Lecture 15
1. What bias was shown in the study when people at a college reunion were asked to recall
their college grades?
Answer: Egocentric
2. What bias was shown in the study of ballplayers predicting where the virtual ball would
go after they hit it?
Answer: hindsight
3. When joseph bogen discusses his translation of the french term that he translated as
“alien hand”, he says that he should have translated it as:
Answer: autonomous hand
4. How did Jill bolte Taylor find her office phone number after her stroke?
Answer: on her business card
5. If you showed joe, the split-brain patient, the following picture projected onto the right
side of the screen, which word would he choose?
Answer: vegetables
6. When joe, the split-brain patient, sees a figure on the ___ side of the screen, he cannot
name it, but he can draw it with his ___ hand.
Answer: right; left
Lecture 16
7. When you perform a lexical decision task which is interrupted by a prospective memory
task how does the specificity of the prospective memory task affect the results?
Answer: the well-specified tasks do not slow the lexical decision task as much as the
iill-specified tasks; the event-based tasks do not slow the lexical decision task as much as the
time-based task
8. In the video clip we viewed, mark mcdaniel and gilles einstein discuss their prospective
memory studies and describe the age differences. What did they find?
Answer: no age difference on the event-based task, large age difference on the time-based task
9. Why is it surprising to alan alda that mahzarin banaji shows a strong implicit association
man and career and a much lower association between woman and career?
Answer: because she has been able to practice on the task
10. What did betsy sparrow find about memory when she studied how people use the
internet to handle information?
Answer: B, people are getting better and better at locating information on the Internet.
11. Thomas reminds himself that he needs to go to the bank after work to take out cash.
This is an example of ____.
Answer: prospective memory
12. In real life (not in the lab)m how do older adults typically perform compared to younger
adults on time-based prospective memory tasks?
Answer: They perform better
13. What did martin et al. find in their study of the impact that the complexity of a distractor
task has on prospective memory?
Answer: High complexity tasks led to a more severe drop off in performance for older adults
than in younger adults
Lecture 17
14. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of asperger’s syndrome?
Answer: short stature relative to family
15. What did ramachandran have tammet do to check his imagery for consistency?
Answer: create models of numbers out of modeling clay
16. When stephen wiltshire begins in drawing of rome, which building does he draw first?
Answer: the Church of St. Peter
17. What language did daniel tammet learn to speak in one week for the television
documentary?
Answer: Icelandic
18. In the video on autism, which of the following captures one of the differences between
autistic children and normal children?
Answer: Autistic children struggle to imitate others
19. Stephen Wiltshire is a unique case of savant because ____.
Answer: he has more than one specialized skill–he also has extraordinary musical skills
Lecture 18
20. Clive wearing has suffered from almost complete anterograde and fairy complete
retrograde amnesia since about 1985. Which of his memory areas are surprisingly
intact?
Answer: memories related to music
21. Jon (a famous patient) has suffered from anterograde amnesia from infancy on. Which of
these cognitive deficits does he have?
Answer: impaired episodic learning and recall
22. What is the rivermead behavioural memory test used to access?
Answer: practical memory problems
23. What is the term for deficit in encoding, storing, or retrieving new events occurring after a
trauma?
Answer: anterograde amnesia
24. What is the term for a loss of access to events that happened in the past?
Answer: retrograde amnesia
25. What procedure was involved in the potential new alzheimer’s test found in 2009 by
leslie shaw and shown in a news video
Answer: testing of spinal fluid
26. What sport was chris nowinski (he subsequently started a foundation for head trauma)
participating in when he sustained hi worse hear injuries and concussions?
Answer: Wrestling
27. How did dave duerson, former NFL star, die after developing CTE?
Answer: a) he shot himself in the chest
28. What job does Mike, the amnesic from the video Living with Amnesia, hold?
Answer: d) injection molding operator
29. In the video Living with Amnesia, we are introduced to Mike. damage to his
hippocampus caused him to have ___.
Answer: a) anterograde amnesia
30. Lindsay has no memories of ever going to disneyland; however, she has a strong sense
of familiarity when she looks at pictures of the theme park. This best illustrates the
difference between ___ and ___.
Answer: B) remembering ; knowing
31. James suffered brain damage in a car accident and has memory deficits. During an
examination, he is asked a series of questions like ‘what did you do on your birthday last
year?’ and ‘tell me about a time when you did a favor for a friend?’ these questions are
designed to investigate if james has ___.
Answer: retrograde amnesia
32. In addition to memory impairments, the clinical diagnosis of alzheimer’s disease requires
at least two other deficits. A deficit in which of the following areas would NOT contribute
to the diagnosis of alzheimer’s disease?
Answer: emotional response
33. Which of the following are warning signs of alzheimer’s disease?
Answer: All of these are warning signs
Lecture 19
34. What diagnositc criteria for PTSD was clearly lacking in the patient with the elevator
experience as described by Dr. Metloff of the San Diego VA (veteran affairs)?
Answer: social isolation
35. In the video, why memories last, dr. larry cahill of UCI is shown in a lab where a woman
is being shown emotional images. Following the exposure, her hand and forearm are
plunged into ice water. What is the purpose of the ice water?
Answer: to activate stress hormones
36. According to the video on PTSD from the UCSD group that featured a psycholotigst and
social worker from the veterans administration in San Diego, what percentage of men
who are raped experience PTSD?
Answer: D over 60%
37. In the video The Memory Pill, beatrice was treated in the emergency room by dr. roger
pitman using a pill to help her with PTSD. what trauma had she experienced?
Answer: a man jumped in front of her subway train
38. Jarob walsh was wounded in an ambush in iraq and was diagnosed with PTSD when he
returned to the US. how did he describe his symptoms of PTSD?
Answer: irritability and impatience
39. All of the following statements are true of PTSD except?
Answer: In the United States, men are more likely to develop PTSD than women
40. Propranolol is a drug that is being considered as a potential treatment for people with
PTSD. which of the statements best capture the rational of administering this drug to
effectively treat PTSD?
Answer: B Decreasing adrenaline will weaken memory consolidation
41. In the dr. roger pitman’s experiment, half of the participants received the drug
propranolol as the other half received a placebo. In addition, dr. pitman did not know if
the patients were in the experimental group or of the control group. This type of
experimental method is called a ____.
Answer: D. (double-blind procedure)
42. What did bernsten and rubin (2008) find in their study on involuntary memories?
Answer: C (Valence and intensity of recurrent memories increase with age, but frequency
decreases as people get older.)
43. In the video, why memories last, dr. mcgaugh placed rats in a water maze and they had
to explore the maze to find a platform. Rats that received an injection to simulate their
___ were significantly faster at finding the platform.
Answer: B (Amygdala)
Lecture 20
44. What insight did marvin minsky, a founder of artificial intelligence, gain from bartlett’s
book?
Answer: B (that memory includes top-down patterns)
45. What was Bartlett’s most significant contribution to memory?
Answer: C (the notion of a schema)
46. Which of these is not a name for the game that inspired bartlett’s memory study?
Answer: A (categories)
47. Bartlett found that when participants were asked to repeat the story “War of the Ghosts,”
they tended to do all of the following except ___.
Answer: D (repeat large segments of the story verbatim)
48. In a drawing of penfield’s sensory homunculus, which of the following body parts would
be drawn largest in size?
Answer: B (lips)
49. The tendency for people to recall information that follows with their own views better than
information that contradicts their views is known as ___.
Answer: C (consistency bias )
50. Which of the following is a limitation of schema theories?
Answer: C (Schema theories underestimate the complexity of memory representations.)
51. According to the hierarchical network model, which of the following items would be
highest in the network?
Answer: B (Animal)
52. According to the spreading activation model, which of the following would receive the
least amount of activation after hearing the word, “RED”?
Answer: A (Street)
Schacter McGaugh-Gerard Lecture – The Seven Sins of Memory: An Update
53. In his talk at UCI, Schacter discusses the individuals, such as Jill Price, who have
HSAM. He talks about a paper that looked at how their retention of memories changed
over time. This study showed that a memory from ___ would have the fewest details.
Answer: A (A week ago)
54. In Schacter’s update on this Seven Sins of Memory, he explains that the origin of his title
is based on ___.
Answer: A ( The Seven Deadly Sins)
55. Shacter, in his talk at UCI, spoke of new work related to the sin of transcience. Research
by Roediger and others has shown a difference in the free recall performance between
subjects that study material twice and subjects who study the material once and test
themselves on it instead of studying it again. What difference was shown?
Answer: B (The study-test group performed better immediately and show less forgetting at two
later times.)
56. According to Schacter, absent-mindedness is a breakdown at the interface of ___ and
___.
Answer: C (Attention;memory)
57. According to Schacter, ___ is the retrospective distortion of memory produced by current
knowledge.
Answer: D (Bias)
58. Schacter describes the experiment on the testing effect by roediger and karpicke. The
dependent variable in this experiment was ___.
Answer: C (idea units recalled)
59. Schacter used the armed bank robber who didn’t bring his mask or gun to illustrate the
sin of ___.
Answer: B (absent-mindedness)
60. According to schacter, when students are checked using auditory probes throughout a
lecture, an average of ___ report mind wandering.
Answer: A (33%)
61. Which of these is not a result that schacter reports for the use of interpolated testing in
lecture?
Answer: C?
62. In a 2011 republican presidential debate, rick perry had problem naming of the three
departments he planned to eliminate. This illustrates the sin of ___.
Answer: B (Blocking)
63. Schacter reports that the ___ is known as the “semantic hub” of the brain.
Answer: D (Temporal lobe)
64. Schacter reports on an imaging study of DRM lists and temporal pole (TP) activity. The
strongest connections in the TP ____ strongest critical lures.
Answer: B
65. Schacter speculates that episodic memory is not only about remembering the past, but is
also important for ___.
Answer: B (Imagining the future)
Foer Chapter 7
66. According to socrates, which egyptian god was the inventor of writing?
Answer: B (Theuth)
67. Who invented the punctuation mark?
Answer: D (Aristophanes, the director of the Library of Alexandria)
68. Which of the following was not a characteristic of scriptio continua?
Answer: B (capital letters and lower case letters were intermixed)
69. When did silent reading become common?
Answer: C (ninth century A.D.)
70. What was the form of written texts in the time of socrates?
Answer: C (Scrolls)
71. What was the title of a fifteenth century italian book on memory training?
Answer: D (Phoenix)
72. Who tried to build a real wooden building that would be a “theater of memory”?
Answer: B (Giulio Camillo)
73. Who wrote physiological memory: the instantaneous art of never forgetting?
Answer: A(Professor Alphonse Loisette)
74. What is lifelogging?
Answer: A (archiving all of one's life in an external memory)
Foer Chapter 8
75. For many years, the four minute mile was an immovable barrier. How long after roger
bannister ran a sub-four minute mile did another runner accomplish this same feat?
Answer: C (Six weeks)
76. According to foer, which of the following is NOT one of the strategies used by
top-achievers to keep out of the autonomous stage while practicing?
Answer: B (avoid failure)
77. Which of the following is a part of the PAO, the technique used by most mental athletes?
Answer: D
78. According to foer, the reason mammographers do not improve with time in the way that
surgeons do is that ___.
Answer: C (the feedback they receive from patient outcomes is weeks or months later)
79. Which of the following is NOT a stage of skill acquisition described by Fitts and Posner?
Answer: B (manual stage)
80. According to the Major System, what is the translation (assignment of sounds to digits)
of the number 530?
Answer: A (LMS)
Foer Chapter 10
81. Who gave the diagnosis of asperger’s syndrome to daniel tammet?
Answer: B (Simon Baron-Cohen)
82. According to Foer, Snyder “turns off” one part of the brain using TMS in order to induce
temporary savant-like artistic skills in normal people. Which area of the brain is that?
Answer: D. the left frontotemporal lobe
83. According to foer’s coach ed cooke, how much of his best performance should he expect
to be when he was in a public competition?
Answer: C (20%)
84. When Daniel Tammet described his synesthesia for numbers, how did each number up
to 10,000 map onto his senses?
Answer: E (all of the above)
85. In spite of this amazing store of knowledge, what was Kim Peek’s IQ?
Answer: C (87)
86. Which was the only savant skill that daniel tammet was will to perform in front of foer?
Answer: A (calendar calculating)
87. The word “savant” originally meant?
Answer: B (man of learning, expert)
Foer Chapter 11
88. The new event introduced at the 2006 U.S. memory championship, which actually
resembled a test of real world memory skills was ___.
Answer: A (Three Strikes and You're Out of the Tea Party)
89. How did Foer prepare for the event involving people giving personal information about
themselves?
Answer: D (all of the above)
90. How did Foer spend his last week before the championship?
Answer: C (he cleaned out his memory palaces)
91. What did Maurice Stoll, the german-born speed-numbers hotshot, say that the enemy of
memory is?
Answer: C (lack of sleep)
92. In which event did foer set a U.S. record at the U.S. memory championship in 2006?
Answer: D (speed cards)
93. What is the trophy for the U.S. memory championship?
Answer: D (a silver hand with gold nail polish)
Schacter Chapter 6
94. In the twenty-year longitudinal study of wives’ feelings about marriage by Kearney and
Coombs, when wives reflected back over their first ten years of marriage, what type of
bias did they show?
Answer: C (p. 143) (
95. Remembering our own past triggers a variety of processes which may distort memory.
Which of the following is not related to egocentric memory biases?
Answer: C (p. 164)
96. Which of the memory bias(es) show how our theories about ourselves can lead us to
reconstruct the past to be overly similar or different from the present?
Answer: A
97. Which of the memory bias(es) reveal that recollections of past events are filtered by
current knowledge?
Answer: B
98. Which of the memory bias(es) illustrate the powerful role of the self in orchestrating
perceptions and memories of reality?
Answer: C
99. Which of the memory bias(es) demonstrate how generic memories shape interpretation
of the world, even when we are unaware of their existence or influence?
Answer: D
100. When patients who experience chronic pain are experiencing high levels of pain in
the present, they are biased to recall similarly high levels of pain in the past. What bias
does this illustrate?
Answer: A
101. When students complete a program designed to enhance their study skills and are
asked to remember their initial level of skill, they tend to report it as being lower that they
had said before they began the program. What memory bias does this illustrate?
Answer: B
102. What is the term for the psychological discomfort that results from conflicting
thoughts and feelings?
Answer: C
103. When a Lakers fan thought at the beginning of the playoffs in 2011 that the Lakers
would win the playoffs for a three-peat, then after the playoffs said that she had expected
them to be eliminated in the second round of the playoffs, she is showing ___.
Answer: D
104. The song “I remember it well” illustrates ___.
Answer: A
105. When college students attempt to remember high school grades, they are much
more accurate in remembering grades of A than grades of D. This reflects ___.
Answer: D
106. Remembering our own past triggers a variety of processes which may distort
memory. Which of the following is not related to egocentic memory biases?
Answer: C
107. When a bystander to a crime has a weak memory for the face of the crimimal but a
strong memory for the gun he was holding, it is an example of ___.
Answer: B
108. Generating alternative scenarios of what might have been or should have been is
___.
Answer: A
Schacter Chapter 7
109. Schacter introduces a chapter on one sin using a story leading from the california
angels championship series to the suicide of the pitcher and murder of his wife. This
introduced the sin of ___.
Answer: C
110. In the chapter on persistence, Schacter recounts a technique one of his students
recommended for handling a tune stuck in their head so that it wouldn't bother them
during an exam. The student ___.
Answer: B
111. Damage to what part of the brain disrupts fear conditioning?
Answer: C
112. What did wegner show about attempts to suppress unwanted thoughts (as reported
in schacter)?
Answer: B
113. In his persistence chapter, schacter reports on a study done by ochsner involving
positive, negative, and neutral photographs. On a subsequent test, people reconigzed
neutral photographs ___ positive and ____ negative photographs while recognizing the
positive photographs ___ the negative photographs.
Answer: D
114. What is the term of obsessive recycling of thoughts and memories regarding one’s
current mood or situation?
Answer: C
115. Generating alternative scenarios of what might have been or should have been is
___.
Answer: A
116. When a bystander to a crime has a weak memory for the face of the criminal but a
strong memory for the gun he was holding, it is an example of ___.
Answer: B
117. A chronic perception of oneself as an inadequate or flawed individual is the result of
___.
Answer: A
Schacter Chapter 8
118. Schacter reports that cognitive psychologist John Anderson, summarizes the
consensus view of human memory by the artificial intelligence (AI) community as ___.
Answer: D
119. To support his argument that the memory “sins” are actually features, schacter cites
the navigational technique that leads a mother gerbil to run right past her slightly
displaced nest, even if full of unhappy babies, to its prior location. He labels this
technique ____ as says it is highly effective in normal circumstances.
Answer: B
120. Schacter ties the various sins of memory to processes of evolution. Which of the
following is NOT one of the types of evolutionary development he uses to describe
features of the human mind?
Answer: B
121. What is the term for features that now enhance fitness, but were not build by natural
selection for their current role?
Answer: A
122. Schacter reports on a Beversdorf study comparing the recognition memory for word
lists of autistic with nonautistic adults. The autistic adults had a lower rate of ____ than
the nonautistic adults on semantically related words that they had not previously studied.
Answer: A
123. The term, widely used in memory research, for the general sense of information,
such as what we recall about the details of a specific event, is ____.
Answer: C
124. What scientist imprinted just-hatched goslings onto himself?
Answer: D
ZAPS
125. In the ZAP on memory bias, what was the independent variable?
Answer: D
126. Why were there two dependent variables in the memory bias ZAP?
Answer: C
127. What is/are the independent variable(s) in the Implicit association task?
Answer: A
128. What is the dependent variable in the implicit association task?
Answer: B
129. What is the independent variable in the form of the stroop experiment in the ZAP?
Answer: A
130. Why are false trails included in an experiment such as sentence verification?
Answer: A
131. The independent variables in the encoding specificity ZAP are ___ and ___.
Answer: C
132. According to the encoding specificity ZAP, in addition to a match between the
presence of cue words in the encoding context and retrieval context, ___ and ___ are
also an examples of contexts that affect encoding specificity.
Answer: A
Schacter Updates
133. Schacter beings his update of the sins of bias chapter repeating the conclusion of
george orwell’s ministry of truth that past events ____.
Answer: A
134. In his update on the sin of bias, schacter discesses implicit bias. This concept grew
out of the two research literatures : ___ and ___.
Answer: D
135. In his update on the sin of bias, schacter reports on a study examining the changes
over a decade of the implicit biases found on the project implicit website. Which of these
did NOT show a reduction in both implicit and explicit bias?
Answer: C
136. In shacter’s update on the sin of persistence, he discusses ___, or the idea that
when a memory is retrieved, it enters a libile state and is vulnerable to disruption.
Answer: C
137. What is the fading affect bias (discusses by schacter in the update on vices or
virtues)?
Answer: A
138. In his update on vices or virtues, schacter cites studies that link mind-wandering with
___.
Answer: D
139. According to schacter in his update on vices and virtues, the question tulving asking
of KC for which shacter found the answer to be instructive was ___.
Answer: D
Midterm 2
Lecture 8:
1. In the midst of telling a story, Rebecca couldn’t recall the word “encode” and instead
could only think of words like “unload” and “explode.” Rebecca is most likely suffering
from
Ans: D. tip of the tongue phenomenon
2. Identify the true statement about the Tip-of-the-Tongue phenomenon
Ans:C. It occurs more often in older adults than in younger adults
3. What did Karin Humphreys discover in her research on the Tip-of-the-Tongue
phenomenon?
Ans:A. When participants struggled for longer periods of time during a TOT state,
they were more likely to fall into a TOT state when tested the next day
4. As the result of Alzheimer’s, Diana has incurred damage to the medial prefrontal cortex
of her brain. It is likely that she would have a problem
Ans: B. recognizing the effects of the damage
5. The Tip-of-the-Tongue phenomenon has been used to study all of the following
EXCEPT:
Ans: C. Signal Detection
Lecture 9:
6. According to Naren and Nelson’s model of metamemory, Jane’s judgment that she has
learned the material and is ready for the midterm occurs during which stage of memory?
Ans: B. Acquisition and Retention
7. If you were given material to study in a short amount of time, your retention of the
material would be best if you spent more time studying
Ans: B. items that you find easy
8. Metamemory is
Ans: B. our knowledge and awareness of our own memory processes.
9. Christopher becomes aware that he does not know the difference between short-term
memory and working memory. This awareness best describes which of the following
Ans: C. monitoring
10. Metamemory deficits have been found in all of the following except
Ans: D. Schizophrenia
11. In the video, Alfred Kaszniak lists different neurological diseases that contain metamemory
deficits and emphasizes that the diseases are very difficult from each other. However, what does
Kazniak claim is something they all have in common
Ans: A. Damage to the prefrontal lobe
12. After going over her lecture notes, Krisitin asked herself questions about the role of attention in
memory and couldn’t come up with any answers, so she went over her notes a second time. This
best characterizes
Ans: C. judgements of learning
13. Son and Metcalfe’s (2002) study on the Region of Proximal Learning demonstrated that
Ans: A. student w/ more time to study chose hardest passages to review
Lecture 10:
14. In the video about EP, he jokes with the experimenter about how to make a task he was
asked to do a little harder. This joke demonstrates a particular type of memory, which
typical jokes do not. What type of memory is this
Ans:B. Metamemory
15. Patient E.P. suffered damage to all of the following brain areas EXCEPT
Ans:C. Frontal lobe
16. Which of these is not one of Ekman’s basic facial expressions
Ans: A. Boredom
17. E.P. could easily provide directions for landmarks near his childhood home, but could not
do the same for the neighborhood he currently lived in. His inability has been attributed
to the damage that occurred to his
Ans:B. Hippocampus
18. A patient with difficulty forming new memories is presented a list of 24 words. Later the
patient is shown the words again along with other words not shown in the first time and
is asked as each word is presented to determine whether it was presented earlier. This is
an example of a _____ test
Ans: B. yes-no recognition
19. E.P., whom Foer termed “the most forgetful man in the world,” has problems with all of
the following forms of memory EXCEPT
Ans: C. Implicit memory
20. Though E.P. has many memory deficits, which of the following tasks can he still perform
Ans: B. List different routes from the house he grew up in to the theatre
21. Jason is shown a list of words, one of which is “college.” He then is prompted to say the
first word that comes to mind that starts with “col” and actually reports “college”. This
best exemplifies
Ans: C. priming
22. Through examination and study of patients like E.P. are invaluable because:
Ans: A. They provide a unique opportunity to learn which abilities are lost and
which are retained after damage to a specific part of the brain
Lecture 11
23. Which of these is NOT a difference between laboratory settings and real-life settings in
studying eyewitness testimony
Ans: D. Laboratory settings or more stressful than real life settings
24. In the video on Ronald Cotton, we saw that Jennifer Thompson’s error misattribution was
reinforced when she was told that the man she chose in the physical lineup was the same
man in the photo lineup. Which of the following was suggested to eliminate this
reinforcement?
Ans: B. Have an independent person who doesn’t know who the suspect is
administer the lineups
25. You are selected to serve on a jury for a case where a man is being convicted of stealing
the UCI mascot and throwing it into a pit filled with countless fire ants. Because you
have taken Psych 46A, you know that before accepting eyewitness testimony as a truth,
we should remember that
Ans: A. Eyewitness testimony is frequently unreliable and very persuasive to jurors
26. Which of the following factors was NOT suggested as contributing to Jennifer Thompson
mistakenly identifying Ronald Cotton as her attacker?
Ans: A) During the photo lineup the pictures were presented sequentially rather
than simultaneously.
27. According to the theory of unconscious transference, Joe is likely to incorrectly identify a
person in police lineup as being the culprit of a crime when
Ans: A) the person happened to be at the scene of the crime.
28. Eyewitness recognition of culprits in a police lineup has been shown to be aided if
Ans: B. The individuals in the lineup are presented sequentially
29. When using the cognitive interview technique one should avoid
Ans: B. Sticking to predetermined questions
30. The presence of violence during an incident has been shown to
Ans: D. Enhance memory of central aspects of the event
Lecture 12:
31. Given the list of words (bed, rest, awake, tired, dream, wake, snooze) a person is likely to
recall the word “sleep” because of the ____ illusion
Ans: B. deese-Roedigeer-McDermott
32. Some individuals believed that the Beach Boy’s hit song “Surfin USA” too closely
resembled Chuck Berry’s song “Sweet Little Sixteen''. This close resemblance may be an
example of
Ans: B
33. According to the video clip, Schacter used a PET scan to show that true memories
differed from false memories in that false memories did NOT show any activation in the
Ans: D
Lecture 13:
34. Among adults that recall being sexuallly abused as children, research suggests that the
least trustworthy accounts come from individuals that
Ans: C
35. Geraerts et al. (2007) study demonstrated that we should be very careful and suspect of
claims of childhood sexual abuse when they were
Ans: A
36. The stories of Paul Ingram, Nadean Cool, and Meredith Maran stress which of the
following facts about false memories
Ans: D
37. How did Wade, Garry, Read, and Lindsay (2002) implant false memories in their
participants in their hot air balloon study
Ans: C
Lecture 14:
38. Which of these does not cause suggestibility of young children as witnesses
Ans: C
39. Six-month-old Zachary has learned to kick when his leg is attached to a mobile
positioned over his head. Psychologists would suggest that this demonstrates the
development of _____ memories.
Ans: A
40. What type of memory can infants display immediately after birth
Ans: B
41. Why does Rovee-Collier change the task from the mobile to the train with older babies
Ans: C
42. Ryan fell down a step and broke his leg when he was 2 years old, but he has no memories
of it happening. This is best described as
Ans: C
43. Natalie wants to make sure the memory she is studying for her experiment is declarative
and not implicit. Which of the following tests would you recommend her running to
ensure she is measuring declarative memory?
Ans: B
44. Which of the following best explains why younger children commit less false recall
errors in the DRM paradigm than older children
Ans: A
45. In the video on autobiographical memory in infancy, what did they conclude from the
study that had kids look into mirrors and later tested if they could remember where a
stuffed animal lion was place
Ans: D
False Memory Video:
46. In the False Memory video, what was the event that led Nadean Cool to realize that she
had created a whole new past for herself
Ans: C-her therapist moved away
47. Craig and John attended the NCAA Championship basketball game 10 years ago. Craig
claims that fans rushed onto the court after the game, while John str
48. esses that the fans did not rush onto the court. What fact of memory best supports how
two people can have different recollections of the same event
Ans:C. Memories are constructed by bits and pieces from the past, which leaves
holes that the person must fill in
49. After Loftus was told that she was the one who found her mother’s dead body, which of
the following did she NOT experience
Ans:D-her emotions for the experience were blunted (she experienced emotional
detachment)
50. After many sessions of hypnosis by her therapist, Nadean Cool experienced recalling all
of the following false memories EXCEPT
Ans:A-she had been a famous child actress
51. According to the False Memories video, what did Loftus discover in her study in which
subjects were asked to imagine falling and cutting their hands
Ans: A. PArticipants who visualized cutting their hands on broken glass were more
confident that their memory of the event was accurate
52. Ken Norman of the University of Colorado, Boulder, gave an analogy in the False
Memories film between the parts of the memories of an event and a set of balloons on
strings. In the analogy, what part of the brain serves as the hand that holds all the strings
of the balloons to unite them
Ans:B-the hippocampus
53. Who influenced Paul Ingram’s daughter to accuse him of sexually molesting her
Ans: D-her counselor at church camp
54. Which of these was not one of the memories that Stephanie Slater was able to report after
her kidnapping
Ans: A-the sound of church bells in the distance
55. Ken and Jennifer have cooked countless meals together. When asked to recall times that
they have cooked together, we would expect which of the following
Ans: B
56. The False Memories video discusses how the ___ processes source information and if it
is damages, it may lead to confabulations
Ans: A. Frontal Lobe
57. Nadean Cool’s past was replaced by false memories, Which disorder did Nadean soon
experience after the onset of these false memories.
Ans: C-multiple personality disorder
58. In the experiment by Saul Kassin, ___ of the participants signed a form stating that they
committed the “crime” of pressing the “alt” key. Of the participant___ recalled textures
memories of pressing the key
Ans: A) All; two-thirds
59. Connor witnesses a murder at a drum line compettion. When he was brought in for
questioning, the detective calmed Connor down and asked him to recall everything that
he had seen. The detective was very patient and never interrupted Connor. At the end of
the interview, he had Connor recall the last event of the crime and work backwards from
that point (tell the story backwards). In this case, the detective is using which of the
following techniques of interrogation?
Ans: A. Standard
60. How did Nadean Cool get better and come to realize that all these memories she was
recalling didn’t actually happen
Ans: C-her doctor left town and she stopped taking her medication
Foer Chapter 3
61. SF was an undergraduate student who worked on the digit span task for over two years.
After two years of practice, approximately what was SF’s digit span.
Ans: A. 70
62. How did Freud explain infantile amnesia
Ans: D. Repression of the hypersexualized memories of early childhood
63. When chess pieces are randomly placed on a chess board, how many positions(name the
piece and its location) can the average chess master remember.
Ans: B. Seven
64. How long does it take to complete the Zen-Nippon Chick Sexing School program
Ans: C. 2 years
65. How many chicks must a student of chick sexing work through before becoming at all
proficient
Ans: C. 250,000
66. What name is given to decreasing the number of items to remember by increasing the
size of each (combining item)
Ans: D. Chunking
Foer Chapter 4:
67. What is Ribot’s Law
Ans: C. Memories that are older are less subject to disruption
68. Why was surgery performed on HM
Ans: C. he had severe epileptic seizures
Foer Chapter 5:
69. What are the two components of artificial memory, according to Ad Herennium
Ans: A. Images and Places
70. How did Ed Cooke suggest to Joshua Foer that he make the word “e-mail” concrete
Ans: D. imagine a she-male sending an email
71. Long ago, which of the following were NOT considered centerpieces of the classical
education in the language arts
Ans: C. Composition
72. What is the point of memory techniques
Ans: C. to transform memories into forms that we can easily remember
Foer Chapter 6
73. What is the Latin term for word-for-word memory
Ans: B. Memoria verborum
74. Metrodorus of Scepsis devised a system to see the unseeable as an aid in memorizing. His
shorthand system contributed ways to image all of the following EXCEPT
Ans: B. adjectives
75. What do actors call the units that they break their lines into
Ans: D. beats
Schacter Chapter 3:
76. The Baker/bake paradox asks
Ans: A.
77. Which of the following is not suggested as a reason that blocking on names of familiar
people is more common as we age
Ans: A.
78. At what level in the Burke-MacKay theory do the proper name Baker and the occupation
bake differ the most
Ans: C.
79. Bill sustained a head injury and while his memory seems fine in other respects, he cannot
remember the names of familiar people. He probably sustained damage to
Ans: B.
80. What is the term for the inability to remember names of familiar people
Ans: B.
81. What word was John Prescott looking for when he was asked about the Millennium
Dome
Ans: D.
82. What procedure did Brown and McNeil introduce to induce TOT experiences
Ans: A.
83. Which of the following is not mentioned by Brown and McNeil (and others) as
something frequently known by someone in the TOT state about the blocked word
Ans: B.
84. What does the term “ugly sister” refer to
Ans: B.
85. Schacter describes a study in which the subject is given a set of words drawn from
common categories to study. In the first condition, the subject is asked to recall as many
of the words from the list as possible. In the second condition, the subject is asked to
recall as many words from the list as possible and is furnished with a couple of words
from the list. How does recall in the first case compare to recall in the second case
Ans: A.
86. What typically precedes “psychogenic amnesia” the blocking of segments of someone’s
personal past
Ans: B.
87. In the patient PN, who lost 19 years of memories, what area of the brain was active when
he looked at photographs from those 19 years
Ans: D.
Schacter Chapter 4
88. What is the term for the feeling of already having experienced an event
Ans: C.
89. In the context of the “Sin of Misattribution,” Schacter discusses the conjunctions needed
to form a coherent memory. What is the term used by psychologists for the linking
process of gluing together the various components of an experience into an unitary whole
Ans: B.
90. What is the type of misattribution that can result in combining two words, such as spaniel
and varnish, into Spanish
Ans: A.
91. What is cryptomnesia
Ans: C.
92. What explanation did Schacter give for the improved performance on the DRM paradigm
when pictures of each of the words in the list were shown
Ans: D.
Schacter Chapter 5:
93. Schacter describes the filming of a segment of Scientific American Frontiers. When Alan
Alda falsely remembered some scenes from the picnic after viewing photographs, he
experience the sin of
Ans: B.
94. Wells and Bradfield conducted a study in which they showed participants viewed a
security video of a man entering a store, told them he later murdered a security guard,
then asked them to identify him from photos. Which of these was NOT one of the ways
that those who received confirming feedback differed from those who received
disconfirming or no feedback?
Ans: B.
95. Schacter reports on the role of memory in solving various crimes. How was the critical
information that led to the identification of the criminals that perpetrated the 1976
Chowchilla school bus kidnapping obtained.
Ans: A.
96. Hyman and associates have successfully implanted false memories of childhood
1experiences in a significant percentage of their subjects. According to Hyman, what is
the part of our recognition that is the culprit in suggested memories
Ans: D.
97. In the 1980s, there were accusations of various types of abuse made against the directors
of the Fells Acres Day Care School and this eventually resulted in prison sentences.
Which of these is NOT true of the Fells Acres children, who made accusations of horrible
abuse
Ans: A.
98. Ten months after the event, what percentage of participant in a Dutch study falsely
remembered watching tapes of a cargo plane crashing into an apartment building
Ans: C.
ZAPS (8-13) and Related Lecture
99. Imagine you have two friends majoring in English. Albany specializes in Shakespearan
literature and Daisy specializes in 20th-century American literature. If they were both
given Shakespearean’s Macbeth to read, how would they most likely differ in their
readings and comprehension of the play
Ans: B
100. A major difference in the relative ease with which you are able to fill in the missing
letters in two words of similar structure (such as consonant, missing letter, double
consonant, consonant, missing letter) in half-finished crossword puzzle would be from
____
Ans: B
101. In False Memories ZAP, the classic Loftus car crash study is discussed. Which of
these is NOT one of the forms of memory distortion that Loftus cites as reason people
falsely remember seeing glass
Ans: A
102. Research by Swinney was discussed in the context of the Lexical Decision ZAP.
When subjects were simultaneously listening to sentences with ambiguous words and
performing a lexical decision task, the minimal length of the delay between priming and
testing necessary for only the relevant word to remain activated was
Ans: C
103. Based on Meyer and Schvaneveldt’s work as described in the Lexical Decision ZAP,
which of these words would you expect to show the quickest lexical decision time when
preceded by the word “Farm”
Ans: B
104. Researchers pay participants $15 for each response that is a correct rejection response
and $2 for each hit response. How might this affect a participant’s response criterion
Ans: C
105. Using Signal Detection Theory terminology, if a doctor views a X-ray photograph
and fails to see the tumor, it is a ___
Ans: B
106. In an experiment with two or more independent variables, there is ____ if the
dependent variable for one value of an independent variable depends on the value of the
other independent viable
Ans: C
107. The large study done in 1961 at Brown University of word usage in American
English was a
Ans: B
108. A causal study, such as the Word Frequency ZAP, in which the subject must respond
to many instances of similar stimuli and the results for each similar set are averaged
together , is termed a
Ans: C
109. The False Memory ZAP uses the DRM paradigm. The set of words are tested on will
have some you have seen before and some new. Of the new, some are related and some
not. The word that is new most central to the whole theme of the set of words is the
Ans: D
110. On the Lexical Decision ZAP, in which way did the pattern of our class results differ
from the pattern in the Reference DATA
Ans: C
111. In the discussion of the Lexical Decision ZAP, factors influence the amount of time it
takes to determine whether some letters are a word or not are mentioned. The term
describing a word that can have many different meanings and uses is
Ans: C
112. In the Signal Detection ZAP, the dependent variable is __
Ans: B
Loftus TED Talk: How Reliable is Your Memory?
113. Distinguished UCI Professor, Dr.Elizabeth Loftus, was able to implant false
memories in her research subject by
Ans: C suggestibility techniques
114. In her TED Talk, Dr.Elizabeth addresses the issue of whether laboratory simulation of
an event is really as stressful as the type of harrowing experience that is often associated
with eyewitness testimony. The recently published study that she cites to counter this
criticism involved subjects that
Ans: C US military training exercise
115. Why did critics accuse Loftus of advocating lying to children
Ans: A suggested that implanting false memories in children could fight obesity
Schacter Book Updates
116. What was particularly ironic about Rick Perry’s prime-time televised episode of the
sin of blockin
Ans: D
117. Schacter reports that his research group used fMRI studies of people in induced TOT
states to show that the brain regions ___ become highly active during TOT state
Ans: A
118. The critical comparison that is made in the think-no-think procedure which results in
the measurement of ___ is the comparison of the final recall of the “no think” words
compared to words studies initially but not included in the think-no-think portion of the
experiment
Ans: B??
119. Anne Cleary and colleagues studied deja vu and precognition using virtual reality.
What did she find about precognition in those experiencing deja vu.
Ans: B
120. In his update on Misattribution, Schacter compares the demonstration of the “True
machine” or use of fMRI data to distinguish between true and false memories in the lab
to using this data in the courtroom. A large problem arises from the ___ of data across___
Ans: A
121. The exoneration of the Central Park Five came as a result of
Ans: B
122. Schacter reports that in a 1992 survey of psychotherapists found that ___ agree with
the statement, “Hypnosis can be used to recover memories of actual events as far back as
birth,” while in 2012 ___ agreed with it
Ans: A
Lecture 8
1. In the midst of telling a story, Rebecca
couldn’t recall the word “encode” and instead
could only think of words like “unload” and
“explode”. Rebecca is most likely suffering
from.
D. tip of the tongue phenomenon
2.Identify the true statement about the
tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon.
D) All of the above
3.What did karin humphreys discover in her
research on the TOT phenomenon?
A) When participants struggled for longer
periods of time during a TOT state, they were
more likely to fall into a TOT state when
tested the next day.
4.As the result of Alzheimer’s, Diana has
incurred damage to the medial prefrontal
cortex of her brain. It is likely that she would
have a problem ____.
B. recognizing the effects of the damage
5.The “tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon has
been used to study all of the following
EXCEPT:
C. Signal Detection
Lecture 9
6. According to Narin‘s and Nelson‘s model of
meta-memory, Jane’s judgment that she has
learned the material and is ready for the
midterm occurs during which stages of
memory?
B.
7. If you were given material to study in a
short amount of time,your retention of the
material would be best if spent more time
studying ___________.
8. Metamemory is _______
B. our knowledge and awareness of our own
memory processes.
9. Christopher becomes aware that he does
not know the difference between short-term
memory and working memory. This
awareness best describes which of the
following?
10.
11.
12.
13.
C. monitoring