INTELLIGENCE
TESTING
What is intelligence?
○ Intelligence is an inferred process that humans use to explain the different
degrees of adaptive success in people’s behaviour.
○ The mental abilities that enable one to adopt to, shape or select one’s
environment.
○ The ability to judge, comprehend, and reason.
○ The ability to understand and deal with people, objects & symbols
○ The ability to act purposefully, think rationally and deal effectively with the
environment.
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History of
intelligence
testing
 Binet in the early 1900’s was
asked by the French
government to help decide
which students were most
likely to experience difficulty in
school.
 He and his colleague, Theodore
Simon, developed Binet-Simon
Scale.
 First intelligence test, referred
to as Binet-Simon Scale.
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Stanford-binet intelligence TEST
○ It used a single number, known as the intelligence quotient (IQ), to represent
individuals SCORE on the test.
○ Example – a child with a mental age of 12 and a chronological age of 10 would
have an IQ of 120 (12/10 × 100)
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Wechsler
intelligence test
 Due to the dissatisfaction with
the limitations of the StandardBinet, he published his new
intelligence test known as the
Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale (WAIS) in 1955
 He also developed two different
tests specifically for use in
children: Wechsler Intelligence
Scale for Children (WISC) and
the Wechsler Preschool and
Primary Scale of Intelligence
(WPPSI).
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Wais-iv
The adult version of the WAIS was revised since its original publication and is
now known as the WAIS-IV
The WAIS-IV contains 10 subjects, along with five supplemental tests
The test provides scores in four major areas of intelligence: a verbal
comprehension scale, a perceptual reasoning scale, a working memory scale, and
a processing speed scale
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Uses and purposes
Binet- Simon Scale is used for measuring the level of intelligence in a person
Stanford- Binet Intelligence test is used for testing a person mental age by their
chronological age to acquire an IQ score
WAIS-IV is useful to identify learning disabilities and difficulties.
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Test construction and content(samples)
Norm and standardization
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Five factor (indexes) incorporated in
the scale
10 subtests activities
 Fluid reasoning
 Verbal absurdities
 Knowledge
 Verbal analogies
 Quantitative reasoning
 Form patterns
 Visual Spatial Processing
 Working memory
 Procedural Knowledge
 Sentence and Word memory
 Position and Direction
 Early reasoning
 Quantitative reasoning
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Sample question of a Stanford Binet
intelligence test
○ Question#1: visual Arithmetic and Quantitative reasoning
○ How many block will I have left if I take two blocks away?
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SAMPLE QUESTION OF STANFORD BINET 5TH EDITION:
picture 1 (left) shows two example of verbal questions
Picture 2 (right) show one example of Non-Verbal question
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Wechsler Intelligence tests (WAIS and
WISC-III) construction and contents
• It is often divided into two parts, one that focuses on
verbal abilities and one that focuses on performance
skills.
• Verbal subsets includes:
Vocabulary, similarities, Arithmetic, Digit span,
information and comprehension.
• Performance subsets includes:
Picture completion, Digit symbol(coding, Block design, matrix
reasoning and picture arrangement.
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Sample Questions of Weschler Intelligence
for Children & Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale
• Question#1- Verbal Comprehension, similarities (Children)
How are morning and afternoon alike?
Answer: They are both times, in the day
• Visual Puzzles: (Adult)
Which three of these pieces go together to make this puzzle?
Answer :6,1&2
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Norms
What is norms?
The average score for a designated group of people.
• Norms of Intelligence tests:
• Intelligence is generally assessed using “norm-reference tests”
which evaluates test takers not on their absolute performance
but on their relative ranking compared to the scores obtained
within a predetermined population
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Standardization
Standardizing a test involves administering the test to a
representative sample of future test takers in order to
establish a basis for meaningful comparison.
Example of standardizing tests are:
AP Exams, Intelligence tests, ACT and SAT (your scores
are ranked in average of many test taker)
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Standardization of Intelligence test
Stanford Binet Intelligence Test :
This Tests was norm and standardized using American sample of
4800 individuals(51% female and 49% Male) ages to 2 to 85
years.
Wechsler Intelligence Scales:
This is test was norm and standardized on 2200 people range
from 6 to 16 years.
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Psychometric Properties of intelligence tests
The Stanford Binet Intelligence
tests 5th ed
• Suitable for age range of 2 to 85
years of age
• Range of possible scores run from
a low of 40 to a high160.
• Reliability: Split half reliability:
• Full scale:95 to 98
• 5 factors: 90 to 92
• 10 subsets: 84 to 89
• Test retest range from high 7’s to a
low 9’ reliabilities depending on
age and testing interval.
The Wechsler scales
• Norms: Full scale IQ, Index
scores, subtests scaled scores.
• Reliability: more than 0.95
• Validity: Correlation with
Stanford Binet – 80, with RPM70
• Substantial construct validity
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Administration, Scoring & Interpretation of
an IQ test
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Administering an Intelligence Test
Administering an Intelligence Test
○ Formally referred to as the intelligence quotient tests, IQ test Come in many
forms.
○ It assesses cognitive abilities and provide a score meant to be a measure of
intellectual potential and ability.
○ The test is often given to a representative sample of the entire population.
○ Sometimes given to students at school who may have intellectual disabilities
○ In most cases they are administered by a doctor or psychologist.
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Scoring an Intelligence test
○ The test is scored in terms of intelligence quotient or IQ a concept
first suggested by German psychologist William Stern and adopted
by Lewis Terman in Stanford Binet Scale.
○ Originally IQ was computed as the ratio of a persons mental age to
his chronological age multiplied by 100.
○ After the test is administered the raw scores are converted on a
scale.
○ IQ points are arranged in along a bell curve so that 100 is at the top
of the bluge with other scores surrounding it.
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Scoring continued
○ On a norm reference test scores willshow where an individual’s results fall in
relation to all other results obtained.
○ Standardized test uses standard scores to report results.
○ Scores are sometimes given with their corresponding percentile ranks.
○ Main score results: High Scores and Low scores
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Impact of IQ Scores
○ IQ scores can reliably predict is a person's academic success in school. Research
suggests that people with high intelligence tend to be more successful at work as
well. However, in some cases, it may just be the opposite.
○ Some studies have suggested that children with exceptional academic skills may
be more prone to depression and social isolation than less-gifted peers.
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IQ classifications
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Interpretation of an Intelligence test
○ There are three fundamental questions interpreting intelligence test:
○ 1) What abilities underlie performance on the various scales?
○ 2) How well do the scales measure those underlying abilities?
○ 3) How can reliable information about those abilities be extracted from the test
results?
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Interpreting an IQ
○ Interpreting an IQ is to gain an understanding of the examinee’s cognitive
strengths and weaknesses.
○ Interpreting for understanding
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Interpreting an IQ
○ Interpretation of intelligence test consists of the most basic level of the assessor
choosing the relative weight to place on two dimensions:
○ Qualitative- Quantitative
○ Idiographic- nomothetic
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Strengths and Weakness
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Strengths
○ This is a way to recognize “gifted” people
○ It provides useful insights into diagnosis
○ It allows us to comprehend how the brain functions
○ It can be a fun process to go through
○ It can identify students who are at risk of breaking
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Weaknesses
○ Designing an independent test is demanding
○ It is data that is used inconsistently
○ This can result in the use of labels
○ It eliminates the probability of advanced
evaluation and programming
○ Not all levels of intelligence are measured
○ It can lead to stereotypes being created
○ Often limited subject material will be tested
○ It decreases classroom diversity
○ It can be difficult to evaluate individuals with
unique challenges
○ It also leads to preparation for administration
of tests
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Reliability
&
validity
○ According to Merriam-Webster (2020), reliability is the period of which, in repeated trials, an experiment, test or
measuring technique gives the same result.
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Reliability of intelligence test
○ IQ tests are a type of psychometric (person-centric) testing that is thought to have very high reliability in statistics. This
implies that while the scores of an individual will differ significantly with age and environmental status, they are
repeatable and will normally agree with each other over time.
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○ Validity means the measurement of the exactness of a method. If research is valid, it results in real properties,
characteristics, and variations in the physical or social world. One indicator that a measurement is valid is high
reliability (Middleton,2019).
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Validity of intelligence test
○ They are often known to have strong statistical validity, which suggests that what they actually claim to test,
intelligence, is measured. This ensures that in other applications, such as therapeutic or educational purposes, many
individuals trust them to be used.
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Evaluation and relevance of the Test in the Caribbean
Positives
Negatives
○ Needed to properly diagnose individuals
○ The binet-scale is inaccurate
○ Helps in differentiating learning abilities amongst
specific target groups
○ May result in low low self esteem, confidence and
depression.
○ Some test are accurate( WAIS & WCIS)
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CONCLUSION
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References
○ Asunta, P., Viholainen, H., Ahonen, T, Rintala P. (2019). Psychometric properties of observational tools for
identifying motor difficulties. Retrieved from https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887019-1657-6
○ Britannia (2021). Intelligence test. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/intelligence-test
○ Cliffnotes (2020) Intelligence tests. Retrieved from https://www.cliffsnotes.com/studyguides/psychology/psychology/psychology-intelligence/intelligence-tests
○ Cherry,K.(2020) Alfed binet and history of IQ testing .Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/historyof-intelligence-testing-2795581
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