Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Freedom of the Human Person
First Edition, 2020
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12
Introduction to the
Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Freedom of the Human Person
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Table of Contents
Overview
i
Pre – Assessment
iv
Lesson Proper
Lesson 1: Definition of Freedom and Its Kind
1
Lesson 2: Voluntariness, Responsibility, and
Making Choices
5
Lesson 3: Exercising Freedom in a Responsible
and Beneficial Manner
9
Generalization
13
Application
14
Post – Assessment
15
References
19
Overview
Name:
Date:
Score:
Subject:
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Topic:
Freedom of the Human Person
Content
Standards:
The learner understands the human person’s freedom
Performance
Standards:
Learning
Competencies:
What is this
module all
about:
Module
Content:
The learner shows situations that demonstrate freedom of choice
and the consequences of choices
1. Realize that “all actions have consequences.”
(PPT11/12-IIa-5.1)
2. Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices
(PPT11/12-IIa-5.2)
3. Realize that:
(PPT11/12-IIb-5.3)
a. Choices have consequences
b. Some things are given up while others are obtained in
making choices
4. Show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the
consequences of their choices.
(PPT11/12-IIc-5.4)
Freedom is innate to human person; freedom allows us to enjoy the
life given to us. It gives us the ability to choose what the best is for
ourselves. In this module, you will be able to understand and learn
more the value of freedom and how important it is to use our
freedom responsibly in a manner that it will be of good not just for
yourself but also for others.
Lesson 1: Definition of Freedom and Its Kind
Lesson 2: Voluntariness, Responsibility, and Making Choices
Lesson 3: Exercising Freedom in a Responsible and Beneficial
Manner
i
Components in each Lesson
What I Need to Know
-
Learning Objectives
What I Know?
-
Pre-Assessment
What’s In?
-
Review Activity
What’s New?
-
Motivational Activity
What is It?
-
Lesson Proper
What’s More?
-
Performance Task
What I Have Learned?
-
Generalization
What I Can Do?
-
Application
Assessment
-
Post-Assessment
ii
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, the learners will be able to:
1. understand the true essence of freedom;
2. exercise prudence in making choices;
3. rationalize that:
a. choices have consequences;
b. some things are given up while others are obtained in making
choices, and
4. show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and its consequences.
The following are your guides for the proper use of this module:
1. Follow closely the instructions in every activity.
2. Be honest in answering and checking your exercises.
3. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you
already know.
4. Answer the exercises at the end of every lesson.
5. Review the lesson that you find difficult to understand.
6. Seek assistance from your teacher if you need help.
7. Ask permission from y our parents/guardians whenever you have research
and requirements to be conducted outside your home.
iii
What I know
A. Encircle the letter that corresponds your answer. Write your answers in your
activity notebook.
1. This refers to the ability to make choices and perform actions. It is an intrinsic
and essential property of the human person.
a. Freedom
b. Free Will
c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness
2. A type of freedom from physical restraint.
a. Moral freedom
b. Physical freedom
c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness
3. This is the kind of freedom which allows a person to perform actions which he
or she considers right and wise.
a. Freedom of choosing
b. Voluntarism
c. Psychological freedom
d. Moral Freedom
4. It is the ability to act out one’s free will and self-determination.
a. Volunteerism
b. Responsibility
c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness
5. This means that a person is being accountable for his or her actions and their
consequences.
a. Responsibly
b. Responsibility
c. Irresponsibleness
d. Voluntariness
iv
B. Put a check beside each number of the statement which shows responsible
use of freedom.
1. Instead of buying new dress for a party she is going to attend, Sheena
decides to borrow a dress from her sister.
2. Knowing that her classmate will be humiliated by the photo she took, Mika still
posted the photo in their class group chat.
3. Despite his classmate’s friends threatening him, Mark decided to tell his
teacher that his classmates stole a test paper for their final examination.
4. Instead of going out with his friends on a Saturday night, Miguel spends his
time with his family.
5. Although the beauty product Kim is selling is very in demand, Kim stopped
selling it knowing that it can cause harm to the skin if used for a long time.
C. Analyzing situations.
Read the following situations below. How are you going to apply prudence in
making a choice to exercise your freedom more responsibly? Encircle the letter
that corresponds your answer.
1. Your family is experiencing financial difficulty. You are being enrolled in a
private school with a high tuition fee but your parents do not want you to
transfer to a public school despite your situation. As their daughter/son what
are you going to do?
a. You are going to stay in your school because that is what your parents
want you to do.
b. You won’t mind because that is your parent’s problem.
c. You will explain to your parents that transferring school is the best way
to resolve the family’s financial problem.
d. You will stop going to school.
2. A teacher informed you that your brother has to repeat some subjects due to
his failing grades. She asked you to tell your parents about it and that she
wanted to meet them. But your brother asked you not to tell your parents and
that he will find another person to stand as your parents. What are you going
to do?
a. You will not tell your parents because your brother asked you not to do
it.
b. You will not tell your parents in exchange of your brother’s allowance.
c. You won’t mind because you do not care about your brother’s problem.
v
d. You will tell your parents because you know that granting your brothers
request will not do any good but instead will just lead him to do to
things that could again affect his studies.
3. Your best friend humiliated you, making you a laughing stock in your school.
As her best friend you also knew a lot about her that would humiliate her as
well when exposed. What then are you going to do?
a. You will not do what she did to you because you know that it will not do
any good.
b. You will expose her secrets so that she will have the same fate as you.
c. You will confront and start a fight with her.
d. You will not do the same, instead you’ll do actions that will gain back
your friendship.
4. You are invited to a debut party of your best friend. She expected you to be
there. Her birthday falls on a Wednesday but you’re having a final exam the
next day. How are you going to deal with the situation?
a. You will go to the party and will not study for your exam.
b. You will not go to the party and you will study for your exam.
c. You will go to the party but you will go home early to study.
d. You will not go to the party and will not study.
5. You saw a classmate bullied by your schoolmates outside your school. You
just turned a blind eye and walked the other way because you do not want to
get involved. The next day, you heard the news that your bullied classmate
was admitted to the hospital due to injuries. The school and the family of the
bullied child is asking if someone saw the incident to have someone to testify.
The bullies already warned you not say a single word otherwise they will do
the same to you. What are you going to do then?
a.
b.
c.
d.
You will not report because your safety is at stake.
You will report to prevent the bullies from doing it again.
You will not report because you do not care about your classmate.
You will report the incident in exchange for money.
vi
Lesson 1: Definition of Freedom and
It’s Kind
Learning Competency: Realize that “all actions have consequences”. (PPT11/12IIa-5.1)
What’s New?
Activity 1:
Draw Me A Picture.
Draw the picture asked and answer the guide questions.
Place your answer in your activity notebook.
1. Draw a picture of a bird inside a cage.
1. In relation to freedom what do you think does your drawing means?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
1
2. What do you think is the difference if the bird is inside the cage and if it is
outside?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What is It?
What is Freedom?
-
The ability to make choices and perform those choices.
The ability to be what we want and to decide and create oneself.
Two concepts that will help us fully understand freedom:
1. Freedom itself
According to Merriam Dictionary, it is the quality or state of being free.
It is our capacity to choose of what we wanted and an inner awareness of
what is right and wrong that is traced to our free will according to Aristotle. It is
also an intrinsic and an essential property of a human person which basically
means, it is a part of our human nature.
Example:
Think of yourself as a student, your teacher told you to study your lessons for
the day for you will have a long quiz the next meeting. However, as you
reached home you find yourself having a good time doing Facebook and
online chatting with your friends. Using your freedom, you can either choose
to follow your teacher’s advice to study your lessons for your quiz the next
morning or continue doing the thing which you find enjoyable.
2. Free will
Our free will allows us to decide on things we do depending on the
situation. It is our ability to choose between two different possible courses of
action, independently. Simply put it, free will is our ability to choose things
according to our moral reasoning.
2
To sum it all, our freedom then could trace down in a person’s exercise
of his rationality/intellect and free will. Simply that individual actions as it is
freely chosen by an individual it then defines who and what kind of person one
is. We all are free to choose, to be good person and act on it accordingly or
be a bad person and act in a bad way. As our actions and choices reflects us
doing what is good and acting on it is what makes you a good person while on
the other hand doing the negative will also give a negative impression to an
individual.
This has been tackled on the previous lesson that selfdetermination or the ability to choose on what is right and wrong, that a
person’s action determines what kind of person he or she becomes.
KINDS OF FREEDOM
1. Physical Freedom
Physical freedom refers to the absence of any physical restraint. The person has
the freedom of mobility to go where he or she wants to go. He or she is not impeded in
his or her actions by any physical force. Granted that the person has natural limitations,
physical freedom allows him or her to act and move in determined manner. You cannot
be everywhere at once, but your freedom allows you to move one place to another and
to go whenever you want to go.
2. Psychological Freedom
Psychological freedom is also called freedom of choice. The person is free to
perform actions that he or she considers right and wise. A person is also free to act or
not to act. Psychological freedom is innate and cannot be denied to a person. No
outside force or influence can compel a person to take action against his or her will.
3. Moral Freedom
Moral freedom refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity
and goodness. Freedom is not an object that a person may use in whatever way he or
she pleases. A person must use his or her freedom to grow as a person. A person
becomes freer when he or she uses freedom well, but becomes less free when he or
she uses it in a bad way. Humans have a natural inclination for what is true and good,
and when a person uses his or her freedom to do acts that violates human dignity and
goodness, he or she dehumanizes himself or herself and effectively negates human
freedom.
3
What’s More?
Activity 2: My Reflection.
Write your reflection in your activity notebook.
Take a look at the pictures below. What can you say about the pictures? Have
you been in this kind of situation? What are the things you considered in making
choices? Write your reflection in your activity notebook.
Designed by D3Images / Freepik
Rubrics for Checking:
Criteria
Rating
The paper relates entirely to the assigned topic or issue.
1 2 3 4 5
The paper conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic or
issue.
1 2 3 4 5
The Paper is written following the conventions of good writing and
standard grammar.
1 2 3 4 5
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content.
1 2 3 4 5
TOTAL (20 points)
4
Lesson 2: Elements of Freedom
Learning Competencies:
Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices
(PPT11/12-IIa-5.2)
Realize that:
(PPT11/12-IIb-5.3)
a. Choices have consequences
b. Some things are given up while others are
obtained in making choices
What’s New?
Activity 1:
It’s Me!
Read the situation below and answer the questions after it.
Write your answer in your activity notebook.
One of the barangays in your Municipality was struck by an earthquake. Your
school will be conducting an outreach activity to help the affected families and
they need a lot of manpower. With this, they are asking for student volunteers
who would want to join the said outreach activity.
a. Would you volunteer to the said activity? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
b. What do you think drives you to join or not join the activity?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
c. If you choose to volunteer to the activity, what are the responsibilities that you
can associate to your act of voluntarism?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
5
What is It?
There are two elements that define freedom:
1. Voluntariness
It is the ability of a person to act of his or her own free will and selfdetermination. A person may decide to do things or not to do it according
to his own free will. It also means that even though she/he is not required
to do such things he/she could still do it or take action on it.
Voluntary acts are free acts which can be assigned a corresponding
moral value. One must always remember that in every action we make, in
every choice we make there is an equivalent consequence. These
consequences affect not just the individual who does the decision but also
other people in their surroundings. With that, one must always accept the
consequences that results from his or her decisions or actions and take
responsibility for them.
2. Responsibility
Responsibility refers to the person being accountable for his or her
action and their consequences. Taking responsibility can mean either you
take responsibility to your action voluntarily or other people will hold you
responsible. For example, if you made a bad action it’s either you take
responsibility of it or other people will hold you responsible for it.
6
Example of voluntariness and responsibility
Michael invited Ken to a party club. At the club, Ken was very surprised to see his
former classmates and some acquaintances. It was very lively, people were dancing, singing
and others were drinking and smoking. But, there is something that caught Ken’s attention, a
group of people in the corner doing something unusual. And to his surprise, Michael was one
of them. He came near to them and Michael immediately offer him a methamphetamine
(shabu). At first, he refused knowing that the use of it is illegal. However, with the persistent
effort of Michael, Ken tried it. Unexpectedly, police officers came to raid the club. Ken was
abducted.
Based on this situation, voluntariness was manifested by Ken’s personal acceptance of
the illegal drug because he uses his own freewill. Responsibility comes with Ken’s choice of
action. Meaning, he had to accept his fate to be in the prison cell as a consequence of his
freewill.
There are important factors to consider in the exercise of freedom. These are
Prudence and Self-reflection.

Prudence is the ability to govern and discipline oneself with the use of
reason; it is having caution and giving good judgments in making
decisions.
Because once we made a decision there is no turning back,
there is no rewind, so we should always reflect first on the possible
outcomes of the choices that we are going to make. Self-reflection is
very important in exercising freedom.

Self-reflection allows us to be more rational in making choices,
because sometimes human beings tend to be slaves by their emotions
and moods whenever they act certain things. As free beings, exercising
our freedom responsibly is very important. Thus, it requires us to reflect
on the actions that we are going to make by considering its possible
effects and the benefits it has to the people affected by it.
7
What’s More?
Activity 2:
My Personal Timeline.
Write your timeline in your activity notebook.
As a student, you have made some important life decisions in the past.
Make a time-line of major decisions in your life and below the line
then write down the consequence of those particular decisions.
Activity3: Reflect.
Write your reflection in your activity notebook.
1. Recall a situation in your life that in where you apply prudence in making a
choice. How does this decision create an impact your life?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
8
Lesson 3:
Learning Competency:
Exercising Freedom in a
Responsible and
Beneficial Manner
Show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and
the consequences of their choices. (PPT11/12-IIc-5.4)
What’s In?
Activity 1:
Picture Analysis.
Analyze the picture below and answer the questions asked.
Write your answers in your activity notebook.
1. What do you think is the message the picture below is trying to convey?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
9
2. How do you think does the picture relates to the previous lesson?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
What is It?
Freedom should be exercised with control and reasonable limits.
As humans, we enjoy freedom, but we need to understand that it is not
absolute. Meaning, we should exercise our freedom with control and reasonable
limits.
Examples:
1. A student may be first in line in a grocery store but chooses to give way to an
elderly woman next to her.
2. You may be very upset to a friend for losing a thing she borrowed but refuses
to confront her because you already know that she already feels bad of
herself for the thing she had done.
3. You may be very angry with your teacher for scolding you in front of the entire
class, but you refrained from answering back at him/her since it will be
considered as disrespectful act.
Giving limits to our personal freedom simply means sacrificing certain selfinterest and accept that there are things beyond our control. Our ability to think and
know what is right and what is wrong serves as guide in recognizing and deciding
the limitations of our freedom.
10
Freedom should be exercised with regard for knowledge and truth.
As a rational beings, it is natural for us to think before we act. We use our
freedom to acquire knowledge, which in turn are useful in making right and sound
decisions essential in dealing with our life situations.
-
Example:
To correctly answer a multiple-choice item in an examination, a student has to
study his/her lessons. Otherwise, he/she cannot answer the test.
We should also be equipped with the ability to acquire information and truthful
knowledge because it will aid us in making wise and informed choices.
Example:
In casting our votes during SSG election, we will not vote to a candidate
because of she/he is attractive or appealing but because she/he is
knowledgeable on the important school issues.
Freedom should be exercised to uphold the freedom of others.
Freedom is recognized and guaranteed right for all persons. Meaning,
freedom should be enjoyed by all. But it is important to remember that freedom
should be exercised not as a tool to restrict the freedom of others, but as a means to
enable others to fully enjoy their own freedom.
Example:
A teacher doing his/her class discussion under the Narra tree instead of
having it inside the classroom.
You shared your hard-earned money to cater the needs of your friend who is
in dire needs of it for the realization of his/her school project.
11
What’s More?
Activity 2:
I.
Next to?
Write your answer in your activity notebook.
Reflect in yourself the given actions below
consequences on the given actions.
ACTION
and
give possible
CONSEQUENCES
A student studying his/her lessons
A driver observing traffic lights
Athletes practicing in a gym
A person taking illegal drugs
A student practicing conservation of
natural resources
12
What I Have Learned








Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of a human person.
Human person by nature seeks freedom and our freedom makes us distinct
from other beings.
Freedom gives us the power/ability to be what we want and to decide and
create ourselves.
There are three kinds of freedom. Physical freedom refers to the absence of
physical restraint. Psychological freedom is the freedom of choice. Moral
freedom refers to the responsible use of freedom which upholds human
dignity and goodness.
The two important elements of human freedom are voluntariness and
responsibility. Voluntariness refers to the ability of the person to act out of his
or her own free will. Responsibility refers to the person being accountable for
his or her action and their consequences.
As a person possessing self-determination, individual actions as it is freely
chosen by an individual then defines who and what kind of individual we are.
Having freedom and exercising it bears responsibilities. All our actions have
consequences that come with it. Therefore, it is important to act with prudence
and reflect on possible courses of actions in making decision.
Freedom should be exercised in a responsible and beneficial manner. One
must control and recognize limits of his or her freedom for it is our
responsibility as persons to uphold not only our individual freedoms, but also
the freedom of others.
13
What I Can Do?
Reflection: Write your answers in your activity notebook.
1. Reflect on your past experiences and identify a moment when you believed
you had “no choice” regarding your action or decisions, or you made a choice
that you eventually regretted. Reevaluate the situation and how important is it
to apply prudence in making a choice.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Reflect on a problem you are currently facing. Create a graphic organizer
outlining the possible choices you can make and their corresponding
consequences.
Possible
Choice 1
Possible
Choice 2
PROBLEM
Possible
Choice 3
14
• (Corresponding
Consequences)
• 1.
• 2.
• (Corresponding
Consequences)
• 1.
• 2.
• (Corresponding
Consequences)
• 1.
• 2.
Assessment
A. Encircle the letter that corresponds your answer. Write your answers in your
activity notebook.
1. This refers to the ability to make choices and perform actions. It is an intrinsic
and essential property of the human person.
a. Freedom
b. Free Will
c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness
2. A type of freedom from physical restraint.
a. Moral freedom
b. Physical freedom
c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness
3. This is the kind of freedom which allows a person to perform actions which he
or she considers right and wise.
a. Freedom of choosing
b. Voluntarism
c. Psychological freedom
d. Moral Freedom
4. It is the ability to act out one’s free will and self-determination.
a. Volunteerism
b. Responsibility
c. Psychological freedom
d. Voluntariness
5. This means that a person is being accountable for his or her actions and their
consequences.
a. Responsibly
b. Responsibility
c. Irresponsibleness
d. Voluntariness
15
B. Put a check beside each number of the statement which shows responsible
use of freedom.
1. Instead of buying new dress for a party she is going to attend, Sheena
decides to borrow a dress from her sister.
2. Knowing that her classmate will be humiliated by the photo she took, Mika still
posted the photo in their class group chat.
3. Despite his classmate’s friends threatening him, Mark decided to tell his
teacher that his classmates stole a test paper for their final examination.
4. Instead of going out with his friends on a Saturday night, Miguel spends his
time with his family.
5. Although the beauty product Kim is selling is very in demand, Kim stopped
selling it knowing that it can cause harm to the skin if used for a long time.
C. Analyzing situations.
Read the following situations below. How are you going to apply prudence in
making a choice to exercise your freedom more responsibly? Encircle the letter
that corresponds your answer.
1. Your family is experiencing financial difficulty. You are being enrolled in a
private school with a high tuition fee but your parents do not want you to
transfer to a public school despite your situation. As their daughter/son what
are you going to do?
e. You are going to stay in your school because that is what your parents
want you to do.
a. You won’t mind because that is your parent’s problem.
b. You will explain to your parents that transferring school is the best way
to resolve the family’s financial problem.
c. You will stop going to school.
2. A teacher informed you that your brother has to repeat some subjects due to
his failing grades. She asked you to tell your parents about it and that she
wanted to meet them. But your brother asked you not to tell your parents and
that he will find another person to stand as your parents. What are you going
to do?
a. You will not tell your parents because your brother asked you not to do
it.
b. You will not tell your parents in exchange of your brother’s allowance.
c. You won’t mind because you do not care about your brother’s problem.
16
d. You will tell your parents because you know that granting your brothers
request will not do any good but instead will just lead him to do to
things that could again affect his studies.
3. Your best friend humiliated you, making you a laughing stock in your school.
As her best friend you also knew a lot about her that would humiliate her as
well when exposed. What then are you going to do?
a. You will not do what she did to you because you know that it will not do
any good.
b. You will expose her secrets so that she will have the same fate as you.
c. You will confront and start a fight with her.
d. You will not do the same, instead you’ll do actions that will gain back
your friendship.
4. You are invited to a debut party of your best friend. She expected you to be
there. Her birthday falls on a Wednesday but you’re having a final exam the
next day. How are you going to deal with the situation?
a. You will go to the party and will not study for your exam.
b. You will not go to the party and you will study for your exam.
c. You will go to the party but you will go home early to study.
d. You will not go to the party and will not study.
5. You saw a classmate bullied by your schoolmates outside your school. You
just turned a blind eye and walked the other way because you do not want to
get involved. The next day, you heard the news that your bullied classmate
was admitted to the hospital due to injuries. The school and the family of the
bullied child is asking if someone saw the incident to have someone to testify.
The bullies already warned you not say a single word otherwise they will do
the same to you. What are you going to do then?
a.
b.
c.
d.
You will not report because your safety is at stake.
You will report to prevent the bullies from doing it again.
You will not report because you do not care about your classmate.
You will report the incident in exchange for money.
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REFERENCES
Abella, Roberto D. M.Div., D.Min. “Freedom of the Human Person” In Introduction to
the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon City: C&E Publishing Inc.2016
Maria Paula G. Sioco Ph. D. and Ignatius H. Vinzons, “Limitations and
Transcendence” In Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.Gregorio
Araneta Avenue, Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc. 2016
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