dehydrating agents
__________ cannot be used in processors or with isopropanol
incomplete dehydration results in
clearing agents must be miscible with ______ and _______.
the dye-check solution of eosin can only be added to
________, not isopropanol
a reagent that CANNOT be used for dehydrating tissues is:
one disadvantage using dioxane for processing is
paraffin used for embedding is ___ degrees celsius.
Drierite (dehydratant)
alcohol, acetone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (last two are
universal solvents)
dehydratant and paraffin
mushy soft sections
benzene (clearnat)
ethanol (dehydratant)
53 degrees celsius
it is TOXIC
one xylene disadvantage is
overheating of paraffin used for embedding may cause
routine use paraffin melting point should be
one advantage of paraffin use is
which is not a clearing agent?
chloroform/ethanol/dioxane/xylene
when cutting a block, if the tissue seems hard and brittle...
when used for clearing, cedar wood oil must be followed by
SOFT paraffin is most useful when _______ sections are
desired.
cracking of the block
it is likely to harden tissue
serial sections are easy to obtain
55 to 58 degrees C
overheated paraffin
ethanol (dehydratant)
thick
xylene (clearant)
paraffin is cooled rapidly as possible after embedding to
prevent
denatured alcohol
dehydration and clearing steps can be omitted when
METHYL ALCOHOL
ETHYL ALCOHOL
Dioxane
Acetone
ISOPROPANOL
ethanol + methanol or ethanol + isopropanol (dehydratant)
formation of large crystals
POISONOUS dehydratant, NOT USED ALONE PEL=200 /
not for skin; breaks down to formaldehyde; causes blindness
and death
using water-soluble wax (embedding medium)
a UNIVERSAL SOLVENT which is faster, less shrinkage
than ethanol, toxic, rarely used / PEL-OSHA=100 /PELNIOSH=1
a dehydratant that CANNOT BE USED IN PLACE OF
ETHANOL WHEN STAINING! PEL=400
BEST DEHYDRATANT!!!
PEL=1,000 /
60-65-95-95-absolute
(dehydratant) PEL-OSHA=1,000 / PEL-NIOSH=250 / (rapid,
cheap, but absorbs water from the air) USED IN TOUCH
PREPS OR FAST FIXES. CAN ALSO BE USED LIKE A
UNIVERSAL SOLVENT.
BUTYL ALCOHOL
PEL=100 / used as clearing agent in most labs
Tertiary Butanol
Toluene
Tetrahydrofuran
Benzene
CHLOROFORM PEL=50
XYLENE SUBSTITUTES ARE
xylene (clearant)
4 PLANTS AND ANIMAL MATERIAL! PEL=100
(dehydratant)
BEST HYDROCARBON CLEARING AGENT, PEL=50,
STEL=150 /not as hard as xylene
(dehydratant)odorous, expensive, solidifies at room
temperature,MIXES WITH WATER, ETHANOL, XYLENE /
PEL=100
fast, does not over-harden, WILL HARDEN MUSCLE,
TENDON, UTERUS more than TOLUENE // PEL=10
a universal solvent that is miscible in lower alcohols, water,
xylene, toluene, benzene, chloroform, acetone,melted parrafin.
less toxic than dioxane. PEL=200 / offensive odor, causes
conjunctivitis/ BEST UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS AND LIMONENE
chloroform is carcinogenic
water soluble waxes
5% aqueous formic acid will
a nitrocellular compound used for embedding (i. Parloidion).
storage blocks held in 80% alcohol. hardened with
chloroform. mixed with ether and absolute alcohol to prepare.
celloidin MUST BE
great for undecalcified bone, kidney, bone marrow, lymph
node biopsies
ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
best processing for enzyme demonstration
sections processed by _______ method show less shrinkage
than when processed by paraffin.
decalcify most bones in 3 to 5 days
CARBOWAX: dehydrating and clearing unnecessary.
Infiltrates tissue directly from fixative.BAD: floating out
occurs
dehydrated
celloidin
a dehydratant that retains tissues for extended periods of time.
more than ethanol or 70% alcohol
GMA Glycol Methacrylate , acrylic resin which is miscible
with water.
celloidin
frozen sections
ion exchange resin & electrolytic methods of decalcification
are considered
these agents EDTA)bind certain metals
30% sucrose
acid methods
chelating agents
best way to get frozen sections from formalin fixed,
unprocessed tissue, by infiltrating in this