Worksheet
2.1b
Heartbeats
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: .......................................................................................................
1. Use words from the box to answer this question (you may need to use some words more than once).
atria
atrium
contract
left
ventricles
muscles
relax
right
ventricle
vessels
a. On the diagram, add labels to the label lines to show the names of the four chambers of the heart.
b. Complete the sentences below each diagram.
2. Some students are working out their heart rates. They count how many times their hearts beat in 15 seconds
and then calculate their heart rates in ‘beats per minute’.
a. Complete the table of results below.
Anna
20
Baba
25
Connie
22
Dak-Ho
Heart rate (bpm)
76
.
b. Write the name of the person whose heart was beating the fastest.
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1
Stage 8
Beats in 15 seconds
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
Name
Worksheet
2.1c
Blood vessels
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: .......................................................................................................
network of capillaries
lung
where oxygen is
absorbed into the blood
artery carrying blood
with a lot of oxygen
artery carrying blood
with little oxygen
vein carrying blood
with a lot of oxygen
vein carrying blood with
little oxygen
left ventricle
liver
artery
kidney
network of capillaries
Stage 8
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
1. Draw lines from the labels to the correct places on the diagram of the circulatory system.
2
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Draw lines to match each blood vessel with its function and an adaptation for that function, and its diagram.
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Name
Function
Adaptation
artery
allows
substances
in and out
easily
has valves
capillary
makes
sure blood
flows back
to the heart
thick, elastic
wall
vein
withstands
high
pressure
very thin
wall
3
Stage 8
Diagram
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
2.
Worksheet
2.1d(1)
Using a microscope
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: .......................................................................................................
You are going to use a microscope to examine some tissue.
You will need:
Slide(s), microscope, light source
What to do:
A
B
C
Stage 8
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
D
E
F
G
Turn the objective lenses to put the smallest one over the hole in the stage. This lens gives the lowest
magnification.
Turn the focusing wheel to make the distance between the stage and the objective lens as small as possible.
Use the course focusing wheel, if there is one.
Adjust the light source so that light shines through the hole in the stage. If your microscope has a mirror, do
not point the mirror at the Sun. This could damage your eyes permanently.
Put the slide into the clips on the stage.
Look through the eyepiece lens.
Turn the focusing wheel until the image is in focus (clear and sharp).
Move a larger objective lens over the specimen. Very slowly turn the focusing wheel until the image is in
focus. Use the fine focusing wheel if there is one. If you turn the focusing wheel too much you could break
the slide and damage the objective lens.
4
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Worksheet
2.1d(2)
Investigating changes in pulse rate
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: .......................................................................................................
You are going to find out how your pulse rate changes when you exercise.
You will need:
Timer (e.g. stopwatch).
Safety
Make sure that you are away from others when you exercise, to avoid bumping into them.
1. a. Make a prediction about how your pulse rate will change when you exercise.
b. Explain why you think this will happen.
What to do:
A
Find your pulse and count the number of beats in 15 seconds. Record your pulse rate in the table below.
B
Now do star jumps for 1 minute (or another exercise that your teacher tells you to do).
C
As soon as you finish your exercise, repeat step A.
Pulse rate (bpm)
Before exercise (resting)
After exercise
2. Do your results agree with your prediction?
3. Explain why your pulse rate changes.
© HarperCollinsPublishers 2018
5
Stage 8
Beats in 15 seconds
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
Write your results in this table
Worksheet
2.2d(1)
The respiratory system
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: .......................................................................................................
Label the parts of the respiratory system on the diagram below.
Use these words and phrases for your labels:
bronchiole
movement of
oxygen
bronchus
red blood cell
capillary
rib
diaphragm
lung
trachea (windpipe)
Stage 8
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
alveolus
movement of
carbon dioxide
6
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Worksheet
2.2d(2)
Investigating changes in breathing
rate
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: .......................................................................................................
You are going to find out how your breathing rate changes when you exercise.
You will need:
Timer (e.g. stopwatch)
Safety
Make sure that you are away from others when you exercise, to avoid bumping into them.
1. a. Make a prediction about how your breathing rate will change when you exercise.
b. Explain why you think this will happen.
Count the number of breaths you take in 30 seconds. An inhalation followed by an exhalation counts as one
breath. Record your breathing rate in the table below.
B
Now do star jumps for 1 minute (or another exercise that your teacher tells you to do).
C
As soon as you finish your exercise, repeat step A.
Write your results in this table.
Breaths in 30 seconds
Breathing rate (breaths per minute)
Before exercise (resting)
After exercise
2. Do your results agree with your prediction?
3. Explain why your breathing rate changes.
© HarperCollinsPublishers 2018
7
Stage 8
A
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
What to do:
Worksheet
2.2d(3)
Investigating lung volume
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: .......................................................................................................
You are going to find out the volume of your lungs.
You will need:
Tubing, large plastic container and cap, large bowl of water, measuring cylinder
Safety
Mop up any water spills straight away.
1.
Adult men have an average lung volume of 4.8 litres. The average for adult women is 3.1 litres.
a. Make a prediction about your lung volume.
b. Explain why you think your lung volume will be about this size.
A
Work in pairs. One person holds and moves the
container. The other holds and moves the tubing and
does the blowing.
B
Fill the plastic container with water. Pour the water
from the container into the measuring cylinder (you
will need to fill the measuring cylinder several times)
to measure the volume of the container. Write down
the volume of the container in cm3.
C
Push the empty plastic container under the water in
the bowl to fill it.
D
Keep the container’s open end under the water and
turn it upside down. It should still be full of water.
E
Push a tube into the open end of the container.
F
Take as deep a breath as you can and then blow out all the air in your lungs into the tube.
G
Remove the tubing. Keep the container’s open end under the water and screw on the cap.
H
Take the container out of the water. Unscrew the cap and pour the water into the measuring cylinder.
I
Subtract the volume of water in the measuring cylinder from the volume of the container. This will give you
the volume of air that was blown into the container.
J
Now swap with your partner and measure the other person’s lung volume. Use a new piece of tubing.
Stage 8
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
What to do:
8
© HarperCollinsPublishers 2018
2. Record your measurements in the table.
Name
Volume of
container (cm3)
Amount of water in
container after blowing (cm3)
Lung volume
(cm3)
3. Collect the results from everyone in your class on a separate piece of paper. Include your own results.
4. Fill in the tally chart below to show the results from your class.
Lung volume group (cm3)
Tally
Total number of people
1000–1249
1250–1499
1500–1749
1750–1999
2000–2249
2250–2499
2500–2749
2750–2999
3000–3249
3250–3499
3500–3749
3750–3999
4000–4249
4250–4499
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
4750–4999
5. Use a piece of graph paper to present the data in your tally chart as a bar chart.
6. What is the most common range of lung volumes in your class?
7. a. Identify any anomalous results.
b. Why are these results anomalous?
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9
Stage 8
4500–4749
Worksheet
2.3c
Smoking
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: .......................................................................................................
1. The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to look at cigarette smoke.
a. Predict what will happen to the temperature shown on the thermometer.
c. The Universal indicator turns yellow. What does this tell you about the gases in cigarette smoke?
d. Give the name of the addictive drug in cigarette smoke.
Stage 8
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
b. What substance causes the cotton wool to become brown?
10
© HarperCollinsPublishers 2018
2.
Look carefully at the graph below. It shows a correlation between the number of deaths from lung
cancer and the number of cigarettes smoked.
a. What is the name of this type of graph?
c. Describe the correlation shown in the graph.
d. What substance in tobacco smoke causes lung cancer?
© HarperCollinsPublishers 2018
11
Stage 8
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
b. What is the name of the line that has been drawn through the points?
Worksheet
2.4b
Absorbing water and mineral salts
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: .......................................................................................................
1.
The diagram shows a type of cell found on the surface of roots.
a. Give the name of this cell.
b. On the diagram label the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm and vacuole.
d. How is the cell adapted for this function?
2. The box shows some chemical substances found in a fertiliser.
SuperGrow fertiliser contains:
calcium nitrate
magnesium sulfate
diammonium phosphate
manganese sulfate
potassium sulfate
sodium borate
a. What name is given to these substances in the fertiliser?
Stage 8
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
c. What is the function of this cell?
12
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b. In the box above, circle a substance that helps plants to make chlorophyll.
c. In the box above, underline a substance that helps plants to make proteins.
d. Why do plants need to make proteins? Tick one.
 for growth and repair
 for energy
 for food
 for making water
e. Proteins form part of the biomass of plants. What is biomass? Tick one.
 the mass of water in some plants
 the mass of water that some plants need in a day
 the mass of the substances made by some plants  the mass of fertiliser needed by some plants
© HarperCollinsPublishers 2018
13
Stage 8
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
f. Potassium is needed by some cells in the root to help them absorb water. Explain why a plant wilts if it does
not have enough potassium.
Worksheet
2.4c
Transporting water
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: .......................................................................................................
You are going to find out if the number of leaves affects the speed that water rises up a stem.
You will need:
Plant stems (e.g. celery), beaker or jar of water containing ink or food colouring, knife and board (or hard cutting
surface), hand lens/magnifying glass, ruler
1. a. Read the method below and make a prediction.
b. Explain why you made this prediction
A
Take three plant stems. Remove some of the leaves so that one stem has no leaves, and the other two have
different numbers of leaves.
B
Put your stems into the beaker of coloured water (with the thicker stem ends at the bottom).
C
Leave the stems for as long as you are able (up to a day).
D
Remove the stems from the water.
E
Use the knife to cut off the top 0.5 cm of each stem. Look for colouring where you have cut.
F
Repeat step E until you can just see some colouring in the cut end of each stem.
G
Measure the length of stem that you have left (the part that contains the coloured water).
H
Examine the cut end of your stem with the hand lens.
2. Fill in your results in the table below.
Number of leaves on stem
Height the water reached (cm)
3. Make a conclusion from your results.
Stage 8
Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
What to do:
14
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