycho logist.
2 To parents.
3 Five pieces of advice are mentioned in t he reco rd ing. You mu st
choose t hese out o f ID sen te nces (A-J ).
5 a
The clues that mig ht he lp yo u decide about t he to pic: ' no t to a nswe r
telephone calls ' (in B), 'open t he door' (in C), ' leave your children
alone' (in D), ' ho use key' (in E), 'u se t he cooker' (in F), 'a neighbour'
(in H) - which all suggest a ho me co ntext.
158
SMAR T ANSWER KEY
TRANSCRIPT
Radio presenter
Good afternoon and welcome to ou r programme, 'Family Tips' . Today
we' re talking abo ut the prob le ms pare nts have in decidi ng when their
children are old enough to stay at home by themselves for the three or
fou r hours between school and the time mo the rs ge t back from work. We
have with us in the stu dio, psychologist Alex Clarke.
Alex, at what age is it safe to give children the front door key and what
sort of things sho uld pa rents discuss with their children first to ensure
thei r safety?
Alex Clarke
It is ge nera lly accep ted that kids between ten and t hirteen are capab le of
taking care of themselves and the ir siblings, but what you really need to
assess is their mat urity. If you're co nfide nt they can follow instructions and
ha nd le emergencies, the next step is to establish some rules. Fi rst, have a
plan of act ion for the m to check in with you when they get ho me - it's
importa nt t hey ring you as soon as they get in. Then you shou ld give
the m a call when you leave work to go home. You should agree what to
do whe n the phone rings or if someone comes to the house. It is best to
teach them neve r to open the door to anyone, rega rdless of whether they
know them or not. Then, little by little, get your children used to a new
situat ion whe re they are left alone - initially for a very short time, say,
about 20 minutes. Make sure that you have a trial pe riod in which your
kids can familiarise themselves with using the house key. Instruct them to
always keep it in their school bag and attac h a long key chain that will
help the m to find the key easily. Make emergency numbers available by
leaving them nea r the phone. l eave snacks that they can eat straightaway
witho ut having to cook - using the cooker is the leading cause of
accident s. Show you r children where the medical kit and fire extinguishe rs
are and teach your children how to use the m. l ock away med icines and
alcoh olic drinks. And do n't forget to talk freq uently to your children about
all sorts of situat ions that might happen. You could even use role play as a
techn ique for showing the m how to dea l with such situations.
3
4
S
6
clean ing
We use 'e njoy' wit h -ing to talk about wha t we like doing.
've clea ned /have cleaned
Presen t Perfect: completed action with relevance to the ti me of
spea king ('already').
are clean ed
Presen t Simple passive (in plura l form) fo r ha bitua l act ion .
is cleaned
Presen t Simp le passive (in singu lar fo rm ) for habitual action.
was clea ni ng
Past Continuous for one act ion at t he tim e of another in the past .
will be cleaned
Future passive to express a stro ng prediction.
S 1 inven tio n
2 arr iva l
3 im proveme n t
4 pu blicat io n
S explanat io n
6 traine r
TIP: Memorise the different endin gs we can use to make nouns of
verbs.
9 Possible a nswe rs:
I If you believe in som et h ing, then t his is one of your beliefs.
2 The departure o f a t rain or plane is when it depa rts fro m th e
airpor t o r station.
3 Whe n people perform t hey give a performan ce, a nd thi s can be in
a t heatre, sports stadium, etc.
10 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I ha s changed
Present Perfect with a period of t ime that conttnues in the
present.
2 inven ti on
We need a noun after the defi nit e a rticle ' the'.
3 arriva l
We need a no un aft er the def in ite a rticle ' the '.
4 was
The sente nc e co ntinues t he ideas in th e previo us sen te nce, and so
it is t he same ten se: Past Sim p le.
5 are expected
Passive verb in plura l form. The prepc stno n 'by ' is a helpfu l d ue.
6 Improveme nt
A noun fo rm is needed afte r an ar ticle and a n adj ect ive.
19 Possible answers:
do the washing-up
polis h t he orna ments
clea n th e bath
water th e plants
do the hoovering
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP : You must follow the requ irements of the situa tion. Make sure
you talk a bo ut all the three points in the instructions.
As in the exam ple conve rsation in exercise 17, try to show your
feelings in the way you talk.
Picture~based
21
Writing
Writing an email
11
I Yes
2
3
4
5
6
No (not where)
Yes
Yes
No (no t w hen)
Yes
22 1 In
12 Possible answer:
4 on
memorise them as set phrases.
TIPS: You must include the four points you are told about. You can
TIP : You must make sure you include all the points listed in Exercise
1. You will lose marks if you miss this information out.
Pay attention to the word count: don't write too much or too little.
Don't try to include other information - for example, do n't descri be
what food you eat.
Writing an informal letter
3 T
3 as
23 SPEAKING EXAM
13 WRITING EXAM
2 F
2 to
TIP: These words usually appear toge ther, so it's a goo d idea to
I'm David and I'm from Budapest.. .
I do my homework after din ner, but I reall y don 't like doing it..
14 1 '1'
discussion
J If you have o lder brothers and siste rs, they can
~ you useful advice.
In finit ive witho ut 'to' aft er modal verbs.
2 In a big fam ily, you may ~ learn to be independent.
In English , adve rbs of frequency usua lly follow the auxiliary verb
and come befo re the ma in verb.
3 If yo ur fam ily is small , you'll probab ly have your own bedroom.
Thi s is a co nd it ional sente nce , so we need ' if'.
4 Your bro t he rs a nd sisters ca n play mth you whe n yo ur pare nts arc
busy.
Wrong pre position .
4 T
S F
6 F
7 T
15 Everybody t hinks, my siste r is very good-look ing. She has a hu ge
ward robe full cl clothes and she:S always well d ressed - but I th ink
she wears too Illl.ldl ma ke-up! U seems she 's/She seems 1.QJ8 q uite
popula r, ~ she has a wide circl e of frie nds. She's always eit he r
out with friends Q[ at ho me talking QD t he phone to them.
16 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must give all the information req uired :
say who you are desc ribing (for exam ple, ' my co usin Angela')
explain why you like him/ her
de scribe his/ her appearance
say wha t job/studies he/sh e does.
Try to take advantage of the oppo rtunities here:
• use a rang e of adjectives and adverbs in your description
• write complex sentences to explain the reasons.
Remem ber to write in an informal style.
talk about them in any order you want.
Of course, there are no right or wrong answers here : you just need to
explain you r ideas. Using the expressions from exe rcise 22 correctly
will help you to presen t you r ideas.
Higher level
Listening
1 I a
2
17 Possible answers:
1 He's going to clean he r windows.
2 They're going to mee t after school.
3 She's going to help h im with h is English hom ework .
. . 02 TRANSCRIPT
See Key to exercise 18.
3 b
4 b
5 a
6 b
lhlli.
S Angela' s always, tQld he r olde r sbter wha t she sho uld do.
6 Jo h n 's brot her's never s,tlld irc!at un ive rsity.
3 LISTENING EXAM
1 F
Because hi s parents ' moved down here when they decided t hat
th ey wa nted to start a family' - in ot her words, 10 have kid..: Jo hn
and hi s brot her.
Speaking
Situational role-play
2 a
John 's pa rent s come from lip north and moved
here .bf..fQ.u: he was born.
2 Ange la th in ks there are w me problems, in lobn ', fam Uy.
3 Angela's family are having a big party next month, ~
prefe r to do s,omet hing ehe.
4 John 's expec ted to join h is un cle's company, hut jI's, really bo ring
2 F
,
She asks him, 'do you get on well with your famil y?' , but she
doesn 't say whet her the family seem happy or not .
T
She say she 'ca n 't wait for t his party we' re havin g nex t mo nth .'
4
F
He is ex pec ted to wo rk th e re, but he says 'I t h ink it 's boring.'
5 T
She says her siste r has 'always helped me o ut by telli ng me what
to do .'
6 F
18 Agne ta I'm reall y pleased you ca n help me, Ma rk.
Mark That's OK. I know there's too mu ch ho usework for o ne person
to do. What will you want me to do ?
Agneta CQuld yeu clean the wind ows?
Mark QK. But I'm quite busy right now, Can we do it in t he eveni ng
perhaps?
Agneta I'm going to the cinema lat er? Are YQU free afte r school?
Mar k Yes, )'11 mt'!'t ye ll at ye m home afte r s,choo!
Agneta Fant asticl I mu st return t he favo ur. How call I help yo u?
Mar k CQu ld you 1)(' In me wit h my J:m:!js,h homewor J,;? It's really
d ifficu lt t h is week.
Agne ta 5..uIf..
John says t hat his brot her is ' away at u n iversity' whe re ' he has a
IQt of fu n'.
SMART AN SWER KEY
1S9
. , 03 TRANSCRIPT
Angela
I d on 't know y our fam ily very w ell, John . I gue ss I haven 't been to yo ur
hou se tha t of ten .
7 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 C
Th is ad verb is th e only o ne of the fou r optio ns tha t ca n ta ke thi s
posit ion in the sentenc e.
2 B
A complete beginne r is some one w ho is co m p letely a beginner, a
begin n er in all way s.
'ohn
No - you m ust com e round again soon, and have din ner. My pa rent s are
qui te fun . They come from up north, and th en th ey moved down here
3 A
The ph rasa l ver b ' fin d o ut' mea ns 'discover' or ' lea rn ' . No ne of
the other ch o ices here ca n be a ph rasal ve rb with 'out'.
when they decided tha t they wa nte d to sta rt a fa mily.
Angela
My fam ily have alw ays lived round here. It's full of my cousins! $0, d o you
g et on we ll wi th yo ur fam ily? You don 't t alk abo ut them as m uch as some
4 A
The ph rasa l verb 'set ou t' means 'begin' o r 'star t' , par tic ularly on a
journey o r process.
peo ple talk ab ou t their fami lies.
5 C
jotm
W he n some t hi ng h ap pens, the re are reasons 'why' it ha p pe ns; we
use ' why' w it h 'r easons'.
Oh yea h, they're fine. It's OK. They bo th work hard , so I do n't see them
so m uch .
6 D
Angela
A 'process' is a set or collecti o n or series or course of steps or
m o ve m ent s. You do t he se things in or de r to ach ieve a ce rta in
result.
7 D
' Bring' ha s th e basic m ean ing of ' take (so m et h ing) fro m t her e to
h ere', and so is the correct word fo r t h is situati o n, taking yo u
fro m no t knowi ng to kn owing peo ple.
Somet imes I w ish I saw a little less of min e! But in fact , I'm go in g to see
every body soo n. 1can't wa it for t his party we' re having next month.
Everyone 's com ing .
,ohn
That sounds like fun. I could do with som e fun .
Angela
Oh? Is somet hing the matter?
John
Well, it's just tha t I'm exp ec ted to follow trad itio n and jo in my uncle 's firm
w hen we finish schoo l, but I think it's bor ing. OK for a holiday jo b,
maybe, but that's enough...
Angela
Hm - what can yo u do? In th at kind of situatio n, I always ask my big
sister. She' s a lways help ed me o ut by telling me what to do.
John
Yeah, I wou ld ask my o lder brot her, but he 's away at university.
Angela
Better than being in your uncle's firm?
John
He says yo u have to study hard, but he has a lo t of fun too .
Angela
I be t .
Use of English
4 I and
2 bo t h
3 also
4 too
Sente nces I to 4 have t he same meani ng.
S t han
6 to
7 t han
Sen te nces 5-7 have t he sa me mean ing .
Reading
8 1
'Fath ers a re read y to parti c ipate in ta kin g ca re of ch ild ren' m ea ns the
sa me thing as ' fat he rs want to loo k after the ba by '. ('Baby' is used to
refe r to chil d ren in gen eral h ere.) The phrasa l ve rbs 'ta ke ca re' a nd
'loo k afte r' a re syn o nyms .
The ph rase 'yes, rea lly' is no rma lly used in spo ken English to ex press
sur prise.
9 READING EXAM
1 d
We read 'pa renting class es wo uld be a goo d way to give th em
m ore confidence aro un d the home' . Th e in formation in band c is
me ntio ned, but not in con nection wit h t he parenti ng classes. The
in fo rm at io n in a is n ot me ntioned, even though it fits the
co nte xt log ically.
2 b
We read 'h e sees his respons ibili ties as setting clea r lim its fo r
t hem an d being a ro le model' . In th is sense, 'a n exa mp le ' is a
synonym fo r 'a role m od el '. Sen te nce c is about a d ifferent typ e of
dad (En terta ine r Dad ). The text dearly co n trad icts bo th Cl a nd d.
3 b
We read ' Fu lly In vo lved Dads ad just t heir work arrangem en ts to
their partners' professional d uties'. The ot her a ns we rs all conta in
wo rds t hat a rc m ention ed in this paragraph , but the genera l
meani ng is d iffere nt .
4 a
S I so
2 Because /Since
3 why
Writi ng ' the reaso n ' is not a goo d a nswer h ere. 11 fit s t he
sentence, but the ta sk is to write o nly o ne word!
4 Due /Owing
Do n 't be tempte d to write 'Acco rd ing' becau se yo u see a gap a nd
'to' at the beg in n ing of t he sen te nce . Always m a ke sure t hat th e
word fits t he mean ing of the sentence.
5 Becaus e
6 t ha t
Thi s se ntence wo u ld a lso be co rrect if yo u left o ut 't hat'. Bu t t he
inst ru ct io ns say yo u m ust write o ne wo rd in each gap. If writing
no t hing in a ga p wa s accepta ble, the ins t ruc tions wo u ld say so!
6
2
3
4
5
6
160
br inging
The phrasa l verb
check
The phrasa l ver b
pull ed
The phrasa l ver b
fo und
The ph rasa l ve rb
ca rry
Th e ph rasa l ve rb
set
The ph rasa l ver b
mea ns 're lease '.
m ea ns 'leave a ho tel (aft er pay ing t he bill)'.
m ea ns 'wi th d raw'.
m ean s 'd isco ve r' .
m ean s 'com plete/fu lfil' .
m ean s 'start/leave'.
SMART ANSWER KEY
We read 'u nt il we have equal pay ... a nd more opportunities to
wor k fle xible hour s' followi ng on from 'fee l fully supported on ly
if e mp loyers t rea ted (a nd pa id) bo th sexes eq ually' . The ide a of
'wo rking fro m home' (se ntence b) is no t men t ioned in the
paragraph. Sen tences c and d on ly focus o n t he m o t her, bu t th e
m ain poin t j uue Melio r m akes is about giving eq ua l su ppor t to
bo th parents.
Writing
Writing an argumentative essay
10 Your own an swers.
11
1
2
3
4
5
co nsi derin g, a nswer
think, refer
reaso ns, eve r
look, imp ortance
fact ors , co n clusio n
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: l oo k carefully at the statement. It contains thr ee elements, and
you must com me nt on all thr ee.
Firstly. there is th e idea that the family used to be important in
society. You need to say wh ether yo u think this is true or not. You
must give reasons.
Secondly, th ere is the idea that th ing s have changed. You mu st say
what. if an yt hing, you think has changed. Vou must be clear, and
give examples.
Third ly, there is th e idea that th e fami ly is now less important than in
the past. You need to say wh ether you think th is is tru e or no t. You
must exp lain w hy or w hy not.
Consider the wo rd count. You have perh aps 70 or 80 words for each
of these th ree points, so you need to write several sentences for each
one. Make sure you have e nough ideas pre pared before you start
writing.
Write in a neutral or formal style.
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
13 You r o wn a nswe rs.
14 1 t he rest of
2 your o wn choice of
] th e first step towa rds
.. mo re than just
2 People and society
Reading
1 Possible answer:
About clo thes people wea r/t he way peo ple dress in the office.
2
b
The m ea ning of th e ph rase 'd id n' t suit her' in th is con tex t is
'd id n' t mat ch her sty le' . We wo uld say ' till' d ress d idn 't fit he r' if
the probl em was t he size (c). And she wou ld ha ve bou gh t the
dr ess if it had loo ked good on her, so a is wron g.
2 ,
Th e m ea nin g of 'unless' i... ' if not' . The condition of the
repl ace ment is the stamp, w hich is not me n tioned in e ither b or c.
3 1 c and False
We read 'she'd put on weight and she just couldn't do up t he Zip',
which mea ns t he dress wa... too tight. The problem he re is the stze
of the d ress t'dtdn't fit'), not the fact t hat Stella d id n't like the
dr ess. (See note in 2 .)
2 a an d True
we read abou t the gua rantee that you must re m em be r to ' have it
sta m ped', ot he rwise the radio can't be replaced . This is exac t ly
wh a t sent en ce a says.
4 READING EXAM
I E a nd True
We read 'clothes ... m ust always be dean '.
1S SPEAKING EXAM
2 D a nd False
You must pay attention to th e question in the task, about which is a
more important turning poi nt. If you just de scribe the pictures, you
will not get a good ma rk.
Explore ideas such as those in exercise H .
3
Debate
16
I h
2 c
] e
No t b! Different ly from other la ngu ages, 'primary' means ' mos t
important'. not 'fi rst'. Th is is a so-ca lled [atse (rimd.
4
..
f
5
Not cl! The same prepositio n (' in') is used, but t he meaning is
diffe rent.
5 g
6 ,
7 b
6
TIP : There is ofte n a very simple answer, so you do not always have
7
to try and find a mo re complicate d one.
H d
8
17 I first of all / firstly
2 leave ou t / d isregard
The m ea n ing o f the sentence ca n hel p yo u decide th e best a nswe r
here. Th e phrase 'even if' int roduces a cond itio n un der wh ich the
statement ' t h is is still a co mplicated issue' rem a ins true.
tG rammancally, 'look at ' / 'co nsider' would also be possible.)
3 look at / consider
.. moreover / in addition
If you read the two statements carefully, you see they are not
meant to contradict each other. Both say t hat many people pre fer
a caree r to sta rting or having a fa mily.
18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: Try to use at least thre e o r fo ur different argument s to support
your opinion - avoid repeat ing the same argument again and agai n.
If your partn er men tions something you didn't think of, try to
respond to the main point in his/h er argument. If yo u' re not sure
what they meant, ask them to clarify the ir op inion .
In this type of task, the comm unication shoul d go bo th ways - it's
not abo ut giving a lo ng presen tation on the to pic. The examiner
wants to know how you communicate with others, not how much
you can talk.
We read 'e m plo yees should know what is expected'. This is true of
t he wo rkplace dress code in a general sense, but there it doesn 't
say employers have to specify exactly what items of clothing a re
acceptable.
A an d True
We read 'some people arc com ing to work in out fits that resemb le
pyja mas'. Pyjamas are very Info rm al (peo ple sleep in them). In
the previou s sentence, t h is in fo rm at io n is in troduced with t he
ph rase 'ex tre me limits', sugges t ing th at t h is beha viour is unusual.
D and True
We read 'a client who mi gh t be o ffen ded by a mor e cas ual
ap proach ', which means they w o u ld n ot find it acceptabl e.
A and False
We read 'so me companies introduced the system ', bu t it is not
mentioned whether they make up the majority of businesses.
C and False
Wc read 'expert s differ in opinions'. There are only 'a few points
they ag ree on'.
B and True
We read about opponents of th e po licy that t hey ' pointed out
th a t casua l dress sty le m ight encourage casua l or sloppy work'.
C and Palsc
Th e text says 'ri pped and worn-looking jeans' a nd ' faded den im '
a re una cceptab le, bu t suggest... th at 'dark jea ns wit h a .. . blazer' is
fin e.
listening
S
Male /Fema le?
Age
He ight and
weigh t
Hai r
Other facial
feat ures
Clothes
Other
distinguishing
featu res
Person I
Person 2
male (a whit e
man)
in his for ties
fairly
overweig ht,
q uite short
cu rly, brown
broken nose,
moustache
torn blue jeans ,
baggy T-shirt
female (young
woman )
in her early twenties
ta ll (no
info rm at io n
abo ut her weight)
lo ng, wavy, blonde
(rather) lo ng nose
he 's got a tattoo
with the word
' Angela'
short black skirt,
black 'l-sh trt. leather
jacket , black boots
she 's attractive
(nothing specifically
mentioned)
6 LISTENING EXAM
I
2
3
..
5
6
7
8
in h is twenties (not fo rties)
t hi n (n ot overweight)
st raight (n ot cu rly) brow n hair
black (not blue) jeans
late (not early) twenties
tall a nd sli m (the recor d ing doesn't say that she's attractive)
red (not blonde) hair
whi te t rainers (not black boot...,
SMART ANSWER KEY
161
~ 04 TAPESCRIPT
Writing
Radio newsreader
Writing an informal letter
The police are looking for two suspects in connec tio n w ith the recent
10 I I thi n k bein g a tee nager today is very diffe re nt fro m when my
pare nts we re teenage rs.
bank robb ery in Reading . The first suspect is a white man in his twenties .
He is fairly th in, qui te short and he's go t straight, brown hair. He's go t a
broken nose and has a mou stache. When last seen, he wa s wearing to rn
black jeans and a baggy T-shirt. He's also got a tatt oo of a heart with the
' I t hin k' in t rod uces t he idea . The subjec t o f th e sente nce is the
fact of 'bein g a teen ager to day' (for me d wit h th e -illS fo rm ) wh ich
t akes t he sing ula r verb 'is'. After 'd ifferent' we nee d to use ' from'
wor d 'Angela' w ritten in it.
The pol ice are also looking fo r a yo ung woman her late twenties. She's tall
and slim - she's go t lon g, wavy, red hair. Her nose is rather long . When
last seen, she was wea ring a sho rt black skirt, black T-shirt, a leather jacket
and white tra iners.
2
3
Use of English
7
I possible
There would be an a rticle before the word if t he noun was t he
correct an swer.
2 corresponde nce
A nou n must follow the possessive ad jective 't he ir'.
3 pract ically
Th e word modifies 'e very', not a nou n, so a n ad ject ive cannot be
co rrect .
4 acco m pa nies
Th is is the verb for m to m a tch th e sub ject, 'h is assista n t' . Th e
other opt ion. 'co mpanies' is a pl ural no un , not th e third perso n
fo rm of a verb.
S cla rify
Th e st ruct ure 'would like to' must he foll owed by a verb.
6 character
Th e ad jective 'main' mo difies a noun .
7 depend
We need a verb afte r t he ad verb of frequ en cy 'o fte n' .
8 repor t
A ' reporter' is a person, a ' report' is a t h ing. Th e m eaning of th e
se nte nce decides wh ich no u n is co rrect.
4
S
6
11
will/ sh o uld /must
The modal verb goes wit h t he base fo rm o f t he verb ('be') to
express the o pin io n with 'be lieve'.
an
Th e in definite article 'a n' here becau se a vowel so un d follo ws in
th e next word, 'i mportant'.
om
S Possible answers:
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
acc usto m (ve rb), accustomed (adjective), custo mise (verb),
custom a ry (ad jective), custom a rily (adv erb), customer (noun) custom (noun)
fam ou s (ad jective), fame d (adjec tive), famously (adverb) - fa me
(no un)
ability (no un), u na ble (ad jective), ably (adverb), inability m o un j -.
able (ad jective)
co n fidence (nou n), confi de nt (adjec tive), confi dently (adve rb),
co n ftdent tal (adjective), co nfi de n tia lly (adve rb), co n fiden tiality
(noun) - confide (verb )
fam ilarity (noun), un famili ar (adjec ti ve), fa m ilia rise (ver b),
fam iliari sati o n (noun), fa milia rly (adverb) - familiar (ad ject ive)
iden tify (verb), ide nti fica tio n (no un), id entical (ad jecti ve),
iden t ically (adve rb), ident ifie r (no u n), identifia ble (adj ective) identi ty (noun)
explore (verb), ex plora tio n (nou n), explo ratory tadject tve) ex plore r (nou n)
refere nce (noun) - refer (verb)
2
3
4
S
6
TIP: Note and rem em ber th e different endings you ca n use to make
different part s of speec h.
9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 accusto med
Th e st ructure 'become exposed' suggests we need anothe r
ad jective he re.
2 fa mo us
Th e ad jective m od ifies ' peo ple'.
3 ability
Both the definite a rticle 't he' and the preposition 'o f' are clues
t ha t we need a noun form .
4 co n fide nt
We use an ad jective after 'fee l'.
S fam iliarise
The infi nit ive of the ver b m ust follo w the 't o'.
6 id en t ify
The infinit ive of th e ver b m ust fo llow the 'to' .
7 exp lore
The in fin itive o f th e verb m ust fo llow the 'to' .
8 refere nces
This is th e object of the verb 'explore', a nd the ar ticle 'the' a nd
t he preposition 'i n' a lso sugges t t h is should be a nou n . The plural
context ('so ngs') helps us decide th at we need a plural fo rm.
162
SMART ANSWER KEY
wh ich introdu ces the co ntrast with t he cla use 'when m y pa ren ts
were m y age'.
ln so me ways we have m o re freedom to day.
We have to star t with ' In some' becau se of the capital lett er. Then
we n eed th e sub ject 'we' followed by the ver b ' have' an d the
co m pleme nt 'more freedom', with 'today' co m ing aft erwards.
But in ot he r ways life is mo re co mplicated a nd d ifficu lt.
' Hut' introduces t he contrast. 'o t he r ways ' co m ple tes the ph rase
wit h ' in' . The verb 'is' is fo llo wed by the cont rast: 'more .. .',
[feel tha t paren ts to day put a lot of pressure on teenagers.
' I fee l' m ust come first (ther e a re no other ca pita l lette rs) a nd
't hat' links to the opi n ion . The pare nt s put th e press ure a nd th e
pressure goes on t he tee na gers, in th at order.
lt is no t po ssib le for eve ry tee na ger to be th e best.
Havin g sta rted wit h t he cap ital letter in ' It is', we need t he
ad jective 'poss ible', a nd t he n t he st ruct ure 'fo r
(some t hi ng/some body) + to + in finitive'.
Some times I feel I just need some space.
Wc have to start with 'So me ti mes I' because of t he ca pital letter.
Then we nee d a ver b nex t, an d in fact W l ' need to decid e wh ich
order t he two verbs shou ld come in . You 'fee t yOll need ', not yo u
' nee d yo u feel'. The last word is t he o bject 'space' , before which
' v'e say 'how m uch space': 'so me' .
6
Th ese da ys, man y peopl e live together ~
gctt tng married.
married one day.
I myself ho pe to
I ~ mee t the right person first.
[ho pe ['ll be as hap py in marriage as my paren ts ~~.
My co usi n wen t to wor k in Scotla nd and m arr ied a Scott ish
woma n .
Ma rriage de pe nds on high levels o f pa tience a nd understa nd ing.
I
[)
12
2
3
4
S
13
Th e possessive ad jective goes wit h th e plura l ' lives'. (Yo u co uld
a lso put 'pe op le's' h ere.)
is
Singular presen t sim ple th ird person of t he ve rb 'be'.
t hat /wh o
Relative pro noun to lin k t o the defining rela tive cla use .
of
Co mp letes the ph rase 'of co urse'.
with
Co mpletes th e ex pression 'to spend time wit h (som ebod y)'
to
Prefer is followed by 'to + ver b'.
th an
Co m ple te s th e str uct ure ' prefer to + verb + t ha n (something)'.
hi s
Possessive adjective.
wit h
Co m ple tes the ex press ion 'to spend time with (some body)'
in
Co m pletes the ex pression 'stay in tou ch wit h (somebody)' .
at
This is t he prepositio n for attendi ng un ive rsity.
m
2 A
3 B
4 C
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS : You mu st include the three content points listed. You co uld not
receive a pass mark if you missed o ne out.
Rememb er that you need to discuss the th ree points in re latio n to
your country. Your pe nt-lend is in the UK, so he/ she doesn't know
a bout your co unt ry: you have to explain everything clea rly.
Within a tot al of 200 wo rds, you sho uld write a bou t 60 or 70 wo rds
for each co nte nt poi nt: don 't start writing until you are sure you have
e nough ideas to do this.
Write in an informa l, friend ly style.
2 READING EXAM
Speaking
1 F
Th e ph rase ' th is cen t re of London 's cu ltural act ivity' refers back to
t he Royal Nat ional Thea t re, t he Nat ional Film Theat re and th e
Royal Festival Hall me n tioned in the p revious sen te nce .
2 C
Th e next sente nce foll ows on from th e previou s two sentences
descrihing the 'ca rdboa rd boxes' and each person 's ' m uch prized
space'.
Situational role-play
15 I B
16 I
2
J
-t
2 A
:\ D
-1 C
idea
suggestio n
int eresting
difficult
5 com plic ated
17 I
2
3
-1
5
3 A
The two things mentioned in thls sentence (jobs a nd homes) are
also me ntioned in th e sen tence be fore and after the ga p.
Co uld you explain a bit more?
How wou ld that work?
Could you say t hat agai n?
What sho uld we do aft er that?
Do yo u think that idea is best?
4 B
The p revious se ntence mention s the ad vice th e Bntt sti
go vern me nt is giving to people wh o wa nt to do nate to th e
ho me less. Th e sen te nce after th e gap starts with ' Anothe r way you
can help', which mea ns the missing sentence is about a way to
help th em , rat her than abo ut po litician s' o pin io n abo ut them (()J.
18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: There are no right or wrong answers or ideas here.
It' s im po rtant that you and your partne r listen to each oth er, and
5 E
share ideas. Use the language you have practised in the previous
exercises.
Make sure that you (an create que stion s based on note s. You could
practise now by w riting out full questio ns for each of the questions in
the no tes.
Picture-based discussion
19 1 name
S time
2 from
6 clo thes
3 li vin g
7 st ress
married
8 like
-1
This paragraph talks a bout TJ/(' /Jig
/ SSII ('
in deta il.
Listening
3
1 F 2A
3G
.In se 6 ft 7E 8B
(Some othe r co mbi natio ns are also poss ible, but th e abov e is t he
only way to use each word only on ce.)
TIP: Memorise these colloca tions, not just the words that ma ke up
the phrases.
20 Your ow n a nswers.
21
1 I th ink he) sta nd ing in a tra in statio n.
2 He obviously lili&:i skate boa rd ing.
:3 He's ~ like a typ ical busine ss man .
.I He's wearing loose, ~ clo thes.
S I guess that he's i! student.
6 I suppose I'd have mo re in common wit h th e yo unge r man .
22 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS : Make sure you do all that is requ ired . You are given four
que stion s abou t two peop le: that 's eight things to say.
Most importantly, you are asked to compa re and contrast the two
peo ple. You need to co mment abo ut each person for each qu estion ,
a nd then make a comparison or contrast between them .
Higher level
Reading
l
I e
We read 'At th e sout he rn end of Wat erloo Bridge .,. sta nd the
Royal Natio na l Th eatre, th e Nat ional Film Th eatr e a nd th e Royal
Festiva l Hall. ... They have beco me a mecca fo r the hom eless.'
(The word 'mecca' he re mea ns 'a place th at man y people visit for
a pa rticular reaso n' .)
2 f
We read ' a th eat re play d irected by the now fam ou s Oscar-winner
,.. Sam xten des'.
4 Your own a nswers.
S LISTENING EXAM
1 C
We hea r ' I know qu ite a lot about the views and manifestos of
vario us pa rties an d tr y to foll ow what's going on bo t h in t he
wor ld an d at home. So w hen 1 vote fo r peo p le to represent me, I
know wh at
doing',
2 B or C
3 C or B
We hea r ' I'm goi ng to vote in the general elect ion next year' an d
'when I vo te fo r people to represen t me, I know what I' m do ing',
-1 A o r C
5 C or A
We hear ' I' m int e rest ed in many aspects of polilica llife, cs pecla tly
int ernational relations a nd th e way human rights a re vio lat ed in
many co unt ries in Africa an d Asia' a nd ' I try to follow what 's
goi ng o n bo th in the world and at h ome' .
6 11 o r 0
7 nor H
We he ar 'Th ey seem to have no idea a bo ut how to rule th e
co untry ' and 'co m pletely uneducated people becomtng officials
and doing jobs they kno w no t hing about '
"m
8 A
We he a r 'I'm int erested in .. . int ernational rea tt ton s a nd ...
human rights .. , in man y countries in Asia ami Africa' and ' I
don 't pay attention to our local problems .'
3 d
We read 'The 1980 s saw an e no rmous inc rease ... man y
unemployed came to .,. especial ly Lond o n, wh ere jobs were easier
to fin d '.
4 a
We read 't here are arou nd 100 ,000 homeless peo p le'.
5 g
We read 'a no t her way you ca n help is to bu y a w py of Til e Big
Issue',
6 b
We read 'Tile Hig Issue is a success on many levels'.
7 c
We read ' Tile Hig Issue has become in te rnational'.
SMART ANSWER KEY
163
Writing
' " OS TRANSCRIPT
Ra dio p resenter
Hello everyone. In ou r prog ramme, 'The World Around Us', we've asked
Writing a student magazine article
8
I be
four teenagers from different co unt ries abou t their po litic al views. Here's
what they told us.
Speake r A
I'm in terested in m any aspect s of po litica l life, espec ially int ern atio nal
9
1 humour
2 int elligence
3 honesty
to face so many prob lems they just cannot cope with and, at the same
worth voting for.
Sp ea ke r 8
Well, what I dislike abo ut our politicians is that they co nstantly criticise
previous governments but they don't really do anyth ing to im prove the
situation. They seem to have no idea about how to rule t he country;
some of the rece nt regula tions are absurd. I can't see any political optio n
that would meet my expectations. I'm go ing to vote in the ge neral
electio n next year because I want to do what I can to red uce the num ber
of unsuitable politicians in Parliament. I'm no t very opt im istic, tho ugh .
Speaker (
Politics is important because it affects o ur life. If you want to be a
respo nsible citizen, it's your o bligation to participate in the po litical life of
your country. It's a chance to influence the decisions that are important.
Besides, if you don't do anything, you have no right to criticise anybo dy. I
have q uite strong political views. I read the papers and watch the news, I
know quite a lot about the views and ma nifestos of various part ies and try
to follow what's going on bot h in the wo rld and at home. So when I vote
for people to represe nt me, I know what I' m doing.
Speaker 0
If I cou ld vote, I'm not sure I would do it, because all the governme nts
we've had have disappointed me. It makes me feel ang ry and powerless
to see co mpletely uneduca te d peo ple becom ing officials and doing jobs
they know not hing about. What 's even wors e, most of th em are co rrupt.
They don't really ca re about the peo ple who chose them and the ir o nly
aim is to earn as much as possible.
Use of English
6
I
2
3
4
They are wa rm-hearted. open a nd frien dl y people.
St Patnck's Day, on 17 Marc h eve ry yea r.
The first St I'a trtck's Day Parad e was or gan ised in Boston in 1737 .
Most places where the Irish have em igrate d . Coun tries m en t io ned
in clud e Irela nd (Dublin), the UK (Lo ndon), t he USA (New York)
and Australia (Sydney).
5 It co m m em o ra tes a Ch ristian saint, but it is a celeb ratio n for a ll
Irish peo ple.
TIP : Notice tha t the qu estions follow th e orde r of the informat ion in
th e text .
7 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
l one / passport
You can repeat th e noun from the first half of the sentence, o r use
'one' to avoi d repe tition.
2 The
When we refe r to a group of people in genera l (t he rich, the
English, the hom eless), we u se ' the' to ma ke t he ad jective in to a
noun.
3 any
The structure ' m o re t ha n an y ot her' frequ ently occurs in
comparisons.
..J everybody / everyone
We need a subject here that takes a th ird person singu lar verb.
S are
Th e pa ssive form after the gap sugges ts th at we nee d th e verb 'be' .
Th e subject 'pa rades ' is plural.
6 it
This is the general subject 'it'.
7 or
The gap is befo re the last item in a list. It can not be 'and' because
the sentence is abo ut an yone cit y from t he places me ntioned, not
about a// of them .
8 Although
Th e firs t half of th e sentence de fines t he m eani ng of th e day in
one way, the second half gives a differ ent interpret at ion, wh ich
partly contradicts t he first half .
164
SMAR T ANSWER KEY
3 get
..J spend
5 have
wh ich you ca n use to desc ribe relationsh ips.
relations and the way hu man rights are violated in ma ny co unt ries in
Africa and Asia. I believe it's unfair the way people in the third wo rld have
time, all the economically developed coun tries become richer and riche r.
There's so much food wasted in one place and in anoth er peop le are
dying . I don't pay any attention to o ur loca l prob lems, all those con flicts
between variou s parti es. I don 't vote because the re is no political party
2 m a ke
TIP: These are useful collocations (wo rd that ofte n go together),
4 lo ya lty
S pati en ce
6 kindness
TIP: l ook at t he word endings in this e xe rcise after you've co mpleted
exercise 10, as we ll. Remember the various ways we can ma ke nouns
out of adjec tives.
10 1 honest
2 kind
3 intellige nt
..J patient
S loyal
6 hu morous
Th e adj ective 'h um o ro us' is sligh tly different fro m th e ot hers in
t h is exer cise . It's more commonly used to describe a sit uat ion o r a
story that we find amusing. We prefer usin g 'fun ny' to describe a
person who's am using and enterta in ing.
11 Your own an swer s.
12
2
3
4
S
As
Co mpletes t he expression 'a s far as I'm con cern ed /I know'
is
Singu lar of t he verb 'b e' .
who/that
Relat ive pronou n to link to th e 'peo ple' . This is a defini ng relative
cla use, so 't hat ' is possible as well as 'wh o' .
are
Plural of the verb ' be'.
why
Use 'why' wit h ' reaso n' or 'reason s'.
6 of
Completes t he phrase ' first of all '.
7 to
Completes t he phrase ' in order to '.
8 In
Completes t he phrase ' in addition '.
13 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: An art icle in a magazine is designed to be read by many
peo ple. They will choose to read it, and co ntinue reading to the end
of it if, and o nly if, they find it inte resting . Don 't write just abo ut
you rself and your friends - try to ma ke your ideas more genera lly
interesting.
Friends and friend ship are the subjects of many films and TV
progra m mes - you can think abo ut these to give you ideas.
Use different ways of presen ting your opinions - do n't just w rite ' I
th ink.. .' every time.
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
14 Your own answers.
TIP: There is no righ t or wrong answer he re. The po int is using th e
appro priate ph rases fo r speculating about th e girls in th e photo. Look
at the Speaking Bank on page 128 for a list of phrases you ca n use.
15 Possib le answer:
It's probably the description o f th e girl on t he left, the one wea ring a
da rk b lue to p wit h a red str ipe .
16 Your o wn a nswers.
17 1 seems
2 way
3 tell
4 expec t
S seem
6 poss ible
TIP: These are also useful phrases for specu lating, which yo u might
wa nt to mem orise.
18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: Try to re lax and take your time with this.
The fou r questions will ta ke you thro ugh in a logical o rde r.
Remem ber th at beca use there are four peo ple in the picture, you can
easily make compa risons and co nt rasts between them.
Use th e langu age you have prac tised in the previou s exercises.
Debate
19 Agr ee: That's right ! I I couldn't ag ree with you more. I Absolutely! /
My poi n t exac t ly. I
Disagree: I'm not sure th at's true. I Surely you do n't th in k that.. . I J
don 't see ho w/ wh y. I Actuall y, ...
Acce p t t hat t he other pe rso n 's righ t: I see you po int. 1 1 ca n go
a long wit h th at. / 1 ta ke your point.
Pers uade the ot her person that you're rig ht: Have you
considered .. .? I Do n't you agree?
And your ow n answers.
TIP: Practise differe nt ways of respo ndin g to the ot her perso n's
arg uments. Make lists of th e various phrases you can use.
20 SPEAKING EXAM
7 LISTENING EXAM
I We hear ' If you thi nk you are n ot o ne of t hose peo p le whose
bu yin g habits are influenced by adve rtise ments, yo u are m ost
probably m istake n'.
4 We h ear 'over th ree q uarters had n o problems ma tch ing the m ost
po pu lar de terge nt brands wit h t heir advertisin g slogans'.
S We h ea r 'The mu sic, th e sme lls, the a rra ngements of p rod ucts, t he
reductions, all have o ne goal ... to get as much money as possi ble
o ut of o ur pocket s' .
7 We he a r '94% of the peo ple ta kin g pa rt in th e survey adm itt ed
th ey buy betw een one and five th ings more than is really beyond
t he necessa ry, each t ime th ey visit a supermarket'.
9 We he ar 'never go shopping on an empty stomach ... you'll buy
to ns of un necessa ry foo d'.
TIP: This type of task often conta ins a very generalised state me nt
t hat's diff icult to agree with. This is intended to help yo u take a side.
Make sure you use a good variety of ph rases (from exercise 19 and
th e Speaking Bank on page 128) to react to your part ner's
arguments . Try to make clear a rguments to supp ort your o pinion,
an d avoid re peat ing yourse lf too much.
Don' t forget that this is not persona l, so don't get upset whe n your
partner keeps contradicting you.
3 Shops and services
Reading
1 a
The a rticle is about the cafes, a nd although it m enti on s both
un healthy food and the English breakfast, it doesn't te ll us about
these t hings in deta il.
2
b
Think about wha t the ima ge suggests. When so meone is on their
knees , it mea ns th ey have bee n defeated.
2 a
All the th ings me ntioned are foods.
3 b
The list of people that follows the phrase is a clue.
3 I +
2 3 +
Altho ugh t his is subjective. Som e people ma y not like having t oo
much choice.
4 +
5 But so me people m ay fin d crac ked lin oleum cha rm ing ly
old-fas hioned.
6 7 +
8 +
4 READING EXAM
I c
We read 'they are an essen tial part of life in th e UK, es pecia lly for
peopl e living in bigger cities'.
' " 06 TRANSCRIPT
If you think you a re no t o ne of those peo ple whose buying habits a re
influenced by adve rtisem en ts, you are most probably mistaken. The latest
survey made by The Consume rs' Federat io n shows wh at effect modern
adve rtising tech niqu es have on the decisions of supermarket customers.
150 peo ple were asked to fill in a short q uest ionna ire just as they we re
leaving a Tesco supe rmar ket after finishing their shopping.
Only 15% of the people adm it they buy th ings beca use they've seen
them advertised. The gre at majority insist they do not even wa tch
com mercials o n te levision. However, over three qua rters had no proble ms
mat ching the most popu lar detergent brands with the ir adve rtising
slogans. And over 60 % of the washing powder in the ir shopping tro lleys
belo nged to one of th e three most wide ly advertise d brands.
Most peop le do not rea lise that advertising aims not on ly at pe rsuading
them to buy a ce rta in brand . It's also all the techniques super ma rkets use
to make custo me rs buy mo re than they have actually planned . The mus ic,
th e sme lls, th e arrangeme nt of prod ucts, th e red uctio ns, all have one goal
- to get as much mo ney as possible out of our pockets. 94% of the
peopl e taking part in th e survey adm itted they buy betwee n one and five
th ings mo re than is really necessary, each time they visit a supe rmarket.
How to avoid spe nding too much? Here a re a few tips:
First of all, always make a sho pping list a nd stick to it, no matter what
special offe rs you com e acro ss.
Second ly, never go sho pping on an em pty sto mach - you' ll buy tons of
unn ecessary food.
It you really have to take child ren with you, ag ree in advance wh at one
th ing yo u'll buy th em an d do n't change you r mind later, when they get
tired or excited.
And, ab ove a ll, limit th e time spen t in sho ps to a n ab solute m inim um;
don 't treat shopping as a leisure-time activity.
Do we have any chan ce in the battle against the powerful advertisin g
ma chine? I doubt it. Most of us like spe nding time in supe rmar kets, even
if we don't rea lize it. It's become on e of ou r favou rite pastimes, something
like huntin g co mbined with a fa mily picnic.
Use of English
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I c
Th e collo catio n is 'success story'.
2 b
2 c
We read 'they usuall y have ... a huge m enu offering a wide
variety o f delig hts'.
3 b
We read 'In a typical greasy spo on, yo u will find people from all
wa lks of life' .
4 c
We read 'y ou have to be rea lly brave to eat it first t hing in th e
morning, becau se it is h uge' .
5 a
We read 'noth ing ca n beat the rea l thing' (not h ing ca n be bett er
tha n the real greasy spoon cafes). Thi s sen te nce su ms up th e
wri ter's opini o n, wh ich is ve ry positiv e.
Present Perfect wit h 'si nce'.
3 d
Th e colloc at io n is 'ru n a shop/business'.
Listening
5 The best sum ma ry is 2.
O nly o ne sen te nce men tio ns TV ad vert ising, and none of th em talk
about preventing adverti sin g from in flue n cin g o ur behaviour.
6 1 Band C
Sent en ce A uses similar wo rds, but the overall m eanin g is co m plete ly
diffe rent.
2 A an d n
Th is is more difficult because it suggests th at 'we' a re all 'shoppers'.
C is ve ry sim ilar in meaning, bu t it doesn't talk abo ut how t he fact
affec ts us whi le the ot he r sentences do.
3 A a nd C
Sentence B is the on ly one that m entions ad verti sing.
4 c
Th e meaning we need here is 'ma de a dec ision to do so me thi ng'.
5 b
We need an o b ject in the struct ure: find (somet h in g) + ad jective.
Whe n the ob ject is a who le cla use or sen te nce, we use 'it' to avo id
repeat ing all the informati o n.
6 d
The mea ni ng of the wor ds he lps us dec ide.
7 b
Th is sente nce in t roduces an argumen t wh ich co n tra dicts the ideas
in th e previo us sen te nce, so a lin king wo rd wit h a contrasti ng
me ani ng is neede d.
8 b
Th is is the only phrase of th e fo ur t hat can be used befo re the
ve rb.
SMART ANSWER KEY
16S
9
2
3
-l
S
6
7
B
rates (an cx tsttng co llocation ' success rate' that 's
actually wro ng in th is co n text)
wou ld grow (another form of th e verb 'grow' but not Prese nt
t'er fec n
ope rated (a synoll}'m of ' run' but it can o nly refer to mach iner y
or an orga nisation , not to a shop or busin ess)
settled (a syn o nym of ' resolved' but without the sugg esti on of an
action you deci ded to take)
thinks about it (similar mean ing , but doesn't fit the sentence
grammatically)
esti mated (different mean ing , but similar for m to 'estimable,
whic h is al so a wrong an swer )
by th e way (a link word , but not the right meaning)
an y mo re (the right meaning but cannot be used before the verb )
NOTE : In this task, the point is that the ext ra wrong answe rs have 10
be similar to the options a--d in one way or another.
Writing
Writing an argumentative essay
10 Possible answers:
IB 2 A 3A
6B
7 A
8B
16 A I need a new came ra batter y and some pnn tcr
paper.
B I expec t you 'll find everything will Low t' rfce Store .
C Here' s a € 20 not e - I ca n' t afford ~ than that.
D It wou ld be great il you went tom orrow morning.
E It's fur my cousin a nd his wife 's wedd ing ann iversa ry.
F I don 't use them very often, so t hey last me a lo ng time.
G I'm no t sure if it 's 7 or 8.
17 I 0
3 C
4 B
S G
6 E
7 F
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The requirements of the speaking task are both dear and
specific. You must include these in your discussion.
Your discussion will be much more interesting if you react to what
each other says. You can say that you also like something, or you can
be surprised by the cost of something. Maybe finding a suitable time
can be a little complicated.
See this as an opportunity to talk together, not a race to finish as
quickly as possible.
Picture·based di s cussion
4 A
9 R
S R
20 l e
12 Your O\·vn answers.
an
'Que stio n' needs the indefin ite art icle , a nd it needs to be 'a n'
because of the vowel sou nd of 'easy' afte r it.
4 nf
Completes the ex pression 't ime of (some t hing)'; he re th e 'great
change' is what characterises the time we a re living in .
is
Singu lar present simple of 'be', used in t he structu re 'be go ing to '
10 describe the future.
3d
21
Your own ideas.
22
I Unli ke
2 Co m pared to
be
' Have to ' is followe d by t he base form o f a verb. 'Be considered' is
passive .
2 It
English requires a sub ject for every sentence, even w he n It seems
to have little mean ing, as here.
no t
Th is is required to make th e mean ing negat ive.
:~ to
Th is completes the str uct ure 'way(s) to + verb'
eac h
Co mpletes 'each et he r'.
2b
-la
5c
Tip: Make sure that the sentences halves match grammatically as well
as logically.
11 Your own idea s.
13
2 A
18 Your ow n ideas.
3 If we consider
The issue o f
-l
TIP: These are useful phrases for comparing different ideas or images.
23 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You should use the structure for speaking provided by the
exam task. You have a list to follow, containing several thing s to
com pare/co ntrast in relation to the pictures.
There are many thing s that you ca n say a bout this subject. There are
no right or wrong answers. You have your own experiences which
you ca n make use of when spea king.
You could also refer to othe r kinds of shops as well as the ones shown
in the pictures here. This could suppo rt your ideas.
Try to use structures and phrases such as the ones in exercise 22 to
show whe n you are introdu cing a new part of your discussion .
Higher level
Reading
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS : First you need to decide how to respond to the statement. You
could agree with it, disagree with it, or make a mixed respo nse - for
example, you could accept that post offices are not necessary when
there is email etc, but you could say that they should stay open as a
community service.
Your introdu ction should briefly say what you are going to argue. The
paragraphs that follow should be a series of clear and logical step s.
You should write in a formal style.
You should link your argument5 dosely together. Make sure you have
some useful ways of doing this ready. Use language such as, 'There
are a number of reasons why .. .', 'When you conside r situations such
as.. .', ' Despite the fact that the Internet.. .', and so on .
Speaking
Situational role-play
15
166
I What t tme would you like me 10 go shopping fo r
yo u?
' Wh at tim e' is sim ila r to 'when'. Note the o rder of 'wou ld you like
me 10 ' in a qu estion .
2 what t hi ngs do you need me to get fo r you?
'Th ings' is th e sub ject of the sentence. Note the use of the
auxiliary 'do ' to fo rm q uest ions.
3 How m uch a re you prep ared to spend altoge t he r?
Note t he word order 'are yo u prepared ' for th e question form, anti
th e position o f ' altoget her' afte r t he ver b 'spe nd ' .
-I Whic h sho ps do you t h in k I sho uld go to?
Note th e use o f 'do ' and th e word o rde r for th e q uestio n fo rm .
S Wh en do es t he su perma rket shu t toda y?
Note t he use o f the aux iliary 'does' to form th e question .
6 Wh o arc you goi ng to give the prese nt to ?
Not e t he word order to fo rm t he ques tio n.
7 Why don 't yOll want th e la rger pack?
Not e t he use o f the negati ve aux iliary 'don't' to form t h is negauve
quest ion .
SM A RT A NSWE R KEY
1
I Fashion.
You find the information in line 3, in the first paragraph . This is
confirmed by the information in lin es 18-19, in the th ird
paragraph where the text mentions the ' retail-clo th ing indust ry'.
2 Bubble juniors (9- to i-t -year-old daught ers of japanese w ome n ).
You find the information in lin e 11, in the seco nd paragraph .
3 They are the only dynamic cu stomers left in the Japanese
economy.
You find the information in lin es 9.10, in th e second paragraph.
TIP: You should be able to find out what the general subject of an
article is from the first few paragraphs. These paragraphs introduce
the topic, while later paragraphs give further details or the writer's
(and others ') views.
2 READING EXAM
F
We read that 'bubble jun iors ' are ' the 9- to I-t-yea r old da ugh ters
of Ja pan ese women. Boys are not referred to as ' bubble jun iors'.
2 T
We read 'They are the potential t re ndsetters, like coll ege girls in
the 1980s a nd hig h-school gir ls in the 1990s'.
3 F
Wc read 'sales ... have shrunk by alm ost 10' )(1in t he last five
yea rs' .
4 T
We read 'Th ey don 't wa nt to wear w hat's in tile kids' sect ion.
Rather, t hey mix mature sty les with bright co lours ...' ,
5 T
We read 't he ta rget age group is shrin king'.
6 F
we read 'bubble mums, u nlike th ose o f ear ne r generations, are
com for tab le spen di ng a fortune on out fits' .
7 P
We read ' Nl cola . .. printed 1O,(XXJ copies of an issue', The art icle
doesn't say that it's something that happpens ever y month.
8 T
The sentence is a summary of the final paragraph .
Listening
3
Use of English
6 The best summary is c.
Newspapers oft en use short, effecti ve words in th eir titl es to grab
read ers ' attention. The verb ' h it' is used inst ead of ' ha vc a ne gative
impact on' .
7
I ~HT
2 June the 13t h
:I j un
S
6
7
8
; JGX
It (pro bab ly) contributed to the appearance of h oles in the ozon e
layer, inc reased po llution and ca used th e (po lar) ice ca ps to m elt.
2 2.6 kilog rams in 199 7, 2.2 kilog ra ms (or 1,000 cups) in 2002.
3 Co ffee, iced tea and healt hy dr ink alte rna tives, fo r exa m ple fruit
teas.
4- Tur key, t he UK and Ind ia.
F524
34 .49
04 75 8384
VBVW
TIP; If you made any mistakes in this exercise, now think about w hy
you made these mista kes. Which sounds or ty pes o f stress are d ifficult
for you?
TIP: The order of questions usually follows the order of informat ion
in the article .
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
~ 07
I
TRANSCRIPT
See Key to exercise 3 above.
2
4 Your own answers.
S LISTENING EXAM
I Bnwles
S beige
2 Heat h
3 BY) 7RX
-I travel bag
3
6 £2 4.99
7 calcu lator
4-
~ 08 TRANSCRIPT
5
Man
Go-World Home Delivery. How may I help you?
Woman
Oh, hello. I'd like to place an orde r.
Man
Certainly . I'll just take the det ails.
Woman
6
7
Right.
Man
Can I start by taking your name please?
Woman
Yes, it's Bowles, Iesska Bowles.
Man
rs that Iessica with a G or a J?
Woman
With a J. And then it's B·O-W-l-E-S.
M an
Fine. And your address...
Woman
It's num be r eightee n, Hea th Stree t, Byford . That's H· E·A-T-H.
Man
Good. And I need the post code.
Woman
Oh yes, of cou rse. It's B-Y- l , er, 7-R-X.
Man
R-X, thanks. Fine, right now, what was it you wanted to order?
Woman
Welt, I've been looking in the catalogue, and I'd like to get a travel bag.
Man
They'r e great quality, yes. And good value. They're available in a range of
colours.
Woman
Yes, an d I think it's the beige th at appeals most.
Man
Very nice. You've seen the price?
Woman
Yes, they're twenty-four po und s nine ty-nine pe nce each, or twenty-two
ninety -nine if you buy two.
8
been
This is a pa ssive verb in t he Present Perfect tense.
lot
Th e ph rase refers back to the fairly high co ns um pt io n figures in
t he previ ous sentence. Ot her synonymous ph rases cannot follow
th e ar ticle 'a'.
Apa rt
The collocation 'apart fro m ' m ea ns t he sa me th ing as 'bes ides',
which could also be used to intro d uce connected facts.
to I towards
The ph rasal ve rb is 'tu rn to ' or ' turn towards' to sugge st a change
in customers ' be haviour,
however I conversely
A linking word with a contrasting meaning Is ne ed ed here to say
that hot tea consumption is decreasing. but iced teas are
becoming mo re popula r.
such
Wc use 'such as ' to gin' a n exa mple here for ' he a lthy d rink
a lte rnatives' me nt ioned before t he ga p.
eve n
Ve ry o ften. 'eve n ' is used 10 reinforce ' though'.
fo r
The verb ' look for ' m eans 'sea rch' or 'see k'.
Writing
Writing a letter of co m p la in t
9 Your own idea s.
10
Alth ough our flight was delayed by three hours, we didn't receiv e
an explanation .
2 We were ext remely surprised beca use our hotel room was never
cleaned d ur ing our stay.
3 lt was very di sappointi ng th at t he gu ided tour of the his to ric city
ce n tre was ca nce lled.
4- We beca me te rribly tire d because we coul d hea r cars an d buses all
n igh t.
I A 2 C 3 D 4- B
11 WRITING EXAM
TIP: This kind of writing task require s yo u to use your imagination.
Don't be too imaginative - terrible problems on your holiday o n the
moon and S80 billion com pensation are fun ideas, but for the exam
yo u should be practical.
Think abo ut how you will me the 200-250 words . The fourth point is
probably goin g to be sho rter than the others.
For the third point, make sure you are d ea r about how you we re
affected. Don't just say ' I was very angry'; it's be tte r to say some th ing
about the late train meani ng you m issed your dinner at the hote l, so
had to go to a restau rant so you spent more money, etc .
Write in a forma l, business-like style.
Man
That's right.
Woman
Well, I only want on e.
Man
Fine. Now have yo u chosen your free gift? From the ones shown on page
twenty in the cata logue?
Woman
Oh yes, a diary or a calculator. I thi nk a calcu lator wo uld be useful.
Man
Good cho ice. OK, we ll, I'll pu t this straight thro ugh and then you sho uld
be ge tt ing th e .
SMAR T A NSWER KEY
167
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
12 Your own ide as.
13
ill my opinion, supermarkets offer an exce llent
range of dif feren t goods to choose from .
Th e phrase 'in (one's) o pin ion' is a useful one to
remem ber, when yOll have to talk about your
views.
2 I thi nk!!l.itl superma rkets h ave too many products on their
shelves.
3 What do I want with twen ty kinds of washi ng powder - I QD1x
~ I have only one wash ing machine.
The position of 'only' usua lly depe nds on what you want to
emphasise: before the verb, it refers to the whole statement, after
the verb, it refers to t he object ('one washing m ach ine'). In t h is
sentence, the re's no real difference in mean ing.
4 It's much bette r to have choice when you are shopping - the re are
so many delicious foods in the world a nd J don 't wa nt to m iss
any.
14 I Although
'Although ' is used to connect two co ntrasting ideas or facts, both
in complete sentences.
2 and
'And' lin ks two related th ings together.
3 because
'Because' is used when what comes after it gives the reason for
what co mes before it.
4 Despite
'Despite' is used to co nnect two contrasti ng ideas or fac ts, where
one of them is a noun ph rase a nd t he other is a co mp lete
sentence.
15 5PEAKING EXAM
TIP: In this situation, the exam task requi res you to prod uce a lot of
ideas . You should be able to do th is by looking at the picture and
thinking at t he same time. Then you will produce ideas like the list in
exercise 12.
Try to make use of other ideas as we ll as your own opin ions. For
example, although you may like supe rmarkets, you ca n say, 'many
people, especially older people, prefer to go to small, local shops
because they enjoy chatting to the people who wo rk the re.'
The question is about 't he cus tomer', and there are ma ny diffe rent
customers - use this fact to help you produce lots of ideas .
Debate
16
Your own a nswe rs.
Tip: Try to th ink of more than one way of completing each counterargument.
17 5PEAKING EXAM
TIP: First decide if you agree or disagree with the statement. Think of
your arguments - but don't fee l you have to use every one of them
before you finish. It's more important to respond ap propriately to
what you hea r than to persuade you r part ner that you're righ t.
Make sure you respond to every statement your partner ma kes, either
by saying you agree or using the phrases from exercise 16 o r the
Speaking Bank on page 128 to present counter-arg uments.
4 Home
Reading
1 B.
The helicopter is used to set the scene, but if you read the paragra ph
carefully, you find tha t it te lls us a lot more about t he way English
people live.
2
2 A
Key wo rds include: 'mislead' a nd 'confusing'.
3 C
We read 'The house numbers are ... camouflaged' (h idde n or
disguised) .
4
D
We read 'The ma nia for home Im provem en ts is massive'. Th e phrase
'nest bui lders' refers to peo ple who spend a lot of time a nd effor t
making thei r homes more comfortable to live in.
S
II
We read that DIY is 'an o pportunity to exercise our creat ive talents'.
Th e reference to 'artists' in the heading here is an exaggeration.
168
SMART ANSWER KEY
3
I Our neighbo urs
Third person plural noun to match the third perso n plural
pronoun .
2 t he house
It can not logica lly be 'the price', the o n ly other noun 'it' might
refer to.
3 She considered it the happiest period in her life.
Her happiness was the reason for he r buying a house.
4 READING EXAM
1 E
The phrase 't hese boxes' refers back to 'rows o f small boxes'
mentioned in the previous sentence.
2 A
Th e wor d 'its' refers back to 'a n Englis h hom e' mentioned in the
previo us sentence.
3 D
Th e m ean ing of the wo rd 'camouflaged' is explained in t he
missing sen tence.
4 F
Th e second part of t he m issing sentence refers forward to the
infor mation about t he English people's obsess ion with home
improvements in the next sentence.
S B
Th e statement before t he gap is commented o n in th e missing
sentence. Then the nex t sentence 'we see the arrangeme nt ... as
a n expression of our un ique personal taste' refers back to 'we like
to t h ink ' in sentence H.
Listening
5 Possible answers:
cannot be 1988 o r 2003, as the numbers are too large for
distances wit hin a count ry.
2 definitely cannot be 1988 or 2003, an d the speaker would not
likely to have been 38 or 68 when h is bro ther was born.
3 is probably 38 or 68, or maybe 20, but not less or more.
4 can o n ly be 2, 3 or 4 because people do n 't nor ma lly have 20
bedrooms o r mo re in their homes .
S can only be 1988 o r 2003 because it's about a year.
6 is probably 20 or 38, or maybe 68, but not less or more.
7 may be 2, 3 or 4 because the speaker is talking about a flat he
shared with other stu dents, not a ha lls of reside nce or hos te l.
6 L15TENING EXAM
I 20
2 3
3 68
4 2
5 1988
6 38
7 4
We he a r 'Five of us rented a flat in the city centre' but this
number includes the speaker, too.
~ 09
TRANSCRIPT
Whe n I was born, my parents were living in a house in a sma ll village
about 20 kilometres from the capital. I was three years old whe n my
brother was born and my parents decided that we needed a la rger home.
We first moved into a rented flat for fifteen months while the new block
of flats we we re going to move to was being completed. I don't think my
pare nts liked the rented flat because it was smaller than our old ho use.
We finally moved into the capita l at the beginning of 1988. Our flat
wasn't really large, only 68 sq uare metres, but there was eno ugh room for
two adults and two small boys. There we re two bedrooms, a cosy livingroom wit h a balco ny, a small bathroom and a kitchen, where we used to
have the fa mily mea ls, as well.
I started school the following September, and my brother went to
kindergarten. I still remember my first day at school. I eve n remember
that the re we re 38 students in my class - but of course I've long forgotten
most of thei r names by now.
We lived in the same flat all the time I was at school. I only moved house
again when I started un iversity in 2003 . I decided to study forestry so I
had to move to a town near the border. Rents were quite expensive, so I
decided to move into a shared flat. Fiveof us rente d a large flat in the city
cen tre, and sha red all the housework. I had the time of my life! I' m still
living in the same town, but I' m sharing with just one person now. It's
mo re comfortable bu t I often miss the big parties we used to have at the
ot her place.
Use of English
16 WRITING EXAM
TIP: The job of th is lette r is to answer the question s it asks. The
writer of the letter you received needs to know certain th ings, a nd it
is your responsibility to provide this information. You must tell yo ur
penfriend about:
places to visit
• act ivities to do
• food a nd dr ink to try.
You also need to respo nd to you r friend's comment that it is sad you
will be away.
Don't just list places, activities, food a nd d rink. Explain why yo u
recommend each thing.
Use a friendly and informal style.
7
piece of furniture
number o f ite ms
fireplace
1
1
1
1
c hes t of dr awers
bed
d ressing table
wickerwork chairs
Wilton car pet
2
I
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
b
We use ' lead ttnuo' or 'o pen to' whe n we refer to doo rs betwe en
rooms of the house .
2 d
On ly 'pass' can be used with ' to'. We use 'a mve wit h 'a t', a nd
'en ter' and ' reac h' Wit ho ut a preposit ion .
J b
Past Perfect is needed here to talk abo ut som eth ing tha t happened
before t he past event we a rc describing.
Speaking
4 b
18
Situational role-play
17
J D
2
B
3 C
4 A
TIP; The sentence halves must mat ch log ically as we ll as
gramma tically.
The adjec tive ' to w' can o n ly be used logically wit h 'ce iling ' .
S h
I A
There is ll O ve rb in B, but you always need one in a complete
sentence.
2 B
we are talking abo ut one o f the ot her th ree corners of the room
hut we don 't s<ly whi ch one.
6 ,
Th e ph rasa l verb ' make up ' means 'co nst itute' or 'for m ',
Th e adv e rb 'q uite' expresses how important it is. Although
'al most' has a similar meaning, we don 't normally use it with
sub jecti ve judgemen ts.
7 b
3 B
We need a nou n after the prepostnon 'in',
'Th in k' (in the sense of ' h ave a n opinion o n so m et hing') is a
stauve verb, an d ca n no t be used in t he Present Co nt inuo us.
(Whe n we do use thi s ten se with 't h in k', the ver b refe rs to t he
process of thinking.)
8 a
Th e phrasal verb ' take in ' m ean s 'o bse rve/exa mi ne care fully '.
Writing
4 B
Writing an email
9 I th ink th e best plan? in t.b..e. world is t he his to ric to wn o f Hury St
S A
We no rma lly use ' im po rta nce' wit h 'o f' a nd a noun.
well because it's where I ~
t here's a mar ket eve ry
from everywhere. Th e local people i l l friendly.
Ednumds. I know this to wn IT[)': /
l2w.n /
iQ
anurcm. It 's a beautiful town , a nd
week - visitors ~
'Fro m (somebody's) po in t of view' is a useful phrase for expressi ng
opi n ion. The other phrase correctly is ' in you r o pin ion', no t
' fro m ..
YO llT
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS ; You mu st talk abou t all the points on the list. Both you and
yo ur partner should expres s ideas a nd /o r opinions abo ut each o ne .
You must make sure that yo u get the timing right : you need to have
enough time to decide together which two points on the list are the
most important.
With seven points and two conclu sions, you need to wor k efficientl y.
Make co nnec tio ns qu ickly between each point and what it mea ns for
your pa rtn er and his/ he r family. What can or can't they do?
10 The text contains all the required info rma t io n exce pt th e seco nd
poi n t: the read er o f this text is not told wh ere Bury St Edrnunds is.
11
Your ow n ideas.
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must include all the information listed in the exam task.
You shou ld explain something about each po int; don't just state the
minimum fact in each case. Look at th ese examples: which do you
think is mo re inte resting for th e reader ?
It 's called Cambridge. or It 's called Cam bri dge, because it's where there ;s
o bridge over the River Cam.
It 's in England . or It's in the east of England, about an hour away from
Lond on.
I went there last year. or I spent a week there fast summer, visiting some
relativ es.
There are a fat of old building s. or There are man y examp les of historic
architeaure.
However, rem ember you on ly have a maximum of 50 words , so yo u
can' t expand on everything.
Writing an informal letter
13 Your ow n ideas.
14
Picture-based discussion
20
I
2
3
4
5
Qn.c plan' yOll really must visit is _ _ .
2
3
4
S
6
' Place', the sub ject, comes afte r 'o ne '. Note t hat 'really' comes
befo re 'must' whi ch comes befor e ti ll' verb 'visit' .
[also suggest going to _ _ .
No te the po sit ion of 'a lso'.
Ai...fill activities, I'm sure yo u' d e n joy _ _ .
' I'm sure' expresses th e spea ker's o pi n io n about wh at foll ow s:
'y o u 'd (wo uld) e n joy' .
A.u.!:.!.tb..tl lnr cr esttng th in g to do is _ _ 'Anothe r' mu st he a bo ut a ' th ing', a nd the adjective ' fu n ' must
come before the no u n it des cribes . The sub ject of t he sen te nce is
th e phrase 'another fun thing to do'.
W1.crl yo u feel hungry. do n 't forget to eat
_
Th is st ruct ure is used to give advtce or in st ruct io ns .
A d rin k yo u 'll love is called _ _ .
' Drin k' m ust COIll I? after 'a' as it's the only nou n that ca n be
co un table. "rc u'tllove' (= 'wh ic h yo u'lllove ' descr ibes the kind
o f drink it is.
6
7
of
Bo th ' ne ithe r' and 'e it her' ar e fo llowed by 'o f'.
than
Notice ' more' be fo re t he word 'gree n' before the gap: yo u often
need to look further t han t he ga p itsel f to get th e answer.
not
You need to th ink about th e m eaning of th e wh ol e sen te nce in
the context o f t he text to under stan d that thi s ha s a negative
m ean ing .
In
'In ' goes befor e ' fact'; ' in fact' ha s a sim ila r m ea ning to 'actually'.
is
'Is' with 'd isappea ring' for ms t he prese nt co ntin uo us, used here
fo r so me t hing th at is ha ppen ing as we speak.
to
Co m pletes t he structure 'co n tin U t' to + ver b' .
In
' In' goes befor e 'additio n'; ' in add ition' has a sim ila r m ea n in g to
'additio na lly' .
8 on
Note th e passive here, ' to be built'. You need to follow the word
o rde r in th e sente nce to see th at th e land is built 'o n ' - yo u build
on land.
21 Your O\·vn ideas.
22 You r own Ideas .
15 You r o w n an swer s.
SM ART ANSWER KEY
169
23
2
3
4
S
lives
Wc use a third perso n singular noun with 'somebody'.
prefer
To express our likes, we can use 'prefer' wit h an infi nitive with
' to '.
tir ed
Th e structure 'tired of' usu all y refe rs to a situation that we find
an noying.
find
Th e verb ' find' oft en go es together with ' peace and qui et'.
look ing
We use an -ing form afte r 'e n joy' .
S LISTENING EXAM
1 T
We hear 'yo ur nearest neighbours a re over lOO kilom etre s away'.
2 F
We hea r ' some peop le are lucky enough to have email a nd the
Inte rnet but many do not even ha ve a tel ep hone line'.
3 F
We hear 'doctors fly to an e mergen cy in a small aerop lane or
helicopter'.
4 T
We hea r 't hey can arrive at any place within n inety minutes'.
5 F
We hear 't he re arc t hir teen flying do ctor bases' .
24 SPEAKING EXAM
6
TIPS : The four questions in the exa m task provide a clear structure
for you to follow. Make sure that you use the m to help you org anise
appropriate points about the pictures .
The questions cha nge in focus.
The first one asks you to relate one of the pictures to your own life.
You should say something like, 'This pict ure is more similar to where I
live beca use I live in a large city and t his city centre scene is more
familiar to me . It's the kind of place where I sit with my friends,
enjoying ... '
The second and third questions, however, are more ge neral. Do no t
talk only abo ut you r own life here . Say general th ings about life in
the city and countrysid e.
The last que stion asks for your own op inion. The q uestion isn't about
where you spend your holidays, but about where you would prefer to
spend your holidays.
Higher level
Reading
1 Th e answe r is b.
The word 'co nve rted' suggests a ch ange in th e fu ncti o n of the
build ing that st udents live in . The other a nswers all contain key
words from th e title, but th e overall meaning is quite different .
2 READING EXAM
l A
We read 'There is no heating syst em, no centra l cool ing system,
no residential garbage se rvice, no mail service ami no pa rking' .
2 C
We read ' It's the ver y first apartment building bui lt in Tucson'.
3 [)
We read 'C astle Apa rt me nts . . was a ho spita l, t ube rculosts
santtartum , nursing ho m e
4 A
We read 'The open architecture allowed th e room- mat es to host
parti es wit h up to 600 peopl e'.
5 [)
We read 'The building ... has t h irty- two apart me nts'. (A: ' Lauren
Ilen z ami he r four room -mates live in Studio Apartments'; B: 'the
building was divided in to four separate apartments'; C: 'The
hi storic building h as seventeen uni ts in it '.)
6 11
We read ' Residents have come out o f t heir bedrooms to find
eld erly men ... looking for electrical supplies' .
7 A
We read 'Th eir loft-st yle apartment ... h as been ... a recording
stud io'.
8 11
We read 't he building was divided into four separate apa rt ments
two years ago'.
9
J)
We read 'She 's so cool. what other landlord would let you put
holes in ceme nt walls?'
Listening
3 1 b
Only three sentences (3, 4 and S) talk about do ctors, and none of
th e ment ion th e Int ernet .
2 ,
Sentences 1, 4 and 6 make it d ear t hat 't h e outback' is a plac e.
4
170
Likely topi cs: Med ical care, Educat ion , Distances between people.
Doctor s are mentioned in sen te nces 3, 4 and 5. Sent ence 6 is abo ut
ch ild ren go ing to school. Se ntence I mentions how fa r peopl e live
from th eir neigh bours.
SM A RT AN SW ER KEY
r
We hear 'som e kid s go to boardin g schoo l' .
7 T
We hea r 'most outback child ren use t hei r two-way radi os to listen
to their teachers' and 'others have their lesson s sen t by post' .
' " 10 TRANSCRIPT
Welcome to 'Our Neighbou rhoo d', the programme that looks at different
places and conditions that people live in. Today we're visiting th e
outback, a distant part of Australia far from the main population centres .
Imagine you're living on a farm and your nearest neighbours are over 100
kilometres away. It certa inly is very lonely and isolated. And this is how it
feels for many people living on farms in the outback of Australia, far away
from the cities and towns. Some people are lucky enough to have e-mail
and the Inte rnet but many do not even have a telephone line. Everyone
has a two-way radio. You can listen as well as talk into it, and it is the
most important means of contact with other people.
Whe n someone needs a doctor urgently, they use their two-way radio to
contact The Flying Doctors . That's a special medica l service that covers six
million square kilometres of Australia. The doc tors fly to an emergency in
a small aeroplane or helicopte r and they say they can arrive at any place
within ninety minutes . The re are thirtee n flying doctor bases in Australia
with thirty-eight aeroplanes and helicopte rs. They visit 150,000 peo ple
every year.
Another problem to solve is education. How do you go to school when
you're livi ng five hundred kilometres from the nea rest one? Some kids go
to boar ding schools, others have their lessons sent by post. But most
outback children use th eir two-way radios twice a day to liste n to the ir
teache rs and to communicate with them and with other outbac k
students.
(Destination; Australia, Surviving in th e Out back, Crown 1, 1999.
© Mary Glasgow Magazines/Schola stic. Reprint ed by pe rmission of Mary
Glasgow Magazines .)
Use of English
6 1 A is cor rect.
B I get on th e bus w++H- just outside my hous e.
Th e phrasal verb 'get on with ' means 'to have a
friendly or good relat ionship with' someone .
2 A My aunt grows *r her ow n vegetables.
B is co rrect.
Th e phra sal verb 'grow up' means ' become
older or adu lt or more mature as a person ' and
is intransiti ve.
3 A I en joy wat ch ing football, bu t I am no goo d
at playin g it.
B is correct.
'It' is a pron ou n, and so rep laces a no un where
ne cessa ry - as in ' play ing it' - bu t isn 't used as well as
t he noun.
4 A is correct.
B Although I like how he l oo ks~, I think he's
very bo ring to ta lk to.
The q uest ion , 'What does he look like?' do esn 't
usually need ' like' in the an swer. Don 't get confused
with the ot her use: ' ~v//{) does he look like?' ' He looks
like his brot her.' - meaning that h e has a sim ila r
appearance to his broth er's app ea rance.
S A My au nt ~ is my favourite relati ve an d her
cooking is fantasti c.
B is corr ect.
You don't nee d ' who' here; th ese are two sim ple
sta te ments con ne cted by 'an d' .
*
7
I
2
3
4
S
The population of the USA is 250 m illion.
The most int eresting perso n I know is - my friend Tcm as.
- Peopl e a re t he sam e all over the world.
- Pollut ion is t h reat en ing th e fut ure of the ea rt h .
I love - life and I love being in - love .
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
o -'
00 up
The phrasal verb 'use up' mean s 'use all o f it', whic h is not the
mea ning here.
th er e
There is no place in th e previous sentence th at ' there' could refer to.
2 the
'Peo ple' is used here in the gen eral sen se, so we don 't need the
definite article,
:3 to
Th e verb 'start' can be used with an infinitive a nd ' to' and wit h an .
illS form . but we can' , use 'to' befor e the -ing fo rm.
.
-'
5 in
The sentence refers to pictures of Greek tem p les. to co nt inue the
example.
6 -'
7 it
Th e subject of the se ntence, 'The invent ion o f glass' is t he re, so
t he re's no need for a pronoun to replace it .
H but
The sec-ond part of th e sen tence ex plains th e importance of th e
inve n tion of glass. There's nothing we need to co nt rast it With, usin g
' hut'.
9 so
The passive verb form here is 'are be ing used' (presen t Con tin uous
passive).
10 for
The expression is 'Let's wait and see!'
Writing
Writing a student magazine article
9
Your own ideas.
10 Your own ideas.
11 Your own ideas.
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must write abo ut all of the four listed aspects in your
article. Ifyou miss one out, you will lose marks.
Think carefully about the function of what you need to write for the
article.
For the first point, you describe the situation.
For the second, you evaluate.
For the third, you suggest or recommend.
For the fourth, you predict or speculate.
Make sure you use app ropriate structures and expressions for each
function.
Remember that this is an article for a student magazine - try to write
in a lively, entertaining style. Don 't produce a dry report.
Speaking
Statistics-based discussion
13 Possible answers:
1 \ Iy city has a much smaller population than Lo ndon .
2 The temperature this month is sligh tly hotter than last month.
J My Eng lish ho mework ta kes me a lot longer to do t han my Math s
homework does.
4 My last holida y was a disaster - but I really hop e my next holiday
will be fun .
TIP: There is more than one way of comparing things. You can use
co mparative adjectives (for example, smaller, hott er) or you can use
co ntrasting sentences, like sentence 4 above.
14
surprised
People are su rpr ised by th ings. Also see t he no te for S below.
2 39%
The information comes from the table.
3 seems
Vou need a third person singula r verb afte r 'it'.
4 suppose
You need t he main ve rb here after '1'.
5 sur prising
Th ings arc sur prtstng for people. Atso see the note for I above.
6 67 %
The inform ation co mes from th e table.
7 stranges t
You need an adj ect ive to say what kind of 't hi ng' yo u're tal king
about.
H 10
The in format ion comes from the table.
1S SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: Remember that this isn't a Maths test. The informat ion in the
tab le is there in orde r to enable you to speak, not to frighten you.
You're not being tested on your general knowledge. If you don't
know the actual facts for the first question, it doesn't matt er - notice
the words 'you th ink' in the q uestion. Youcan say, ' I really do n't
know how these statistics compare, but I imagine that it's much ... .'
The third question gives yo u the opportunity to use your
imagination. For exampl e, perhaps the fact that more wom en have
jobs now in the US than in 199 5 is importa nt.
Debate
16 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: You're probably going to argue ag ainst the statement, which
reflects an old-fashioned view of families. Nonetheless, try to think of
arguments f2r the sta temen t as well, so you're better prep ared for
respon ding to these.
While you're doing the task, make sure you refer back to the
statistical informat ion in exercise 15 to sup port your arguments.
It may also be a good idea to contrast this information abou t the
present with wha t you know about the situation in the past.
5 Nature
Reading
1 Possible answers:
colouration: the natural co lours and pattern.. of an animal (or plant)
matriarcha l: dominated by females/ the mothers
range: vary betwee n two stzes
cubs: you ng bears, baby bears
lifespa n: the number of years an an imal is expected to live
Jay: prod uce eggs
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ID
They arc abso lutely beautiful . They ha ve a very
dist incti ve black-and -wh ite cclo u ratton.
Killer whales live alon g Hriti..h Colum bia's coa..tune.
Th ey always travel in gro ups of 5-30 called pods. The whales live
and t ravel wi t h t he ir moth ers ..; form ing st rongly mat riarcha l
wha le societies.
Killer whales are very successful hun ters due to their cocperanve
hunting, where all anima ls within the pod pa rticipate.
Adult male black bea rs range from about 130 to 190 centimetres
in length and 60 to 300 kilograms in weight .
The bears are genera lly vegetarian. Their diet consists of roots,
berries, nu ts, fish, Insect s and sometimes other an imals.
Cubs rema in wit h their mothers for a year and a half. Except for
fema les wit h cubs, black be a r.. spe nd mos t o f t hei r time alon e.
They fly sout h for th e wi nter in search of warme r climat es.
Ca nada geese have very st ro ng famil y relations . Fam ilies stay
together until the tim e comes to retu rn to the breed ing a reas.
The policy has result ed in an over pop ula tio n of t he bird s.
TIP: In this type of task, the questions follow the orde r of the
informa tion in the text.
3 READING EXAM
I A
We read 'Killer wha les ... can live for about fifty to eigh ty years.'
The life expectancy for black (and rare wh ite) hears is twenty to
twent y-five yea rs. Th e lifespan of Canada geese ranges from
twent y to thirty years.
2 B
Wc read 'so me black bears.. , produce beautifulbea rs tha t are
wh ite in co lou r'. Killer wha les are all black-an d-whit e, th ey don 't
occ ur in two !.I.ifffrfn.l varieties.
3 C
We read 'Ca nada geese ... reprod uce ... every sptng'. Killer whales
'give birth every three to ten rears'. Black bears 'can gfve birth ...
every two years'.
• B
We read 'b lack bears spend most of thei r lime alone'. Killers
whales 'never sepa rate', and Canada geese 'have ve ry ..trong
family relations'.
5 A
We read 'They are not co nside red endangered'. About the black
bears, we read 't here is a law that prevents peo ple from hu n tin g
the bea rs'. It is illegal to harm t he Canada geese in any way.
6 C
We read ' it is not un comm on to see a fam ily of Cana da geese
walk ing aro un d on a hig hway'.
You may have read elsew he re that hu ngry black bears sometimes
search for food in rubbish bins on t he edge o f towns. Because the
text doesn't mention th is, B is not a correc t answer here'
SMART ANSWER KEY
171
Listening
10 1 glo ba l (the right m ean in g, but not an adverb)
2 wh at (cannot be used to co nnect a relat ive clau se)
3 un iqu e (sim ilar meaning, but not the sa me)
4 the logic of (similar to b, which is also a wrong answer; it can not
be fo llowed by a clause on ly a nou n phrase)
5 im pressively (sim ilar form, but t he wrong mean ing)
6 around (t he prepositio n doesn't fit the text logically)
7 than (we use 't han' to co m pa re th ings that are different)
8 m or e (it wo u ld only be co rrect be fore a m easur em e nt as 'more
tha n' )
4IS 1 Same.
2 Same.
3 Differen t:
Roo ms in the hotel cos t i!1.killi $10 0.
b Th e h o tel ch a rges n o mOTe t ha n $100 per roo m .
.. Di fferent:
a
:iu.Iru: nights still have seats ava ilab le.
b Th ere a re st ill seats ava ilab le o n all flig hts.
6
changed
The other two words mean 'ended'.
2 known
The ot her two words mean 'known or believed before'.
3 m ild
Writing
Writing a leaflet
11 1 what
The other two wor ds mean t he 'te m peratu re is low '.
4 m ain
The other two wor ds mean ' hard' or 'ext reme',
2
5 differen t
The other two words m ean 'different in a positive way'.
3
7 LISTENING EXAM
Nort hern region
snow ex pected in the afternoon
strong winds t hroughout t h e da y
some tra ins ~ aft er 10 p.m.
Southern regi on
light rai n t hroughout th e day
te m peratures be tween IDee and 12°C
cold wind blowi ng fro m the ~
~ 11
TRANSCRIPT
We' ll beg in the forecast w ith the nort hern region. Here, I'm afraid to say,
condit ions won't be part icularly pleasant. There's go ing to be some snow,
and that's predicted for the aftern oon . To add to the sense of cold, t bere' Il
also be strong winds blowing a ll day. In fact, the train co mpa ny has
warne d that there cou ld be delays to trains later in the eve ning,
part icularly afte r ten o'clock. Turning to the sout he rn reg ion, thing s are
looking a litt le better. However, it will be raining all day, alth ough on ly
gently. Unlike th e maximu m tem perat ure of te n degr ees in the north ern
region, down here in the sout h I think we wo n't see less than t hat, and
ho pefu lly it' ll reach twe lve. But I don 't think it can go above that, beca use
there'lI be q uite a ha rd wind coming through from th e west. Looking
ahead to the next few days, however, the re's likely to be ...
Use of English
8 Class of animal : primate
Lives in : Borneo, in Asia, in t he tro pica l forests
Typical co lo ur: red
Mea ning of name: Man of th e Forest
Behavioural characte ristics: gentle, curious, pla yful
Favourite food : fruits, pla nts, insects
Weight a nd size toddler: t he same size as a human baby
adult : 90 kilograms
9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 c
Th e a nswe r ca n not be b because we need an adverb here. The
mea ning of 'eve ryw he re' in Cl wo uld con tradict ' most zoos' (no t
'a ll zoos').
2 c
This is a non-defining relati ve clause, where we use 'w h ich' after a
co m m a.
3 c
The meaning we n eed h ere is 't here are no ot her great apes in
Asia'.
4 c
Only 'w hy' fit s the sentence be fore a cla use. A noun ph rase wou ld
have to follow 't he reason for ' .
S a
The mea ning of t he adverb deci des here: ' invariab ly' would mean
'wit hout exceptio n' a nd 'im poss ibly' wo uld mean ' it can not be'.
What we need is 's urp rising but tr ue' .
6
a
The ot her prepositions don 't fit t he text logically.
7 h
When we compare two very similar or iden t ical thi ngs, we use
'as '.
R ,
we don't use 'totally' befor e me as ureme nts (this is often a false
[nend for foreig n speakers of Engl ish ). We don't use 'heavy' afte r
'we igh', which expresses m o re or less exac t weig ht.
172
SMART ANSWER KEY
4
5
6
12
1
This relative pron o un is required to link the ve rb and t he
complement.
in
Com pletes th e ph rase 'in fact'.
w ith
Th is prepositi on is needed to show t he two thi ngs (paper and
bottles) are co n nec ted to eac h other.
durin g/i n
Th e prepositio n 'd uring' means all t hrough a period of tim e; 'in'
is also poss ible, a lth o ugh its meaning is less em p hatic.
th e
Completes t he expression 'round the co rner', which m eans 'v ery
close by'.
not
You need to t hink about the overall meani ng here to see th at a
negat ive co nt rast is required .
petrol
2 exerc ise
3 trees
4 poll ut ion
The gra mmar st ructure used is the first conditional.
13 WRITING EXAM
TIPS : There are three content points that your leaflet must include,
and these are clearly listed for you in the task. If you miss o ne out, or
jf you do n't give enough info rma tion about it, you will lose ma rks.
Remember tha t this leaflet is for everybody to read, a nd that its
purpose is to change wha t people do. Make sure the informat ion you
give is clear, and your ideas are logical.
Writing a formal letter
14 I Q..o..e impo rta n t th ing I bel ieve is that there should be new
governme nt legislat io n .
You need to pu t the ' I bel ieve' befor e the 'is im porta nt '.
2 In other wor ds. we n eed n ew a nd tougher la ws to stop po llu tio n .
This is a useful e xpression when yo u want to rein force yo ur idea .
3 At th e same lime, green practi ces should be rewar ded.
This m ean s ' however' or 'also' .
4 One simnle fact ca n not lw avoided: we ar e ca using great damage
to ou r wo rld.
This is a usef ul exprcssto n for putting a clea r focus all your po int.
5 There are two sides to any argument an d bot h sho uld be
considered care fu lly.
This can be used in many sit uations.
6 If we don't fin d a so lution today, the pro blem will on ly be worse
tomorrow.
This is a negative fo rm of the first conditiona l structure. You
co uld a lso write, 'U n less we find a solution today, .. :
15
2
3
4
S
The am o un t of recycling shou ld be increased.
'Be' is in the base for m becau se it comes after t he
New laws shou ld be passed.
'Be' is in the base fo rm becau se it comes after the
- bei ng plura l doesn 't c hange t h is.
Valuab le forests ar e being des troyed.
Th e prese nt continuous fo rm is used here.
Air quality will be dam aged forever.
' Be' is in t he base form beca use it comes after t he
stro ng future predi ct ion .
Real improvements ca n be made.
' Be' is in t he base for m because it comes after the
possib ility.
modal 's ho uld'.
modal 'should'
modal 'will' fo r
moda l 'ca n' for
Higher level
16 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must include the three required part s of the letter.
You must also include a suitabl e forma l open ing and dosing in your
letter.
Thinks abou t the functions you need to use for each poin t .
For the first one . you are describing or evaluating th e situation.
For th e second, you are suggesting or recom m ending actions.
1
For th e third. yo u are predic ting o r spec ulating about the future.
There are no right or wrong answers - you (a n paint
Cl positive
or a
nega tive picture.
Try to include a wi de range of grammatical struc tures in your lett er.
Speaking
Situational role-play
17
1 is closed - answer a.
2
ts open - answe r h.
18 Poss ible a nswers:
I Wh a t e nv iro n me nta l pro blems a rc the re wh ere yo u live?
2 what use ful materia ls do yo u recycle ?
:~ How do yo u t hink we ca n reduce po llutio n?
.J How do yo ur friends feel a bo ut en viro n me n tal issues?
5 How will the fut ure co m pa re wit h th e presen t?
19 1 I feel ~ about the future.
We use 'feel' with an adject ive. ' Hoping' is not used as a n
ad ject ive.
2 We have to be ll'i!lli.t.k - so me po llut ion is in evitabl e.
w e need a n ad jective after 'we ha ve to be' . ' Rea lism ' is a no un .
3 If we live here on this ea rt h, we a rc respons ible fill: its co nditio n.
We alwa ys use 'for' after ' respo ns ible'.
.J lYrn.1 really ma tt ers is educatio n - te lling peo ple h ew to reduce
po llution.
We' re not talking about t he way so me t h ing's im portan t, we're
ta lking ahout what's im po rta nt.
5 I n my opi n ion, t he real issue Is eco no mics.
Don't be co nf used by 'cco no rnfcs', which is a singula r noun, like
th e nam es of so me ot he r sc iences: ' Phy sics' or ' Maths '.
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: Yo u must find out information abo ut the two areas req uired by
the exam task.
You sho uld use open q uestions mo re th an closed questions to get the
information.
Respond to th e answers yo u ge t - ask 'why?' or 'why not?', for
exa mple. If your part ner says someth ing inte resting, say so - react to
him/h er, and create a go od co nversation.
Picture·based discussion
21 I co mpared
2 noticeable
Reading
3 cont rast
4 att ractive
B
We read 't he first bir th in ca ptiv ity in 112 yea rs'.
2 D
We read 'Perhaps the biggest scientific challenge is to get
Sumatran rh inos to breed'.
3 E
We read 'The zoo ... has plans to ca refully docu m en t t he ca lf's
phys ical and beha vioura l growth '. (Pa rag raph B also refe rs to the
researc h, hut doesn 't m ention t he zoo's pla ns.j
4 C
We read ' Rot h im m edi a tely began feedi ng Em i daily doses of
progesterone (a h o rm o ne essential to pregna ncy)', and, ea rlier in
t he same paragraph , 'Emi, Andelas" mot he r, had miscarried within
t he first three mo nt hs in five previous pregnan cies'.
5 A
We read 't he rac e is on t he ba tt le aga inst extinctio n ... with a
60 % po pulati on decline ... t he rh inos' co unt co nt inues to
decrease' .
2 READING EXAM
I
The missing sentence refers to poachers (people who hunt
animals illegally), a nd the reason for their interest in Sumat ran
rh inos is given after t he gap, 'its ho rn s a re p rized for medi cin e'.
2 e
Sente nce e refers both back to ' rh inos in cap tivi ty' a nd for wa rd to
Andalas' other ac hieve ment: 'The birt h of th is rare ani ma l offe rs
scien tists unprecedented data '.
3 f
Sentence f m en tio ns 'the sixth attempt' which links to the 'five
previous pregn an cies' in the first line of th e paragrap h .
4
2
3
4
.5
6
23 Your ow n ideas.
24 Your o wn ideas.
2S SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must includ e the fo ur things yo u are req uired to in the
exam task.
Use the task and the pictures to struct ure your talk. You have fou r
things and two pictures, so the re a re eight thing s at least for you to
say.
Use appropriate phrases to introduce your ideas - for exa mple,
'turning to the q uestion of 200S .. .', or 'in term s of prot ection , I think
th at.. .' , and so on.
a
Tile se nten ce afte r till' ga p gives mo re det ail about th e rhinos'
solitar y beh avi ou r.
S b
The wo rd 'data' in the m issin g sen te nce refe rs to the hoof prints
m en tio ned both befo re a nd after the gap.
Listening
3 1 e
2 c
3 g
4 b
5 d
6 a
TIP: Before the reco rd ing starts, it's always a go od idea to check tha t
you understand the key vocabulary.
4 LISTENING EXAM
I
22 I th e
Yo u ne ed 't he here becau se th e 'way' described is defin ed or
specified by t he relat ive clause tha t fo llows - 't ha t bird s seem to
be mo vi ng a way from th e co un trysi de.. :
for
To describe a per iod of lime, a duration.
has
To fo rm the Presen t Per fect , 'has increased'.
for
use 'for' to lin k 'happens ' and the ' reaso ns'.
t hat /w h ich
Re lative prono u ns (eit her is po ssible) to intr od uce the relati ve
clau se that foll ows and desc ribes ' the in sect s and sm a ll a n imals'.
in
Com pletes t he phrase 'in effect'.
c
2
3
4
.5
a
Ca pta in Hazelwood didn't own t he ta nker, the reco rding says 'The
ta nke r was ow ned by th e Exxo n oi l compa ny'.
a a nd b
We hea r ' he we nt to h is cab in to do some pa perwo rk. He left th e
ship in co m ma nd of th e th ird of ficer'.
b
We hear ' the &XOII vatdez hi t a group of rocks ca lled Bligh Reef'.
Bhgh Reef isn't t he nam e of a port.
a a nd b
We hear 'Fifty m illion lit res of o il started to flow o ut of the ship
and in to the sea'.
a an d b
We hea r 'a spec ia l bo a t was supposed to be ready fo r emerge nc ies,
bu t it had bee n damaged by storm. So the clean-up bega n fiftee n
hou rs after the oil-spill was first repo rted .'
6 b
We hear 'Millions o f fish and tho usand s of sea birds and sea-otters
di ed.' Th e record ing does m ent io n the first two days, but that
refers to t he tim e be fore 'all necessary eq u ip me nt was in place' .
7 a
we hea r '2.5<Ml of t he plan kton in th e sea was dest royed in the
disas te r, leaving m a ny a n ima ls and fish wit h nothing to eat'. The
statement in b is m en tion ed in the record ing, but not in
connection with the destruction of the plankton.
8 a
We hea r 'The Exxon vatda disaster was one of the first huge on spills in history'. Statement b cannot be cor rect because 'the
EXXOl I vat.tcz di saste r ... was th e result of m ista kes m ade by ma ny
differ ent people'.
SMART ANSWER KEY
173
os.
8
12 TRANSCR IPT
Alaska has four g reat indus tries: fishing, forests, to urism and oil. On the
south coast of Alaska is the port of Valdez, an d fro m he re most of Alaska's
oil is taken to California an d ot her part s of the USA.
On the 24th of March 1989, Captain [eff Hazelwood was in com mand of
an oil tanker which had the same name as the port of Vafdez . The tanker
was ow ned by the Exxon oil company, so it was usua lly called the Exxon
Va/dez. Captain Hazelwood was an expe rienced seam an .
The Exxon Valdez started its journey in t he late evening of the 24t h of
March 1989. At first, Captain Hazelwood was in charge 01 the ship. later
he went to his cabin to do some paperwork. He left the ship in the
command of the third officer. Just after midn ight, the Exxon Valdez hit a
group of rocks called Bligh Reef.The tanke r had five holes in its side ~ one
of the holes was two metres wide by six met res long. Fifty millio n litres of
oil started to flow out of the ship and into the sea.
Unfortunately, t he clean-up operation did not begin immed iately. A
special boat was supposed to be ready for emergencies, but it had been
damaged by a storm. So the clea n-up bega n fifteen hours after the oilspill was first reported. The first two days after the spill had been calm
and still; but by the time all the necessary eq uipment was in place, the
weather had turned sto rmy and strong winds quickly moved the oil to
ot her parts of the sea.
The oil from the Voldez disaste r cove red 4,800 squ are kilometres of water.
Millions of fish and thousands of sea birds and sea-otters died. Some
animals and birds died from cold, others died from hunger, beca use 25%
of the plankton in the sea was dest royed in the disaster, leaving many
anima ls and fish with noth ing to eat.
It is easy to try to blame one person for the Exxon Voldez disaster. In fact,
it was the result of mistakes made by many different people: people in t he
Exxon oil company, people on land, and people on the tanker.
The Exxon Voldez disaster was one of the first hug e oil-spills in history.
Use of English
5 en joy: to enjoy, enjoyed, had enjoyed, e njoying, be en joyed
publish : to pu blish, published, ha d published, publtshlng, be
published
inspire: to inspire, inspired, had inspired, ins piring, be inspired
p la y: to play, played, had played, playin g, be played
flou rish : to flour ish, flourished, had flou rish ed , flour ishing, (no
pass ive)
reach : to reach, reac hed, had reached, reaching, be reached
benefit : to be nefit, beneftted/benefttrect, had benefited/ had
benefttted. be nefiting/benefitting, (no passive)
cast: to ea..t, cast, cast, casting, be cast
be: to be, was/were, had been, being, (no pass ive)
6 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 blamed
Passive (the verb 'be' is befo re th e gap).
2 enjoying
Present Perfect Continuous rhave been' is before th e gap).
3 published
Past participle. (The 'study' is t he ob ject of this verb.)
4 have inspired
Presen t Perfect ('over the past two decades' is a period o f t ime
leading to the presen t. rathe r th an a fixed poi nt in time in t he
past ).
5 played
Presen t Perfect (thave' is before t he ga p).
6 nourished
Past Simple t'the 80s and 90s' is a fixed period of time in the
past).
7 to reach
Infinitive after 'a llow'.
8 beneftted/benefttted
Past Simple - to match the verb tense in th e first part of the
sentence 'a llowed'.
9 cast
Infin it ive without 'to' after the modal verb 'cou ld'.
10 been
Present Perfect rbave' is befo re the gap).
Writing
Writing a discursive essay
7 c u rren t t hreat s to t he e nviro n me nt:
grow ing demand for consumer goods/transport req uirem ent s
t he rel at io ns hi p of b us iness issues a nd t he e nviron me nt :
busi nesses need resources/profits need to be cont rolled
a ny act io n t hat yO ll believe sh ou ld be taken :
dose down polluting factortcs/ru n publicity campaign
174
SMART ANSWER KEY
mo st
Supe rlative adjective .
2 issues, opposition
The first gap is before the main verb, so it must be pa rt of the
subject. The phrase for the second gap is 'in opposition (to
something else)'.
3 furt her
The mea n ing of 'a ny fur ther ' is the same as 'any lo nge r' or 'any
more'.
4 main, actually
The mea n ing of 'main' is 'most important'. The o nly word that
can appear betwee n the verb a nd t he subject is an adve rb.
9 Your ow n ideas.
10 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: The structu re of you r essay is defined by the exam task and
you must follow it.
You need to discuss the th ree listed po ints. If you do n't, you will lose
marks.
All your ideas need to be reinforced with reasons, and you must make
these dear.
You will need to write probably at least 70 words for each point, on
average. Make sure you have enough ideas prepared before you start
writing.
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
11 I On the one hand, there's an image of ma n-mad e damage.
2
3
4
S
'On t he one hand' is usefu l for setting up a cont rast between two
things.
On the other, we can see t he damage caused by nature .
'On the other (hand)' is a good way to complete a contrast that
you began with 'on the one ha nd '.
Of course, even this fire could have been sta rted by a pe rson.
'Could have been' is a useful way to present a specu latio n.
The question is who has responsibility for the pla net.
This is a useful way to show that you want to focus attention on
this poi nt.
We should think more in terms of our children than of ourselves.
This qu ite complex structure is usefu l and can be adapted for
many situations - for example, 'we should think more in te rms of
job satisfaction than of money.'
12 I nervous
2 frightening
3 ambiguo us
4 connected
S cu rious
13 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The exam task requires you to talk about cert ain aspects of the
pictures.
You shou ld begin by describing what you can see in the pictures, and
then start to relate this to the questions you need to consider.
There a re opportunities to express your own opinions and feelings
about the issues of the environment and nature.
Ifyou feel you don't have enough to say, ask yourse lf questions - for
example, 'where were these pictures taken?', 'what will happen
abo ut the environment in the futu re?', and so on .
Debate
7 H
we read 'Take ... a break.'
14 Possibleanswers"
8 E
Aga inst
We read 'you have to get it done '.
new vacct nes against fatal
diseases
alle rgic rea ctions to cos me tics
(i f yo u think th is is n ot a
goo d enough rea so n to use
a n ima ls)
TIP: Read each para graph and try to summarise its gist in a sent ence
- Jike yo u did in exe rcises 1- 3. This will he lp you ma tch th e headi ngs
to th e parag rap hs,
allergic reactions to cosmet ics
the tr eatm ent of labora tory
an imals
For
(if you think i t' s worth risking
Listening
5
t he health of animals to
protect people from this)
2
medi cal experi me nts on
hu ma ns (an imal testing
elim inates th e need for th is)
the life of a person or th e life
o f a n ani m a l (de pe n d s on
til e life of a pe rso n or th e life
o f an a ni mal (depends on
your view)
using an ima ls for food,
clo th ing, e tc. (if yO ll also fin d
this unaccep tabl e)
YO U T
:\
view )
-I
5
cost considerations
learn in g mo re about human
anatomy (without having to
use peo ple for experime nts)
using an imals fo r food ,
clothi ng, et c. (i f th ese ar e fin e ,
why is med ica l resea rch not )
And your own answers.
15 Your own ideas.
16 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: Use the ideas from exe rcises 14 and 15 to bu ild up convincing
argumen ts for yo ur viewpo int.
This is usually an issue t hat peop le can get quite passionate about, so
try to stay calm and just concentra te on making persuasive
argumen ts and co unte r-arguments.
Don 't forget th at your partner b..i!l.!2 disagr ee with you to stimulate
discussio n - this not necessarily a reflection of their own views!
6 School
Reading
1 The hest ans wer is 2.
It is the onl y tit le that me ntto ns h om ework , th e m ain topic of th e
leaflet.
2
•
The paragraph doesn't men tion eit her t he place or the best
cond itions for doing your homework.
2 c
The paragraph m en tio ns bu yin g a fo lde r, but the main po int it
makes is about or gani sin g yo ur notes .
3 b
Wl' read ' Find a q uie t place t ha t's well-lit' ,
3 I'osstblc a nswers:
-I Drink ple nty of wa te r, and snack o n some fru it o r cookies.
5 Begin with your best subject.
6 If you've started you r ... homework, finish it. Don 't leave one par t
of your homework unfin ished ...
7 Ta ke at least a five-minute break .
8 Hom ewor k .. . is you r top pr ior ity a nd yo u have to get it do ne .
TIP: Not ice that one way of giving ad vice is to use th e impe rative,
but you can also use mod al verb s like ' have to ' or 'sho uld' , 'o ug ht
to ', 'm ust'.
4 READING EXAM
1 C
We read 'decide in advance'.
2 F
We read 'Always put papers in the correct sectton'.
3 I
We read ' Find a quite place'.
4
J)
We read 'Snack ... to get m or e st rengt h' .
5 A
we read ' Begin wit h yo ur best su bject'.
6 B
We read 'If you've sta rted your ... homework, finish it'.
6
twe lve fiftee n
Th is 12:15, and the other tw o are t 1:-15.
twelve ten
This is 12:10, an d t he ot her two are 12:00 .
pay
Th is m ea ns spe ndi ng m on ey o n so m et hi ng, a nd t he ot he r two
mean ing keeping some th ing fo r yo u,
during
Th is mea ns 't h roug h a ll t he time (of so met h ing)' , a nd the other
two m ean 'previo us (to something)'.
inexpensive
This m ea ns you do n 't haw to pay very much t'cheap'), and th e
other two mea n you don't pay anything at all.
I'm sure you're going to have g great time with us here
at West for d College.
2 You' ll be in class every mo rni ng ~ d ur ing th e wee k.
:\ It's important to m a ke use Qf th e Se lf-Access Ce n t re.
4 The trip 's a lways ve ry po pular, ~ don 't for ge t to sign up ea rly.
7 LISTENING EXAM
I I.OO/13.00llpmll o 'clock
Classes 'go straight th rough till one'. Don 't be confused by the
fact that they ' sto p at twelve o 'clock o n Fridays'.
2 9.00/21.()()/9pm/9 o 'clock
Make sure yo u do n 't confuse th e opening time, 'fro m e ight t h irty
in t he mornin g', wit h t he closing t im e, ' un til nine p. m .'.
:\ Receptio n
Severa l types of co m pute r are mcn noned . a nd yo u need to focus
o n the ' Inte rne t pe s' for the ta sk, These are ' t he web-linked o nes '.
Th e n th e question is where yo u reserve t hem, 'a t Rece pti o n ', not
where you use t he m , which co uld be in th e se lf-Access Centre or
' in t he Co mmon Room '.
-I Thursrdayj Stth}Ju ly
Do n 't co nfuse t he date of t he trip, 'Tuesday July th e tenth ' with
t he date for reserving a place - 'you must book your place no later
t han Thursday the fift h of Jul y'.
5 free
Be ca refu l, we hea r 'so me of th e food 's a litt le expens ive'. Make
sure yo u focus o n th e fact t hat 'i t's free to get in ' .
6 disco unt ca rd
Listen ca refu lly to get bo th words: 'Take your passport alo ng to
t he office '-'0 that t hey can issue you with a student disc ount
ca rd.'
Now read through the script to see where the answers are.
~ 13
TRANSCRIPT
Welcome to you a lii I'm sure you' re going to have a great time with us
here at Westford College - a nd mayb e you m ight even learn a little
English while you' re here! I'm just go ing to say a few wo rds a bout
practica l aspe cts of th e college. OK, classes: now, you' ll be in class every
morni ng d uring the week. Classes begi n at quarter past nine and go
straigh t through till one, altho ugh they stop at twe lve o'clock on Fridays,
to help the weekend get going. You're expected to do more than just
study in class, of co urse, and it's important to make use of the Self-Access
Centre, which is available from eight thirty in the morning until nine p.m .
There's a wea lth of ma terials and resources th ere for you 10 lake
adva ntage of. All th e compute rs have access to o ur network of Englishlearning software. Demand is high for the web -linked ones, and you need
to reserve time on o ne of those at Reception. If you' re despera te to em ail
home, you might find a spa re com pute r in the Common Room. Right,
Londo n: we organise a trip up to London d uring the cou rse. We're going
on Tuesday July the te nt h, and you m ust book your place no later than
Thursday the fifth of July. The trip's always very pop ular, so don't forget to
sign up ea rly! Anothe r date for your diaries is the Food and Drink Festiva l,
where you can try and hop efully enjoy all kinds of exotic food and d rink
from just about every co untry o n the planet. It does ge t busy, a nd so me
of the food's a little expens ive but the good news is that it's free to get in,
a nd it's wort h going along just to look, Talking of mo ney, you ca n get
mone y off all sorts of thing s in w esttord , from cine ma tickets to books 10
dr inks in cafes, if you' re a student. Take your passport along to the office
so that they can issue you with a student discount card. Well, I think that's
it for now. Are the re any qu estio ns?
SMART ANSWER KEY
17S
Use of English
8
16 I a, c
b
Verb needed : what do thousa nds of yo ung people do each yea r?
2 c
Adjective needed : what kin d of instit utions?
3 c
Adve rb need ed: how talented?
widen
creat io n
darkn ess
ad justed, ad justing, adjustable
5 resou rceful, reso urceless
6 fully
7 refusal
8 popu lari se
Possible answers:
popular -+ populari ty, settle -+ settlemen t, dominate
-+ domi nance
Speaking
Situational role-play
19 I Wat ch ing DVDs ll. good because yo u ca n sto p an d repeat
2
un do
disa gree
in correct
im possible
3
11 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 education
4
The sub ject (a noun) i s n eeded before t h e main ve rb ' is'.
2 attend
No ch a nge ne ed ed because it's a plural ve rb to match '7%' (of
students).
3 nearly
Adverb need ed before ' all' .
4 typical
What kind of timetable?
5 activities
Th e se n tence g ive s exa mples of these activities afte r the gap.
6 interesting
What kind of places?
7 misbehave
Students a re pun ished fo r!lQ! b eh a vin g appropriately.
8 gra d uate
No c h an ge ne eded because it's a p lural ver b to m a tch ' u n ive rsity
st ud ents'.
Writing
S
20
to check the m eaning.
The main verb is mi ssin g fro m the first part o f th e state men t.
Many to u rists arc n ative speake rs o f Eng lish, so yo u ID authentic
pra cti ce.
There 's no reason to use an . illg form on it s own in th is se ntence.
When yo u read n ewspape rs, yOll can !.i!.I:if: yo u r time an d use a
dictionary.
The phrase ' take (o n e's) time' is a u seful o n e to remem ber.
Your friends a re great to ta lk to ~ you ha ve things in
co m m o n .
You ha ve things in co m m o n -+ yo u en jo y ta lk in g to ea ch ot h er.
No t the other way rou nd.
C h at rooms help be cau se it's sp eaking but typed m yo u ca n
understand it.
C h at roo m s use typed la nguage -+ it 's ea sier to u nderst a n d . No t
the other wa y round.
than
Co m p ar iso n.
2 much
Used to em p h asise degree o f flu ency he re.
3 lo t
The meaning is the sa me a s ' m uc h' in th e p revious se n te n ce, but
used with t h e articl e 'a'.
4 most
Superlative adjective.
S too
'Too many' m eans ' more tha n acceptable/nec es sary/appropriate '.
21 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You m ust consider all five suggestions on the list. You m ust
also make sure you have enough time to choose the two which ar e
most important.
There aren't right or wrong answers he re. In fact , if you and your
partne r can disagree a little , it w ill create more discussion .
In the first stage of the discussion, you can say a range of th ings
about each point. For example, fo r 'talking to tourists', you could say
that:
it isn't very usef ul because ther e aren 't many Enqlish-speakinq
tourists in you r city
it is useful when yo u can talk to a native speaker of Eng lish
it's not very useful because they speak too quick ly for you to
understand
it is useful because you can learn about th eir cul ture
it is useful as speaking and listening practice on ly.
Remem ber that the re are many opportunities to use comparisons and
contrasts an d conditionals in a discussion such as this on e .
Writing an invitation
12 1 Yes. My flight leaves at 10. 15 on Friday.
2 No.
3 Yes. My aunt arrives o n the 12.00 trai n .
4 Yes. My exa m is 011 the 18 t h .
5 Yes. The el ection takes place on May 3r d.
6 No .
13 1 Yes.
We rea d '8 p.m . a ll Frid ay 19 May'.
2 Yes.
We read 'Studen ts' Union Building (234 w est ga te L ane}'.
3 No .
4 No.
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must include the four points that are required in the exam
task. If yo u miss any out, you w ill lose m ar ks. It is important for the
invitation to include th is information.
Since it is for a party, you should try to make your invitation lively in
its style . Use dramatic statements that grab the attention, or ask
ques tions.
Writing an informal letter
3 d
4 b
5 c
TIP: Make sure the sentence halves match logically as well as
grammatically. Read the sentences aga in when you've finished the
task to check that they all make sense .
176
5 b, d
TIPS: You must wri te about the three poi nts that are required in the
exa m task .
You also need to acknowledge Sam's letter, thanking him fo r it, and
perhaps showing some sympathy for his feelings.
Thin k carefully about the three different functions you need to use te lling, suggesting an d explaining. You should pla n to use a range of
gr ammatica l structures in yo ur letter.
Remember to use a friendly and informal style with your friend.
10 un happy
mi sbeha ve
dislike (verb) or un like (prepositi on)
misunderstand
im po lite
in co m plet e
2 a
4 a, c
3 b, d
18 WRITING EXAM
9 1
2
3
4
1 e
C
Possi b le answers;
Have yo u considered taking up gol f?
I th ink yo u sho uld choose Mathematic s be cause you 'r e rea lly good
wit h numbers.
What about going to Stovent a fo r a skiiing h oliday?
Noun with a nega tive mean ing needed : what do so m e students
15
3,
17 Your own ideas.
4 b
suffer fro m ?
2
TIP : Not e which ways of making suggestions we use as a question,
and whic h as a statement.
SM A RT AN SW ER KEY
Plcture-based discussion
22
23
1 both
6B
l
2
A
B
3 A
8B
9
4 n
both
5 A
10
n
I m or e
C o m p le tes the co mpa rison - yo u n eed to sec 't ha n' late r in the
se n te nce to ge t t he answer.
2 to
Com p lete s th e st ruc t ure 'give (so meon e) (somethin g) to ' + verb.
3 a
Th e indefinite article is required.
4 than
Com p letes the comparison. You n eed to see t he '·er' of 'o lde r' to
get th e answ er.
24 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You mu st talk about all four questions tha t the exam task
inclu d es. Th is w ill give yo u th e st ruct ure for what yo u say.
Noti ce that the first two questio ns mean tha t you sim ply describe
what you see. Try to use as much interesting vocab ulary as you can
w hen doing th is.
The thi rd q uest io n asks you to me yo ur imagination. You sho uld
specu late here. and, if po ssible, give reasons for what yo u say.
The last q uest ion asks you to relate the pictures to your own life and
experience. You need to explain why you say w hat yo u d o here.
Higher level
Sp e aker C
I really don't know ... When I was Sand ra's age, I never complained about
my uniform, 1 just took it for gran ted I had to wea r one. Now it's
complete ly differen t. Sandra spe nds hours on end choosing her clothes
before she leaves in th e morning. 1 sometimes think it wou ld be easier
and definitely m uch cheaper if she just had one skirt and cardigan for
school use.
Spe a ke r 0
The school where I work is uniform -free. I'm sure that the freedom to
choose their own clothes allows young people to express their
personalities mo re fully. I'm hap py I had the same chance when I was a
student. I went to a small village schoo l, and we had no uniforms there.
Use of English
Reading
1 The best answer is 1.
111c art icle is about Manhattan Co mp rehensive Nigh t High School.
2 The best answer is c.
we learn t hat IIll' school is quite d ifferent from how it a ppea rs a t
first.
9 our: tea cher, age
inter ested in : surfing th e In te rnet , pentathlon
m eet yo u at : th e airport, 6 o 'clock
she : is 18 , lives in Paris
co ul d yo u : repea t th e se ntence, try ha rder
except io nal ly: smar t, bad ly
3 Your own answers.
NOTE : This is an unusual type of task but it shou ld help you
4 READING EXAM
remember what different kinds of words go together with other type s
of wo rds.
I D
'Suc h tight security' refers bac k to t he sentence before t he gap
which says 'visitor s mu st sign in a nd show ident ificat ion '.
2
E
Th e ph rase 'Hut now' w h ich starts th e m issing sentence refer s
hack to 'U nti l now' at t he beginn ing of t he previou s sentence.
3 C
Th e se nte nce co nti n ues to describe the principal's activities.
Sent ence B i... about a different person.
4
Fo llo wing on from the desc ript ion of school days in the sentence
before the gap, we find out about school term s, t hen a bo ut th e
numb e r of years st ud e nts spend at th e school afte r th e gap.
Listening
5 I f our people.
2 About wearing school unifonns.
TIP: Always read the instructions ca refully so you do n' t lose points
because you're doing less (or even because you' re doi ng more) tha n
you are asked to do.
bF
cA
dA
er
7 Your own ideas .
8 LISTENING EXAM
()
We he a r ' I went to a small village school, a nd we had no
uniforms t he re.' All t he ot he r spea kers m en tion wea ring a
un iform .
2 AandC
We hear ' I ca n see som e good points, too.' (A ) a nd I sometimes
thi nk it would be easier and definitely much cheaper.' (q
3 C
We hear 'I never complained about my uniform' .
4
Th e wr iter says 't hey have much to offer ', ' cha lle nging for un usuall y
c leve r students', t hey appreciate ' less academicall y-gifted
pe rsonalities', 'they are excit ing and ... success fu l'. He a lso mention s
that they 'h ave m or e success in reali sing th eir o b ject ives '.
t heir
The possessive adjective lin ks 'excelle nce' to 'public schools' .
2 be ing
They are criticised because they lli a symbol of privi lege. An -ill,,?
form is used after 'for'.
3 are
We need th e ve rb ' be' to introduce th e adj ectives wh ich describe
the schools.
I
4 of
The adject ive 'appreciative' usua lly goes toget her w it h ' of '.
S at
The idi om is 'a t t he same time '.
6 in
The idi om is ' in (so me kind 00 terms' .
7 these/those /most
Mor e than o n e answer is possible, depending on wh at you want
to say.
B to
We need an infin itive wit h 'to' after 'see m'.
9 th an
We use 't ha n ' to compare th ings that are d iffer ent.
Writing
()
Writing an argumentative essay
We hea r 'Th e freedo m to ch oose t heir own clothes a llows yo ung
people to ex press the ir personaliti es' . The psych ol ogi cal effect of
wear ing uniforms is su ppressing individ uality.
13 Possible a nswers:
One postttve aspect of sho pping ce nt res is co nvenience, we can
find everyt h ing .. . un der t he sam e roof. I Shopping ce n tres o ffer
S B
We hear 'Th is ta lk about co ve ri ng th e financial differen ces is
rubbish' .
"
Very positive tsee Key to exe rcise 11 below ).
11 Possible a nswe rs:
12 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
A
6 a A
10 Publ ic schools (which ar e actually private schools in Brita in ).
14 TRANSCRIPT
Speaker A
Tha nk good ness, we don't have to wea r uniforms at my schoo l now, but
whe n I was at elementary school, I had to wear an awful navy blue jacket;
I hated it more than anyt hing else. I don 't think I'd like it if they made us
wear uniforms now, but I can see some good points , too . There wou ld be
far less showing off, and the girls who can't afford fancy clothes would
feel much better.
Sp e aker B
We had to wear uniform until last yea r. It was horrible. You shou ld be able
to wea r things you fee l comfortable in. And all th is talk about covering up
the financial differen ces is rubbi sh. If you have a lot of money, it shows
whatever you 're wea ring.
entertainment fac ilities ... with an en ormous range of things to
bu y and to do.
1 .. . sm aller local shops ... are closin g down beca use th ey can not
keep up with the competition.
... t hey offer bland, un iform products all over th e wo rld - loca l
characte r is disappearing.
3 ... everyth ing from groce ries to ctectro mcs ...
... ente rtainment faci lities , like cinemas o r howling alleys ...
4 In fact , we are los ing places that were once im portant in our lives.
To sum ma rise, on th e o ne hand, th e y offer a m o re co m fortable
shopping e xpe rie nce , but o n the othe r hand, they ma ke us all
the same.
14 1 o n t he o ne hand, in addition , fo r o ne t hi ng
2 however, in co n trast, hut, conversely, in fact
3 such as
4 furthermore
5 to sum up, in other words
6 as far as I'm concerned, in my ow n experie nce
SM A RT ANSW ER KEY
171
5 B
1S WRITING EXAM
Th e phrase 't h is syste m ' aft er th e ga p refers back to what sen tence
B describes.
TIPS: You must write about the fou r aspects of the question tha t the
exam task specifies .
You can either come to Cl clear conclusion one way or the ot her (for
example, 'you shou ld start a career') or yo u can present a
compromise conclusio n (fo r exam ple, 'it depe nds o n .. .').
Before you start writing, yo u need to ma ke sure that you have
enough ideas for the requi red length of essay (u p to 25 0 wo rds). One
w ay to build up yo ur essay is to use exam p les. Ano ther usefu l way is
to think abou t contrasting situations - fo r example, an l 8-year-old
who has thre e older brothers and sisters and an l 8-y ear-old who is
an only child.
It is im porta nt that you make good use of linkin g words and phrases
to hold you r arg uments together.
Speaking
6 G
The lin king wo rd ' Ho wever' cont rasts se ntence G wit h the
previous sentence .
7 D
The word 't his ' refers to 'Talk ing and d riving at the sa me tim e'
mentioned before t he gap.
Listening
4 I Four.
2 How t hey earn som e pocket m Olley.
3 No.
4 The tas k here is to fin d o ut what job each spea ke r does.
TIP: Alw ays read instructions ca refully. It's easier to unde rstand the
informat ion in the recording if you know what to expect.
Picture-based discussion
16 I h
2 b
3 a
4 c
S h
S A put to bed, was h, tell sto ries, feed , look aft e r
B trees , fruit crates, fa rm, pick fruit
6 b
17 I C
' Fo r exa mpl e' in t rod uces an exa m ple t h at represen ts 'o bv io us
diffe rences' .
2 A
'Fo r one thing' links to 'some impor tan t simila rities'.
:~
H
' In ad dition to t h is connection' bu ilds o n 'either of them ..
TIP : A, Band C are all usefu l way s of int rod uc ing an exam p le of
something, within the structure of 'general statem en t
-+ examp le' .
C get ti ps, custo mers , serve mea ls, bring the bill
D morning paper, fro nt door, do a rou nd , neighbourhood
E blow- dry, get tips , customers, was h, haircut , per m
6 LISTENING EXAM
A I
We hear ' I had a five-year- old to look after '.
B doesn 't appear in the reco rding.
C ,
There are many sm all clu es, including 'earn £ 15 plus tip s' , or
'stop at a table a nd chat', which don't rea lly match the ot her
18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must talk within the conte xt required by the exam task:
'different kinds of learning' .
You need to descri be what yo u see in the pictur es and then to
jo bs.
D 2
evaluate and reac t to these t hings.
l earn ing itself is inv isib le, so you need to speculate abo ut you think is
happening.
E
We hear 'do a rou nd ' and ' leave th e stuff at the front do or '.
-I
We hear ' I am not allowed to do the cutt ing, but I he lp with
perm ing and blow -dry ing ami I do t he wa sh ing m yself' .
Your concl usion wi ll be which image is closer to you r own
experie nce . This gives you lots of opportun ities to talk a bout you r
own experiences of educ ation and lea rning, in and out of schoo l.
Debate
19 Possible answers :
I yes
2 no
~
no
4 yes
S no
6
not su re
20 Your ow n ideas .
21 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: You ca n get more points for using a variety of different ways of
expressing your op inion. Try to use convincing argu me nts, but don't
forget it's eq ually impo rtant to show how well you can communicate
them.
7 Work
Reading
1
1 B
2 IJ
3 A
4 B
TIP: It's always importan t to read the instructions carefully. In this
exercise, you need to select the only wrong answer, not the correc t
one.
2 1 consequently
2 add itio na lly
3 like
4 still
TIP: It's a good idea to reco rd linking words that have the sa me or
similar meaning together.
l5 1S TRANSCRIPT
Speaker 1
I have to think abou t school first of all, because my parents wou ldn' t let
me wor k if my grades suffered, so I only wor k du ring the holidays. Last
yea r I had a five-year-old to look after three times a week. I had to feed
he r and then put her to bed . She was all right; a bit difficult sometimes,
but I liked to play with her and te ll her stories.
Sp eaker 2
It doesn't pay too well, but I'm too young to do any ot her job . I do a
rou nd of a bout twenty ho uses in the neighbourhood on my bike. It's on ly
a minu te to sto p and leave the stuff at t he front door, but still, I have to
get up around six if I want to finish in time for the school bus . The only
problem is whe n there's very heavy rain or whe n it's really cold.
Speaker 3
It's a nice place and it's always lull, so you really have to be q uick. I wo rk
for five hou rs on Saturday afte rnoons and earn £ 15 plus tips. It's not bad,
and I like the jo b because I mee t a lot of people alt the time. Of co urse, I
have no time to stop a t a table and chat , but that does n' t seem to be a
problem. Some time s you can have a really nasty customer, but that's very
rare.
Speaker 4
J work on Saturdays from 8 in the morn ing till 5. I' m on my feet all day,
and it can be tiring, but I really enjoy it here . Of cou rse I' m not a llowed to
do the cutt ing, but I help with perm ing and blow-drying and I do the
washing myself. I'd love to do the job when I leave school.
Use of English
7 1 ,
3 READING EXAM
1 H
' During thi s period' after th e gap refers back to the 'difficult
tra in ing period' in the miss ing sentence.
2 E
Sentence E introduces the 'e xt rem e physical d iscomfort' that the
speaker goes on describing after the gap.
,
A
The ' tip' is mentioned both in sen tence A an d before th e ga p. The
sen te nces after th e gap co nt inue describing the risks of t he job
that th e missing sen tence mentions .
178
3
C
The lin king wor d 'The refo re' links the tra in ing drivers' dec ision to
keep their previous jobs to the reaso n : ' l.ea rner drivers are not
allowed to ... earn money as d rive rs' .
4
2
SMAR T ANSWE R KEY
4
5
To see that thi s is the correct answer, tr y look ing a t t he sen tence
with the wor ds in a differ ent o rde r: ' I go ID No rthtown School,
which is we ll known for sport.' Both ' to' and 'which' ar e
necessa ry,
,
You need th e Presen t Perfect of 'he successful'.
,
Completes the structure we use for compa rin g experiences 'as
(ma ny) as (som ebody)'.
c
You are ' responsible fQ.r som ethi ng'; yo u a re ' res po ns ible iQ'
som eo ne, for example yo ur boss.
b
'Do' is th e cor rect a uxilia ry for making qu estions.
8 When I think a!&u1 the fu ture, I realise I really have no ide a w hat
I'm go ing to do. What I w ant to do is to enjoy the present and live
for the moment. When my brother ~ my age, all he di d w as make
plans. He knew !rllf.If: he wanted to go to university, what co urse to
ta ke - eve rything. Even as a teenager . he hili! decided Qll his job.
And, let me tell you, my brother is very bo ring! I'm going to live m y
life differl'Otly.
16
3 a
A job in this case is like a place, t he literal meaning of ' a
pos itio n'.
4 c
Co mp letes the structure ' be (possi ble) + fo r (someone/some t hi ng)
+ infi nit ive with 'to' . As we ll as 'po ssib le', t his str uc ture ca n be
used wit h word s suc h as ' impossible' , 'easy', 'di fficult', etc.
S b
Busi nesses ' have' staff, offices, managers, pro fits, etc. in the same
way that schools ' have' teachers, students, classrooms, good exam
resu lts, etc.
9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 a
The ln dcf lriite a rticle 'a' is needed to int rod uce the 'c rowd' .
2 "
Co mp letes t he str uctu re we use for comparing peop le 'as (h igh) as
(some body)' .
3 t han
Completes the comparison with 'more'.
4 who/that
Both these words are possible to link this defining relative clause
to the 'people' it describes.
S do
'Do' is used to form the question here with 'you'.
6 to
Co m pletes t he structu re 'ask (someone) to ' + verb.
7 has
Co m pletes th e Present Perfect verb form here of th e verb 'be '.
8 On
Co m pletes t he phrases 'on t he othe r hand ', used to introduce a
cont rast.
Writing
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: There is q uite a lot to do in this task, so it's important to think
carefully about it all before you start.
You need to understand the five jobs advertised.
You need to th ink how to ask correct quest ions about the four points
in the exam task. Fo r the first one, you could ask, 'Wh at kind of wor k
e xperience do you have?', and so on .
You shou ld be ready to ask follow-up q uestion s, such as, 'Why is
th at?' or 'Co uld you tell me more about tha t?' .
For the fourth point, yo u need to relate you r part ne r's exper ience and
inte rests to one or more of the jobs advertised.
Picture-based discussion
18 I white-collar
2
3
4
5
6
manual
office
unskilled
skilled
hig hly skille d
7 qualified
Writing a formal letter
10 Your own ideas.
11 Your 0\'0'0 ideas.
12
like
Completes th e struct ure 'would like' + in finit ive wit h 'to'.
NOTE: All of these structures are used to request information.
13 Your own ideas.
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must address th e requi red point s in this rath er spe cific
e xa m ta sk.
Your lett er need s to have a suita ble o pening and closing.
It needs to be clear who you are, and why yo u are writing this lett er.
It needs to cover the three points listed in the advertise ment.
The first two points in fact consist of at least two sub-points.
Make sure you include enough deta il. For exam ple, for the first point
you need to say:
what you are studying and where you are studying
what you have achieved, in terms of exam results, membership of
teams, ere.
what you are inte rested in, for example your hobbies.
You should use a suitable formal style t hroug hout.
8 tra ining
9 assistant
10 promotion
I 1 commute
12 stressful
13 holidays
14 pension
TIP: This exe rcise intro duces a lot of useful voca bulary to talk abo ut
job s in general.
2 wonderin g
Co mpletes the st ruct ure 'be wo ndering if.
3 ho pe
Th e verb 'hope' is usually fo llowed by a 't hat' cla use.
4 interested
Completes the structure 'be interested' + infinitive with 'to'. (Th is
shouldn't be confused wit h 'be interested in' + -ing for m, which
has a different meantng.j
b
Completes the structure 't ry' + -ing fo rm .
2 ,
'Shou ld' is used for m a kin g suggestions like this.
19
d
'Bet te r at' must be follo wed by a nou n or a n .ing form .
2 ,
' Ve ry' is followed by an ad jective.
3 •
You need to think about the logic of this sentence to find the
correct answer.
4 c
The phrase is 'I nvolved in (something)'.
S b
We need a clause that contrast with 'works very hard physically'
becau se o f 'Although' at th e sta rt of the sente nce: 'not ... too
st ressful'.
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You mu st talk about the three q uest ions included in the exam
task.
You can talk a bout them in any order that you want, although the
o rde r in the list is perhaps a good, logical order to talk about them
in.
There should be a quite a lot of things you can say about the
pictures, as well as answering the questions.
Use you r imagination: thin k about what hours these people probably
work, what they are ma king, or what skills they need, a nd so on.
Speaking
Situational role-play
15 1 done
Completes the Presen t Perfect verb form.
2 relevant
These words often appear together whe n we talk about jobs:
' relevan t experience'.
3 o rganised
Completes the Present Perfect verb form.
4 clear
The ph rase is 'h ave a clear idea', mea ni ng 'to kn ow exactly'.
5 wor king
Th e -illg for m com pletes the t he ph rase 'working with peo ple'.
Th is is a freq ue n tly asked qu estion when yo u apply for a job .
6 prefe r
We use 'prefer' to talk about wha t we like to do.
7 Tell
Completes th e imperative.
SMART AN SWER KEY
179
Higher level
Reading
1
n
ls t rue.
We read 'o ne in twe n ty e mployers (5%) agreed t hat a ppea rance
was a decisive facto r', which is the sam e as say ing th at 95% di d n 't
ag ree wit h this statement.
2 READING EXAM
I d
We read 'the telephone conversanon I'd ha d with one of them
beforehand suggested ... the interview was [ust a formality'.
2 b
We read " knew I'd lost immed iately because of the way they
looked at me'.
J ,
We read 'Some are turned down for jobs, others mi ss out o n
promotion'. The second group of people me ntioned a rt' not
applying for new jobs.
4 c
We read 'Discrim ination cla ims involvi ng a lleged look-ism are
surging in the US: The verb 'surge' mean s ' increase sudden ly'.
Note that answer b is also true, but th e in formation is not given
in th e article, se it's not the co rrec t answer here!
5 b
The interviewee says 'it's only a matter of time befo re so me kin d
of beauty bias legisla tion co mes in to play'. The noun 'bias' m ea ns
'strong feenng in favour of or against a cer ta in gro up o f people'.
The ph rase 'come in to pla y' mea ns 'appea r'.
cheap dinners, we d rive a secon d-h and car, an d leso n freelances as a
computer specialist in addi tion to his regul ar job.
Two-incom e coupl es often get used to perks like ex pensive ca rs, dinners
o ut and overseas vacat ions, and then whe n they have child ren, they have
to cut back. We never had that so we don't feel deprived.
I didn't even try to make a ca reer, bu t the n ... when you' re old and
dying, you don 't think a bout wha t you did at work, do you? And do you
know wh at I loo k forwa rd to? I really hope to live lo ng e noug h to see my
great-gr andc hildren.
L1nda Stern
I dropped out of college when I go t married, and my daughter was born
when I was 23. Two years later I had my seco nd child, and soon after th at
my husban d and I split up. I work as an admi nistrative assistant and ra ise
the children on my own. The truth is I envy those couples who waited to
become esta blished . They bought homes and put some money aside. We
were always beh ind; we started off with much less and never managed to
catch up. My child ren are a great joy to me, but I'd advise my daughter
to wait until she's 28 o r 30.
Vanessa Carroll
It's a general prob lem - the best years for having children are also the
best time fo r establishing a career. The only thing you can do is deci de
wha t you wa nt to achiev e by a ce rtain point in you r life, and plan
bac kwards from the re. I was de termined no t to end up as a 35-year-old
assistant. I deci ded to take a big pay cut and move d from file to a smaller
magazine so that I co uld get to a highe r position in my job. That'lI he lp
when I get back to wor k.
Use of English
S
Listening
4 LISTENING EXAM
IJ
Wl' hear "two-I ncom e co uples often get used to per ks, a nd .
when . . th ey ha ve ch ild ren , th ey have to cu t back. We never had
that so we do n' t feel dep rived' .
2 IJ
Th e sta te me n t is rea lly a sum ma ry of what she' s sayi ng . She says
'I really ho pe I live lo ng e no ugh to see m y grea t-gran dchildren',
and also says 'w he n you' re old and dying, yo u don 't think ab out
what yo u di d a t wo rk, do yo u?' - suggesti ng yo u'd th ink of you r
fami ly.
:J
D
we hea r 'The o n ly thing you ca n do is decide wha t yo u wa n t to
achieve by a certain po int in your life, and plan bac kwa rds from
t here'. She a lso mentions c hanging jo bs so she ca n ret u rn to a
higher pos itio n after having ch ild ren (see note for 6).
4 is not mentioned.
S A
we hear "Tim
had to wo rk ex tra ho urs to help
lIS
ma ke e nds
meet'.
6
2f3j
4 e
S d
6a
7b
8 h
9g
to
c
7 USE DF ENGLISH EXAM
I t hose
'Thos e' he re refers to ' peo ple who a re (look ing for a job )' .
2 why 110t
Thi s ph rase is used to gtve advice, in th e fo rm of a q uestio n.
3 eve n
Th e wo rds 'eve n if' oft en appea r together to ta lk abo ut a
cond itio n o r pa rticul ar ctrcums tances.
-t for
We use 'for' after 'apply'.
S this kind of
The ph rase here refe rs to t he kind of work you're applying fo r.
6 to
Completes the struct ure 'be af raid to (do somet hing)'.
7 being
The phrase 'be ing greedy' is the subject o f t he sentence, so it
needs an -tng fo rm .
8 so met h ing
Completes the structure 'something' + adjective, which has the
same mean ing as 'somet hing that is' + adjective.
J)
Wc hear ' 1 decided to take a big pay cut and moved from Elte to a
sma ller magazin e so that I cou ld get to a higher pos itio n in my
job'.
7 C
we hear
c hildren
8 :\
We hea r
finished
Writing
Writing a formal letter/job application
' I work as a n administra tive assista nt and raise t he
on my own'.
'We didn't wa nt to be o ld parents ... when t he c h ildren
h igh school'.
~ 16 TRANSCRIPT
Sta rting a family ea rly usually means giving som ethi ng up. I asked a few
women who had child ren early in the ir lives what the decision mea nt for
them and what price they had to pay. li sten to what they told me.
Tara Hastings
We d id n't wa nt to be old paren ts. We tho ug ht it wou ld be gre at to be still
full of energy when t he children finished high schoo l. But whe n I left my
job as a manage r to be with th e childre n, it affected me mor e than I'd
expec te d. You beco me miserable whe n yo u stay at hom e all the time, and
when you start losing respect for yourse lf, yo ur partn er loses respect for
you. On the other hand , rim had to work extr a hou rs to he lp us ma ke
end s me et, a nd that ob viously deprived him of time to spend w ith the
kids and also created distan ce between us. Our marriage suffered, we
se parate d, a nd it was really to ugh for both of us. Now, I' m back at wo rk,
a nd we're back togeth e r, but it wasn't all easy.
Janlce Pepper
Having my first child at 22 meant tightening th e belt. Now we have three
dau ghters, and we're still far from well off. We still have to ge t by on
180
i
Th e first two app ea r in t he seco nd pa ragraph . the ot hers in the last
two par agraph s.
3 Your ow n ideas.
I
l
6 Th e text m ent io ns: A, H, E, F.
SMART ANSWER KEY
8
1 a
2b
3a
-tb
5b
6a
TIP: You need to use suitable formal language in a job application.
The meaning of each pair of sentences is very similar, but in a
situation like th is you shou ld pay attention to how you're ph rasing
wha t you want to say.
9 WRITING EXAM
TIP: Your letter must cover the required information in the
advertise ment.
You need to :
introd uce yourself and ex plain the pu rpose of your le tter
ex plain yourself in relatio n to the three points the advertiseme nt
requ ires guid es to have
close the letter in a n app ropr iate way.
You should use a suitable forma l style.
Try to use a range of g ramm atical struct ures - fo r exa mple, you can
use d iffe rent ve rb tenses whe n talking abo ut yourself.
Speaking
6 LISTENING EXAM
1 b
we hea r ' my bi rt hd ay is in two wee ks' t im e' .
Picture-based discussion
2 c
10 Your ow n id eas.
He mentions th e mothers of his six child re n: ' two by m y second
wife and four by my third '.
11 Your own ideas.
12 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must add ress the ques tions in th e exam task, in relation to
the picture.
You need to use you r imagination, and to specu late about the
picture. For e xample, you co uld say: 'Of co urse, I don 't know exact ly
wher e this picture wa s taken, but it looks as if th e woman is perhaps
repa iring so me kind of old wooden structure. I expec t this is on a
farm ..:
You need to create a link from the picture to the mor e general
opinion -based part of th e speaking task.
You co uld say something like: " suppose you might be mor e likely to
see a man doing this kind of work than a woman . But that do esn't
mean tha t wom en are an y less ab le to do this kind of wo rk - it's just
a question of tradition. However, I think it's possible to say that some
jobs .. :
8 Health
Radio pr esen ter
Good afternoo n, listener s. Today, in our programm e 'Peop le Around Us'
Helen Crow is talking to Mr Alistair Sinclair, a farm er from Carsto n who's
one hundred years old.
Reading
1 1 ble
2 e/b
3 g
4 d
5 h
6 a/ b/e
7 f
8 c
NOTE : Some phrases can be mat ched with more tha n one verb.
2
b2d
3 c4 a
3 READING EXAM
[l
Co m pletes th e st ruct ure 'increase (som ebody's) cha nce of ' + noun
or -tng form.
2 I
We ne ed a noun aft er t he possessive adj ec tive 'yo ur' and before
th e prep ositi on 'of'. The m eaning of ' in ta ke' is 'am o un t that yo ur
bod y receiv es'.
3 A
Th e seco nd half o f th e phrasal ve rb 'wor k out' is after th e gap .
4 H
The sen tence afte r t he ga p, ' Exercise sho uld be a pleasu re' refers
to so me t hi ng yo u 'e n joy doing'.
5 "
Th e seco nd ha lf of t he phrasa l verb 'get up ' is af ter th e gap . Th e
form of ' wa lking' later in th e sen te nce is also a clu e, as we use
' t ry' with t he -i ng fo rm .
6 C
Th e missin g p h rase, 'k eep calm ' gives the sa me advice yo u read
befor e th e ga p: ' Don't get st ressed'. (Gra m mat ically, G is a lso
posstble.)
7 E
The mean ing of th e m issing phrase helps you decid e here.
S G
The previou s se ntence ment ions one extre me o f be ing 'a fitn ess
fanatic'. The mi ssing phrase contrasts with th is. (Gra m matic ally,
C is also po ssible.)
Listening
4 The co rrect answer is b .
TIP: Always read th e instructions carefully so you know what you
sho uld expec t to hear.
S
3 c
We hea r ' te n o ut of my twe lve gra ndchil d ren '.
4 a
Wc h ear ' the work o n the farm was ha rd and we spe nt all day
o utdoors'. He co n tradicts the othe r two o pt io ns : 'we had no idea
wha t a heal th y d iet was' and 'There was no nee d to take a ny
exercise'.
S b
We h ear '1 lost one brother and o ne sister ... bu t th ose t hat
survived lived in to old ag e' .
6 c
We hear 'What you ca n do is ... have a positiv e a tt it ude' .
7 b
He mentions giving lip smo king a pipe: 'after a week or so m y
wife co uld n' t sta nd it, so J th rew t he pip e aw ay' .
T
You find th e informat ion in qu estion l.
2 ,
Ques tio n 2 tells LIS he's been married once, twice or t h ree times.
Helen Crow
Mr Sinclair, how does it fee l to be one hundred?
Allstair Sincl air
Well, actually, I'm not one hundred yet. I was bo rn o n , 0 Septe m ber, so
my birthday's in two weeks ' time. I co uld n' t forget ab out it, everybody is
making so much fuss.
H elen Crow
You have such a big family, how ma ny people are com ing to ce lebrate ?
Mr Slncl alr
I've had six children, two by my second wife a nd fo ur by my third. Four
of them are still alive and the y're all coming, tog eth er with ten out of my
twelve grandchildren and most of my great-g ra ndchild ren. My eldest
qreet-qranddauqhter's expecting a baby, so yo u co uld say there'u be five
generations presen t.
Helen Crow
You're in perfect shap e, what do you do to keep fit?
Mr Sinclalr
Nowada ys, people see m crazy about having a healthy lifestyle. When I
was young, nobody thought about such thing s. I was o ne of te n child ren
in my family; we had no idea what a health y die t was, we we re happy if
we had enough to ea t. There was no need to take any exercise, the wo rk
on the farm was hard, and we spent all day outd oors. You had to be
strong; I lost one broth er and one sister quite early, but those that
survived lived into old age. We all probably took after my father, who died
at the age of ninety-four. I don't think you can do anything to guarantee
a long life, it just happens to yo u. You can' t avoid hardship, even
tragedi es, because that 's what life is like. What you can do is be as active
as possible and have a po sitive attitude.
H elen Cro w
.
Have you ever smoked?
Mr Sinclalr
Well, I haven't tried cigare tt es, no . But o nce I thou ght I'd look interesting
with a pipe, so I tried that. But after a wee k or so my wife co uld n' t stand
it, so I threw the pipe away. Actually, she left me a few mon ths later, but I
didn 't start smoking again.
Hel en Crow
Than k you, Mr Slnclalr, o n beha lf of our listeners I wish you all the best
a nd a very happy birthday.
M r Slnclair
Thank you.
Use of English
3 T
Questio n 3 tells us he's go t six, te n or twelv e grandchildren.
4 T
We rea d in q ues tion 4 di ffferent th ings tha t happen ed when Mr
Stn clat r 'was yo ung'.
5 F
Qu estio n 5 tells us Mr Sincla ir had bro th e rs an d siste rs.
6 T
7 p re positi o ns: int o, from , in , as, belo w
modal verbs: m ay, co u ld, sho uld have, will , is going to
pronouns: we, h im , tha t, herself, its
articles: t he, a n, (some)
determiners: m uch, a lot o f, some
linking words: how ever, t hat, alt hough, but, neverthe less
And your ow n an swer s.
Que stio n 6 te lls us what Mr Sinclair believes to be im po rtant.
7 T
Qu estio n 7 me ntions Mr Sincla ir giving up smo kin g.
TIP: Not ice that you can find o ut a lot abo ut Mr Sindair from the
questions before you even hea r the recording . This will help you
focus on specific infor mat ion as you listen.
SMART ANSWER KEY
181
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1S
1 bee n
Com pletes t he Present Perfect verb form .
2 able
' He ab le to ' is used to expr ess ability.
3 tha t/w h ich
Eit her wo rd is poss ib le to in troduce a defin in g relative cla use.
4 tha n
The meaning of t he sen tence helps decid e th is is a com parati ve
struc ture , whi ch we cou ld rephrase as 't he British ha ve onl y l'WT
go t as fa r as break fast' ,
5 order
The phrase ' in order la ' in tro duces an infi n itive of purp ose.
6 are
Completes th e Presen t Conti nuo us verb form . (Presen t Pe rfect
Co nunuous, 'ha ve been ch ang ing' wou ld be possible
grammatically, but the tas k requ tres th at you wr ite on ly one
2
3
4
5
16 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You mu st talk abou t all the possible ideas that a re listed in the
exam task.
Remember that the po int throug hout yo ur discussion is how suitable
they would be for use in a poste r campaign - so it's really about how
easily they ca n be communicated .
Conside r all five first, and then move onto deciding which two wo uld
be most suitable for the posters.
A good way to approach each one could be to ask each other wha t
wou ld happ en if everybody did or did n't do these things.
Rememb er to respond to wha t each other says.
word.)
7 up
Co m p letes the ph rasal verb 'tu rn up ', mean ing 'a rrive
{sponta neously)'.
8 likely
Mean ing 'it 's more likely th at yo u' ll be given cu rry or stir-fry t han
roast beef' .
Writing
Picture-based discussion
Writing an informal letter
17 1 of
Co m pletes t he st ruct ure '(dtsjadvantage of' + no u n/-illg form _
compa re to, for exa m ple, ' Resta uran ts h ave the disadvantage of
being ex pens ive.'
2 t he
Co m p letes t h is usef ul way of int rod ucing a n idea.
9 Your ow n ideas.
10 1 delicious
2 soph isticated
3 atmosphe re
.J. vegeta rians
5 fash ionable
3 to
Co mpletes t he useful expression 't he' most im po rta nt t hing is +
in finit ive with 'to'.
4 with
Completes t he st ructu re 'provide (som eone/somet h tngj with' +
nou n .
S in
Th is is the correct preposition : t he flavour s are in t he dish es.
TIP: Read the com pleted sente nces to check that they make sense
logically.
11 1 H
2
so
'So tha t' ha s similar meani ng to ' in order to' .
th eir
We need the possessive adjective here - it 's t he 'energy levels' of
' peo ple' .
most
Th e supe rlative is prese nted he re - 't he most im po rta n t poi nt'.
from
Co m pletes t he stru ctu re 'protec t (some body/something) from
(somebody/so met h ing else)' .
about
We're tnvtnng someone to give us t heir opin ion, to te ll us wha t
they 't hink abou t some t hi ng ' .
A
3
B
4 B
TIP: It's important to focus on using the a ppro priate style and
vocabul ary, not just on mean ing.
12 Fo rma l open in g a nd cl osi ng
Dear Sir/Ma da m/ Director -+ You rs faith fully
When you don 't know t he na me of the perso n you're wr iting to.
Dear Ms Bowl es -+ Yours sincerely
Wh en you kn ow the nam e of the person yo u're writing to.
In form a l ope n ing an d cl osin g
Dear jesstca -+ All th e best/ Lots of love
Dependi ng on how well yo u know t he pe rson yo u'r e wr it ing to.
13 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must a nswer all the qu estion s in the letter you have bee n
sent.
You must make sure you produ ce an app rop riate informal let ter: it
must have a suitable opening and closing.
Make sure you see what you need to do:
ide ntify the natio nal dishes
explain which ones are your favourites
say w hen you have your main meal
discuss any cha nges that are hap pen ing to food and eating .
You shou ld think carefully a bout how ma ny words you will use on
eac h section.
Make the most of oppo rtun ities to show how much lang uage you
know. Don't just name foods (afte r all, that won't be in English
anyway). Explain that a d ish is, for exam ple, absolutely delicious, or
very spicy, or coo ked very slowly, or popu lar in the south of the
country, or made only in winte r, and so on .
If you ha ve to wor k late, you can eat a fast food d in ner on yo ur
way h om e.
2 For young people, fast foo d is a cheap alte rnative to a resta urant.
3 Let's face it , some people don't like cooki ng an d fast food means
they don 't have to do it.
4 If you ne ed to provide a large group wit h a meal, fast food is an
easy way to do it.
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must dea l with the questions tha t the exam task includes.
You can use the questions to provide you with a struc ture for your
talk.
For this level, the que stion s a re rather straightforward, so you sho uld
try to int rod uce ideas of your own.
Try to think of different ways in which you ca n com pare - and
contrast - the foods show n in the pictures.
You can expand app aren tly sim ple questions. For exam ple, when you
are asked 'Which would you prefer?', take t he op po rtu nity to talk
abou t you r eating habits in ge neral. You can explain that you ofte n
eat tradit ional food, but that yo u are qu ite health-con scious, an d so
you also eat a lot of salads. However, if you go out to the cinema
with friends in the evening, you are quite likely to get some fast food
to share before the film starts, an d so on.
Higher level
Listening
Speaking
Situational role-play
14 I Exercise regu larly
2 Dress sensibly
:l Get e nough sleep
18
.J. Eat less sugar
5 Always wash your hands
1 I Three.
2 About medical problems they ha ve experien ced .
3 One wo rd in each gap .
TIP: Always read the instructions carefully to make sure you
unde rsta nd exactly what you need to do.
2 1 m ounta in (noun)
2 sm oke (verb )
:l roast chicken (noun )
4 ru n n ing (-i llg form of ve rb)
3 Your own idea s.
182
SMART A NSWER KEY
5
6
7
8
money (n oun )
basketball (nou n)
dangerous (ad jective)
dairy product s (nou n)
4 LISTENING EXAM
1 ladder
The ball was in the tree so Jo hn went on a ladde r to try to gel it.
2 worry
John says t he doctor said 'I shouldn't worrv'. She also said John
should do so me exe rcise.
'
3 soup
He says he 'loves' sou p ' whe n h e's not well'.
4 skiing
Remember the answer must be one wo rd. You can not answer with
'a ll holid ay' or 'go ing the wron g way' etc.
S insuran ce
Gram matic ally. it cannot be 'i nsured', and 'bills' wou ld not make
sense.
6 swi mming
know my parents we re worried.
Agneta
r reme mbe r 1 thou ght they we re pretty strange.
John
And is it righ t they we re part of an allergy?
Davld
Yes, a bad allerg ic reaction . So now 1 must never have any strawberries. As
long as I don't, I' m OK.
Agneta
Ooh, that' s not fair. Strawber ries are the best fruit!
Davld
Well, I've never been crazy abou t them a nyway...
Use of English
She ' loves' swimmi ng. and not being able to ' was th e wo rst
thing',
7 funny
5
2
He t hough t t hey were ' funn y'; it was his parents wh o were
'worried' , an d Agneta who t ho ugh t t hem 's t range',
8 st rawberries
He says he 'must never have an y st rawbe rries', David 's allergic to
stra wb erries.
3
4
lIr 18 TRANSCRIPT
Davld
Hi Agneta, hi John .
S
Agneta
Hi Devid.
John
Hi David.
Davld
Did you hurt your foo t?
Agn eta
It looks terrible!
John
Yes, it doesn't look good, does it? Oh, I was so stupid. I was playing wit h
a ball, and it got stuck up a tree. The only way to get it back was to go
up the tree, I thought, so I got my dad's ladder , and started climbing up
that , but th en I slipped, and so me and the ladder cam e crashing down. I
landed badly on my foot , and so here we are .
Davld
Oh dea r! And is it broken? Will the dama ge be perm anent ?
Agneta
What did the doctor say?
John
She said it's not actually broken, and basically said I sho uldn't worry - it
will fully recover. In the meantime I have to do some gentle exercise .
So I have to rest a lot. But it's OK, I ca n watch TV a lot. And eat , too. I
always love having soup when I'm not well - it's really nice. Anyway,
didn't you damage your foot last year, Agneta?
Agneta
Er, my leg, not foo t, bu t yes, it was horrible. It ruined my holida y. We
we re skiing, and I we nt the wro ng way suddenly som ehow - I do n't
know, but , crack, that wa s that.
John
Awful. And I suppose the ho liday was expensive.. .
Agneta
Yes, and to make matters wo rse my da d, my silly dad , had n't
rem em bered to renew my travel insurance, so I wasn' t insured a t a ll. We
had to pay really big hospital bills.
John
Oh no.
Davld
How long were you out of action?
Agneta
I don 't know, it was wee ks and weeks and wee ks. I hated it because I
cou ld n' t really do anyth ing .
John
1 wou ldn't mind!
Agneta
Yes, but I couldn't eve n go for a walk, and you know how I really love
swimming, so it was completely awful no t being able to go - tha t was the
worst thing.
John
At least you've never broken a nyth ing, David.
Davld
Yes, I'm glad about that.
Agn eta
But on the othe r hand you had that skin thing.
John
Oh, yes, your amazi ng spots.
Davld
last month, yes. There were so many - they seemed funny to me, but I
6
False.
We read 'coo le r weath er doesn 't cause co ld '.
True .
We read 'd ry a ir ma kes t he nasal cavity mor e susceptible to bugs '.
True.
We read 'cases of co lds a nd nu su rge between the begin n in g of
autumn and spring'.
Patse.
We read 'two to fou r resp irat o ry infecti on s a yea r; ch ild ren even
m or e'.
True.
You also have to read the four possible ans w ers to dec ide t his, as
the gap is whe re a key ve rb wo u ld be (positive or negative). All
four o pt ions seem to encourage you to avoid physical contact.
You may be able to decide without reading the answers if you
read the whole paragraph instead, but it 's less obvious.
False.
We read 'kissing and sh a king hands a re su re ways to catch a cold ' .
6 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 b
The phrasal verb ' brus h up (on somet hin g)' means to 'revise/ recall
what you know (a bo ut so me th ing)' .
2 a
The phrase is 'co n tra ry to po pu lar belief' , meaning 'many people
believe it but it's not act ua lly t rue'.
3 d
Using ' a cha nce' would also be co rrect , but not without the
indefinite article 'a'.
• d
Co mp letes t he ph rase 'associated wit h', meani ng 'co nn ected to'.
5 a
Co mp letes t he phrase 't he ave rage (ad ult)', used to give a typica l
exa m ple to illustra te th e po int you' re making.
6 a
Ihts is th e o n ly wo rd that fits the context logica lly as well as
gram matically,
7 c
You do n 't have to avoid peo ple wit h a co ld comple tely but you
need to be care fu l aro und th em so yo u don't catch a virus from
th em .
8 c
Co mp letes the phrase 'keep (alone's) distance' .
Reading
7
I Because of thi s
2 so
3 Altho ugh
'" as a result Of
TIP: Note the co nnection between cause and effect, an d the various
ways in which yo u can e xpress this.
8 A True.
B False.
They suffe red from 'scu rvy' , bot seasick ness .
C True.
o True .
E False.
A varied diet is mentioned, but weight loss is not connected to
thi s.
f f a lse.
we read 'It has a lon g history' .
G True.
H False.
He in tr oduced a new measur e m ent fo r the 'heat value' o f foods to measure how much e nergy they contain.
fa lse.
There's no mention of Vita m in C in the paragr aph .
SMART ANSWER KEY
183
9 READING EXA M
I A
Thi s paragraph introduces th e topic and the gen eral idea of diets
and dieting.
2 G
Thi s paragraph goes on to explain the 'diffe rent kind ' of diets
introduced in th e previ ous paragraph .
3 I:
This paragraph picks up 'all th ese' - th e list of kind s in th e
previous paragraph - and focuses on the modern meaning.
•
S
adverb 'o ften'.
6 e
' It's a good idea ' + infin itive with ' to' is a good struc ture for
making suggestions and recommendations in a positive way.
14 Your own ideas.
1 S SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The exam task makes its requirements clear, and you must talk
about the points it mentions.
The best approach is probably to begin by describing the pictures.
There are oppo rtun ities here for you to show some of the lang uage
you know by describing them in interesting detai l.
Don't forget that you can specu late a little: What treatment is the
young wo man having? Why do you think it is needed ?
Think about the lang uage functions requ ired for the two ques tions in
the exam task. The first requ ires you to explain things, the second to
use appro priate ways to make suqqestlons or recom menda tions.
C
This paragraph begin s with ' it', meaning th e ' h isto ry' at the end
of the previous paragraph .
S E
This paragraph links to ' William th e Co nqueror' in the previo us
paragraph with ' h im',
6 11
Th is paragraph tal ks abo ut 't hese', lin king hack to 'diffe ren t
things our bodies need ' in the previou s parag raph .
7 Il
This paragraph link s ' the discovery' to the realisation abo ut
Vitamin C in the previous paragraph.
s
It
This para graph mo ves on from the previou s one - ' nobod y knew'
- to the work of Atwater.
9 I
This paragraph links 't h is measurement' to the 'calorie' t' mcasure
th e heat value.. .') in th e previous paragraph.
Debate
16 Possible answers:
Hea lth y: gyms- cycle paths, co mmuti ng to work /sch ool by publi c
tran spo rt
Un healt hy: fast food , surfing the Int ern et, uvtng in citie s, so ft drinks
I'lhc catego risation depends o n your own opinion. )
17 You r own idea s.
18 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: First think about wha t ideas are involved: there are actually two
separate statements: our mod ern lifestyle is unh ealthy, and we live
longer than 100 years ago .
Think of things that are unhealthy about the way we live to support
the first statement. Try to think of counter-arguments, as well: what
are the healthy aspects of mod ern living?
Now conside r what you know abo ut life 100 years ago, and how
muc h has chang ed since about the way we live. Don 't forget : you' re
not tested on how mu ch you know about the early 20th century, but
abo ut how well you express you rself in English!
If you don't know somet hing for certain, yo u can say so, for examp le
'I'm not sure if it's true but maybe people ate more mea t and less
vegetables' . Or, you can speculate about the changes 'Working out
and exercising may have becom e more po pular in the last 100 years'.
l ook at the Speaking Bank on page 128 for some useful phrases for
the debate task.
Writing
Writing a letter from the editor (of a student
magazine)
10 1 c
Com pletes t he st ructure: adjective + 'for (someo ne)' + infi n itive
with 'to'. For example, 'it was exc iting for us to visit Australia. '
2 a
Putt ing 'W hat' at th e fron t like t h is is a usefu l way o f makin g
you r focus clear. For exa mple , ' What I find really difficult In
English is t he phrasa l verbs .'
3 a
Co mpletes the expression 'give a point of View', mean ing to
'say/ write what you think. To ' have a point of view ' Is simply
what you think.
• C
c o mpletes the phrase ' as long as', whi ch mean s ' if'.
S b
Co mpletes the ' be go ing to ' future form.
11 Your own ideas.
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: Your letter must include all four points in the list that the exam
task specifies.
Your lette r needs to have an opening and closing, such as 'Dear Rita',
and it needs to sign off from you as editor. However, it wouldn't be
ap propr iate to write comments like 'See you soon,' as you proba bly
don 't know the person well (or at all).
The main part of your lett er needs to respond to what Rita has
written, and then to make your own suggestions.
The first and fourth points listed can pro bably be written in one or
two sentences each.
Think carefully about how many words and senten ces you will need
to prepare to write for the main two points.
Write in an appropriate neutral style throughout. Remember that
your reply is meant to be read by all the students who read the
magazine .
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
13 I d
This is th e first co nd itio nal, here used to make a
recommendation .
2 I
' Fluo ride in your toothpaste' is the subject of th e verb 'makes'.
3 a
'Should ' is for clear adv ice: the time phrase 'every two o r three
mo nths' wo rks like an adverb on the verb 'change' ,
•
184
b
The
first co nd itional her e co m mun icates a warning of th e bad
outco mes of eat ing certain foods.
SMART ANS W ER KEY
C
'111l' passive is US("d with the verb 'cause'; not e the positi on o f th e
9 Sport
Reading
1 The best summary is b.
2 Possible answers:
I He saw Evcrton play l .tverpool with his dad o n 'IV at hi s uncle's
house.
2 He played in the school team .
3 li e wo n a swimming competi tio n.
4 li e buys a seaso n ticket.
5 Liverpool won the Cha mpions' League.
6 The ir car broke down on the motor way.
3 READING EXAM
I
f
We read ' My fath er and my o lder brother support Evcrton . but I
suppo rt Liverpool'.
2 B
ti e tells the story of th e first Liverpool game he watched on
telev ision , whe n he ' loved th e way th e Red s played ' (the Red s is
th e nickn ame for Liverpool . after the colour of their team shi rt )
and decided 'to become a Liverpool pla yer'.
-' A
He answ ers ' I've n ever played for a serious team ', although he also
mentions ha ving played for his school team.
• D
His answ er in cludes ' I go alo ng to all th e hom e gam es', and 'I
wea r red every Saturda y'.
5 C
I-Ie refers to watching hi s team winning th e Champions' League
as 'amazing', some he 'still can 't believe'.
6 (j
He tells the story of how h e wanted to go to the I-'t\ Cup Final to
Card iff with his frien d, but th eir car brok e dow n .
Listening
4
S
Possib le answer:
The recording h about a famous sportsperson, Muhammad AIi. who
was a boxer.
a an d c
State me nt h is about Muham mad Ali's o pin ion a bo ut his
daughter's box i ng. 'A l i ke' m eans 'si m ilar',
2 aand b
' By (a ce rtai n tim e)' a nd 'be fore (a ce rtain lime)' a re sim ilar in
meaning - th ey refe r to t ill' pe riod sta rt ing befor e, t hen finis h in g
at his 25t h birth day.
3 a and c
Statement 1J has th e exact opposite meaning. If so met h ing takes
you less time to do, you can do it ea rlier tha n expected.
6 LISTENING EXAM
1 d
We hear ' he was known ... for h is poetry', He d idn't win three
Olympic go ld medals. but beca me t he heavyweight box ing wor ld
champion three times. He was n't ac tua lly a 'ra pper', t he text only
says his ability co uld have ma de h im o ne.
2 a
Jot' Martin ', a nd in t ill'
next sen tence men tions th at ' Mart in was the boxing coac h'.
The record i ng refers to 'a local po liceman
3 b
We he a r t hat 'he signed a lucrat ive pro fessiona l co ntr act' very
soon after h is Olympic victory a t the age of 18 . He was a n
amateu r boxer for only 6 years. won most of h is m at ches, and
'became a celebrity', so non e of the other options are correct.
• c
We hear ' li e refused to serve in the Ame rican army ... and, as a
resu lt, he lost his championsh ip belt' (the belt bei ng the symbol
of t he cha mpion). His five-year sentence that's me ntioned in the
recor d tng 'was ca nce lled by the Supreme Co urt'.
S d
We hea r ' he ha s not bee n forgo tten'. The reco rd ing co ntrad icts a ll
th e ot he r t hree answe rs.
~ 19
TRANSCRIPT
You must have hea rd about Muha mmad AIi - pro bab ly the most famous
athlete and one of the best- known people in the world. But what do you
actually know about his life?
He was the first three -time heavyweight boxing champion of the world.
He was known for his powerful fists as well as for his poetry. His ability to
compose rhymes on the run could easily qua lify him as the first rapper. He
won an Olympic go ld meda l and laler threw it into a river in prot est
against racism in America.
Ali's interest in box ing began whe n he was 12. He was livi ng in a poor
black neighbourh ood in Louisville, together with his parents and broth er
Rudy. One day, when his new bicycle got stolen , Ali repo rted the fact to a
local policeman Ice Martin . He was furious and said that he was going to
beat up the thief. Martin was the boxing coach at the toutsvtlle's Club
and he also had a TV show called 'Tomo rrow's Cha mpions'. Seeing Ali's
de terminat ion, he suggested that the boy learned to fight.
Ali passionately devoted himself to amateur boxing. He t rained hard and
soon became a celebrity in his hometown. Within the next few years, he
won 100 of his 108 matches. At 18, he became Olympic gold medallist
and very soon he signed a lucrative professional contract.
In the 1960s, Ali became one of the mos t cont roversial figures in his
cou ntry. He refused to serve in the American a rmy in Vietnam for religious
reasons a nd, as a result, he lost his cham pionship belt. He was also
sente nced to five years in prison , but later the sente nce was cancelled by
the Supreme Court.
Muhammad Ali retired from boxing in 198 1 and soo n afterwards he wa s
diagnosed with Pa rkinson 's disease. However, he rem ained active in
various fields and he has not bee n forgotten. In 1999, he was nam ed
Sportsman of the Century by one of the biggest sports magazi nes. In the
same year, Ali's daughter Laifa made her debut as a boxer despite her
father's earlier comments against female boxing.
Use of English
1
watch
We norma lly say 'watch tsomeuu ng) on TV'.
2 com pete
Completes th e p hrase 'com pete fo r (a pr ize )'.
3 score
You can w in matches, but goa ls or po in ts a rc sco red.
.. play
It's a good idea to memorise which sports and games we 'play',
'do' and which we refer to with 'go' + -illS form.
S does
See the note for -t.
6 hi t
Do n' t con fuse how you get points in competitive sports with t he
result. You hit t he ball to sum:. a point.
7 sailed
We nor m ally use 'sail ' to refer to travelling by boat.
8 is played
Passive is needed he re.
8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I Til e first modern Olym pic Ga mes we re he ld in Athe ns in 18 96 .
Grammat icall y ' in 189 6 in Ath ens ' wo uld a lso he correct , butth e
full sto p is given a t th e end of year.
2 Th e w inner of each competttton wins a gold medal.
:\ When the win ners receive their medal, their na tiona l ant hem is
p layed.
-t Th ere has also bee n a Winter O lympics ever}" four yea rs since
19 24 .
5 Before 1988 o nly amateurs could compete in the Olympic Games.
'Only' logically refe rs to 'amateurs' here, so its place is not
between the two parts of t he verb.
6 Ove r :\.5 billion people watched t he Sydney Olympics on
telev ision.
7 More t han eleve n th ou sand co mpetitors took pa rt in 2004 in the
Syd ney Slim me r Olympics.
You have to use two ' in' preposttt on s, so ' in th e 200 4 Syd ney
Summer Oty mptcs' ca n no t be correct.
8 The large num ber of peo ple who take par t makes it dif ficu lt and
expensive for the host cities to organise O lympics.
TIP : Sentence 8 is difficult because of the large number of words.
Cross out each one as you've used it, then re-read the sen tence to
see where any words that are left over could logically fit.
Writing
Writing an emait
9 1 Basketball is played by a lmost every boy in m y region .
2 Olym pic cha m pio ns arc ad m ired by eve ryo ne.
3 A to ta l of ten go ld medal s we re won by our coun try in th e last
Olym pic Games.
4 Spor t will be played by fewer young peo ple in t he future, I' m
afraid. / I'm afraid spo rt will be played by fewer young peo ple in
the future.
5 The league championship final was watched by over 20 million
people.
10 There's nobody in the world as mad on sport .il5: my siste r. She wakes
up ta lking about it, and plays it ~ second she can of the day. I
th in k she dreams about it at night. Her bed room walls ardblodroo m
~ is covered in pos te rs o f fam o us spo rtspeople. All he r frien ds are
just !..llt same. I'm t!illill)' dif fer en t. I ca n ta ke it or lea ve it. I watch a
ga me o f foo tba ll occasion ally, but o nly if there isn 't i'! goo d film o n.
11 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: Yo u must write abo ut exac tly what the exam task asks you to
write about.
Make sure you notice the words ' in your reg ion', and that you make
this the focus of your message.
You only have up to SOwords for your mesiage, and there is a lot to
say - three points altogether. Plan how many words to spend on
each point befo re you start writing.
If you miss a po int out, you will lose marks.
It you include some reasons for what you say, you will get more
ma rks.
Write in a neut ral style, as you do n't know th e people you're writing
to.
Writing an informal letter
12 I fo r
Com pletes t he structure 'be good/bad fo r (someone/somethi ng)' .
2 "
Complete", the phrase 'at least' , meaning 'a minimum of'.
3 what
'What' here means ' th e things that'.
-t in
'I n' always follows 'interested' in this kind of context.
S or
Th ese a rt' all atternauves. wit hin a negati ve list.
6 to
Co mpletes the st ruct ure 'ca n' t wa it to (do someth tng j' Thi s is no t
t he same as 'w a it for (so meo ne/some th ing)', for example, ' I'm
waiting fo r t he bus', or 'He waited for her in the pa rk'.
SMART ANSWER KEY
18S
13
D
First conditio na l sentence: 'if' + Presen t Simple followed by 'w ill'.
2 A
The collocation is 'att itude to (somet hing/ somebod y)'.
J C
The second half gives the condition for the higher achievements:
being ' part of a team'.
19 I just
2 soon
TIPS: You must talk about all five of the aspects that the exam task
specifies.
With two pictures and five things to consider, you have a useful
structure provided for you to talk about.
You should probably begin by describing the two photos in a fairly
straightforward way, while you collect your thoughts. Then you can
move on to the discussion side of the task.
You can express your own opinions, as long as you also show you are
aware that there are other ways of considering the subject. For
example, you cou ld say something like: 'Persona lly, I'm very happy
just to be playing spo rt. I'm not too worried about winning, or
losing. But I can see that these three girls look very ha ppy, and I think
that this may be becau se they have just won a race. So I g uess that
winning is really import ant for them .. .'
Completes the phrase ' make (somebody) do (something)'.
5 B
The first half is the subject of the complete sentence expressed in
an -ing form.
6 E
Completes the struc ture 'a (ad jective) way' + in fin itive with 'to' .
14 WRITING EXAM
Higher level
Reading
1 The best answer is 2.
In the second paragraph , we read ' Ex perimen ts involving overweight
children ... showed that those who had to pedal when they wanted
to watch their favourite programmes .. . watched far less television '.
2 Possible answers;
2 Experiments involving overweight children aged between eight
and twelve showed that those who had to pedal when they
wanted to watch their favourite programmes not only watched far
less te levisio n, but also recorded impressive loss of fat. (pa ragrap h
Speaking
2)
3 Hut there are other t hings we could do that are only lim ited by
our imagina tio ns . (the last line in parag raph 3)
4 Mr Alliso n once proposed t hat people shou ld be charged to travel
in lifts in an effort to encou rage th em to use t he sta irs. (th e first
sentence in paragraph 4 )
5 Mr Allison ... said t hat 13% of Ame rican children were co ns idere d
serious ly over w eight. (second sen tence in pa ragraph 4)
6 Ch ildren who had the 'couch potato 'IV sets' watched on ave rage
one hour of television a week w hile children in a second 'cont rol'
grou p watc hed more than twenty hours. (last sentence in t he
article)
Situational role-play
1S I Me you more interested in playing or watching/watc h ing or
2
3
4
5
16
playing spo rts?
Note th e wo rd order 'are yo u' for questions, a nd 'i nterested' + 'in'.
Why do you fin d that more interesting?
'Do' is used to make t he question form, a nd ' that' is a pro noun,
used to represent t he t h ing the ot her pe rson just satd. 'More' is
part of a compa rative adjective.
00 you currently watch or play/play or watch some kind of sport?
'Do ' is the auxiliary for the question form here. Notice the wo rd
order for the position of the adverb 'currently'.
What is it that you like about that sport?
This is a more focused way of asking, 'What do you like about
sport?'
How much time do you haw available for a new sport?
' Do' is used for the question fo rm, and notice how the question is
divided across ' much time' and 'available for' - 'for' always
follows 'available' in this kind of co ntex t.
I A and C
1\ and D
2
]
4
AandC
AandC
5 Ba nd D
6 B and O
TIP: Rem emb er which ways of making suggestions we use with an
infinitive without 'to', and which with an -ing form .
TIP: Notice that the order of true /false statements follows the order
of information in the article.
3 READING EXAM
I T
TIPS: There are fou r things you must do in this exam task, and they
are clearly listed for you.
For the d iscussion to be interesting a nd effective, you need to
develop the ideas. Askyour partner to give reasons, to explain why
he or she says what he or she says. In the same way, when you ge t to
the final part of the discussion, you must make sure that you give
your reasons for choosing to recommend the sports that you do.
Picture-based discussion
186
I She's wearing a black ben, so she must be really ~.
Either you 'd ress ill clothes' or, more usually, you 'wear clothes'. A
girl might 'd ress' her do ll, and the nurse or doctor mig ht 'd ress'
your injury with a bandage. (A black belt in ma rtial arts is t he
symbol of a master.j We need the adjective 'good ' he re to refe r to
her martial skills.
2 All four o f t hem i l l about the same age.
Remember, in English we say 'be an age', not 'have a n age' like in
some other languages.
3 is co rrect.
4 You can see that t hey' re rea lly pleased 1Y.i.1b th emselves.
Correctly com pletes t he st ruct ure 'be pleased wit h
(someone/somet h ing)' - also works wit h many ot her adjectives of
feeling , for example, ' I'm very angry with hi m.' Don't confuse
this with 'be proud' + 'of.
5 is correct.
SMART ANSWER KEY
2 F
3 F
-I T
5 F
6 F
NOTE: Compare the information found in exercise 2 with the
statements to dec ide if they are true or false.
Listening
4 Your o w n ideas.
5
1 a
17 SPEAKING EXAM
18
5 better
6 long
20 SPEAKING EXAM
.,
TIPS: Your lett er must cove r all the requir ed points in eno ugh de tail.
You need to spend at least 60 words on average on each point. Make
sure you have e noug h ideas prepared - don 't just start writing and
hope the ideas will come. (Eve n if they do come, they won't co me in
the right order.)
For the first point, don't just list the names of a few sports. Give this
some inte rest. and use different verb tenses, by saying which sports
you used to play (but don't now), which sports you play better, or
worse, or with whom, what time of yea r, and so on.
For the second point, really try to explain your reasons. Whatever
your attitude, it isn't right or wrong - but it does need to be made
clear.
For the third point, try to think in different ways. Health may be the
obvious aspect to mention, but there are all sorts of other aspects
too, from discipline, to psychology.
Write your letter in a friendly, informal way to your penfrien d.
3 toget he r
4 very
2e
3 b-ld
5 c
TIP: Make sure the sentence halves match logically as well as
gramma tically.
6 B a nd D.
The lan guage used in th e other sentences is stronger than in these
two . B, in particular, is quite gentle - 'I think you could' . However,
don't forge t that the effect of what someone says can be as much
from the way they speak as from the actual words they use .
7 LISTENING EXAM
clothes
We hear ' making sure you 're wearing the proper clothes. You need
them to protect you .. .'
2 altitude
We're told to 'build up the right attitude.' This is explained to us:
' If you don't expect to win , don 't be lieve you 're going to , then
you won't.' 'Ve must put a noun in the gap, so we can't write
'be lieve', fo r example.
J ambition
We 'need ambition ' to deve lop pe rformance - 'to get better and
stro nger an d faster.'
4 relax
Because 'tension can be a real enemy,' we must learn how to ' make sure yo u know how to' - 'relax' when not training - ' in the
time when yo u're not on your bike.'
I
5 eat
The trainer says, ' Yo u must cut properly, all th e right foods and
no ne of the wrong foods.' If not , o ur perf o rmance will decrease 'wit ho ut t he righ t stuff go ing in , yo ur body won 't give o f its best .'
6 healthy
We shou ld stay - ' keep' - healthy.
~ 20
Use of English
2
3
-t
.5
6
I
2
TRANSCRIPT
Cycling trainer
Good eve ning everyon e. Now, we'll be going thro ugh to th e gym in a
m inute, but I'll just say a few wo rds about training and race prepar ation
first. There are many factors to cons ider. The first thing of all is your
ma chin e. Choos ing th e righ t bike for you is where it all kicks off from . But
no less import ant than that is making sure you' re wearing th e pro per
clothes. You need them to protect you from th e elements and also in the
event of falling off your bike. OK, but it's no t all visible things tha t co unt.
You ca n have the best bike in the world, but you wo n't win anyt hing
un less yo u build up the right attit ude. If yo u do n't expect to win, do n' t
believe you 're going to, then yo u wo n't. And an integ ral part of this is
wa nting to get bett er - you need a mbition if yo u' re going to get bett er
and stronge r an d faster. And you also need a bit of intelligence to go with
it. 50 ed ucate yourself, lea rn abo ut th e tec hnical side of racing - study a
bit of physics, check the det ails of the race co urse, wha t gear to use
where, and so on. Right, well, the rest of my advice conce rns what you
do off the bike - which is very important too. Tension can be a real
enemy. Make sure you know how to re lax in the time when you' re not on
you r bike. Then you re-ch arge your batteries. Stressed out riders do n't win
- they just ge t to the doctors quicke r! Related to this is diet. You m ust eat
properly, all the right foods an d none of the wrong foods. Without the
right stuff going in, your body won't give off its best. Your body is as
much of a machine as you r bike, so look after it. Don't smoke, drin k, stay
up lat e - always keep healthy. Well, those are th e basics. l et's go throu gh
now and the n you ca n see what
8
11 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
harmful
We need an adj ect ive aft er th e adv erb .
facilitate
We need a verb here. The 'to' is part o f t he infi n it ive, not a
preposi t ion .
ide n tify
We co uld use either wor d after ' help' but we wo u ld need 'of after
the no un ' iden tification', a nd the defi n ite a rticle 'the' befo re il.
important, an unnecessary
The first .....ord m ust be an adject ive to co m plete t he statement.
For the second word, you must co nsi der .....hat the statement
means: an 'int rusion' is a negative t hing. something that affects
people's lives in a way they don't want.
decided, prest ige
The first word must be t he th ird form of the verb to complete a
passtve sentence. Th e mea ni ng o f 'decisive' is 'very important fo r
the fin al resu lt' , which doesn't suit the con tex t. Th e seco nd word
is a noun beca use it co mes after t he article 'the'.
disagree
Both a re poss ible grammattcally, but th e statem en t o n ly m a kes
Sl' IlSC if yOll use th e negat ive verb.
9/10 Posstble answers:
ve rbs
"'C
dtsusc
n ouns
adj ectives
adv erbs
"'"
useful
useless
uselessly
usage
user
disuse
usefully
" 'Od
disuse d
nffessary
u nnecessary
neccssarny
u nnccessarfly
offence
offender
offe nsive
of fensively
qualify
d isqualify
qual ification
q ualifi er
q uality
d isq ua lificatio n
qualifying
d isqualifying
suffice
(su fficiency)
(ins ufficiency)
sufficien t
insufficien t
sufficie nt ly
in suffici entl y
co m pete
co m pe tit ion
co m petitor
competit iveness
inco m pe tence
competit ive
compcttttvely
(spcctate)
spectacle
spectator
spectacu lar
spectacularly
necessitate
necessity
refuse
refusa l
offend
3
-t
.5
6
7
8
use
We need a nou n aft er ' the'.
necessita tes
The long clause be fore t he verb is the subject 'The use .,. of
subs ta nces ... considered as do p ing', a nd 'disciplinary act ion' is
t he sub ject. The m eaning is: ' Doping ma kes it necessary to take
disciplinary action', in other words 'to punish' people for doping.
refusal
We need a no un after 't he',
offences
You haw to think about the mea n ing he re. What you 'repeat' are
th e unacceptable actio ns , in other wo rds 'offences '. You' li need to
use th e pl ural fo rm , as we' re referring to repe ated occas ions.
d isq ualificatio n
We know it must be a noun because it follows the lnd cfl nltc
a rticle 'a' . The co n te xt makes it cle ar th e word refe rs to ti ll'
pun ish m en t t hat peopl e who use doping rece ive.
insufficien t
You ne ed to read the who le paragra ph to make sure we ne ed a
neganve adje ct ive here. Th e text sugges ts th e problem is even
mort' co mplex th an it first ap pea rs,
co m pet itors
The mea n ing is important here. The sentence tal ks about people
wa n ting to ac hieve more than the people t hey a rc compet ing
aga inst, mor e than thei r 'co mpetitors'.
spectacular
We need an adjective to tell us what kind of 'results',
Writing
Writing an argumentative essay
12 Your ow n ideas.
13 Possible an swers:
Definition uf sport :
or gani sed physica l acti vit y in co m pet itio n
Ad vanta ges of spurt:
helps you concentrat e on study ing
encou rages team buil di ng
keeps you fit
makes people feel proud
Disa d va ntages of spo rt:
too com petit ive
makes people who don't like it feel excluded
crea tes conflict
And your ow n ideas.
14 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must ca refully construct a clear and log ica l argument for
this exam task. The content is up to you - the ide as need to be your
ow n.
You need to give your essay a strong structure, so that the reader can
easily follow what you wan t to say.
Use facts, and then build arg uments up . For e xam ple, describe the
situation regard ing Physical Education in yo ur scho ol. Say how much
there is, and wha t you do. Then say whether it is useful o r not a nd
why. Say what it's like for peopl e wh o are n' t good at it. Say, moving
on, what could happen if yo u did n't a ll do it. Say how these ot he r
th ings wou ld and wo uldn't be useful fo r individ ua ls and the school.
Use an appropriate fo rmal style throughout your essay.
Speaking
15 I nervou s
2 feeling
3 motivated
4 m depe ndent
S sec ta!
TIP: Make sure the words fit the sentences logically as well as
grammatically,
16 To be l!!mill l don't really enjoy looking at these Images! S'X)rt isn't
something t hat interests me much . I mean, of co urse I can see that
lots of peo ple like it. Some people are co mpletely obsessed ~ it m y brother, for example. I think t he problem for me is that I was
bad at spo rt when I started school, and t he sp o rts teac her ma de it
ve ry skar that thi s was tru e! So we never really had a close
conversa tio n lihfI~ the o ne he re. because I was never in t he
team, Spor t always mak es m e fee l left Q.1J.1 of t hi ngs, not a') good as
o the r people.
SMART ANSWER KEY
187
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS : You must discuss fully the co mparisons and co ntrasts tha t the
exam task requires of yo u here.
You need to spec ulate qui te a lot so th at you can respond to th e task.
Say wh at yo u imagine the different people m ight be talking about, o r
what they m ight be feetinq.
Bring in your own relevant experiences. It doesn't matte r whether
your experiences a re positive or negativ e - you (an use them here.
J d ifferent
In H, th e t h ing that you 'prefer' is the t hing that you thin k is
better o r m o re interesting.
-4 different
If you 'wonder', you really don't know, but if you 'e xpect '
something to happen you believe that it will happen.
7 LISTENING EXAM
I
18 Possible answers:
for : risk, adrena line rus h, cha lle ngi ng yo ur body. doing so mcthtng
di ffe re n t. you nee d relia ble equipmen t, danger is exc tung. se nse of
ach ieve m e nt, fun
Aga in st: risk, yo u need relia ble eq uip me n t, accid ents
And yo ur ow n ideas.
2 T
\Iaria says: 'I' d forgo tten to eat before we went, so I kept wanting
it to e nd, so I co u ld go an d get so me t hing to ea t.'
3 T
Davld says: ' it's t rue it was lo ng, but th at 's beca use rtn ecdcd to
he, J th in k. It's a co m plicated sto ry.'
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: In t his task type, yo u often find a state ment that ta kes a n
extreme view point, so it's easier for yo u to take sides for or aga inst it.
First of a ll, de cide if you ag ree or disagre e.
Use the ideas generated by exercise ' 8 to start pla nn ing your
arguments.
l oo k at the Speaking Ban k on page 128, so you can use a ra nge of
different phrases to respon d to your pa rtner's argu me nts.
Success in this task is measu red by how well you com munic ated your
own ideas, and how well you respo nded to your partner's ideas - not
by who persuaded whom in the end.
10 Free time and culture
Reading
1 Poss ible answers:
1 Newsp ape rs have existed in Britain for 300 yea rs, but tabloid s are
twice as popu lar as 'q uality' newspaper s.
2 Tab lo ids a re c haracter ised by t he typ e of news t hey feat ure - very
o ften focusin g o n celebrities.
3 Th ere ar e many qu estionable aspect s of ta bloid journalism.
4 Gossip is po pu la r, an d the m ain aim o f tab loids is to e nter ta in,
not to in form.
2 The best answe r is b.
This is t he only sentence that co nnects t he sen te nce befo re a nd the
one after the gap.
3 READING EXAM
1 F
The 'new newspaper' that everyone could buy mentioned in this
sentence is contrasted wit h ea rlie r newspapers that 'only a tiny
m in ori ty" read in me previous sentence.
2 C
Th e sente nce goes on to explain wh at 'stze and format'
characte rise tabloids.
3 B
The sente nce gives an exa m ple of w ha t 'ce rta in kinds' of news
yo u find in a tabloid.
4 H
'The m' a nd ' t he ir' here refe r to th e 'cele brit ies' m entio ned befor e
the ga p.
S G
The sen tence mentions ' these acc usa tio ns' whic h refers to th e
things th at ta bloids we re accused of, me nti oned before t he gap.
6 A
We read after the gap about 'a co nsequence of this attitu de',
referring to the tab loids' view 'that the public has the righ t to
kno w anythmg and everything, but celebrities ha ve no righ ts to
privacy at all' .
7
n
'Maybe the reason' begins the answer to the question before the
gap: 'Why ... does Britain ... co nsu me tabloids like chocolate?'
Listening
4 I t he
2
DC
:l 10
4 w it h
6
7
8
9
10
5 abo ut
5 Your o wn ideas.
6
188
an yt hing/ som eth ing
by
th e
ot her/ma ny
havc/usc/tnduuc
sa me
'Turn o ut' means 'become'.
2 same
If you're 'hungry', it's because you 'want something to eat'.
SMART ANSWER KEY
F
Anna says that it wasn't her ' kind of film' - so she wasn't look ing
fo rward to it. She ha d a nice time. though: ' However. it turned
out pretty well'.
Debate
4 F
Th e imp ortant thing here is to be clea r about exactly wha t Marla
t ho ug ht was interesting. Foll o win g o n fro m David, she says t hat
th e story being co mplicated 'doesn't m ake it a good o ne.' But she
did like 't he sett ing o f t he film' - t his 'kept you involved'.
Ho wever, that's di fferen t fro m t he story; in fact, she says the film
was in terestin g 'in spite of the sto ry.'
5 T
She's read the book and she's seen the film. and she says, 'the
book re ma ins the more Interesting version.'
6 F
The im portan t t h ing he re is what he decides in the end. He does
t hink about the DVD as a present for h is sister: 'I wo ndered about
the DV £) for my sister's bi rt hday, wh ich is co m ing up soon.'
However. th ere's a pro ble m: 'She doesn't like the small scree n, "00
I'm going to buy he r a couple of tickets inst ead .'
. . 21 TRANSCRIPT
Marla
So, Anna, what did you think of the film?
Anna
Well, Marta, wh en David sugges ted go ing ...
Davld
Oh I see, blam e me, is it?
Anna
Oh no, [ agree d to co me, although, ge nerally speaking, it's just not my
kind of film, you know, historical. However, it turned out pretty well, as far
as I'm co ncerned.
Davld
That's a relief, then. What about you, Maria?
Marla
Not bad, I guess. Actually, you know, I'd forgotten to eat before we went,
so I kept wanting it to end, so I could go and get something to eat - very
silly. It sto pped me concentrating properly - the film seemed to go on too
long.
Ann a
And you, David?
Davld
Well, it's true it was long, but tha t's bec ause it needed to be, I th ink. It's a
complicated story.
Marla
Hrn, wh ich doesn 't make it a good o ne, I'm afraid. But the setting of the
film, and the changes between locatio ns we re a ll good, and kept you
involved - actually, in spite of the story, if you see wh at I mea n.
Anna
Maybe you sho uld do what I did then ...
Davld
Which is... ?
Anna
Read the book. I read it I suppose a year ago a nd loved it. That was the
other thing that made me want to go. But the book is still the more
interesting version. So, do try it, Maria.
Marta
OK, maybe I will.
Da vld
I don 't know about the book, though I wondered about the DVD for my
sister's birthd ay, which is coming up soon. But she doesn't like the small
screen, so I'm going to buy her a co uple of tickets instea d.
Marla
She sho uld like tha t.
Anna
Yeah .
Da vld
Now, what about seeing if...
Use of English
8
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You must answer the que stions that your penfriend asks yo u. If
you don't, yo u' ll lose ma rks.
Remember the purpose your penfriend has in asking these qu estions
- to find out about the best loved wo rk of art . If you do n't write
about this subject. yo u won' t be he lping.
Don't wo rry if you feel yo u don 't know very m uch . Your pen friend
asks, ' How much do yo u know abo ut its history?' You can say that
you don 't know much.
You o nly have about 50 wor ds. Do n't write any less tha n 40 o r mo re
th an 60, and try hard to write between 45 and 55. (You can lose
points for writing too much!)
Remember you also need to open a nd close your em ail to your
penfriend, so make sure you can fit everyth ing you want to say into
th is rat her sho rt space.
Romantic fa n tasy.
You fi nd t he information i n line 2.
2 The ma in ac tors are Nicolas Cage a nd Meg Rya n .
You fin d t he inform atio n in lin es 3 to S.
3 Escorting th e spi rits of th e d ying to Heaven an d he lping the
living co pe with t he ir dai ly pro blems.
You fi nd this info rmation in lin es 7 to 9.
-t Set h fa lls in lo ve with Maggfe .
You fin d the in for m ati on in lin es 10 and 11.
5 He must c hoose between his immortality a nd becom ing hu ma n .
You find the informa tion in lin es 11 to 13.
6 HI.' th inks t he dialogues are simplistic.
You find the informa tio n in lin es 15 a nd 16.
7 Each close-up i.. very meaningful r'steeped in meanin g' ) and will
evoke deep emotions in every sensitive viewer,
You find out what the reviewer thinks about t he photography in
the last four lines of the t h ird paragraph.
8 To a nyone who likes wa tching good and e ngrossing films.
You find the in formation in lin es 23 a nd 2-1.
Writing an informal letter
13 1 It was really good to hear fro m you.
Th is is a useful opening sentence for info rm a l letters.
2 I a lways e n joy hearing you r news.
Yo u can use th is structu re in other situations too - for exa m ple. ' I
always love going to th e beach.'
3 I'm glad we've ma naged to stay in to uch fo r so lo ng.
No tice the use of the Presen t Perfect ten se, a nd t he expressio n to
'stay in to uch (wit h so meone)'.
4 Thank yo u very m uc h for th e enclosed photos.
You ca n also use th e struct ure in d ifferent ways - than kin g
someone for th e money they sent or t he prese nt they enclosed.
S Sorry I didn 't reply soone r but I've bee n so bu sy,
Th is is a usefu l way of a po logising fo r be ing late in writing.
NOTE: Notice that the inform ation is given in the review in th e same
orde r as the q uestio ns.
9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I
I
Actors 'play' their rol es. We o n ly use 'perform' whe n talk ing
about a speciftc perfo rma nce in a t heatre: 'Sir la n Mck etlen ofte n
performs on stage'.
2 E
Whe n we use 'a long' befor e 'wi t h, it means ' toget he r wit h ' - it
doesn't refer to mo vem ent or space (like in 'w e wa lked along th e
river ').
3
14
(J
2
Wh en yOll mu st choose be tween two possibilities, you can talk
about them using th e st ructure 'either (somethi ng) or (something
else )'. Th is is mo re emphatic t han simply using 'o r' between th e
two things.
J
4
4 F
We oft en use 'what I like/liked about (so met h ing) is/was' to make
a stro nger sta tem e nt about a pa rt icular aspect of o ur experience
than just say ing ' I liked (som et hing)'.
5 H
'Although' in trod uces a contrast bet ween so me t h ing the reviewe r
didn 't like, 't he d ialogu es' a nd so me t hing he liked a lot , 't he
e mot io ns see n in th e act ors' faces' .
6 C
Til t, ph rase is used to in troduce ad di tional informati on that
fur t her su ppor ts a sta tement.
7 D
We- need an adje-ctive befo re th e nou n, 'w ha t kin d of' or 'w h ich'
'sce nes ',
S
1S I f
2 a
3 e
4 b/cl g
S clglb
6 g/c/b
4, S a nd 6 a ll re late to ' what yo u liked abo ut it'.
TIPS: There are five thing s listed which you mu st include in this
informa l review of a performance.
You can write about them in any o rde r you choose.
Don't forge t to include a suitable opening and closing for your letter.
The last two po ints in the list give the o ppo rtun ity to show some
interesting vocabulary a nd a good range of structu res.
Try to includ e sente nces like, 'Wha t I found really impressive about
the pe rformance was (the way tha t the musicians see med to play as
o ne)' or ' I have to say tha t I was a litt le disappointed by (the lack of
atmosphere at the co ncert)'.
Referring back to 'good a nd e ngrossing films' in the previous
se nte nce.
Writing
10 There's i! wonderfu l statue in City Par k, w hich is on ly i! few m inut es'
wa lk fro m where I live. It's absolutely fascinatin g. It's tu: Geo rge Frtn.
a loca l sculptor. It ~ Hen ry Moore m ade it. I don 't know ve ry
m uch about it , except tha t it ~ pu t in the park when I was sti ll in
a pushchair. These da ys, I love gQing/12..gQ th ere with m y book, an d
the n I ill next to it a nd read and look up at it an d sm ile.
11
l aid, o lder, th e oldest
2 im portant , mor e im portant, th e most important
3 frequentl y visited, m or e frequentl y visited , th e most freq uently
visited
4 we ll known, bet ter kn o wn , t he best kn own
S bea utifu l, m or e beau t iful, th e m ost beaut iful
6 po pul ar, mor e po pul a r, th e most popular
7 a rch ttec turalty stgn tftca nt, more architecturally significant , th e
most arc h itectu ra lly significa nt
8 photogra phed, m or e ph otographed. the m os t photographed,
9 writt en about, m or e written abou t, the most written about
7 d
16 WRITING EXAM
8 A
Writing an email
I'd better sto p and get back to m y hom ewor k.
No te th e st ruct ure 'had bett er' + verb': and th e ph rasal verb 'ge t
back to ' , meaning ' return to' .
Please writ e aga in soon.
No te th e correct position 'aga in' an d 'soo n'.
I hope yo u ca n com e and visit me one da y.
Note th e position of 'one da y'.
Please give m y regards to yo ur parents.
Th is is a polite way of sending a gree t ing. Prom friend s to friends ,
yo u m ight say, ' Please give (Ad ria n) my lov e.'
Looking fo rward to seeing yo u lat er in the su mmer.
Not e th e position of ' later in th e sum me r'.
Speaking
Situational role- play
17
OK, we need to d iscuss these. Where shall we start?
We co uld say first the o nes we think we should definitely not
c hoose.
Yes, th a t see ms a good way to do it.
Well, th en I'd say the tenn is a nd th e game!> aren't any good.
Oh, why's that?
They're not spec ial, I m ea n, th ey'r e not typical of our town, a re
they?
You mea n beca use you can play te n n is a ny whe re?
Yes, I do, exact ly th at .
And I agr ee wit h yo u,
NOTE: See th e note after th e Key to exercise ' 8.
18
Now, the first o ne which we sho u ld dcfln ltely orga n ise is the
guided tour.
Do you t hink they'll find it in teresting?
Yes, because th ey'Jl learn abo ut o ur histor y.
But the y cou ld learn about th at in th e mu seum .
Well, t hey wouldn't be ab le to en joy fresh a ir a t t he sa me tim e,
would th ey?
Or th e lovely rain .
Don 't be pessimistic. Anyw ay, w hat e lse?
Th ey'll be hungry aft er all that wa lking, so the resta ura nt.
Tha t' s good id ea - w it h loca l specia lities.
SMART ANSWER KEY
189
TIP: Notice how in both exe rcises 1 7 and 18 the sentences always
have something that refers back the sentence they are respondi ng to.
First loo k through the lists, looking for these clues. When you've
co mpleted the task, read through the dialogue s aga in to check they
make sense.
3 A
None of the othe r phrases fit th e conte xt. The sen te nce co nt rasts
th e way 'modern psych iat ry would consid er' hi s vision s with how
're al' they were to Slake h im self.
•
Blake 'often lived near to poverty' because his 'eccen tric
rep utatio n ... did little to help to co mmercial success'.
S G
The sente nce compa res how make's work was received in his tim e
t'b e was ofte n out of ste p with h is time') with how his abili ty was
rega rded t'few ... do ub ted his technical abili ty' ).
6 E
'W hic h' refers back to the two bo oks mention ed before th e gap.
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You mu st talk abou t all the seve n things that are listed in the
exam task. You must also choo se three as the events to organise.
It's important to get the balance right here . You don 't wa nt to rush
through everything, and fail to show that you can spea k in a complex
way. On the othe r hand, you don 't want to discuss the first few
things in too m uch detai l, and then run out of time.
As a minimum , you need to think of one positive th ing and one
negative th ing to say about each item on the list.
You should also react to wha t your part ner says.
PictureMbased discussion
20 I [think th e girl en joys being by lllliclf.
Listening
4
2
2 It looks like (4+ftH.) she's really interested in her book.
3 She's sitti ng outside, and she's wear ing i! 'l-sh lrt. so it's probably
in th e sum mer.
-I Thi s is probably a gro up o f friends, or coll eagu es perhaps, .lli!..tln&
a meal toge the r.
5 Somebody just told a joke, I t hin k, beca use th ey're all lau gh ing.
6 I can't see exac tly w hat's on the ir plates, bu t it 's probabl y qu ite
t>m:.
we use 't aste' to talk about food as well as more a bst ract things. A
picture, or sto ry can be 'tasteful', or t he way yo u dress - but th e
food is usually 'tas ty '.
7 Persona lly, I find th e restauran t photo more ~, becau se
they're clea rly having fun .
21 1 depends
2 like
j
take
-I gets
5 cha nge
6 ne ed
7 go
TIP: Make sure the words fit the ga ps logically as well as
grammatically.
22 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS : There are really three stages to this task, and you must talk
about all three of them.
Firstly, you need to describe the pictures. Try to see them in relation
to each other, rat her than as sepa rate independent things .
Secondly, you need to express you r opinion about which on e is more
appealing to you.
Thirdly, you need to exp lain something about you r own ways of
spe nding you r free time.
Use you r imag inat ion. Speculate as much as you can: Why are these
peo ple ther e? What were they do ing before? How long will this scene
last?
Find appr opriate phrases for specu lating in the Speaking Bank on
page 128 .
Higher level
Reading
112
I
f
Sentence ( gives detail s abo ut h is family: ' his fath e r' and ' h is
mot he r' and w hat th ey did for a nvtng .
2 "
First he was a n apprentice, th en he ' became a professional
engraver hi mself'. The reflexi ve pron ou n ' h imse lf' o n ly makes
sense if 'engraver' is men tioned in t he previous sentence.
3 •
'The ins titution ' that sentence e refers to is th e Royal Academy.
• c
'These skills' refers to reading an d writing me nt ioned in -I.
S d
Th e phrase 'his \...o rsent ng co nd itio n' refers to t he illness
mentioned in 5.
6 b
' It' can only refer to th e Brake Prize in 6, as we learn it is 'a warded
annually' .
3 READING EXAM
I F
There is a con tra st between how Hlakc 'is today rega rded ' a nd the
fact that 'd ur ing his lifeti me h e was largely ignored '.
2 11
The sentence afte r t he ga p goes on to descr ibe how make's
'vision ary powe rs t ransformed' the city in his imagination.
Gra mmatically, D m ight be possi ble, but it does n't lin k in with
the description that follows.
190
SMART A NSW ER KEY
lJ
:i
-I
5
6
do ing
we use all -ing form after 'e n joy'.
[ust
Meaning 'simply'.
o ut
The tw o ph rasal ve rbs with oppos ite me anings arc 'st ay in' a nd
'go out'.
with
Co m pletes the phrase 'spend tim e with (somebody)'.
befo re
Co m pletes the phrase 'a lo ng t ime before'.
of
We o ften use 'of' to say w hat kin d of 'exam ples' we're talking
about.
5 You r ow n ideas.
6 You r ow n ideas.
7 You r own ideas.
8 LISTENING EXAM
I E
The speake r says that ' the re's always a good cho ice I'of spo rt'[ on
TV, isn 't there? '
2 11
The speaker says th at ' it's import ant to me to keep fit, ...0 [ always
do plent y o f runn ing . a nd ... tenn is or swim ming.'
3 r
This speaker says, 'most of t he ti me " m complet ely tir ed ' a nd so ' I
end up stay ing in, be ing ver y lazy, may be just watc h ing a bit o f
TV, a film on DVD, so met h ing like that.'
• A
The speaker says that, ' I just wait to sec wh at my friends suggest. I
just want to be with them, do ing whatever.'
S lJ
This spea ker says 'I ten d to be mo re act ive in th e winter, act ua lly.'
TIP: As well as unde rstan drnq why the correct answer is the correct
answer in each case, you sho uld also make sure you understa nd why
the incorrect answer s a re inco rrect. Do this by reading carefully
through the transcript of the recording below and co mpa ring the
information to the statement s in the task.
' " 22 TRANSCRIPT
Speaker 1
Weekends ? They' re great. In fact, I spend all week waiting for the
weekend. Having said that, on ce it's arrived , I don 't nece sseruy do
anything particularly special with it. I might see a friend or two, especially
if there's some sport to watc h, then we can watch a mat ch tog ether there's always a good choice on TV, isn't the re?
Speaker 2
Well, I try to make the most of my wee kends, espec ially in the summer,
when you've go t mo re chance to ge t outside. I know some people like
seeing films or conc e rts, but it's important to me to keep fit, so I always
do plenty of running, an d, say, tennis or swimming. There are usually
some friend s around to join in.
Speaker 3
The truth is, I really look forward to the weeken d, and then when it finally
a rrives, most of the t ime I'm completely exhausted. So the n when all my
friend s start calling up , 'where are we going tonight' a nd so on, I end up
staying in, being very lazy, maybe just watc hing a bit of TV; a film on
DVD, som ething like that.
Speaker 4
School's OK, it really is. I don 't mind it at all. But the weekend s are of
cour se much bett er, aren 't they? You can do what you wan t. I never have
an opinion about what we do. I'm not that into films or anything - I just
wait to see what my friends suggest. I just wa nt to be with the m, do ing
whatever.
Speaker 5
I' m studying so hard a t the moment fo r my exams that I can't go wild at
the weekends. But I like hangi ng aro und the park with my friends
sometimes, or maybe going for a bike ride by myself. It de pends. I tend
to be more act ive in the winter, act ually - going to the gym, or helping
my dad with stuff in the house .
13 WRITING EXAM (OPTION 1): A BOOK REVIEW
TIPS: You m ust follow the instructions in the exam task. If you don 't,
you will lose marks.
Be careful tha t yo u don 't spend too much of the review on the
second point, the ' brief outline'. You shou ld say enough for the
reader of your review to get some idea of the content, but do n't try
to re-tell the story.
The third and fourth points are opportunities for yo u to show some
of the co mple x English you know, in terms of voc abulary and
grammar.
It's very im porta nt that you give re aso ns, and give th em clearly.
The final point co uld be a certain kind of per son , or peopl e with a
ce rtain inter est, or it migh t be people on holiday, fo r e xa mple, w ho
have lots of time to enjoy readi ng a long book .
Use of English
9
I b
We' re tal kin g ab out a person, so we need 'who' to introduce th e
non-de finin g re lative clause.
2 a
' Free of charge' m eans the re is no ad m issio n fee, yo u don't have
to pay to go in th e Museum .
3 c
We need Pa st Perfect to say w hat ha d h appe ned before another
eve n t in t he pa st: 'w he n he decided 10 sell th em '.
Writing a literary essay
14 I b
10 Possible answers:
1 A la rge colle ct ion of Greek scu lptu res.
2 In th e Duveen Galle ry, in th e Briti sh Museum.
J
From th e Parth en on in Athens. (A few piec es come fro m other
temples on th e Acro po lis.)
4 They were made be tween 447 an d 432 BC.
5 l.ord Elgin, t he Briti sh Am bassado r to Greece.
6 The Gree ks.
NO TE: So me of the information appears in both exerc ise 9 and the
travel gui de extrac t, some only appear in one of these.
11 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
2
3
4
5
16 Your ow n idea s.
17
C
2 A
3
j:
4 G
5 E
6 D
7 B
TIP : Make sure the sentence halves ma tch logically as well as
g rammatica lly.
1B SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: You must ta lk about the three que stions that the exam task
includes.
Remember that the re aren' t really rig ht and wrong an swers here. If
you do n't understa nd the stati stics in the graphs a nd say things that
are factua lly wrong, the examiner won't mind. The exam is a
language exam.
It's probably a good approac h to treat th e g raph s as if th ey were
pictur e s. Describe what you can see as you look at them - don 't sit
for a lo ng time in silence, trying to understand all the numbe rs
before yo u start speaking . The examin er cannot give yo u marks for
being silent.
Notice th at the three qu estion s are all ab out yo ur o pinio ns - the
answers to these ques tion s aren't to be found in t he numbers, but in
yo ur ideas .
You can also be open about wha t yo u don't know. For example, you
can say, 'I have to say that I've ne ver really tho ug ht ab out exactly
how much time I spe nd on things like this before. So I don't know if I
spend this average am oun t of 30% of my free tim e sleeping . But to
be ho nest, I'm sure I go ou t mor e th an 10% of the time .'
We normall y use 'to' after ' refe r'.
Co mp letes t he ph ra se ' co ns idered to be' .
S when
The sente nce talks abo u t t he t im e th e Ma rb les were made.
9 been
Co mp letes th e Past Perfect pa ssive sen tence.
10 co nsists
Co m pletes th e phrase 'co ns ist of' . We need a third per son singular
fo rm after ' the coll ecti on' .
Writing
OPTIONS
this unit. rOll ClIII choose to write Cl book re\'iew or a literary essay. Read
th rough tile two exam ta sks 011 pages 104 and 105, and decide which 0111' you
would like to COlleel/trate 01 1.
III
2 price
3 twist
4 descripti on
S interruption
8 c
Picture-based discussion
7 be
12 I set
7 a
Speaking
6 10
Writing a book review
6 e
5 f
TIPS: Decide o n a book that you know and remember welt because
you have to recall quite a lot of key detail s accurately.
Plan your writing first. Make brief notes on each of the points in the
instruct ions. Choose one or two of the mo st impo rta nt thing s lo r
each point that yo u would like to focus o n.
Expand your notes into paragraphs. Don 't forge t to make it clea r in
the opening sentence of a pa rag raph what yo u' re go ing to discuss.
When you 're mo ving on a new idea, start a new paragraph - don't
try to make too many po ints at t he same time .
After yo u have finished, check that yo u have w ritte n between 200
and 250 words . Check that you have discu ssed all five of the point s
from the instru ctions . Check for any spelling o r grammar mistake s,
to o.
We normall y use 'fo r' a fter 'reason'.
with
Completes t he phrase ' be fam iliar with (so me t h ing)' mea ning
' kno w (so me t h ing) well'.
o ne
Th e re a re o t her key ex h ibits in th e Mu seum, and th e Elgin
Marb les are one of th ese.
on
The ph rase 'o n show' m ean s 't hat ar e sho wn/ t hat ca n be seen' .
come/o riginat e
Th e se nte nce tells us about th e o rigins o f th e Marbl es, using
'co me from '. 'O rigina te from ' is mo re formal.
reason
' For th at reason ' me ans 'b eca use o f that'.
4 h
1 S WRITING EXAM (OPTION 2): A LITERARY ESSAY
S "
I
3 d
them.
4 ,
Comple tes th e st ruc ture ' m ake (so m eth ing)' + adj ect ive.
2 g
TIP: These are all key wo rds for a literary essay, so it's worth learni ng
11 Travel
Reading
1 The co rrect e nd ing is a.
2 1 natu re reserves
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
resorts
tour o pe rat or
tour guides
o ff-t he -beaten -track holiday
domesti c tourism
beac h ho liday (o r, possib ly, sun-and-se a to urism)
cru ises
SMART ANSWER KEY
191
3 t'osstble answer'):
A 'Back in the 19S0s and early 1990s .. Africans ... bui lt big concrete
hotels on the beaches of ... overcrowded reso rts that t hat were
trying to look like the xtenterranean.'
B 'Tour ists ... expecting to enjoy the comforts of home ... packed
into overcrowded resorts.'
C 'Tod ay's tourists are leaving the European-style hotels for more
authentic experiences ... offered by ... the Xhosa themselves,
through a small, locally run firm called Amadiba Adventures.'
D "I h e money they earn will provide Xhosa tour guides with an
income two and a half times the average local wage.'
E ' Despite difficulties, internationa l and domestic tourism is
expected to grow fast over the next t\VO decades.'
F •... the number of Asian, a nd par ticularly Chinese, tourists is
pred icted to ex plode .'
G •... su n-a nd -sea tourism still dominates.'
If ' Ame rica ns and Euro pea ns are now taking shorter hut more varied
tri ps, causi ng ti ll' ra pid dev elo pment of adven ture travel,
ccoto u ns rn, cultu ral tours, spa ho lida ys, cruises an d spo rts
vacations in ever more distant places: Ch ina, the Matdtves.
Botswa na ... l.ocal govern me nts an d firms are t rying ha rd to
sat isfy this new demand.'
4 READING EXAM
AF
BT
() F
C F
E F
F T
G T
If F
TIP: Compare the statements with the information gathered in
exercise 2.
5 Possible answers:
1 They realised that tourism might be a way out of poverty
2 They were trying to look like the Mediterranean.
3 'rou nsts are trying more authentic experiences, and adventure
travel, ecotourtsm. cultural tours, spa holidays, cruises a nd sports
vacations are beco ming po pul a r.
4 A global recession and the te rrorist att acks of 9/11.
S A rise in globa l wealth, improving tra nsport technology, cheaper
nigh ts and the use o f th e Intern et as a travel tool.
(j People will ta ke shorter, hut more varied t rips ins tead of a two wee k beac h h olida y. weste rn tou rists wi ll choose mor t' exot ic,
ind ivid ualised experiences.
Listening
6 1 Two women. They are friends . One of them is called I'aula.
2 l'aula 's holiday in France.
TIP: It's easier to understand the information in a recordinq if you
know what to expect. so it's always a good idea to read through the
instructions and the task quickly before the recordinq starts.
7 I Same.
2 Same.
3 Different.
4 Different.
S Different.
6 Different .
7 Same.
TIP: Think about what different ways you can use to express the
same ideas.
8 LISTENING EXAM
I
c
We hear ' It's great to Sl'C yo u!' When Meg asks l'a ula: 'Have you
been ill?', she rep lies 'No'. Befo re th is Meg also says : 'You look
fan tastic!' - so bot h other a nswe rs are wron g.
2 a
Wc hear 'I was so excited, I just cou ld n't wait to go'.
3 b
We hear 'Sheila ... promised to come over to our place to feed the
•
hamster'.
b
we hear ' the weather turned stormy, and I was terribly seasick all
the way across the Channel '.
S c
We hear ' J ended up shopping for clothes. That's about the only
thing I can 't complain ahout'.
6 c
We hear 'we decided to shorten our stay and left afte r just ten
days '. when l'aula mentions that their Flat was flooded. she refers
to the fridge that had broken down, not 'a flood'. When we say 'a
flood', we usually mean a natura l disaster, a river flood.
TIP: Read th rough the transcript below carefully to see why the
incorrect answers are wrong. All of t he things mentio ned in these
answers are in the recording, but what you hea r usually contradicts
the statements about them.
192
SM ART AN SW ER KEY
~ 23
TRANSCRIPT
Paula
Hi Meg!
Me.
Pauta! It's great to see you! You look fantastic!
Paula
Oh, do I? That's strange. I should be looking awful.
Me.
Why? Have you been ill?
Paula
No. not that. It's just that trip to Paris. It was a nightmare!
Me.
Really? You must be joking ! Don't tell me you didn't have a good time.
When you told me you were going I was green with envy.
Paula
No wond er, I was so excited I just couldn't wait to go. Now I wish we'd
go ne to the Lake District or even just stayed at home.
Me.
But what was so bad about it?
Paula
Well, in the beginn ing everything looked all right. Mark's boss gave him
two weeks off witho ut too much trouble, the children went to stay with
Mark's mo ther, and Sheila - you know, my younger sister - promised to
come over to our place to feed the hamster. So we packed our suitcases
and set off.
Meg
Sounds all right so far.
Paula
Yes, but in Dover it turned out that the ferry terminal workers had gone
on strike, and we had to wait over eight hours before we could board a
ferry.
M eg
Oh no!
Paula
And that was just the beg inning. During t he passage the weather turned
stormy, and I was te rribly sea-sick all the way across the Cha nnel.
Me.
Oh, poor you!
Paula
Yeah, it was horrid. Then, when we arrived in Calais, it was so late that we
had to look for somewhere to spend the night.
Meg
Oh dea r!
Paula
Yes, but that's not all! On the way to Paris the next day we had a
puncture, so Mark had to change the tyre, the hotel where we'd booked
a room turned out to be terribly noisy, it was pouring with rain most 01
the time, and some of the galleries I wanted to visit were closed .
Meg
Oh no! So what did you do. then?
Paula
Well, I ended up shopping for clothes. That's about the only thing I can' t
compl ain about, but, obv iously, it wasn't cheap, so Mark go t furious.
Meg
No surprise there!
Paula
Hmmm, so in the e nd, we decided to shorten our stay a nd left after just
te n days. You can imagine our return trip - I was unh appy, Mark was mad
at me because of the mo ney, and, when we got home, the flat was
flooded.
Meg
Flooded?
Paula
Yes, we couldn't believe it! When we were away, Sheila let the hamster out
of the cage for a while, and the horrid creature bit through the fridge
cable. Of course, she didn't even notice, but when we got back, there was
water all over the kitchen floor and all the food in the fridge had gone off.
Me.
What a nightmare!
Use of English
9 I
2
3
4
S
t\ guest and a receptionist. I\ t a hotel.
His roo m is noisy and he coul dn't sleep.
tt's on the top floor, and it's sma ll.
11\ che aper.
A co m pli men ta ry mea l in their resta urant.
TIP: Notice that the order of the ques tions follows the order of
information in the dialogue.
10 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 longer
'Any lon ger' mean s 'a ny more'.
17 Your own ideas.
18
B
2 noi sier
Wt.' need a com pa rative for m h ere before 't ha n'.
3 the wors t
We need a su pe rlative form here. We often use th e supe rlative
with phrases like ' in/of my (en t ire/who le) life' , or 'i n/of the
who le/ent ire wor ld'.
4 qu ieter/qu iet
Th e co m parat ive form is better because it lin ks th e qu estion back
to t he co mp laint t hat co mes before it. But 'qu iet' is not wro ng,
either.
5 mo re difficult
We a need a comparative form here before 't ha n' .
6 practically
We need an adverb here to say that t here 'a lmost no' roo ms left .
7 smaller
We need a compa rative here to co ntrast the new roo m with the
o ld one . Th e com pa rison contin ues in th e seco nd part of the
sentence.
8 as comfortable
Co m pletes the st ructu re 'as ' + ad ject ive + 'as (someth ing)', whic h
we use for comparing th ings.
We norma lly use a com para tive before 't ha n'.
10 signi ficantly
We need an adverb to say 'how mu ch ' lower the pr ice will be.
11 Certai n ly
This is a po lite way of saying yes, and has t he same mean ing as
'Of course'.
Writing
Writing an argumentative essay
11 Your own ideas .
12 Your own ideas.
13
Man y peop le pre fer to drive to wor k, desp ite th e fact t ha t th ey
often spend a lon g lim e sitti ng in t raffic jams
Peop le spen d large sums of mon ey o n cars in orde r to have stat us
and privacy.
3 Green act ivists don 't understand that ma ny peo ple don 't belie ve
how bad the env iron men ta l situat ion is.
4 Public trans por t is slow and uncomfortable, with the result that
peop le often prefer to use their cars.
S Unless the govern ment takes acti on , t he trans po rt situa tion will
get worse.
2
6 a
2
7 -
Speaking
F
.s
D
6
E
21 You r ow n ideas.
22 Your ow n ideas.
23 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must consider the issues that the exam task requires of you
he re.
You should probably spend the first couple of minutes desc ribing the
pictu res from the point of view of the two questions ..
Talk abo ut what you see and how you feel about it.
There are no right or wrong answers.
After you have talked abo ut the pictures here, you need to move
your discussion on to form s of transport which aren't pictured here,
so make sure you talk abo ut several, and think of good and bad
things abou t them .
Higher level
Reading
1
t
B
2
F
3 D
4E
SA
6C
2 READING EXAM
1 c
We read abo ut And rew's ' 7,OOO-m ile walk from the sout h of Italy'
in the first paragraph , an d in t he next paragraph he men tions
tha t '1 m igh t never have left t hat pleasant Mediterran ean beach',
his sta rting point .
2 a
Situational role-play
16 1 ,",Vha t's !.lll: last holi day you had ?
5
4
20 1 Right. B
2 Wrong. A
It's a n ewspap er, not a magazine.
3 Right. B
4 Right. A
5 Wrong. B
Both cyclists are look ing ahead.
6 High t. A
7 Wrong. C
There is a traffic jam on the near side of the road , the cars are
travellin g freely on the other side.
S Wrong . B
The pe rson in the dark jacket is cycling outside the lane, ma rked
by t he yellow line and t he symbol.
the
3 a
4 the
5 th e
S t he
9 a
10 a
TIPS: You must presen t a series of dea r and logical argum ent s in
order to answe r th is exam task.
The re isn't a right or wrong answer. But there are satisfactory and
unsatisfactory ways of presenting you r ideas for this kind of exam
task.
You need to show awareness of both sides of the question, and then
you need to come to your conc lustonts).
You need to provide examples of what you criticise or propose.
Althoug h the exam task doesn't specify it as a requirement , it would
be a very goo d ide a here to conside r the past and the future as well
as the present situation.
The exam task men tions cars, pu blic transpo rt, cycling an d walking. If
you miss out any of these, you will lose marks.
Youalso need to conside r carefully what is mean t by 'e ncouraged'.
3
4
3 C
19 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must follow the exam task requirements here and discuss
everything that is specified - in othe r words, you need to talk
together abou t eac h holiday in the list, and discuss the issues.
Everything you need to talk about is either provided - the
advertisemen ts - or sho uld come from your imagination - your ideas
and op inions.
A goo d ap proach is probably to work with your partner in a way that
will gene rate as much conversation as possible.
For examp le, take the first holiday in the list. You could ope n the
game by saying some thing like, 'I'm not sure that this one would
appeal to me . My idea of a good holiday is relaxing, doing as little as
possible. But this one just sounds like a lot of hard work. Don't you
agree?' This should mea n that your partner can react, perhaps by
saying, 'O h, but would n't you like to be a litt le adventurous? You
have all your life to spend sitting around being lazy, but on this
holiday you could have exper iences that are different? Wouldn't that
be great?'
1S WRITING EXAM
2
A
Picture·based discussion
9 better
14 I the
2
TIP: Make sure the sente nce halves match logicallyas well as
gramma tically.
'The' is needed to specify or de fine wh ich holiday. Holiday is a
countab le noun, so in the sing ular it will always need a n article o f
some sort.
Had you been
t here before?
'To' isn't ne cessary - you wouldn 't say, ' How do I go to th ere?'
is co rrect.
What preparat ions did you make before kill'.ing/~?
The -il/X form always follows 'be fore', 'af te r', 'when ', etc.
Alterna tive ly, we need a subject and th e cor rect verb for m.
Wh ere are you goi ng fo r yo m next holida y?
'Nex t' as an adj ective descr tbes t he holiday in terms of time, and
th e possessive adject ive ' you r' must goes before th e two words
togeth er.
*'
we read 'The wildlife kept me on my toes'. Th e phrase 'kee p
someo ne on thei r toes ' means ' make sure that they are ready to
deal with anyt hing unexpected', in ot her word s that they are
'alert and ready'.
3 c
We read ' the temperatures reached the mid- th irties , and there was
little water'. Late r he also ment ions th at he was ' in great need of a
shower'.
4 c
You find the correct answer to t h is question by finding the
infor mation abo ut the other t hr ee answ ers t hat co nt rad icts each
o f t he m: 'Mosqu itoes and barking dogs kept me awa ke at nigh t',
't he temp eratures reached t he mid-t hirties .. . I finished each da y
bat hed in sweat', ' I was footsore and exhausted' .
SMART ANSWER KEY
193
Listening
3
4
Use of English
d
2
d
2 c
b
3 "
3 c
4 e
5 c
4 b
5 a
6
2
NOTE: Notice that the task here is the opposite of exe rcise 3! You
need to find expressions that mea n the oppos ite.
3
5 LISTENING EXAM
Possibl e answers:
1 go ing to Spain/go ing on holiday
4
S
2 sucked out/d raw n o u t
:\ lost cous ctous ncss/s ufte red several injur ies
-4 able to fly/a pilot
6
5 (yet) been publt sh cd/t yet) been released
NOTE: As lo ng as your answe rs are no longer than the 3 words
talk (someone ) into
You fin d t he phrasal verb in th e first line of the second paragraph.
run down
You find th is in line 6 of th e second paragraph .
pull up
You find t h is in line 10 of th e seco nd paragraph.
h an d out
You find thi s in lin e 12 of th e second paragraph .
fill up
Yo u fin d thi s in line 17 of th e second paragraph .
get on
Yo u find thi s in lin e 4 of th e t hird para gr aph .
7 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
1 0
specified in the instru ctions and true, the answers are co rrect.
' Kn oc k do wn' means ' hit (so that yo u fall)' .
2 A
' " 24 TRANSCRIPT
Radio presenter
'Set off' mea ns ' leave' .
3 1
Completes th e phrase ' leave th e ligh ts o n', m ean ing 'for get to
swit ch off th e ligh ts' .
4 Il
'Spee d up ' m ean s 'accelera te' or 'dr ive faste r' .
5 C
'Catc h up with (so meone)' means 'reach som eone who is ahe ad
by goi ng faster' .
The pilot who spent nearly twenty min utes clinging to the outside of his
aircraft at 23,000 ft has returned to flying . Hugh Owen reports from
Birmingham Airport.
Hugh Owen
On 13 June Captain Timothy Lancaster took off from Birmingh am with
eighty passengers aboard. Most of the passengers were goi ng to Spain on
holiday. The window of the jet just in front of the capta in's seat had been
fitted at Birmingham Airport the day before . As the jet gained height,
pre ssure in the cabin gradually increased, an d at 23,000 ft the windscreen
sudden ly blew out. The captain, who was still strapped into his seat with
a lap belt, was sucked forward and almos t disappeared through the ho le
where the window had bee n. There was a loud noise as air escaped from
the cabin, taking pap ers, trays and loose o bjects with it.
The flight crew, like all British Airways pilots. had been instructed in
reacting to a n explosive decompression . Mr Alistair Aitchison, the co-pilot,
immediately took control and headed for the nearest airfield to ma ke an
emergency landing.
For nearly twenty minu tes Ca ptain Lancaster was half in and half out of
t he cockp it. His cabin crew held onto him desperate ly to preve nt him
from falling off the plane. He lost consciousness and suffered frostbite and
a broken arm , wrist and thumb , but m iraculously he survived. He was
transported to hospita l im mediate ly. His condition was serious. However,
he was soon well eno ugh to have visitors, includ ing the cabin crew.
Today, only six mon th s later, Captain Lancaster has made his first
operational flight since the accident, and he's here with me now.
Tim, did you ever worry about getting bac k into the pilot's seat?
Captain Lancaster
Probably in hospital when I was lying in bed, not te rribly we ll, it did cross
my mind that I might not get back to flying. But I improved slowly
throughout the sum me r, and here I am .
Hugh Owen
And what did you feel when yo u we re up there today?
Captain Lancaster
Fine. It was busy. So, you know, I was just thin king about t he flying side of
it. I didn't have time for oth er thoughts.
Hugh Owen
You didn 't think about th e accident ?
Captain Lancaster
I've compe nsated for th e accid ent by basically forgetting about it. It ca me
back to me when I me t members of the crew afterwards, but over the
summer, my brain has just blanked it out.
Hugh Owen
So if I we re to ask you to describe it to me now, you co uld n't.
Captain Lancaster
Well, I wa s uncons cious throughout most of it an}"/'lay, so .
Hugh Owen
The plane involved in the accide nt wa s a 10-year-old BAC 1-11 jet,
regarded by pilots as one of th e safest in the world . It's thought that the
accident was caused by the wrong-sized bolts being used to fit th e
windscreen during a routine service of the aircraft. The results of a full
investiga tion have not yet bee n publ ished .
194
SMART ANSWER KEY
6
H
We 'ge t into' th e ca r when we start driving , a nd we 'get o ut of '
th e car wh en we arrive.
7 E
This m ean s ' we soo n discover ed tha t we had run o ut of petrol'.
8 I:
Com pletes th e ph rase 'r u n out of ', which we use to refer to fuel
(petrol o r gas, for exa m ple) .
Writing
Writing a student magazine article
8 Your own ideas.
9
1
2
3
4
S
Wha t predi ct ion s would yo u make for th e future?
What ar e th e ma in problem s we 're facin g today?
Ho w like ly do you th ink it is that t hese sol utio ns will be a pplied?
What ar e th e causes?
What ar e th e po ssible so lutions?
1 0 cur ren tly = at present
depressed = (too) pes sim ist ic
key problem s = main issues
t im e a head = yea rs to co m e
ra ise = increase
decr ease = reduce
used = put in to effect
face facts = be realistic
m ethod = way
beg inning = origin
11 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: You mus t follow the specific requirements of this exa m ta sk.
The magazin e wants you to answ er five questi ons. All five questions
a re complex - none of them can be answered with a sim ple list.
You also need to provide an introd uctio n and a con clusion (have you
ever read an article th at didn 't have these?).
You need to prepare your ideas very ca refully and make sure that you
have enough - and not to o much - to say for each of th e five
questions.
Everything in your article is, basically, your o pinion. This means tha t
you must make your reaso ns for what you say ve ry clear.
In term s of the language structures you should use in yo ur art icle,
think about th e meaning of what you are talking about.
The first question is a description of th e current situatio n, and wilt
probably involve Present Simple and Presen t Continuous.
The seco nd qu estion is about the causes, and so you may also need
to include the Present Perfect here .
For all the questions, yo u will probabl y find th at the passive voice will
be relevant.
The other questions require you to spe culate, and you should use:
modal verbs, suc h as 'm ight', 'co uld', and so on ; co nditio nal
structures - ' if we don't deal with th ese prob lems, ...' _
reco mmendations - ' I really believe that .. .' and so on .
Read through what you have w ritten, and chec k tha t yo u have
presented a clear line of argument.
Speaking
statistics-based discussion
12 1 Most holidays are booke d at travel agents' offices.
2 The In tern et is used to book a large number of holida ys.
3 A lot of short break holidays are taken by peop le with demanding
E
Reading
1 Your own ideas.
jobs.
4 Honeym oo ns are often take n abroad.
13
12 Science and
technology
2 A
3
H
4
F
5 D
6 C
TIP : Make sure the sentence halves m at ch logically as we ll as
grammatically.
14 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: The task tells you what the informa t ion yo u are given is about. It
asks you to talk about it, and it gives yo u a central ques tion to deal
with in what you say.
This is not a test about how much you know abo ut tour ism, or being
a travel agent, or about statistics, ete. It is a test of your knowle dge of
English.
If you are doing this exam task well, yo u w ill be saying t hings like,
'The information we're given here shows that thirty per ce nt of
holidays are booked by people who visit a trave l agent's office. This
continues to be the most popular way to book a holiday, alt hough
using the phone or Inte rnet.. .'
The task requ ires you to talk about what you imagine might ha pp en
in the future. You can say things like, ' I have, of cou rse, no real idea
about what's goi ng to happe n in the future. I think it's poss ible that
people will decide that the best kind of holiday, after a ll, is to stay at
home, and relax by no t working, not being in an airport, an d so o n.
Many people in the world can't afford a holiday away, while a few
people co nt inue to fly to mo re a nd mo re d istant places for a week's
break. I think we are at a tu rning point in history, and it's hard to
know what's going to happen.'
2 a compromise
You find this in paragraph A.
b the rush ho ur
You find this in paragraph B.
c encroach upon (or expand, or invade)
You find this (these) in paragraph C.
d facilities
Yo u find this in paragraph D.
e hand in ha nd
YOLl find this in par agraph D.
fringe
You fin d t his in par agraph E.
TIP: Read throug h the text quickly to check that yo u understand the
key vocabulary. If there are any unfamil iar words, t ry to wo rk out
their meaning from the context. However, you don't need to
understand every word in a text to be able to complete the exam
task!
3/4 READING EXAM
I
Debate
15 I income, econom ic
The first word compl etes the phrase 'sou rce o f income'. This
establishes the business co ntext fo r us to work o ut what kind of
opportunities the sentence mig ht be referri ng to.
2 Wealt hy, drive up
We need an adjective that can describe peo ple, in contrast to
'poorer cou ntries'. The second ex pression completes the ph ra se
'd rive up prices ' mean 'cause t he pr ices to rise'.
3 do m inance, cha racter
'Popularity' wou ld also be poss ible to the first gap, bu t the
ins tructions remind you to use eac h wo rd only once, a nd you'll
need ' po pula rity' for S. The second word completes t he phrase
'local character' .
-I awareness, local
Th e first word completes the ph rase 'ra ise awareness (about)',
meaning 'focus (somebody's) attent ion (o n)'. We then need an
ad jective to describe 'cu ltures'.
S popularity, hig h-r ise
We need to t hink about the logic of what we're saying to decide
that ' po pu la rity' and not 'domi nance' is the word we need here.
The adject ive 'high-rise', meaning ' many storeys high ', is th e only
on e in the list that we use to describe bu ild ings.
16 Possible answers:
Adva n tages: I, 3
Disadvantages: 2, 4, 5
NOTE: You might have different views. You might consider, for
example, the construction of high- rise hotels where a lot of people
ca n spe nd thei r holidays a good thing .
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIP: You need to consider the issue fro m the point of view of the
local communities. The answer is, as with most complex issues, that it
has bo th advantages an d d isadvantages - and yo u can say th is in the
exam. You can t hen go on to desc ribe eac h of the m, and depending
on how convincing the arguments you use are, yo u might be able to
decide (but remember that yo u don't have to decide) if either po int
of view outweighs the other.
Your success in this task doesn't depend on whet her or no t you've
persuaded your pa rtner or if they've persuaded you - but on how
how well you communicated wha t you th ink, and how we ll you
re sponded to what your partner thinks.
f
"
We read 'If yOll had to consider the impact of cars on your town .
first of all you would probably th ink of traffic jams and.
po llu tio n'.
2 a D
We read 'We all enjoy the facilitie s ... enterta in ment complexes
bring - because we can use our cars to get to th em '.
3 c D
We read 'we are saddened by the loss of our local groceries ... and
neig h bo urhoo d co m munity centres ... these changes go hand in
ha nd '.
4 d A
we read ' We can go wherever we want to go , whenever we wa nt
to go '.
S g E
We read ' Parking spaces are huge a reas of land' that ' used to be a
grassy meadow' .
6 b C
Wc read 'roads keep getting widened to accommodate th e
increasing volume o f t raffic '.
NOTE: Remember to complete both parts of this task. Notice that ,
unlike in most other Reading tasks, here the sentences don't follow
the o rde r of informat ion in the text - it's your task to find where this
information is.
Listening
5 Yo ur own answers.
6
Possible answers:
1 W ho ha d a lo t of bro t hers and sisters?
2 W ho was give n an awa rd by a king?
3 W ho was born in a family that hadn't been interested in scie nce?
4 W ho gai ned more recognition outside the ir own homeland?
5 W ho focused on a particu lar scientific area?
6 W ho wanted to choose a different profession'!
7 Who ta ught in a school?
8 Whose home can tourists visit?
TIP: There are a lot of ways of re phrasing these questions, so the
above are just one of the many possibilities.
SMART ANSWER KEY
19S
7 LISTENING EXAM
Use of English
1 B
We hea r ' Marta was t he t hir d child o f a fam ily with te n ch ildre n'.
2 C
We hear 't he King o f Spain gave him an order after a silk bulletproof vest inve nted by the 'Polish Edtso n' saved his life',
3 C
We hear 'he wa.. born in a poor u neducated family',
• C
Th e reco rding me ntion'> h is pa tents in Germany a nd Engla nd, the
a rticles that Mar k Twain, the Amer ican a ut hor wro te about
Szczepa n tk's ac hieveme nts. a nd the m edal he received from t he
King o f Spa in.
S B
The o nly scie nce mentioned in t he recording abo ut Mari a
Mitch ell is astro no my.
8 Possible an swers:
1 No, he doesn 't. It's dangerous and not very useful.
2 He thinks the costs are too high .
3 NASA (N at ional Aerona utics and Space Ad mt n tst rauonj.
-I They shou ld forget th e manned prog ramme a nd look fo r ot her
mission s.
9 Possible answ ers:
poi nt (noun): po intless (adject ive), pointer (nou n), point lessly
(adve rb)
expense (noun): expensive (adject ive), inexpensive (adject ive),
expe nsively (adve rb), inexpen sively (adve rb), expen d (verb)
scie nce (noun): scientific (adjective), un scien t ific (ad jective),
scien t ifically (adverb), uus ctcnttttcau y (adve rb), scientist (no un)
maintai n (verb ): main te nance (noun), maintainable (adj ecti ve},
unma intainab le (adjective), rnaintatnably (adverb), unmaintainably
6 A
We hear ' As a teenager, Bell wanted to beco me a n actor or a
(adverb]
sailor',
fl y (verb): flying (adjectiv e), flight (no un ), fligh tless (ad jecti ve)
astronom y (no un) : astronomer (nou n ), astro nom ical (adtec t tvc).
ast ronomically (adve rb)
di ffic u lt (adjecti ve): dif ficul ty (no un)
effect (nou n): effect (verb), effec tive (ad ject ive), ineffect ive
(ad jective), effect ively (adve rb), ineffect ivel y (adve rb)
7 A
We hea r 'h e tau gh t deaf peo ple'.
B Il
we hear 'T he h o use whe re she was born was tu rned in to a
museum' ,
. , 2S TRANSCRIPT
10 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM
I
Alexander Graham Bell - as a you ng boy, t he telep hone invento r
Alexander Graham Bell liked mathematics, and science, but he was easily
bored at schoo l. He was m uch more interested in expe rimenting and
d iscovering thing s on his own. One of his first inventions was a simple
machine imitat ing the huma n voice. Alexander built it with his brother
Melville when they were still children.
As a teenager, Bell wanted to become an actor or a sailor. Instead , he
worked, like his father, as a speech therapist, and taught deaf people.
Bell's studies of the hum a n ear and voice vibrations, and years of
experiments resulted in 1876 in the first telephone conversation between
Bell and his assistant Tomas Watson.
Alexander Bell's lifelong interest in nature and science also led to a variety
0 1 other invent ion ideas, including experiments with flight and desig ning
ae roplanes.
Marta Mitchell - Maria Mitchell was one of the most famous American
scientists of the 19th century. Born in 18 18, in Massachus ett s, Maria was
the third child of a family with te n childre n. Her father was a dedi cated
astro no mer a nd teacher, and he enco uraged Mane's scientific inte rests.
In 184 7, when she was looking at the sky through a telescope from the
roof of her parents' hou se, she discovered a new comet. A year later she
became the first woman admi tted to the Amer ican Academy of Arts and
Sciences, and the first female professor of astron omy in the USA.
After her death , the Maria Mitchell Astronom ical Society was created as
tribute to her mem ory. The house whe re she was born was turned into a
museum.
[an Szczepanlk - The re was an invento r who is sometimes called the
'Polish Edison'. His na me was [an Szczepanik, and he was born in a poor
uned ucated family in a small village in the south of Poland.
During the 54 years 0 1 his life, Szcze panik got a few hundred paten ts and
mad e over fifty inventions , man y of which are still used today, especially
in colour photography, film produ ction and television. He also worked on
a moving wing aircraft, an airship and a subma rine.
Szczepanik patented his inventions in Germany and England. The
American novelist Mark Twain wrote two articles about his achieveme nts,
and the King of Spain gave him an order afte r a silk bullet-proof vest
invented by the 'Polish Edison' saved his life.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
pointless
We need an ad jecti ve he re to describe what 'people t hink' ,
expe ns ive
Th is also needs to be an adjective beca use it follows 'very'. The
writer is putting forwa rd a rguments agains t space travel, a nd
'expensi ve' fits t he co n text.
scien ti fically
Th e adverb desc ribes 'in wha t way' space tra vel ts not useful.
maintenance
We n eed a noun to follow th e definite article ' t he' and before th e
prcp osttton 'o f',
fligh ts
This m ust be a noun because it fo llows a n adjective . Th e context
(' matn tatnt ng th e shutt les') helps us to decide that we need a
plura l form.
ast ronomi cal
We need an ad ject ive he re to describe wh at t he costs of
maintaining th e sh uttles a re like.
difficu lt ies
The noun is the object of the verb 'faces' an d follows two
adjectives. We norm ally use the plu ral for m in th ese type of
sta te me n ts abo ut proble ms in genera l.
effect ive
We need an adjective to complete t he co m parati ve form. It needs
to be pos itive to co nt rast with t he manned space flights (wh ich
t he writer co nsiders to be point less).
Writing
Writing a stud ent magazine article
11 Your ow n ideas.
12
say
We use 'say' without an indi rect ob ject (They say', not
.,~
,*"", ' ).
2 wit ho ut
Thi s is th e only word that fits t he con tex t logicall y.
3 tell
we use ' tell' with an ind irect object t' They te ll me (that
· ·~ I"""
...),.
.-r, no t
-I there
Used to avo id re pea tin g 'in t hese buildings' o r 'in the librar ies'.
5 t his
Completes t he ph rase 'This all sounds (wry) stra nge!'
6 full
Completes th e phrase ' turn full circle', mea n ing ' retu rn to the
sit uatio n wh ere it sta rted'.
7 again
Meaningfull y co m pletes the ex plana t ion o f how things \-.'1II 'turn
full circle'.
R were
' Were' is oft e n used aft er 'as if',
196
SMART ANSWER KEY
13 WRITING EXAM
20 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must talk about the a reas that the exa m task requires.
The re are three stages to your task.
Firstly, you should talk abou t wha t you can see in the pictures, and
what these images represe nt. You should compare things: for
example, they are both about comm unication, a nd co ntrast them: for
example , spo ken and written com munication.
Secon dly, you should relate these pictures and activities to your own
life: Which do you use more ofte n? For what purposes? What do you
like and dislike ab out eac h?
Thirdly,you sho uld explain you r ideas abo ut the future of technology.
Throug hou t this task, there are no right or wrong answers, and the
way you talk shou ld reflect this.
Use phrases and expressions such as ' It's hard to say, but perha ps.
'I'm not really an expert, and so I can only g uess that.,;', ' My own
feeling abo ut this is.. .', and so on. You can find useful phr ases for
speculating and giving you r op inion in the Speaking Bank on page
128.
TIPS: The exam task includes three questions and you must discuss
all of them. If you miss any out, yo u w ill lose m arks.
When you are preparing you r ideas, think carefully a bout the function
of what you need to write.
In the first section, you need to describe the current situation. You
shou ld provide facts.
In the secon d sect ion, yo u need to evaluate the situation . You shou ld
offer opinions.
In the third section, you need to predict, to spec ulate abou t the
fut ure situation. You should m ake suggestions.
You need to use a range of langu age structures to communicate all
these ideas.
You have about 200 wo rds, so make sure you plan how mu ch you
want to write in each section.
Speaking
Situational role-play
14 Your own idea s.
Higher level
15 Your own ideas.
16
Now, what do you t hink we should star t off wit h?
Why don't we begin here? I mea n, wit h the qu esti on of
ed ucation.
Yes, why not ? We all have t ha t in co mmon . How shall we do it?
Could we ask your mot he r how to do it ? She is a science teacher,
after all.
She is, yes, but this is supposed to be our own ideas .
That's true. We could make a chart show ing t he different
possibi lities for q ualifica tions.
That wou ld be effective - nic e and clear.
Then we cou ld ask the class if people in th eir fam ilies have those
qua lificatio ns.
Yes, that would make everyone fee! dir ectly involved .
TIP: Each sentence con tains a wo rd or phrase that con nects it to
what the ot her perso n says before or afte r. Find these links first to
work out the orde r of the se nte nces.
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: The exam task specifies fou r issues for d iscussion very clea rly.
You must make sure you talk abou t all of them .
Your discussion has two levels - you need to discuss what the topic is
in each case and you need to discuss how you will deal with the
topic in your presenta tion .
You do n't have to follow the order in the tas k.
Some of the to pics - 'in the home' and 'e ducation' - may be close to
your own exper ience, while others - 'w orkplace' and 't he future' may no t.
Show that you have language you can use for every situat ion. For
example, you could say, 'Well, neither of us has direct expe rience of
the workptace, because we're still studying at schoo l. But I
und erstand from talking to my father that robo ts have completely
cha nged t he way cars are ma nufactured in factories. It means that
fewer peo ple are employed on the prod uction line, and so.. .'
Picture-based discussion
18 I b
2 a
:3 a
4 c
5 b
6 c
7 a
TIP: Make sure the missing words fit the gap s logically as well as
grammatica lly.
19
H
Th e phrase is 'e ither of t hese (th ings)' .
2 E
The phrase is 'say (so met hing) abou t (so met hi ng)'.
3 A
Prese n t Perfect verb form .
4 C
The verb ' be' is the first par t of th e Presen t Conti nuous verb for m
aft er the modal verb ' migh t' - used for spec ulatin g abou t the
image.
S D
'The o nes' refers back to the 'letters' .
Listening
1
deaf
' Deaf people' are menti oned in state me nts 2, 5, 7 a nd 10.
2 in a resta uran t
The info rma tion is in state me n t I, a nd statemen t 2 con t inues
wit h the sa me con text. (Of course, we don' t know at t his stag e if
they are true o r false.j
:3 sign language
This fits th e context bett er. Th e device is called 'Sign Language
Trans lato r' according to state me nt 4, a nd 's ign la nguage' is also
men tio ned in statemen ts 5 an d 7.
2 LISTENING EXAM
1 T
We hea r '1 was waiting to be served at our local Burger King a nd
. I th ought it would make things easier if th ey had an elect ron ic
interprete r'.
2 F
We hea r 'They comm unica ted with a speaki ng in te rpreter an d he
relayed their choices to a cashier' . ' Relay' in this sense means
' pass on'.
, T
We hea r '1 remem bered t he idea later, when I was th in king of a
new project for a science competition' .
4
F
We hea r 't he receiver has a screen similar to those 0 11 cell phones'
- it doesn 't say th e receiver is a cell phone. 'Ce ll ph one' is the
Ame rica n term fo r a 'mobile ph one'.
S F
We hear ' people can read th e wo rds, even if t hey do n't
understan d sign lan guage, an d people wh o use sign lan guage can
communicate wit hout a n interpreter' .
6 T
We hea r 'Th e project received top ho nours, alo ng with a $100,000
college scho larship fo r th e you ng inventor'.
7 T
We h ear ' I started wit h researching how sign language work s'.
8 F
We hea r ' I've always had a n in terest in electronics. I've liked
wiring th ings together since I was four yea rs o ld . I also had
hands-on expe rien ce from my part-time job at a robot iceq uipme n t lab '.
9 T
We hea r ' I also h ad to try on ma ny different gloves'.
10 F
We hea r ' Wha t I have now isn 't ready for pro d uctio n ... nut I do
hope to see it o n the ma rket one day', mean ing t he Sign
La nguage Tra ns lator is no t yet be ing sold .
SM A RT AN SWER KEY
197
~ 26
4
Kathle Holmes
Good afte rnoon, this is Kathie Holmes in ou r programme, 'Youn g and
Brainy' . Tod ay I' m goin g to be speaking to Ryan Petterscn, a tee nager
whos e invention may bridge the communication ga p betwe en the de af
and those that can hear. Ryan, tell us how it all started.
Ryan Paltenon
It was two years ag o. I was wa iting to be served at o ur loc al Burg er King
and I noticed a gro up of customers using sign language to place an ord er.
Th e phrasal verb, ' keep up with (sometbtng/someoncj' means 'go
at t he same speed as', or 'co nt inue to understand '. All t h ree pa rts
are nece ssa ry,
4
make t hing s easier if t hey had an electronic interpr et er instead . I
Ryan
S USE DF ENGLISH EXAM
o ./
00 was
We don 't need a passive; 't he history' 'sta rted' is fin e.
on
Th e phrase is 'ta ke (a pe riod of time) to (happen,' .
2 ./
3 of
Don 't confu se two diffe rent str uct ures: 'ei ther (so m et hi ng) or
(somet hi ng else)' a nd ' neit he r (so me t h ing) no r (so methi ng else)'
follo w the same st ruct ure , which is the cor rect op tion he re. Th e re's
also 'e it her/ ne it her o f (t hem )', but that's used diffe re ntly.
-4 been
we do n 't need to make a passive here.
S that
You ca n say, There are records that show the vt ongots used .. .' and
you ca n say, 'There are records snowing that th e Mongols used ...' but yo u can't mix the two possibilities tog ethe r.
6 ./
Reading
6
I a
Ryan
I'm used to hunting fo r hardware to build competition robots, bu t for this
projec t I also had to try on many different gloves. A golf glove turned out
to be the best solution. It's soft and flexible and fits closely.
Kathle
According to the National Institute of Deafness, one to two million people
in the U.$. a re profoundly deaf. And most of them use sign language to
communicate. Will yo ur invention make an impact?
Ryan
There was a demonstration at our local deaf community centre and the
peo ple were interested. What I have now isn't ready for prod uction. I'm
sure it' ll be very d iffe rent by the time it's actually ma nufactur ed . But I do
hope to see it on the marke t one day.
Use of English
3
2
3
-4
S
6
198
should be deleted.
'As w~II ' is e no ugh : it m eans 'also' or 'too'.
is co rrect.
'That' here refers to what we kn ow about pollution. Using ' th is'
would also be correct.
is co rrec t.
should be deleted.
' Da m age is un co un table. It is a general idea here. In anot her
differen t sentence. you could say so me t h ing like, 'The damage
that cars cause to o ur cities is te rrible.'
should Ill' de leted.
You say ' SU Ill {' o f' wl1£'11 you art' ident ifyin g Ol few t hings from a
large r gro up o f coun table t h ings. 'Some of t he wor ld's pro blem s
ar e caused by people. a nd so m e of them arc natur al .' You say just
'so me' wh en yo u mean a part , not the total or maximum. 'I 'd like
some rice.'
SMART AN SWER KEY
B
when yo u 'wo nde r', you don 't kn ow. It's an o pe n qu estion, so
yo u say 'i f', as yo u wo uld in ' I do n' t kno w if.. .'
5 C
we already have the verb here t'there's'j so we don 't need it
again.
remem bered the idea later, when [ was thi nking of a new project for a
science competition. I called it Sign la ngua ge Tra nslator.
Around nine months. I started with researching how sign language works.
Then I had to figure out how to translate all that electronically.
Fortuna tely, I've always had an interest in e lectronics. I've liked wiring
things tog ethe r since I was fo ur years old. I also had han ds-on experience
from my part-time job at a robotic-eq uipme nt lab.
Kathle
Did you have probl ems finding appropriate mate rials?
C
3 A
They wer e obviously deaf. They commu nicated with a speaking
interpreter a nd he relayed their cho ices to a cashier. I tho ught it wo uld
It consists of a glove which is lined with te n sensors . The sensors detect
the hand positions that are used to shape the alphabet of American Sign
language. Then a microp rocessor transmits the information to a small
portable receiver. The receiver has a screen similar to those on cell
phones, and this screen displays the words, lette r by letter. In this way
people can read the words, even if they don't understan d sign langua ge,
and peop le who use sign language ca n co mmu nicate witho ut a n
inte rpreter.
Kathle
Are you imp ressed? So we re judges at the 2001 Sieme ns Science and
Techno logy Competition. The project received to p honour s, along with a
S100,000 college scholarship for the young inve ntor. And now Ryan's
project is already patented.
Ryan, how long did you experiment with the invention before you finally
produced the prototype?
I
' Elect ricity' is a single, large and general thing - it is uncountable
a nd doesn't nee d to he specified here.
2 C
We only need one preposition, ' in' here .
TRANSCRIPT
2 c
NOTE : You ca n usually work o ut the meani ng of unfamiliar words
from the context.
7 Possible a nswe rs:
2
3
-4
S
6
th e process o f questtontng a number o f people to get a n idea
abo ut the general opinion
a telepho n e line connected to th e ne two rk by wires (as o pposed
to mobile phones)
allow a bill to reach a large am ount
the introd uct ion of new things or ways of doing things
br ing closer
d isadva ntage, negat ive aspect
8 READING EXAM
I c
We read about ' men with mo bile ph on es (72')1'1 of all men)' which is more tha n the figures given for teenagers (below 70%),
people between .In and so (bel ow 70']f, ), o r women t6 7% ).
2 b
Wc read ' the survey shows that th e ave rage a mo un t of nm c th ey
spend on the phone ... has go ne down from sixty -t h ree minutes
before they got a mobile to Iuty-ttve m inutes now',
3 ,
W£' read ' In nova tio n in m obile phones has been happening so
fast tha t it's diffi cult for consumers to cha nge their be haviour '.
4 d
W£' read ' Mobi le ph on e ta ke-up am on g the poor ha s act ually been
far q uicker t han it was in t he case of ... compute rs'.
5 ,
You find th e a nswer to this q uest ion by checking the inf or ma tion
ahout the other a nswe rs and making su re the text mentions
them : ' mobile phones now account for a third of all st reet
ro bbe ries', 'mobile USNS are tw o and a half limes more likely to
devel op ca ncer' and 'do n' t forget about all th e accidents wailing
to happen as people drive with a mobile in one hand'.
Writing
14 I mea ns
Writing a discursive essay
9
2
Your own Ideas.
10 1 Thi s is
2 M oreover
] Thus
..J In co n trast
5 The result of
6 However
TIP : These are all useful linking words you can use in you r essay. You
can find more useful idea s in the Writing Bank on page 136 .
11 The state me nt th at t his essavisbaseo on is a pessimistic o ne. It ha s
been Issued by so meo ne mth a com plete ly negative attitude 10
technology. I will begin m y essay by cons ide ring ~ is me ant by
t he state me nt. I will th en m ove on to look a t a number of counterargu me nts. Finally. I w ill deliver my conclusion. Thi s is basically that
th e ac tio n we need to take is to incr ease greatly th e level o f
technol ogic a l loducdlion gener ally available.
12 WRITING EXAM
TIPS: Yo ur essay mus t be a response to the topic given in the exam
ta sk. If you don 't co nnec t or relate what yo u write to the task, yo u
will lose ma rks.
You need to look ca refully at the ideas in the task, so that you can
make comm ents a bout them .
There isn't a 'co rrect' way to approach this - the ideas will be your
own .
Use th e task to give yo u a plan or structure for your essay:
Do we und erstand how technology is changing, in terms of
work/education ?
leisure?
commun ication?
relationships?
any ot her areas you can think of?
what's going to hap pen in the future? Are we preparing a better
world fo r the next ge nera tion?
Try to give examples, or details or explanat ions of everyth ing you
write about.
If you present one idea, and then present an argument aga inst it. yo u
will be able to write mo re, and w hat you write will have a clea r
structure .
3
4
5
6
7
S
Co m pletes the phrase 'means to a n end', meaning a solution or
m et hod su itable for its purpose - but not th e pu rpose itself.
more
Co mpletes the ph rase ' not hing m or e' .
themselves
Co m pletes the ph rase ' in th em selve s', me en tn g 'in isolation ', here
'wit ho ut consideri ng ot her aspects of th e issue'.
such
Co m pletes the phrase 'such as' used to gtve examples.
with
We use ' he lp (so me o ne)' + 'wit h' to talk about th e ta sk th ey help
th em do.
with
Meaning 'in th e case of' .
totally
Used to make th e adj ective stronger, not just 'diffe re nt ', but
' to ta lly different' (m ean ing ' the re ar e no simila ritie s at all ' }.
actually
Meaning ' des pite a ll th e evi de nce'.
15 5PEAKING EXAM
TIPS: You must talk about all the five questions th e e xa m task asks
you .
You should probably describe the picture in general term s briefly first,
and then move on to the questions.
You don't have to follow the questions in th e same order as in the
task, although it is probabl y the most logical order.
The first three questions requ ire you to guess, and yo u should reflect
this in the answe rs you give. Try to say, for example, 'I imagine that
she might be writing an email,' rather than 'She's typing an email.'
You ca n find useful phrases for specu lating about a picture in the
Speaking Bank on page 128.
The fourth q uestion asks you about your life, and to compare this
with what you see in the picture.
The final qu estion req uires you to give an opinion. There is no right
o r wrong ans we r. What's important is that you exp lain your reasons
for your opinion.
Debate
16 Your ow n ideas.
Speaking
Picture-based discussion
13 I She 's sitt ing on som e old stone steps ou tside.
2
3
4
5
TIll' verb needs to he completed first . Note t he co rrect order of the
adje ctive s. You co u ld al so put 'o utside' between 's ilting' an d 'o n'.
I guess sill' was wa lking al ong when she suddenly remembered
she hadn't se nt an important ematl.
'Walking a lo ng ' sets th e scen e: th is is what was happening (past
Co ntinuous) whe n th e o the r action occurred (Past Simpl e). Noti ce
th e po sition of th e adverb 's udden ly' and th e USt' of the Past
Perfect ten se with the negative, ' had n' t sent '.
Perhaps she's tryin g to send an email to her coll eague before he
takes a plan e.
The Present Co n tinuo us ts used here to descr ibe a n act ion taking
place a t th e tim e of spea king. Th e Present Simpl e is used her e to
describe 10 describe a future act io n that is 'ttme ta bled'.
O f course, she might be a writ er who just had a moment of
insp iratio n .
Th is Is a usefu l way to introduce an other idea. Notice th e position
of '[ust'. and th e phr ase, ' a moment of inspiration'.
I don 't thin k she's go ing to sta y long because it's q uite
17 SPEAKING EXAM
TIPS: Decide if you want to arg ue for or against the stateme nt first.
Then thi nk of exa mp les for both sides: invent ions that do make our
lives easier, a nd invent ions that only generate prod ucts we must buy.
Prepa re some arg uments to explain wh y you think so, about each of
the exam ples.
Remember, the situation is usually mor e compl ex than this, and most
things belong to both categories.
When you' re doing the task, use examples to illustrate each po int you
make.
Make sure yo u respond to what yo ur partn er is saying (yo u can find
useful phrases for this in the Spea king Bank on page 128 ) - rather
than keep repeating yo ur own argumen ts.
Don't be afraid to admit if you haven't th ought of a ce rtain issue you' re not expected to be an expert o n technolog ical innovations,
yo u' re only tested on how we ll yo u use English.
Don't forget, you can always cha nge yo ur mind about th e state me nt
during the discussion - as long as you use a good variety 01 English
phrases to say so, for example: 'N ow that you've men tion ed this, r
think I'd like to recons ider my pos itio n.'
unc om tortabl e.
' Be go ing to' is used for th e future here , where you are bas in g
what you say o n th e ev ide nce yo u can see - ' it's quite
unc omfortable'. Remem ber t hat in English we refer to o ur
thinking in th e neganve form , 'I don 't think she's goi ng to ' rather than th e anion, *'1 think she 's Ite t ge illg te ..
SMART A NSW ER KEY
199
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by permission.: p80 'Fas t Food Britain by Hila ry Davics, TheWorldofEnxlish
No. 5 1992; p84 'Welcome Back to th e Cold and Flu Seas on' by Dr. Tedd
Mitchell, contributing med ical ed ito r for USA Weekend, 2002; p93 'Pedal
PowerlV to Uproot Couch Potato' by David Sapsted. TheDaily Telegraph 20
April 199 9 ©Telegraph Group limited, 1999 . Reprinted by permission of
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WorldofEn#ish 1";0. 12001; p98 The Art of Bad Taste; The Bri tish Tabloid' by
Hilary Davies. TheWorld of English No. 4 2002; p lM "Jerusalem by the Th am es'
by JPTobin, TheWorldofI:n};lish n02/1999 (41/; pl06 ' Playi ng wi th Marbl es' by
Barn ab y Howard . TheWurld ofEn.~lish No. 3 2002; pl 08 'Getting o ff th e Beaten
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