Session 2021-22
Subject: CHEMISTRY(043)
Class- 12th
Investigatory project on :
To prepare thread of rayon from filter
paper
Name – Arnav Adhikari
Board roll no.- 19632587
SUBMITTED TO: MS. SONU CHOYAL
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Index:
page no.
1.
Certificate
3
2.
Acknowledgement
4
3.
Introduction
5-7
4.
Aim
8
5.
Materials required
8
6.
Reactions
8
7.
Procedure
9-14
8.
Precaution
14-15
9.
Result
15
10. Conclusion
15
11. Bibliography
16
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CERTIFICATE
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
This is to certify that Arnav Adhikari roll
no.19632587Studying in 12th in the
session 2021-22Of Delhi public school,
Indore has completed the investigatory
project on the topic Preparation of rayon
thread from filter paper based on the
curriculum issued by C.B.S.E and has given
satisfactory account of it in this project.
TEACHER IN CHARGE
EXAMINER
PRINCIPAL
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken the efforts in this project.
This would not have been possible
without the support of many individuals. I
would like to thank all of them.
I am highly indebted to the teacher in
charge, Ms. Sonu choyal for their
guidance and constant supervision as well
as for providing necessary information
regarding the project and for their
support.
I would also like to express my gratitude
to my parents and friends who have
willingly helped me out in this project.
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Introduction:
• Natural fibres such as cellulose are the chief
raw materials for the preparation of rayon.
• The term rayon includes all synthetic fibres
obtained from cellulose and are used
commercially in fibre manufacturing .
• Cellulose is the fibrous material that every
plant from seaweed to the sequoia makes
by baking glucose molecules in long chains;
the chains are bound together in the fibers
that give plants their shape and strength.
Wood has now become the main source of
cellulose. Since it contains only 40% to 50%
cellulose, the substance must be extracted
by 'pulping'. The logs are flaked, and then
simmered in chemicals that dissolve the
tarry lignin, resins and minerals. The
remaining pulp, about 93% cellulose, is
dried and rolled into sheets-raw material
for paper, rayon and other products.
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• Cellulose is an insoluble material which was
first converted into soluble derivative called
viscose .The viscose is then forced through
fine orifices into some reagent (usually
dilute sulphuric acid) and the resulting
thread is kept under tension to form fibre of
the required tensile strength. Rayon also
called artificial silk is used for
manufacturing of fabrics like stockings,
shirts, sarees, etc.
• The term rayon includes all synthetic fibres
obtained from cellulose and are used
commercially in fibre manufacturing .
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• cellulose can be obtained in 2 ways :
1.Viscose Process: Cellulose is soaked in 30% caustic soda
solution for about 3 hrs. The alkali solution is removed and
the product is treated with CSi. This gives cellulose
xanthate, which is dissolved in NaOH solution to give
viscous solution. This is filtered and forced through
spinneret into a dilute H2SO4 solution, both of which
harden the gum-like thread into rayon fibers. The process of
making viscose was discovered by C.F.Cross and EJ.Bevan in
1891.
2.Cuprammonium Rayon: Cuprammonium rayon is
obtained by dissolving pieces of filter paper in a deep blue
solution containing tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide. The
latter is obtained from a solution of copper sulphate. To it,
(Na)OH solution is added to precipitate cupric hydroxide,
which is then dissolved in excess of NH/.
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Aim of the project :
• This project is aimed at preparation of rayon
thread from filter paper employing
cuprammonium process .
Materials required:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Beaker
Conical flask
Filteration flask
Vaccum pump bent tube
Glass rod
50% ammonia solution
Dil. Sulpuric Acid
Filter paper or waste paper
Reactions:
• CUSO4+ 2NH4OH — Cu(OH)2+ (NH4)2S04
• Cu(OH)2+4NH4OH—[Cu(NH3)4](0H)2+ 4H2O
• [Cu(NH3) 4](0H) 2 + pieces of filter paper
left for 10-15 days give a viscous solution
called VISCOSE.
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Procedure:
A. Preparation of Schweitzer's Solution:
a) Weigh 20g of CuSO4.5H20.
b) Transfer this to a beaker having 100ml
distilled water and add 15ml of dilute H2SO4
to prevent hydrolysis of CuSO4.
c) Stir it with a glass rod till a clear solution
is obtained. Add 11ml of liquor ammonia drop
by drop with slow stirring. The precipitate of
cupric hydroxide is separated out.
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d) Filter the solution containing cupric
hydroxide through a funnel with filter paper.
e) Wash the precipitate of cupric hydroxide
with water until the filtrate fails to give a
positive test for sulphate ions with barium
chloride solution.
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f)
Transfer the precipitate to a beaker that
contains 50ml of liquor ammonia or wash it
down the funnel. The precipitate when
dissolved in liquor ammonia gives a deep blue
solution of tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide.
This is known as SCHWEITZER'S SOLUTION.
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B. Preparation of Cellulose material
a) After weighing 2g of filter paper divide it
into very fine pieces and then transfer these
pieces to the tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide
solution in the beaker.
b) Seal the flask and keep for 10 to 15 days,
during this period the filter paper is dissolved
completely.
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C. Formation of Ravon Thread:
a) Take 50ml of distilled water in a glass
container. To this add 20ml of conc H2SO4
drop by drop. Cool the solution under tap
water. In a big glass container pour some of
the solution.
b) Fill the syringe with cellulose solution
prepared before.
c) Place the big glass container containing
H2SO4 solution produced before in ice (the
reaction being spontaneous results in excess
release of energy in the form of heat which
makes the fibers weak and breaks them).
d) Immerse the tip of the syringe in the
solution and press gently. Notice the fibers
getting formed in the acid bath. Continue to
move your hand and keep pressing the
syringe to extrude more fibers into the bath.
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e) Leave the fibers in solution till they
decolorize and become strong enough.
f)
Filter and wash with distilled water.
Precautions:
a) Addition of excess NH4 should be
avoided.
b) Before taking the viscose in the syringe
make sure that it does not contain any
particles of paper, otherwise, it would clog
the needle of the syringe.
c) Addition of NH4 should be done in a
fume cupboard and with extreme care. The
fumes if inhaled may cause giddiness.
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d) Use a thick needle otherwise the fibers
won't come out.
Result:
A rayon thread was made of the a filter paper
in a laboratory.
Conclusion:
By doing this experiment I have learnt a lot
about the rayon. I thank my school DELHI
PUBLIC SCHOOL INDORE for giving me this
opportunity for doing this project successfully
and I also thank my Chemistry teacher
Mrs. SONU CHOYAL for Her support which
helped me in making this project a success.
Finally I thank all the helping hands which
helped me doing this project THANK YOU.
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Bibliography:
1. Comprehensive practical chemistry
class-XII
2. Book by Dr.N.K.Verma , Avinash
Ojha.
3. Lakshmi publications pvt limited,
2008.
4. Sources: fdocuments.in ,
icbse.com,etc.
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